Senior Secondary Assessment Board of South Australia Annual Report
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Australian Democrats.[1]
CHIPP, Donald Leslie (1925–2006)Senator, Victoria, 1978–86 (Austral... http://biography.senate.gov.au/chipp-donald-leslie/ http://biography.senate.gov.au/chipp-donald-leslie/ Don Chipp's Senate career almost never happened. Dropped from Malcolm Fraser's Liberal Party ministry in December 1975, he turned this career blow into an opportunity to fight for the causes in which he believed. The result of Chipp's personal and political upheaval was the creation of a third force in Australian politics, the Australian Democrats.[1] Donald Leslie Chipp was born in Melbourne on 21 August 1925, the first child of Leslie Travancore Chipp and his wife Jessie Sarah, née McLeod. Don's father Les was a fitter and turner who later became a foreman. With Les in regular employment during the 1930s, the Chipp family was cushioned from some of the harsher aspects of the Depression years. However, the economic downturn must have had some impact, because Don remembered his father saying to his four boys that 'When you all grow up, I want you to be wearing white collars. White collars, that's what you should aim at'. Chipp matriculated from Northcote High School at the age of fifteen, then worked as a clerk for the State Electricity Commission (SEC). He also began studying part-time for a Bachelor of Commerce at the University of Melbourne. In 1943, at age eighteen, he joined the Royal Australian Air Force, and spent much of the last two years of the Second World War undergoing pilot training within Australia. Discharged as a Leading Aircraftman in September 1945, Chipp took advantage of the Commonwealth Reconstruction Training Scheme which provided ex-service personnel with subsidised tuition and living allowances. -
Australian Electoral Systems
Parliament of Australia Department of Parliamentary Services Parliamentary Library Information, analysis and advice for the Parliament RESEARCH PAPER www.aph.gov.au/library 21 August 2007, no. 5, 2007–08, ISSN 1834-9854 Australian electoral systems Scott Bennett and Rob Lundie Politics and Public Administration Section Executive summary The Australian electorate has experienced three types of voting system—First Past the Post, Preferential Voting and Proportional Representation (Single Transferable Vote). First Past the Post was used for the first Australian parliamentary elections held in 1843 for the New South Wales Legislative Council and for most colonial elections during the second half of the nineteenth century. Since then there have been alterations to the various electoral systems in use around the country. These alterations have been motivated by three factors: a desire to find the ‘perfect’ system, to gain political advantage, or by the need to deal with faulty electoral system arrangements. Today, two variants of Preferential Voting and two variants of Proportional Representation are used for all Australian parliamentary elections. This paper has two primary concerns: firstly, explaining in detail the way each operates, the nature of the ballot paper and how the votes are counted; and secondly, the political consequences of the use of each system. Appendix 1 gives examples of other Australian models used over the years and Appendix 2 lists those currently in use in Commonwealth elections as well as in the states and territories. y Under ‘Full’ Preferential Voting each candidate must be given a preference by the voter. This system favours the major parties; can sometimes award an election to the party that wins fewer votes than its major opponent; usually awards the party with the largest number of votes a disproportionate number of seats; and occasionally gives benefits to the parties that manufacture a ‘three-cornered contest’ in a particular seat. -
Women in the Federal Parliament
PAPERS ON PARLIAMENT Number 17 September 1992 Trust the Women Women in the Federal Parliament Published and Printed by the Department of the Senate Parliament House, Canberra ISSN 1031-976X Papers on Parliament is edited and managed by the Research Section, Senate Department. All inquiries should be made to: The Director of Research Procedure Office Senate Department Parliament House CANBERRA ACT 2600 Telephone: (06) 277 3061 The Department of the Senate acknowledges the assistance of the Department of the Parliamentary Reporting Staff. First published 1992 Reprinted 1993 Cover design: Conroy + Donovan, Canberra Note This issue of Papers on Parliament brings together a collection of papers given during the first half of 1992 as part of the Senate Department's Occasional Lecture series and in conjunction with an exhibition on the history of women in the federal Parliament, entitled, Trust the Women. Also included in this issue is the address given by Senator Patricia Giles at the opening of the Trust the Women exhibition which took place on 27 February 1992. The exhibition was held in the public area at Parliament House, Canberra and will remain in place until the end of June 1993. Senator Patricia Giles has represented the Australian Labor Party for Western Australia since 1980 having served on numerous Senate committees as well as having been an inaugural member of the World Women Parliamentarians for Peace and, at one time, its President. Dr Marian Sawer is Senior Lecturer in Political Science at the University of Canberra, and has written widely on women in Australian society, including, with Marian Simms, A Woman's Place: Women and Politics in Australia. -
OH 833 KANCK, Sandra [USE COPY
STATE LIBRARY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA J. D. SOMERVILLE ORAL HISTORY COLLECTION OH 833 Edited transcript of an interview with SANDRA KANCK on 26 October 2007 By Alison McDougall For the EMINENT AUSTRALIANS ORAL HISTORY PROJECT Recording available on CD Access for research: Unrestricted Right to photocopy: Copies may be made for research and study Right to quote or publish: Publication only with written permission from the State Library 1 OH 833 SANDRA KANCK NOTES TO THE TRANSCRIPT This transcript was created by the J. D. Somerville Oral History Collection of the State Library. It conforms to the Somerville Collection's policies for transcription which are explained below. Readers of this oral history transcript should bear in mind that it is a record of the spoken word and reflects the informal, conversational style that is inherent in such historical sources. The State Library is not responsible for the factual accuracy of the interview, nor for the views expressed therein. As with any historical source, these are for the reader to judge. It is the Somerville Collection's policy to produce a transcript that is, so far as possible, a verbatim transcript that preserves the interviewee's manner of speaking and the conversational style of the interview. Certain conventions of transcription have been applied (ie. the omission of meaningless noises, false starts and a percentage of the interviewee's crutch words). Where the interviewee has had the opportunity to read the transcript, their suggested alterations have been incorporated in the text (see below). On the whole, the document can be regarded as a raw transcript. -
Todd Farrell Thesis
The Australian Greens: Realignment Revisited in Australia Todd Farrell Submitted in fulfilment for the requirements of the Doctorate of Philosophy Swinburne University of Technology Faculty of Health, Arts and Design School of Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities 2020 ii I declare that this thesis does not incorporate without acknowledgement any material previously submitted for a degree in any university or another educational institution and to the best of my knowledge and belief it does not contain any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text. iii ABSTRACT Scholars have traditionally characterised Australian politics as a stable two-party system that features high levels of partisan identity, robust democratic features and strong electoral institutions (Aitkin 1982; McAllister 2011). However, this characterisation masks substantial recent changes within the Australian party system. Growing dissatisfaction with major parties and shifting political values have altered the partisan contest, especially in the proportionally- represented Senate. This thesis re-examines partisan realignment as an explanation for party system change in Australia. It draws on realignment theory to argue that the emergence and sustained success of the Greens represents a fundamental shift in the Australian party system. Drawing from Australian and international studies on realignment and party system reform, the thesis combines an historical institutionalist analysis of the Australian party system with multiple empirical measurements of Greens partisan and voter support. The historical institutionalist approach demonstrates how the combination of subnational voting mechanisms, distinctly postmaterialist social issues, federal electoral strategy and a weakened Labor party have driven a realignment on the centre-left of Australian politics substantial enough to transform the Senate party system. -
Senate Brief No. 3
No. 3 January 2021 Women in the Senate Women throughout Australia have had the right national Parliament (refer to the table on page 6). to vote in elections for the national Parliament for more than one hundred years. For all that time, There were limited opportunities to vote for women they have also had the right to sit in the before the end of the Second World War, as few Australian Parliament. women stood for election. Between 1903 and 1943 only 26 women in total nominated for election for Australia was the first country in the world to either house. give most women both the right to vote and the right to stand for Parliament when, in 1902, No woman was endorsed by a major party as a the federal Parliament passed legislation to candidate for the Senate before the beginning of the provide for a uniform franchise throughout the Second World War. Overwhelmingly dominated by Commonwealth. In spite of this early beginning, men, the established political parties saw men as it was 1943 before a woman was elected to the being more suited to advancing their political causes. Senate or the House of Representatives. As of It was thought that neither men nor women would September 2020, there are 46 women in the vote for female candidates. House of Representatives, and 39 of the 76 Many early feminists distrusted the established senators are women. parties, as formed by men and protective of men’s The Commonwealth Franchise Act 1902 stated interests. Those who presented themselves as that ‘all persons not under twenty-one years of age candidates did so as independents or on the tickets of whether male or female married or unmarried’ minor parties. -
PRG 1618/Box 1/Folder 1: Family Memorabilia, Photos and Slides of Janine and Family, and a Drawing in Charcoal and Pencil on Paper of Janine Haines (PRG 1618/1/1/1)
______________________________________________________________________________ Haines, Janine PRG 1618 Papers of Janine Haines Box List ______________________________________________________________________________ PRG 1618/ box 1: PRG 1618/box 1/folder 1: Family memorabilia, photos and slides of Janine and family, and a drawing in charcoal and pencil on paper of Janine Haines (PRG 1618/1/1/1). To view additional photographs in this folder do an ARCHIVAL NUMBER search for PRG 1618/1/1/1, 5-6. Folder includes: ‘Adelaide Church Guardian’ April 1995 – front page ‘Politician speaks out at St Pauls’. Transcript 15 March 1990 ABC interview for ‘7.30 Report’ on AD [Australian Democrats] policy for Federal election. Paul Lyneham questions JH [Janine Haines]. Script ‘A Sort of Crusade’ undated but post 1990 16 Dec 1991. Jocelyn Scott’s cover letter for edited chapter to go into ‘Breaking Through’. Letter 13 Dec 91 from Harry Evans req memorabilia for exhibition ‘Women in the Federal Parliament’ to be opened 27 Feb 92. Ann Millar ref. Script Laura Whelan speaks to JH [Janine Haines] in Adelaide. No date, but mostly covers ‘Suffrage to Sufferance’ material. Undated letter and brief CV to Marilyn Waring. Includes mention of my exp of reviewing ‘Playing the State’ for Sept’s ABR. 1991 set of notes for Candidates Skills Training session to be held at 711 South Road 19 May. Some astute advice. PRG 1618/box 1/folder 2: ‘PAC Returns’ AM honours list NCW of SA note. PRG 1618/box 1/folder 3: Congratulatory letters. June 2001. PRG 1618/box 1/folder 4: Congratulatory letters, including those from Gough Whitlam, Phillip Adams, Mike Rann, Eric Neal, John Olsen and Bob Carr. -
Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Conference of the Samuel Griffith
Chapter Four Independents and Minor Parties in the Commonwealth Parliament J. B. Paul I accepted Julian Leeser’s invitation to address the Society on this subject without a second thought. Had I thought twice about it I might have queried him on a vexing problem: how to compress this subject into a presentation confined to thirty minutes. It follows that my fully prepared statement will have to be published with the other papers. The first and shorter part of this paper will deal with the House of Representatives; the second and more important part will deal with the Senate. The House of Representatives Two factors have limited the role of Independents and minor parties in the House: it comprises single-member constituencies and two succeeding electoral systems have governed its elections. From 1901 to 1918 the simple majority/plurality system applied. This has been misnamed “first-past-the-post”: a misnomer because there was no fixed post for the winning candidate to get past. Independents found it difficult to top the poll against candidates endorsed by political parties. Independents found their position more favourable under the preferential system introduced in 1918 especially when a seat was being contested by three or more candidates. If the count went to preferences an Independent could move to a winning position from behind with each distribution. Not that this happened often! I would isolate two examples when an Independent has succeeded. In the 1922 election, a prominent leader of the Victorian Bar, J G Latham, KC, contested and won the seat of Kooyong, then held by a grandee of the Nationalist Party, Sir Robert Best. -
Proportional Representation in Theory and Practice the Australian Experience
Proportional Representation in Theory and Practice The Australian Experience Glynn Evans Department of Politics and International Relations School of Social Sciences The University of Adelaide June 2019 Table of Contents Abstract ii Statement of Authorship iii Acknowledgements iv Preface vi 1. Introduction 1 2. District Magnitude, Proportionality and the Number of 30 Parties 3. District Magnitude and Partisan Advantage in the 57 Senate 4. District Magnitude and Partisan Advantage in Western 102 Australia 5. District Magnitude and Partisan Advantage in South Eastern Jurisdictions 132 6. Proportional Representation and Minor Parties: Some 170 Deviating Cases 7. Does Proportional Representation Favour 204 Independents? 8. Proportional Representation and Women – How Much 231 Help? 9. Conclusion 247 Bibliography 251 Appendices 260 i Abstract While all houses of Australian parliaments using proportional representation use the Single Transferable Vote arrangement, district magnitudes (the numbers of members elected per division) and requirements for casting a formal vote vary considerably. Early chapters of this thesis analyse election results in search for distinct patterns of proportionality, the numbers of effective parties and partisan advantage under different conditions. This thesis argues that while district magnitude remains the decisive factor in determining proportionality (the higher the magnitude, the more proportional the system), ballot paper numbering requirements play a more important role in determining the number of (especially) parliamentary parties. The general pattern is that, somewhat paradoxically, the more freedom voters have to choose their own preference allocations, or lack of them, the smaller the number of parliamentary parties. Even numbered magnitudes in general, and six member divisions in particular, provide some advantage to the Liberal and National Parties, while the Greens are disadvantaged in five member divisions as compared to six or seven member divisions. -
Parliamentary History Advisory Committee Western Australia and The
PARLIAMENTARY HISTORY ADVISORY COMMITTEE WESTERN AUSTRALIA AND THE STATE LIBRARY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA Transcript of an interview with Helen Hodgson b. 1961- STATE LIBRARY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA - ORAL HISTORY COLLECTION DATE OF INTERVIEW: 1 December 2008 INTERVIEWER: Ron Chapman TRANSCRIBER: Hansard – Parliament of Western Australia DURATION: 2 hours 3 minutes REFERENCE NUMBER: OH3879 COPYRIGHT: Parliament of Western Australia and Library Board of Western Australia NOTE TO READER Readers of this oral history memoir should bear in mind that it is a verbatim transcript of the spoken word and reflects the informal, conversational style that is inherent in such historical sources. The Parliament and the State Library are not responsible for the factual accuracy of the memoir, nor for the views expressed therein; these are for the reader to judge. Bold type face indicates a difference between transcript and tape, as a result of corrections made to the transcript only, usually at the request of the person interviewed. FULL CAPITALS in the text indicate a word or words emphasised by the person interviewed. Square brackets [ ] are used for insertions not in the original tape. INTRODUCTION This is an interview with Helen Hodgson for the Parliamentary Oral History Project and the J S Battye Library of West Australian History. Helen Hodgson was born in Bristol, England, on 19 August 1961 and came to Western Australia in 1964 when her family emigrated. Her parents were both teachers who were keenly interested in social and political issues and Helen believes it was largely her father's influence which stimulated her interest in politics. During the first part of the interview, Helen Hodgson reminiscences about her family life, her education at Perth Modern School, and her decision to study for a business/law degree at Curtin University. -
Profile: Janet Powell
8 COLUMNS Powell's own political aspirations 1986 to fill Don Chipp's casual lay dormant for two decades, mainly vacancy and was elected Senator for spent acquiring education, then Victoria (six-year term) in July 1987. taking it back to her hometown as a Between 1986 and 1990 she has been teacher where she married and spokesperson on Primary Industry, began a family. During the teachers' Communications, Social Security, strikes of the 70s, Powell's ire was Administrative Services, Consumer roused by the lousy pay and ine Affairs, Community Services and quality of her profession. "All Health. teachers were severely underpaid, especially women. I knew men who Powell has made her mark in a few had failed at university but were get areas - she was the first woman to ting paid more." have a Private Member's Bill passed, resulting in a tobacco advertising A trip to the United States with her ban in Victoria. But her major focus teacher husband introduced them to has been women, and she is proud to life on the edge of a black ghetto and claim the Democrats as the only PROFILE this further fuelled her desire to Australian party to fairly represent press for social change. "I felt what the electorate - four of the party's we had in Australia was much more eight Senators are women. egalitarian and worth fighting for." Janet Powell The most encouraging sign for the When she came home things moved Democrats was the March election It is probably safe to say Janet quickly. It was 1975 - the time of the result which increased their share of sacking of the Labor go. -
Download the South Australian Chapter
Chapter 7 – South Australia Early voting state was always lacking convictions “The founders of South Australia had a vision for a colony with political and religious freedoms, together with opportunities for wealth through business and pastoral investments.”1 An early attempt to form a council for civil liberties in SA occurred in April 1950, probably as part of an expansionist push out of Melbourne. The main local newspaper, The Advertiser, reported on 14 April 1950: The honorary secretary of the SA Council of Civil Liberties (Padre H.P. Hodge) said last night that a conference of trade unionists, church bodies and other associations would be held in the Trades Hall at 8 p.m. on May 28 to set up a permanent organisation to implement council’s objectives2. Don Dunstan (photo3), former Premier of South Australia, argued that the state’s origins lay in non-conformist radicals, who believed in separation of church and state, and in democratic political reform. There were no convicts sent to SA, as its residents frequently point out, and settlers who believed in Chartism brought from the UK a philosophy of reform, embodied in The People’s Charter. The argument goes that SA went through a period of conservatism with (Sir Thomas) Playford as leader for 27 straight years, but prior to that and subsequently, SA was a small ‘l’ liberal society. SA introduced male franchise in 1856, the Torrens title for ownership and sale of land, and the separation of church and state in schools. The British non-conformist tradition was strong. Cited in further evidence are the reforms of Charles Cameron Kingston, who brought in workers compensation in the 1890s, also votes for women, and enabling women to stand for parliament.