A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Presents Periodic Table of the Elements

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Presents Periodic Table of the Elements A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos National Laboratory's Chemistry Division Presents Periodic Table of the Elements A Resource for Elementary, Middle School, and High School Students Click an element for more information: Group** Period 1 18 IA VIIIA 1A 8A 1 2 13 14 15 16 17 2 1 H IIA IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA He 1.008 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 4.003 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 Li Be B C N O F Ne 6.941 9.012 10.81 12.01 14.0116.00 19.00 20.18 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 3 Na Mg IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB------- VIII ------ IB IIB Al Si P S Cl Ar 22.99 24.31 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B - 1B 2B 26.98 28.09 30.9732.07 35.45 39.95 ------- 8 ------- 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr 39.10 40.08 44.96 47.8850.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.47 58.6963.5565.39 69.72 72.59 74.9278.96 79.90 83.80 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 5 Rb Sr Y Zr NbMo Tc Ru Rh Pd AgCd In Sn Sb Te I Xe 85.47 87.62 88.91 91.2292.91 95.94 (98) 101.1 102.9 106.4107.9112.4 114.8 118.7 121.8127.6 126.9 131.3 55 56 57 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 6 Cs Ba La* Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt AuHg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn 132.9 137.3 138.9 178.5180.9 183.9 186.2 190.2 190.2 195.1197.0200.5 204.4 207.2 209.0 (210) (210) (222) 87 88 89 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116 118 7 Fr Ra Ac~ Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt --- --- --- --- --- --- (223) (226) (227) (257) (260) (263) (262) (265) (266) () () () () () () http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm (1 of 3) [10/24/2001 5:40:02 PM] A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Lanthanide Series* Ce Pr NdPmSm Eu Gd Tb DyHo Er Tm Yb Lu 140.1 140.9144.2 (147) 150.4 152.0 157.3 158.9162.5164.9 167.3 168.9 173.0175.0 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 Actinide Series~ Th Pa U Np Pu AmCmBk Cf Es FmMdNo Lr 232.0 (231) (238) (237) (242) (243) (247) (247) (249) (254) (253) (256) (254) (257) ** Groups are noted by 3 notation conventions. For a list of a the element names and symbols in alphabetical order, click here Download this Web Site to your computer (Adobe Acrobat format - PDF) Get Adobe Acrobat Reader for free Questions - Comments - Feedback Send an email to [email protected] What is the Periodic Table? How to use the Periodic Table Click here to see Mendeleev's original Periodic Table Chemistry in a Nutshell Naming New Elements http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm (2 of 3) [10/24/2001 5:40:02 PM] A Periodic Table of the Elements at Los Alamos National Laboratory [ LANL | DOE | Disclaimer ] Last Updated: 9/5/2001 about this resource http://periodic.lanl.gov/default.htm (3 of 3) [10/24/2001 5:40:02 PM] Hydrogen Hydrogen For rocket fuel Atomic Number: 1 Atomic Symbol: H Atomic Weight: 1.0079 Electron Configuration: 1s1 History (Gr. hydro, water, and genes, forming) Hydrogen was prepared many years before it was recognized as a distinct substance by Cavendish in 1776. Named by Lavoisier, hydrogen is the most abundant of all elements in the universe. The heavier elements were originally made from Hydrogen or from other elements that were originally made from Hydrogen. Sources Hydrogen is estimated to make up more than 90% of all the atoms or three quarters of the mass of the universe. This element is found in the stars, and plays an important part in powering the universe through both the proton-proton reaction and carbon-nitrogen cycle -- stellar hydrogen fusion processes that release massive amounts of energy by combining Hydrogen to form Helium. Production of hydrogen in the U.S. alone now amounts to about 3 billion cubic feet per year. Hydrogen is prepared by ● steam on heated carbon, ● decomposition of certain hydrocarbons with heat, ● action of sodium or potassium hydroxide on aluminum ● electrolysis of water, or ● displacement from acids by certain metals. Liquid hydrogen is important in cryogenics and in the study of superconductivity, as its melting point is http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/1.html (1 of 3) [10/24/2001 5:40:03 PM] Hydrogen only 20 degrees above absolute zero. Tritium is readily produced in nuclear reactors and is used in the production of the hydrogen bomb. Hydrogen is the primary component of Jupiter and the other gas giant planets. At some depth in the planet's interior the pressure is so great that solid molecular hydrogen is converted to solid metallic hydrogen. In 1973, a group of Russian experimenters may have produced metallic hydrogen at a pressure of 2.8 Mbar. At the transition the density changed from 1.08 to 1.3 g/cm3. Earlier, in 1972, at Livermore, California, a group also reported on a similar experiment in which they observed a pressure-volume point centered at 2 Mbar. Predictions say that metallic hydrogen may be metastable; others have predicted it would be a superconductor at room temperature. Compounds Although pure Hydrogen is a gas we find very little of it in our atmosphere. Hydrogen gas is so light that uncombined Hydrogen will gain enough velocity from collisions with other gases that they will quickly be ejected from the atmosphere. On earth, hydrogen occurs chiefly in combination with oxygen in water, but it is also present in organic matter such as living plants, petroleum, coal, etc. It is present as the free element in the atmosphere, but only to the extent of less than 1 ppm by volume. The lightest of all gases, hydrogen combines with other elements -- sometimes explosively -- to form compounds. Uses Great quantities are required commercially for the fixation of nitrogen from the air in the Haber ammonia process and for the hydrogenation of fats and oils. It is also used in large quantities in methanol production, in hydrodealkylation, hydrocracking, and hydrodesulfurization. Other uses include rocket fuel, welding, producing hydrochloric acid, reducing metallic ores, and filling balloons. The lifting power of 1 cubic foot of hydrogen gas is about 0.07 lb at 0C, 760 mm pressure. The Hydrogen Fuel cell is a developing technology that will allow great amounts of electrical power to be obtained using a source of hyrogen gas. Consideration is being given to an entire economy based on solar- and nuclear-generated hydrogen. Public acceptance, high capital investment, and the high cost of hydrogen with respect to today's fuels are but a few of the problems facing such an economy. Located in remote regions, power plants would electrolyze seawater; the hydrogen produced would travel to distant cities by pipelines. Pollution-free hydrogen could replace natural gas, gasoline, etc., and could serve as a reducing agent in metallurgy, http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/1.html (2 of 3) [10/24/2001 5:40:03 PM] Hydrogen chemical processing, refining, etc. It could also be used to convert trash into methane and ethylene. Forms Quite apart from isotopes, it has been shown that under ordinary conditions hydrogen gas is a mixture of two kinds of molecules, known as ortho- and para-hydrogen, which differ from one another by the spins of their electrons and nuclei. Normal hydrogen at room temperature contains 25% of the para form and 75% of the ortho form. The ortho form cannot be prepared in the pure state. Since the two forms differ in energy, the physical properties also differ. The melting and boiling points of parahydrogen are about 0.1oC lower than those of normal hydrogen. Isotopes The ordinary isotope of hydrogen, H, is known as Protium, the other two isotopes are Deuterium (a proton and a neutron) and Tritium (a protron and two neutrons). Hydrogen is the only element whose isotopes have been given different names. Deuterium and Tritium are both used as fuel in nuclear fusion reactors. One atom of Deuterium is found in about 6000 ordinary hydrogen atoms. Deuterium is used as a moderator to slow down neutrons. Tritium atoms are also present but in much smaller proportions. Tritium is readily produced in nuclear reactors and is used in the production of the hydrogen (fusion) bomb. It is also used as a radioactive agent in making luminous paints, and as a tracer. Sources: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and the American Chemical Society. Last Updated: 12/19/97, CST Information Services Team http://periodic.lanl.gov/elements/1.html (3 of 3) [10/24/2001 5:40:03 PM] Helium Helium For blimps Atomic Number: 2 Atomic Symbol: He Atomic Weight: 4.00260 Electron Configuration: 1s2 History (Gr.
Recommended publications
  • LIGHT METAL BOROHYDRIDES and Mg-BASED HYDRIDES for HYDROGEN STORAGE
    LIGHT METAL BOROHYDRIDES AND Mg-BASED HYDRIDES FOR HYDROGEN STORAGE by SHENG GUO A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Metallurgy and Materials College of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Birmingham December 2014 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Synopsis This work has investigated structural and compositional changes in LiBH4, Mg(BH4)2, Ca(BH4)2, LiBH4-Ca(BH4)2 during heating. The crystal and vibrational structures of these borohydrides/composites were characterized using lab-based X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy, with particular attention to the frequency/width changes of Raman vibrations of different polymorphs of borohydrides. The thermal stability and decomposition pathway of the borohydrides was studied in great detail mainly using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), in/ex situ XRD and Raman measurements, whilst the gaseous products during heating were monitored using a mass spectrometry (MS). Hydrogen is the main decomposition gaseous product from all of these compounds, but in some cases a very small amount of diborane release was also detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Security Master Symbol Description a AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC AA
    *The information contained herein is believed to Security Master be reliable but is neither guaranteed by EQIS Capital Management, Inc. its principles nor any affiliated EQIS companies. This information is Symbol Description intended for the exclusive use of investment Adviser Representative. This list is subject to A AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES INC change. AA ALCOA CORP COM Advisor Services are offered through EQIS AAAAX DEUTSCHE ALTERNATIVE ASSET ALLOCATION FU Capital Management, Inc. an SEC Registered AAAP ADVANCED ACCELERATOR APPLIC SPONSORED AD Investment Adviser. For information purposes AAASX DEUTSCHE ALTERNATIVE ASSET ALLOCATION F only, not for public distribution. AABPX AMERICAN BEACON BALANCED INVESTOR AAC AAC HLDGS INC COM AACFX AIM CHINA A AADAX AIM GROWTH ALLOCATION CLASS A AADEX AMERICAN BEACON LARGE CAP VALUE INSTL AADR ADVISORSHARES WCM/BNY MLNFCSD GR ADR ETF AAGIY AIA GROUP LTD SPONS ADR AAGPX AMERICAN BEACON LARGE CAP VALUE INVESTOR AAIFX CROW POINT ALTERNATIVE INCOME FUND AAIPX AMERICAN BEACON INTERNATIONAL EQUITY INV AAL AMERICAN AIRLS GROUP INC COM AAMC ALTISOURCE ASSET MGMT CORP COM AAME ATLANTIC AMERN CORP AAN AARONS, INC. CL A AAOI APPLIED OPTOELECTRONICS INC COM AAON AAON INC PAR $0.004 AAP ADVANCED AUTO PARTS INC AAPC ATLANTIC ALLIANCE PARTNER CORP SHS AAPL APPLE INC COM AAT AMERICAN ASSETS TR INC COM AAU ALMADEN MINERALS LTD AAV ADVANTAGE OIL & GAS LTD AAWW ATLAS AIR WORLDWIDE HLDGS INC COM NEW AAXJ ISHARES MSCI ALL COUNTRY ASIA EX JAPAN I AB ALLIANCEBERNSTEIN HOLDING LP UNIT LTD PA ABAC AOXIN TIANLI GROUP INC NEW
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Feb
    3,233,442 United States Patent Office Patented Feb. 8, 1966 1. 2 metal are prevented or substantially decreased. A re 3,233,442 lated object is to provide a rolled light metal Surface which METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR has good physical properties and is protectively coated ROLLING LIGHT METALS against corrosion and abrasion. Other objects and ad Carl M. Zivanut, Alton, E., assignor to The Dow Chemical 5 vantages will be apparent from the description, which de Company, Midland, Mich., a corporation of Delaware scribed but does not limit the invention. No Drawing. Filed Mar. 21, 1960, Ser. No. 16,201 These objects are accomplished in accord with the 17 Claims. (C. 72-42) present invention as hereinafter explained. It has now This application is a continuation-in-part of my co been found that roll contamination during the rolling of pending application filed May 21, 1954, Serial No. 431, O light metals and the effects thereof at the interface of 571. the roll and metal can be prevented or substantially de This invention relates to lubricants for use in working creased by maintaining at said interface, a lubricating and protectively coating aluminum and magnesium, and composition consisting essentially of an alkali metal alkyl alloys containing greater than 70 percent by weight of phosphate and a polypropylene glycol, especially aqueous one of these metals. More particularly, the present in 5 solutions thereof. vention concerns an improved method of rolling alumi Suitable alkali metal alkyl phosphate compounds for num and magnesium, and said alloys of these metals, by use in accord with the invention are those having from using certain lubricants as hereinafter described.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Stateof the Software Supply Chain
    2019 State of the Software Supply Chain The 5th annual report on global open source software development presented by in partnership with supported by Table of Contents Introduction................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 4: Exemplary Dev Teams .................................26 4.1 The Enterprise Continues to Accelerate ...........................27 Infographic .................................................................................. 4 4.2 Analysis of 12,000 Large Enterprises ................................27 CHAPTER 1: Global Supply of Open Source .................5 4.3 Component Releases Make Up 85% of a Modern Application......................................... 28 1.1 Supply of Open Source is Massive ...........................................6 4.4 Characteristics of Exemplary 1.2 Supply of Open Source is Expanding Rapidly ..................7 Development Teams ................................................................... 29 1.3 Suppliers, Components and Releases ..................................7 4.5 Rewards for Exemplary Development Teams ..............34 CHAPTER 2: Global Demand for Open Source ..........8 CHAPTER 5: The Changing Landscape .......................35 2.1 Accelerating Demand for 5.1 Deming Emphasizes Building Quality In ...........................36 Open Source Libraries .....................................................................9 5.2 Tracing Vulnerable Component Release 2.2 Automated Pipelines and Downloads Across Software Supply Chains
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of the Periodic Table and Its Consequences Citation: J
    Firenze University Press www.fupress.com/substantia The Development of the Periodic Table and its Consequences Citation: J. Emsley (2019) The Devel- opment of the Periodic Table and its Consequences. Substantia 3(2) Suppl. 5: 15-27. doi: 10.13128/Substantia-297 John Emsley Copyright: © 2019 J. Emsley. This is Alameda Lodge, 23a Alameda Road, Ampthill, MK45 2LA, UK an open access, peer-reviewed article E-mail: [email protected] published by Firenze University Press (http://www.fupress.com/substantia) and distributed under the terms of the Abstract. Chemistry is fortunate among the sciences in having an icon that is instant- Creative Commons Attribution License, ly recognisable around the world: the periodic table. The United Nations has deemed which permits unrestricted use, distri- 2019 to be the International Year of the Periodic Table, in commemoration of the 150th bution, and reproduction in any medi- anniversary of the first paper in which it appeared. That had been written by a Russian um, provided the original author and chemist, Dmitri Mendeleev, and was published in May 1869. Since then, there have source are credited. been many versions of the table, but one format has come to be the most widely used Data Availability Statement: All rel- and is to be seen everywhere. The route to this preferred form of the table makes an evant data are within the paper and its interesting story. Supporting Information files. Keywords. Periodic table, Mendeleev, Newlands, Deming, Seaborg. Competing Interests: The Author(s) declare(s) no conflict of interest. INTRODUCTION There are hundreds of periodic tables but the one that is widely repro- duced has the approval of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and is shown in Fig.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Chm 303 Course Guide
    COURSE GUIDE CHM 303 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY III Course Team Professor Phd Aliyu (Course Writer) - Department of Chemistry University of Abuja Prof. Sulaiman o. Idris (Course Reviewer) - Department of Chemistry Ahmadu Bello University Zaria Dr Emeka C. Ogoko - (Head of Department) - NOUN NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA CHM 303 COURSE GUIDE © 2021 by NOUN Press National Open University of Nigeria Headquarters University Village Plot 91, Cadastral Zone NnamdiAzikiwe Expressway Jabi, Abuja Lagos Office 14/16 Ahmadu Bello Way Victoria Island, Lagos e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nou.edu.ng All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed 2021 ISBN: 978-978-058-092-6 ii CHM 303 COURSE GUIDE CONTENTS PAGE Introduction………………………………………………. iv What You Will Learn in This Course…………………….. iv Course Aim………………………………………………… iv Course Objectives…………………………………………. v Working through this Course……………………………… v The Course Materials……………………………………… v Study Sessions……………………………………………… vi Presentation Schedule……………………………………… vii Assessment………………………………………………… vii Tutor Marked Assignments ………………………………… vii Final Examination and Grading……………………………. vii Course Marking Scheme…………………………………… viii Facilitators/Tutors and Tutorials…………………………… viii iii CHM 303 COURSE GUIDE INTRODUCTION Inorganic Chemistry III course (CHM 303) is one of the core courses for the Bachelor of Science degree programme in Chemistry. It is a three- credit unit course at 300 level of the National Open University of Nigeria, designed for students with a fair background knowledge in inorganic Chemistry II course. This course gives an over view of the physical and chemical properties of the elements of the periodic table in addition to the extraction and purification of metals.
    [Show full text]
  • Group 18 - the Elements
    Group 18 - The Elements ! All found in minute quantities in air. • Argon is most abundant (and cheapest), comprising 0.934% of air by volume. ! Although rare on earth, helium is the second most abundant element in the universe (H, 76%; He, 23%), being a major component of stars. ! All radon isotopes are short-lived and are continuously being produced by natural decay processes. 222 • Longest lived isotope is Rn (á, t½ = 3.825 days). ! Condensed phases are held together by van der Waals forces, which increase smoothly down the group. Element b.p. (K) I (kJ/mol) He 4.18 2372 Ne 27.13 2080 Ar 87.29 1520 Kr 120.26 1351 Xe 166.06 1169 Rn 208.16 1037 Helium ! Helium is found in certain natural gas deposits (e.g., in Kansas), where it probably forms as a result of radioactive decay in the rocks. ! Because of its low boiling point, it is used widely in cryogenic applications. • Also used in airships (e.g., Goodyear blimp) and as a balloon filler. • Used as a fill gas for deep diving, because it is less soluble in blood than nitrogen, thus avoiding the "bends." ! The 4He isotope has the lowest know boiling point, 4.12 K, at which point it is called He-I. • On cooling to 2.178 K a phase transition to He-II occurs. • He-II has an expanded volume, almost no viscosity, and is superconducting. • He-II can readily flow uphill to equalize volumes in adjacent vessels. • It cannot be stored in glass Dewars, because it leaks through glass into the evacuated space, posing an explosion risk.
    [Show full text]
  • The Radiochemistry of Tungsten
    National Academy of Sciences !National Research Council NUCLEAR SCIENCE SERIES The Radiochemistry of Tungsten — ...—- L. F. C URTISS,Chairman ROBLEY D. EVANS, Vice Chairman NationalBureau ofStandards MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology J.A. DeJUREN, Secretary WestinghouseElectricCorporation C. J.BORKOWSKI J.W. IRVINE,JR. Oak RidgeNationalLaboratory MassachusettsI&tituteofTechnology ROBERT G. COCHRAN E. D. KLEMA Texas Agriculturaland Mechanical NorthwesternUniversity College W. WAYNE MEINKE SAMUEL EPSTEIN UniversityofMichigan CaliforniaInstituteofTechnology J.J.NICKSON Memorial Hospital,New York U. FANO NationalBureau ofStandards ROBERT L. PLATZMAN Laboratoirede Chimie Physique HERBERT GOLDSTEIN NuclearDevelopmentCorporationof D. M. VAN PATTER America BartolResearch Foundation LIAISON MEMBERS PAUL C. AEBERSOLD CHARLES K. REED Atomic Energy Commission U. S.Air Force J.HOWARD McMILLEN WILLIAM E. WRIGHT NationalScienceFoundation OfficeofNavalResearch SUBCOMMITTEE ON RADIOCHEMISTRY W. WAYNE MEINKE, Chai~man HAROLD KIRBY UniversityofMichigan Mound Laboratory GREGORY R. CHOPPIN GEORGE LEDDICOTTE FloridaStateUniversity Oak RidgeNationalLaboratory GEORGE A. COWAN JULIAN NIELSEN Los Alamos ScientificLaboratory HanfordLaboratories ARTHUR W. FAIRHALL ELLIS P. STEINBERG UniversityofWashington Argonne NationalLaboratory JEROME HUDIS PETER C. STEVENSON BrookhavenNationalLaboratory UniversityofCalifornia(Livermore) EARL HYDE LEO YAFFE UniversityofC slifornia(Berkeley) McGillUniversity CONSULTANTS NATHAN BALLOU JAMES DeVOE NavalRadiologicalDefenseLaboratory
    [Show full text]
  • The Periodic Table of Elements
    The Periodic Table of Elements 1 2 6 Atomic Number = Number of Protons = Number of Electrons HYDROGENH HELIUMHe 1 Chemical Symbol NON-METALS 4 3 4 C 5 6 7 8 9 10 Li Be CARBON Chemical Name B C N O F Ne LITHIUM BERYLLIUM = Number of Protons + Number of Neutrons* BORON CARBON NITROGEN OXYGEN FLUORINE NEON 7 9 12 Atomic Weight 11 12 14 16 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 SODIUMNa MAGNESIUMMg ALUMINUMAl SILICONSi PHOSPHORUSP SULFURS CHLORINECl ARGONAr 23 24 METALS 27 28 31 32 35 40 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 POTASSIUMK CALCIUMCa SCANDIUMSc TITANIUMTi VANADIUMV CHROMIUMCr MANGANESEMn FeIRON COBALTCo NICKELNi CuCOPPER ZnZINC GALLIUMGa GERMANIUMGe ARSENICAs SELENIUMSe BROMINEBr KRYPTONKr 39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 RUBIDIUMRb STRONTIUMSr YTTRIUMY ZIRCONIUMZr NIOBIUMNb MOLYBDENUMMo TECHNETIUMTc RUTHENIUMRu RHODIUMRh PALLADIUMPd AgSILVER CADMIUMCd INDIUMIn SnTIN ANTIMONYSb TELLURIUMTe IODINEI XeXENON 85 88 89 91 93 96 98 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131 55 56 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 CESIUMCs BARIUMBa HAFNIUMHf TANTALUMTa TUNGSTENW RHENIUMRe OSMIUMOs IRIDIUMIr PLATINUMPt AuGOLD MERCURYHg THALLIUMTl PbLEAD BISMUTHBi POLONIUMPo ASTATINEAt RnRADON 133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 209 210 222 87 88 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 FRANCIUMFr RADIUMRa RUTHERFORDIUMRf DUBNIUMDb SEABORGIUMSg BOHRIUMBh HASSIUMHs MEITNERIUMMt DARMSTADTIUMDs ROENTGENIUMRg COPERNICIUMCn NIHONIUMNh
    [Show full text]
  • (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0232532 A1 Larsen Et Al
    US 20080232532A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2008/0232532 A1 Larsen et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 25, 2008 (54) APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR Related U.S. Application Data GENERATION OF ULTRA LOW MOMENTUM NEUTRONS (60) Provisional application No. 60/676,264, filed on Apr. 29, 2005. Provisional application No. 60/715,622, filed on Sep. 9, 2005. (76) Inventors: Lewis G. Larsen, Chicago, IL (US); Alan Widom, Brighton, MA (US) Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. Correspondence Address: H05H 3/06 (2006.01) COOK, ALEX, MCFARRON, MANZO, (52) U.S. Cl. .............................................................. 376/108 CUMMINGS & MEHLER LTD (57) ABSTRACT SUTE 28SO Method and apparatus for generating ultra low momentum 2OO WESTADAMS STREET neutrons (ULMNS) using Surface plasmon polariton elec CHICAGO, IL 60606 (US) trons, hydrogen isotopes, Surfaces of metallic Substrates, col Appl. No.: 11/912,793 lective many-body effects, and weak interactions in a con (21) trolled manner. The ULMNs can be used to trigger nuclear PCT Filed: Apr. 28, 2006 transmutation reactions and produce heat. One aspect of the (22) present invention effectively provides a “transducer mecha (86) PCT NO.: PCT/US06/16379 nism that permits controllable two-way transfers of energy back-and-forth between chemical and nuclear realms in a S371(c)(1), Small-scale, low-energy, Scalable condensed matter system at (2), (4) Date: Oct. 26, 2007 comparatively modest temperatures and pressures. 1222222 Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2008 Sheet 1 of 8 US 2008/0232532 A1 Patent Application Publication Sep. 25, 2008 Sheet 3 of 8 US 2008/0232532 A1 & N.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemistry of the Noble Gases*
    CHEMISTRY OF THE NOBLE GASES* By Professor K. K. GREE~woon , :.\I.Sc., sc.D .. r".lU.C. University of N ewca.stle 1tpon Tyne The inert gases, or noble gases as they are elements were unsuccessful, and for over now more appropriately called, are a remark­ 60 years they epitomized chemical inertness. able group of elements. The lightest, helium, Indeed, their electron configuration, s2p6, was recognized in the gases of the sun before became known as 'the stable octet,' and this it was isolated on ea.rth as its name (i]A.tos) fotmed the basis of the fit·st electronic theory implies. The first inert gas was isolated in of valency in 1916. Despite this, many 1895 by Ramsay and Rayleigh; it was named people felt that it should be possible to induce argon (apy6s, inert) and occurs to the extent the inert gases to form compounds, and many of 0·93% in the earth's atmosphere. The of the early experiments directed to this end other gases were all isolated before the turn have recently been reviewed.l of the century and were named neon (v€ov, There were several reasons why chemists new), krypton (KpVn'TOV, hidden), xenon believed that the inert gases might form ~€vov, stmnger) and radon (radioactive chemical compounds under the correct con­ emanation). Though they occur much less ditions. For example, the ionization poten­ abundantly than argon they cannot strictly tial of xenon is actually lower than those of be called rare gases; this can be illustrated hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fl uorine and by calculating the volumes occupied a.t s.t.p.
    [Show full text]
  • Radiochemistry and Uranium Laboratories
    HAZEN RESEARCH, INC. Analytical Department Superfun4Recoi er SITE: J 4601 Indiana St., Golden, CO 80403 303-279-4501 BREAK: OTHER: QUALITY MANUAL Radiochemistry and Uranium Laboratories Policies and Procedures Established to meet NELAC Quality Systems Standards Reviewed, Acknowledged, and Approved by: Signature Date Bill Youngclaus Bench Chemist Richard Oberto Senior Chemist Ann Strapac Lab Technician Eve DelaFuente Group Supervisor s* 'A*/ Robert Rostad Laboratory Manager John C. Jarvis Laboratory Director QA Officer Eleventh Revision, 3/8/2000 Quality Manual Page 1 Radiochemistry Laboratory Revision 11 Hazen Research Inc. 3/8/2000 TABLE of CONTENTS 1.0 Laboratory Description and Quality Statement 1.1 Laboratory Profile 4 1.2 Management Quality Statement 4 1.3 Laboratory Organization 5 2.0 Personnel 2.1 Job Descriptions and Responsibilities 5 2.2 Training 5 2.3 Resumes 6 2.4 Director's Certifications 6 2.5 Employee Signatures and Initials 6 3.0 Facilities 3.1 General Description 6 3.2 Hazen Campus Map 7 3.3 Analytical Department Floor Plan 7 4.0 Licenses and Laboratory Certifications 7 5.0 Methodology 5.1 Standard Operating Procedures 8 5.2 Radium-226 (ZnS scintillation counting) 8 5.3 Radium-226 (alpha spectrometry) 8 5.4 Radium-228 8 5.5 Thorium-230 9 5.6 Polonium-210. 9 5.7 Lead-210 10 5.8 Gross Alpha, Beta 10 5.9 Uranium 10 5.10 Radiocesium 11 5.11 Radiostrontium. 11 5.12 Tritium 12 5.13 Radon 12 5.14 Method Exceptions and Departures 12 5.15 Employee SOP Certification 13 continued next page Quality Manual Page 2 Radiochemistry Laboratory Revision 11 Hazen Research Inc.
    [Show full text]