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14176 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

A MISSION DISASTROUS are words as foreign to them as Swahlll 1s to essential to free governmen~. Its legal pro­ Floridians. tection will be hollow, as Alexander Ha.mll­ Secretary Kissinger set off his African ex­ ton predicted, and its freedom will become pedition with the professed alms of helping a sham. HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. achieve a peaceful transition to majority rule The press has gradually learned that It has OJ' VIRGINIA In and weakening Soviet infiuence the inescapable obligation to Ulumlnate the IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES in Africa. reality behind the appearance. If following The effect of his trlp 1s most likely to be an that course tends to place the press in an Mondav, Mav 17, 1976 escalation of violence, since the extremists adversary position vis-a-vis not only gov­ now have the lmplled backing of the United ernment but any and all other institutions, Mr. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. Mr. Presi­ States for an all-out campaign against dent, the ably edited Tampa, Fla., Trib­ so much the better for us and for them, and Rhodesia--a country in which blacks have most of all for the public. The adversary une published an excellent editorial on more freedom and a higher standard of living position is Indeed the natural position for a Secretary Kissinger's African trip--and than 1n most of the black-ruled countries. press that takes seriously its responslb111ty to promises. I ask unanimous consent that When Kissinger began hls trip, we said it uncover what is wrong or corrupt in public this editorial, captioned "A Mission was a Mission Impossible. We would now call llfe, or with private Institutions or individu­ Disastrous," be printed in the RECORD. it a Mission Disastrous. als whose activities affect the public inter­ There being no objection, the article est. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, But a much more ditncult problem is the as follows: obverse of this one. Does the press not also [From the Tampa Tribune] CONFIDENCE IN THE PRESS have the responsib1llty of making the judg­ ment not to publish, the responsibUity of A MissiON DISASTROUS self-restraint, of withholding a potentially secretary of State , report­ dangerous secret, or refusing to publish de­ ing to the Senate Foreign Relations Com­ HON. ELIZABETH HOLTZMAN tails that could damage the nation's security mittee ... on his trip to black Africa: OF NEW YORK or an individual's reputation? "We made, I believe, an immense and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The dilemma is a terribly real one. No welcome impact in Africa on those ... who newspaperman wants to damage the national truly care for peace, independence and jus­ Monday, May 17, 1976 security; and yet no newspaperxnan any long­ tice." er places full faith and credit 1n the phrase Mr. Kissinger 1n this statement exceeds Ms. HOLTZMAN. Mr. Speaker, in a "national security" which has so often been ~ven the diplomatic license for hypocrisy. democratic society, the perpetual tug of used as a wrapper to clothe error, venality, Who are those who "truly care for peace, war between liberty and order frequently corruption or even a drift toward authoritar­ independence and justice"? is waged over the limits on freedom of is.nism and personal rule. Idi Amln, the dictator of Uganda, aptly de­ scribed by former United Nations Ambas­ the press. John Oakes, an editor of the However each time that Information al­ sador Pat Moynihan as "a racist murderer"? New York Times, recently made an im­ legedly Involving national security Is pub­ , leader of the Communist portant contribution to this debate in an lished In the American press, the ~uestlon is band which has made a pollee state of article that appeared on the Op Ed page unavoidable: Are we taking undue advan­ ? of that paper. I commend his article to tage of our First Amendment privilege to the President Kenneth Kaunda of , who my colleague's attention. detriment of the nation, or are we acting in deals with polltlcal opponents by throwing the publ1c Interest? Each case must be de­ them in jall? The text follows: cided on its merits, but each case legitimately The Marxist dictator of , Julius CONFIDENCE IN THE PRESS raises the question anew. K. Nyerere, who aids the training of ter­ (By John B. Oakes) Freedom of the press in the United States rorlsts to operate against Rhodesia? (What 1s the Uberty of the press? ... Its today Is under more serious attack than at secretary Kissinger knows that 15 of the security, whatever fine declaration may be any time since the Sedition Act nearly two 49 countries 1n Africa are under direct mili­ inserted in any constitution respecting it, centuries ago. As the press has assumed the tary rule and 29 have one-party governments must altogether depend on public opinion, responsib111ty in recent years of inquiring which brook no opposition. Of the only five and on the general spirit of the people and Into the hidden recesses of government-­ which permit more than one political party of the government.-AZexander Hamilton) executive, legislative and judicial-the reac­ to offer candidates, one 1s the country which The experience of Watergate is the most tion on the part of governing authority has was the principal target of the Kissinger ex­ recent demonstration that a free press is es­ been to attempt to place new and unaccus­ pedition: Rhodesia. sential to a free democracy. Yet, ironically, tomed restrictions on it. In his effort to gain favor with the black­ just as government because of its size and The attacks take various forms. One used ruled governments, Mr. Kissinger promised complexity has distanced itself from the in­ with growing frequency, Is the "gag order," a "unrelenting opposition" to white control in dividual citizen, the press has been dis­ kind of prior censorship forbidding the press Rhodesia and South Africa. tancing ltseU from the individual reader at to publish certain material on the ground He also promised to tighten the economic the very moment when democracy needs lt that to do so would endanger the defendant's squeeze on Rhodesia by funnellng American most. strictions upon It. aid to its hostile neighbors (notably Mozam­ The intimate, almost personal, relation­ The First Amendment's guarantees and the bique) and trying again to persuade Congress ship between newspaper and reader of an Sixth Amendment's guarantee of trial by to cut off U.S. imports of Rhodesian chrome. earlier day has declined; and the consequent an impartial jury may often on occasion The secretary represented these policies as growing alienation of public from press conflict; the question is a real one and is necessary to deter further Soviet-Cuban in­ threatens even greater danger to press free­ under constant scrutiny and discussion by tervention of the kind which won and dom than specific legislative or judicial re­ both press and courts. But lt would surely be to assure favorable treatment of American straints about which we are so rightly con­ better to impose sanctions on otncers of the interests in Africa. cerned. court to forestall leaks, and use other devices "Our chrome imports would be greatly en­ As the confidence of Americans in all our such as sequestration of juries and changes dangered," he told the Senators, 1! the black institutions has been weakened, as our so­ of venue than to Introduce censorship nationalists take over Rhodesia without ciety has at the same time become more through loose employment of the gag order, American support. complex, more broadly sophisticated and less as is done so often at present. Surely, Mr. Kissinger doesn't delude him­ trustful, and as newspaper management has Slmilarly, the repeated use of the sub­ self that his efforts to appease the African tended to move steadily away from the per­ poena power in recent years to force news­ radicals wlll either block Soviet imperialism sonally directed journalism of an Individual papermen to testify before a grand jury or or assure a permanent supply of Rhodesian editor toward the impersonality of a corpo­ to reveal their sources in criminal cases rep­ chrome for our strategic industries. rate structure, the newspaper's direct rela­ resents another potentially crippling attack If the black nationalists overthrow the tionship to the public has become more on press and publlc freedom, for the very present Rhodesian government, they will feel strained; and public understanding of the basic reason that confidentlali ty of sources free to shut off chrome supplles or quadruple inextricable connection between press liberty fs at the heart of the newspaper's ability to the price to the u.s. as suits their purposes. and publlc Uberty has been correspondingly function. They can be expected to act in concert with blurred. But the press does not help its case by Russia, the other principal source of supply. But once the publlc becomes convinced­ insisting on an absolutist position, on re­ As for good wlll? In the African dictator­ however wrongly-that the press does not garding the First Amendment as automati­ ships, to borrow a phrase from Mao, it grows deserve that First Amendment guarantee, cally overriding every other provision of the out of the barrel of a gun. "Peace and justice" which was written into the Constitution as Constitution, not to mention common sense. May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14177

The press Is not going to retain-or regain­ mittee only as a last resort. It was our belief moved the restrictions and reverter clause public confidence 1! it is perceived to be that the serious public charges raised during from all the property originally transferred constantly arrogant, unwilling to recognize the past year about the activities of Rep­ by the 1948 Act including the Holiday Isle confiicting rights, or not too concerned about resentative Robert Sikes presented precisely property. maintaining the most rigid standards to pro­ the kind of matter that the House Ethics The removal of these restrictions was of tect and preserve its own integrity. Committee was establlshed to investigate and substantial benefit to the value of an the Newspapermen have a special obUgation rule upon. In past years investigations have la.nd transferred by the 1948 Act, including to retain public confidence through conscious been undertaken by Congress on its own the Holiday Isle property. Prior to the re­ and deliberate effort to open ourselves to initiative regarding the conduct Qf members moval of the restrictions, CBS Development the publlc, to pay particular attention to based on serious public charges. One such had paid no gross receipts taxes to its land­ complaints of unfairness, inaccuracy, bias, investigation, that of Representative Adam lord, the Okaloosa. Island Authority. In the vindictiveness-that is, to make ourselves Clayton Powell, helped lead to the 1968 de­ ten year period following the removal of voluntarily accountable. Some newspapers cision to create this committee. No member the restrictions in the deed transferring have already gone a considerable distance tn of Congress, however, was prepared to take the Holiday Isle, CBS Corp. paid the Island doing just this-but not many and certainly the steps necessary to assure that the issues Authority approximately $19,173 in taxes. not enough. raised about Representatives Sikes would be Since this fee represented one percent of If there comes to be a widespread publlc reviewed by Congress. gross receipts, according to the CBS arrange­ conviction that the press is a closed institu­ we have therefore prepared and trans­ ment with the Okaloosa Island Authority, tion and therefore not to be trusted, or that mitted a complaint to the Committee. We the gross receipts to CBS for the ten-year the press is Willing to defy the national in· consider the issues involved in this case of period following removal of the reverter terest or trample on individual rights merely such a nature as to represent a fundamen­ clauses were in excess of $1.9 million. to sell papers, the First Amendment protec­ tal test of whether members of Congress and According to Representative Sikes, Holiday tions may indeed crumble before the com­ this Committee are willing to take seriously Isle leases were disposed of in mid-1972 for bined assault of legislatures and courts. The their ethical obligations as elected public $600,000. While CBS Development Corp. was result, as President David Truman of Mount officials. dissolved in 1973, according to Representa­ Holyoke College recently said, wm be ..far The case set forth in our complaint, we tive Sikes, he still continued as of May 30, more damaging to the national interest than believe, creates an obligation on the Com­ 1975, to receive some income from Holiday any [restrictions] resulting from a responsi­ mittee to conduct an investigation. The in­ Isle leases. ble self-restraint by the press." vestigation should review the facts we have The final picture here is clear. Representa­ The legal right inherent 1n the F1rst brought to the Committee's attention and tive Sikes has sponsored and shepherded Amendment carries with it a moral obliga­ any other relevant facts, and should consider through Congress legislation designed to tion. a kind of moral compact between press the appllcation of the various rules we have increase the value of a relatively small piece and people. This is not something that can referred to plus any other relevant rules, of property, a slgniftcant piece of which was be enforced; but it is something that the regulations or standards of conduct. The full leased by a corporation in which he was a press Will ignore at its own and the coun­ House of Representatives, of course, has the principal shareholder. His actions, without try's peril. ultimate responsib111ty to decide these mat­ disclosure to the Congress of his personal ters. financial interest, constitute a clear cut con­ filet of interest. Representative Sikes• only The complaint is based on information that defense is that it came as a complete sur­ STATEMENT OF MR. FRED WER­ has been gathered from public documents, prise to him that Holiday Isle was bene­ and statements by Representative Sikes, by fiting from his efforts. He is thus relying THEIM:ER OF COMMON CAUSE Common Cause staff members operating un­ SUBMITI'ED TO THE HOUSE COM­ on a highly unusual claim, that he did not der my supervision. As a private organiza­ k.now that he was dealing with his own MITTEE ON STANDARDS OF OF­ tion. without subpoena power, we have gath­ property. Certainly, in the words of the FICIAL CONDUCT ered as much information as we could under Code of Ethics, Representative Sikes sought these limitations. There are numerous ques­ and accepted "benefits under circumstances tions to be pursued which can now only be which might be construed by reasonable HON. DONALD M. FRASER resolved in the course of an investigation by persons as infiuencing the performance of this Committee. his governmental duties." OF MINNESOTA We have brought before this Committee in FIRST NAVY BANK IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our complaint allegations that deal with Representative Robert Sikes' personal finan­ During the periods 1965-1966, and 1972, Monday, May 17, 1976 cial holdings in three areas: the CBS Devel­ Representative Sikes provided assistance to persons seeking to organize the First Navy Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, on May 6 opment Corp, the First Navy Bank, and Fair­ child Industries. Bank, in their efforts to replace the Florida and 7, 1976, the gentleman from First National Bs.nk at the Pensacola Naval Florida

. . May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14187 and analyses. The national ambient air qual­ Assisting in the entrenchment of tempo­ lie relations functions would be eliminated ity standards for sulfur dioxide were set rary agencies is, however, not among entirely. before the CHESS studies even began, and the them. This tradition has, over the years, You really wouldn't know that the FEA emission standards for power plants are based led to an enormous growth in the Fed­ could revert if you listened to the Adminis­ on the ambient standards, not on CHESS. erai bureaucracy and corresponding in­ tration and the FEA. Faced with a June 30 CHESS has indeed been cited to support expiration date and mandatory language in EPA's case for controls on power plants con­ crease in the Federal budget. the FEA act stating that he must submit a verting from oil or gas to coal, and to but­ The more difficult yet more responsi­ report to Congress on whether or not he tress EPA's opposition to the use of disper­ ble course of action would be to reconcile wants FEA renewed, as well as what he plans sion techniques to control pollution-but the necessary functions of the FEA to to do if it isn't renewed, the President sent It is only one among many supporting permanently constituted agencies of to Congress on February 16, 1976, a. month studies. Government already possessing the nec­ and a half late, a brief one page letter saying CHESS is only one. In some cases, CHESS essary administrative personnel and ex­ it seemed to him it should be renewed. This was not even a factor in establishing federal pertise, rather than permanently is a far cry from what the law requests. I standards. have written to the President regarding this authorizing yet another layer of action and would like my correspondence in­ By the end of the long day, Finklea had to emerged With his reputation largely restored. bureaucracy. The savings taxpayers cluded at the end of my statement. Even those congressmen who asked the most would be substantial. Faced with a June 30 cut-off of his job, hostile questions stressed that they were not Representative PATRICIA SCHROEDER, in FEA Administrator Frank G. Zarb talks in questioning his integrity. But the avalanche testimony before the Senate Appropria­ his budget submission to your subcommittee of support for Finklea proved disquieting to tions Committee on April 8, 1976, pre­ of "the next decade" at the FEA, and that some. Witness Buechley claimed that some sented an admirable overview of the ''FEA's fundamental mission now and in the EPA scientists who had been critical of case against extending the FEA and future wlll be to formulate energy policies CHESS in conversations With him [and pre­ offered responsible alternatives to FEA that wlll most effectively solve . . . " the sumably with journalist Rood as well] sang problems of America's energy shortage. This a different tune when called upon to testify. extension. For the benefits of those who is a far cry from the short term intention of Rood, who attended the hearing, declined to did not have the opportunity to review Congress. in comment afterward but gave no indication the testimony, I insert it the RECORD. The FEA began in 1974 as a group of em­ he does not stand behind his original piece. STATEMENT OF CONGRESSWOMAN PATRICIA ployees transferred from other agencies. Sec­ Some congressmen said that, in exonerat­ SCHROEDER BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON tion 6 of Public Law 93-275 made the pri­ ing Finklea, they did not intend to endorse THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AND mary transfers: from the Department of the EPA's sulfur oxides program. They noted that RELATED AGENCIES OF THE SENATE COMMIT­ Interior, the Office of Petroleum Allocation, the CHESS monograph had been prepared in TEE ON APPROPRIATION the Office of Energy Conservation, the Office a great rush while the agency was facing a I am pleased to be here to offer my state­ of Energy Data and Analysis, and the Office legal challenge to one of its sulfur dioxide ment to the subcommittee. My comments of on and Gas. The Energy Division was standards--not necessarlly the best environ­ are directed at the Federal Energy Adminis­ transferred over from the Cost of Living ment for objective analysis. Moreover, the al­ tration. I urge your subcommittee to con­ Council-an agency I need remind no one, legations of distortion had been largely in­ sider an alternative to the FEA budget which has already vanished from the scene. vestigated by the agency itself. Representa­ request. Assuming the Federal Energy Ad­ Let me list the current set-up at FEA: tive Barry M. Goldwater, Jr. (R-Calif.) has ministration Act of 1974, which expires 1. Executive direction and administration. requested additional investigations, and he June 30, 1976, is not renewed by either the 2. Energy policy and analysis. said at the hearing that Congress should ex­ House or t h e Senate, Sections 9 and 10 of the 3. Regulatory programs. amine whether EPA's research function Act permit a reversion of FEA functions 4. Energy conservation and environment. should examine whether EPA's research func­ back to the executive departments and 5. Energy resource development. tion should be separated from the regula­ agencies from whence they came. 6. International energy affairs. tory process. But chairman Rogers, probably Since t h ere is a good possibility that the 7. Strategic planning and storage. the most influential House member in air FEA law will not be renewed-an effort to Mr. Chairman, the President and the FEA pollution matters, indicated that such fur­ that end is already underway in the House­ themselves apparently have not faced the ther scrutiny will not necessarily weaken the l think the subcommittee should seriously question of where these various operations antipollution fight . In a day that was largely consider funding only those FEA !unctions would go. But I have: the following proposal devoted to examining charges that sulfur that were detailed over from other depart­ would do the trick. oxides regulations have been made too ments and agencies back in 1974 and which stringent, Rogers managed to extract some First, the Department of the Interior can will revert back should the FEA expire on take back the functions it previously held­ testimony which indicated to him, at least, June 30. that the standards may not be strict enough. these would be energy resource development And even these functions should be and energy policy and analysis. As Interior scrutinized. Some perhaps can be eliminated already has its Bureau of Mines and its USGS altogether. Others, while still needed, may energy data gathering functions, (and does a be oversta.Eed and overbudgeted by FEA, and better job at them than the FEA can do, should be trimmed. The FEA is not known FEA MUST BE ABOLISHED-CON­ even though FEA's data is often borrowed for its conservation of tax dollars. from them) , I think Interior can continue GRESSWOMAN PATRICIA SCHROE­ Only the House Subcommittee on Energy these functions with ease. DER and Power of the House Interstate and For­ eign Commerce Committee has held hear­ Second, the Department of the Interior ings on the FEA renewal. These hearings should have the new strategic reserve office, have not been completed-with the dead­ as they have long administered public lands HON. FLOYD J. FITHIAN line for reporting the authorization bill un­ and reserves. OF INDIANA der the Budget Act so close at h and, the Now we are left with the FEA's interna­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES expiration of the FEA is a real possibility. tional office. The FEA act mandates interna­ I also believe it is the only possibility which tional participation. If there is any reason Monday, May 17, 1976 deserves serious consideration. it needs to be continued, I believe that this Mr. FITHIAN. Mr. Speaker, the House I am of the opinion that the FEA should small office would also work quite well in go when the present law runs out this June. the Department of Interior, as its primary will soon have the opportunity to deter­ I am doing all I can to that end, including mine the future of the Federal Energy making my views known to this subcommit­ function is to offer counsel so that the State Administration, one of the fastest grow­ tee and oth ers in the House and Senate wh o Department follows the right course in inter­ ing bureaucracies in Washington. have to deal with the FEA. national affairs affecting energy. The easiest course of action regarding I think that ending the FEA will make a Third, I believe that the Energy Research the FEA would be to simply extend the great bicentennial gift to the taxpayers of and Development Administration (ERDA) this nation. wm, in the long run, be the best location Agency's temporary mandate as the There is a great fear that some terrible for the FEA's energy conservation and en­ administration and the House Com­ disaster will befall the nation without the vironmental functions. ERDA's technical and merce Committee have suggested. In­ FEA-th at our energy policy will fall apart. scient ific stance could easily be broadened to deed, rubber stamping the proposal to But such is not the case. include readily available conservation continue the FEA would be something Congress in its wisdom placed reverter clauses in the original FEA authorizing methods, and the agency is already man­ of a traditional response to a bureauc­ dated to perform environmental studies. to legislation and in all subsequent FEA legis­ racy's desire perpetuate itself. lation which would redelegate FEA duties Right now, FEA's dual mandate-increasing The House of Representatives has and functions back to the departments and both energy production and energy conserva­ many fine traditions, traditions which agencies from whence they came. The FEA's tion-is contradictory. FEA is working at should be cherished and perpetuated. top-heavy, bloated administrative and pub- odds with itself. 14188 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 Fourth, Regulatory programs 1n the FEA spiration to her children, and a good wife previous environmental reviews have are orphans. The Cost of Living Council Is to her husband. already essentially resolved rel8ited dead. But the Department of the Treasury OUr Mother of the Year has lived in issues. fs experienced 1n regulation. In fact, the FEA's regulatory functions were set up by Hawthorne for 25 years, and every one Alternatives to this route being con­ Treasury personnel transferred 1n for that of her 12 children were born here. Every sidered by the FPC include a pipeline purpose. There is no reason why regulatory one has attended St. Joseph's School, through the Arctic National Wildlife programs cannot be sent over to Treasury. and the older ones are either attending Preserve in northern Alaska and then Fifth, The so-called Executive Direction or have graduated from Leuzlnger High through Canada which is strongly op­ and Adm1n1strative functions, some $31 mn­ School. posed by environmental groups, and a Uon and 1000 employees, should disappear. Of the four who have graduated, the trans-Alaska pipeline to a southern Too much time, money, and personnel at three girls are working locally and the Alaska port for gas liquefaction and FEA are invested 1n self-promotion. I recognize that the departments and other, a boy, is in the Army. And this shipment by boat to west coast States. agencies to which I suggest transfer of FEA's Mother of the Year is also a grand­ Judging from the surplus of oil now be­ function have not been known as the most mother. ing anticipated on the west coast when consumer-oriented. The Department of the Let me read you some excerpts from the Alaskan oil pipeline is in operation, Interior is often accused of being 1n bed with the letter which won for her the 1976 it makes little sense to talk about even the major on companies. The Department of Mother of the Year award. It was writ­ more fossil fuel ending up in that area the Treasury 1s well known for its kowtowing ten by her oldest daughter, Margie, who in the form of Alaskan naturai gas. to the major on companies on the foreign tax is 21: Several companies have filed with the credit agreement. The ERDA is thought to be too nuclear-oriented. In behalf of eleven brothers and sisters and FPC for construction of Alaskan natural But, for whatever draw-backs my proposal myself, I am submitting this account of the gas transportation facilities. An FPC de­ might have, I firmly beUeve it will, 1n the love and regard we have for our mother. An cision combining parts of several of the long run, prove far more effective than the ordinary day for Mom begins at about 5 A.M. proposals would coincide with my legis­ FEA. It's not often that the American Pe­ and ends around 1 A.M. Preparing Dad's lation and be best for Michigan. Con­ troleum Institute, the Ralph Nader groups, breakfast and lunch is first on her list of struction of the pipeline would take and the enVironmentalists all gang up on duties to be performed, followed by rousing sleepy young-uns either for school or work. about 5 years and cost roughly $6 bllllon. one agency. But indeed, the FEA has been Senate and House Committees are subjected to such criticism. Given more life, By the time they all show up shiny bright, lunches and books are ready for distribution. holding hearings now or will begin con­ the FEA would become the worst ogre we Mom's day has only begun. sideration short1y on this issue. I am have ever created. Everything perta.ining to our home must Even if the subcommittee does not agree confident that careful consideration will be 1n order before outside activities can be result in both the most economical and on the need to abolish the FEA, lt ought to considered. We, ourselves can imagine what seriously scrutintze the FEA's budget re­ it would be like to face twelve loads of the most environmentally sound route quests by function so that we w1l1 have better laundry, sewing, patching, and mountains of for a pipeline to the Midwest where the data for our debate on the agency's future. ironing. Would you believe Mom's favorite gas is needed for homes and industry. hobby is the yard work? Did my brothers ever luck out! ... We are very certain that Mom has a real love for children. She has changed 48,384 MRS. DARLENE KORAN, HAW­ diapers and this does not include the care NEW BISHOP NAMED TO HEAD LONG THORNE, CALIF., CHAMBER OF she has given her grandchildren. ISLAND DIOCESE COMMERCE'S "MOTHER OF THE YEAR" Let me close by saying that I am ex­ tremely proud to have Mrs. Koran as one of my constituents in the 31st Con­ HON. JEROME A. AMBRO HON. CHARLES H. WILSON gressional District and I would like it to OF NEW YORK be recorded that the debate of this Con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF CALIFORNIA gress was briefly suspended so that we Monday, May 17, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES could pay tribute to her, Hawthorne's Monday, May 17, 1976 Mother of the Year. Mr. AMBRO. Mr. Speaker, I would like to bring to the attention of my colleagues Mr. CHARLES H. WU..SON of cai1- the elevation of Bishop John McGann to fornla. Mr. Speaker, it is my great pleas­ Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese ure today to pay tribute to Mrs. Darlene of Rockville Centre on Long Island. Koran, known to her friends as Dottie, NEW APPROACH Bishop McGann has earned a reputa­ who is the Hawthorne Chamber of Com­ tion for involvement and participation merce's Mother of the Year. with Diocesan priests, nuns, and brothers Let me say at the outset, that in order HON. GUY VANDER JAGT in the decisionmaking process during his to win the accolade of "Mother of the OF MICHIGAN 5 years as Auxiliary Bishop of the sprawl­ Year," a woman must be more than a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing Rockville Centre Diocese, which in­ mother; she must also be a woman who cludes Nassau and Suffolk Counties. has contributed in various ways to the Monday, May 17, 1976 No stranger to the Diocesan adminis­ quality of life of her community; and a Mr. VANDER JAGT. Mr. Speaker, I tration, Bishop McGann has worked in woman who has served her friends and have recently introduced new legiSla­ the Chancery Office since 1969. Shortly neighbors with untiring devotion. tion, H.R. 13678, which I am convinced after being named Auxiliary Bishop, In short, she must be one of those rare, will help to speed up the delivery of Bishop McGann was named Episcopal and, if I may say so, noble individuals, Alaskan natural gas to Midwestern Vicar for Suffolk County and moved to of whom any town or nation can be States, including Michigan. Brentwood. During that time, he visited proud. Such a woman is Mrs. Koran. Let The legislation instructs the Federal every parish and church institution in me give you a brief synopsis of her ac­ Power Commission to approve the con­ the county, talking and consulting with complishments: struction of a pipeline from the North clergymen and parishioners. She has worked countless hours in Slope of Alaska, via the present oil pipe­ Bishop McGann was born in Brooklyn snack stands at Little League baseball line corridor, to Fairbanks and then fol­ and studied for the priesthood on Long games and Pop Warner football games; lowing the Maska-Canada highway Island before being ordained in 1950. A chau1fered boys to ball games, sold ad­ through eastern Alaska and southeast man of great personal charm and vertising in programs, helped with through Canada to the U.S. border. warmth, Bishop McGann is expected to church bazaars, fashion shows, book This route would be the least expen­ stress consultation and "co-responsibil­ fairs, and bake sales. She has gone to sive according to the Department of the ity" with parishioners in church a:fiairs. campouts with her Girl Scout daughters, Interior and Federal Power Commission Our new Diocesan leader is a talented, kept everybody accounted for on vaca­ preliminary studies. It would stand the highly motivated clergyman and emi­ tions in the mountains, and been an in- best chance of early completion because nently qualified for the august position May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14189 to which he has been called. I am looking State and Federal governmental agen­ that could lose its most precious free­ forward to working with him on both the cies. doms by default." local and national levels. During the month of May I hope that The answer to our educational prob­ I would like this Chamber to join me full recognition will be given to the im­ lems is not more Federal aid, not higher in extending to Bishop McGann our con­ portant work being done by those in this teacher salaries, not more extravagant gratulations on his new position and most field and to the need for our full support buildings and facilities. We have had all sincere best wishes for unparalleled of their activities. of these things in recent years and they success. have gone hand in hand with our declin­ ing standards. What we need, instead, is a return to basics and a return to stand­ ards. "BETTER HEARING AND SPEECH" THE NEED TO GO BACK TO THE I wish to share with my colleagues the BASICS IN EDUCATION editorial, "The Basics," as it appeared in the Richmond Times Dispatch of April HON. DANTE B. FASCELL 5, 1976, and insert it into the RECORD at OF FLORIDA HON. PHILIP M. CRANE this time: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF ILLINOIS THE BASICS ••• Monday, May 17, 1976 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The title ot the study is "Achievement Test Score Decline: Do We Need to Worry?" and Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, May is Monday, May 17, 1976 the answer is yes, we do. "Better Hearing and Speech Month" and Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, although Sponsored by CEMREL, Inc., a national it is appropriate that we recognize this we are spending more money on higher educational laboratory in Chicago, the 160- subject's importance to millions of Amer­ pa.ge study determined that the decline in education today than ever before the student knowledge and academic skUls, as icans. unfortunate fact is that standards in tracked by a variety of standardized tests, 18 The ability to communicate is our most our high schools, colleges, and universi­ real. It is not the result of quirks in the tests, human characteristic. When a person ties are rapidly declining. Federal aid or intrinsic flaws in the testing process. Those cannot communicate, isolation from and assistance to education has been who insist, comfortingly, that no one should friends, family, and society often occurs. high in cost, but low in results. The only worry, "the kids are smarter than ever," are Yet nearly 10 million Americans, or discernible results show a trend in the wrong. We ought to be concerned, we ought 1 out of every 20 persons, sutfers from direction of lower rather than higher to be alarmed, about the sag in skUls that are essential to civUized society. some type of speech or language dis­ quality. Through the 1940s, the 1950s, and up to order. Some 14 million Americans have a Previously, a high school diploma the mid-1960s, achievement test scores stead­ hearing impairment. meant that students could read at the ily increased, noted the report's authors. Individuals with such problems may appropriate 12th grade level. This is not after analyzing data from nine major tests, encounter isolation in vocational, social, true today. For the class of 1976, only including the Scholastic Aptitude Test, Amer­ emotional, and educational areas. For one State--Arizona-will have any ican College Testing Program, and the Iowa example, adults with speech and lan­ statewide competency requirement for a Tests of Educational Development. But since guage disorders may find it diffi.cult to about 1965, scores in many subject areas-­ high school diploma. That requirement English, writing, literature, vocabulary, read­ gain employment or may be forced into will be the ability to read at a ninth ing, social studies. mathematics, and natural less satisfying jobs, because of their in­ grade level. In the other 49 States, the sciences--have beea dropping. The declines ability to communicate effectively. School only State requirements for high school are "more dramatic in recent vears and most children may experience difficulties in graduation will be years of schooling. evident for higher grades. They are especially learning because of such a problem. The A recently published study entitled pronounced in verbal tests, but hold for onset of a hearing impairment at birth "Achievement Test Score Decline: Do nearly all tested areas." or during infancy may result in severe We Need To Worry?" concludes with an The big question is "Why?" Authors Anne­ gret Harnischfeger and David E. Wiley say delays in the development of speech and emphatic, "Yes." there's no sole cause, but they do pinpoint language. Sponsored by Cemrel, Inc., a na­ one major factor: changes in the school cur­ According to the American Speech and tional educational laboratory in Chicago riculum. Hearing Association, the answers to the the 160-page study determined that the Declines in achievement scores, they found, following questions will indicate signs of decline in knowledge and academic skills paralleled closely declines in enrollment for disordered communications: on the part of American students is real. basic academic subjects. Enrollment in regu­ First. Is the individual's speech and/ Through the 1940's, the 1950's, and up lar high school English courses has declined or language so different from others of the mid-1960's, test scores steadily in­ more than that of any other subject (11 per cent in one two-year period), and English the same age, sex, or ethnic group that creased. Since about 1965, scores have test scores have correspondingly taken the it attracts unfavorable attention? been dropping. greatest plunge. Mathematics is next in de­ Second. Is the individual's speech and/ One of the reasons for this decline, cline of both enrollment and achievement. or language difficult to understand? state authors Annegret Harnischfeger followed by the natural sciences. Third. Does the individual appear to and David E. Wiley, is the change in cur­ Not only are secondary students taking have diffi.culty hearing or understanding riculum. Enrollment in basic high school fewer courses in general English and math. speech? English courses has declined more than but they are signing up for typical college­ that of any other subject and English preparatory courses such as algebra, foreign Fourth. Does the individual avoid languages and physics in decreasing numbers. communicating with others because he is test scores have correspondingly gone Also, fewer are taking courses in United self -conscious about his speech, hearing, down most dramatically. States and state history, although world his­ and/or language ability? Discussing this unfortunate state of tory's popularity hasn't diminished. affairs, the Richmond Times Dispatch The logical conclusion is that students are If the answer is "yes" to any of these noted that, "the logical conclusion is that not going to learn basic academic skills 1f questions, a thorough evaluation by a students are not going to learn basic they are permitted to duck the tough, de­ speech pathologist or audiologist is need­ academic skills if they are permitted to manding courses in which such skiDs are ed to determine the individual's com­ duck the tough, demanding courses in taught. One particularly arresting statistic: munications strengths and weaknesses. which such skills are taught. One partic­ From 1970 to 1973, students taking remedial After a complete evaluation is obtained, math increased by more than 80 per cent, ularly startling statistic: From 1970 to while students taking general math decreased the speech pathologist or audiologist will 1973, students taking remedial math in­ be able to provide or recommend a pro­ 15 per cent. creased by mor~ than 80 percent, while The academic nose-dive dates to the mtd- gram-if required-to meet the specific students taking general math decreased 1960s; not coincidentally, those were the communication needs of the individual. 15 percent." giddy days when schools around the nation Speech and language pathology and The kind of "freedom" for students were capitulating to juvenUe demands for audiology services are provided in many student "freedom." That kind of freedom, it public and private schools, community which has been brought about in recent appears, could result in a nation populated clinics, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, years, the Times Dispatch points out, by illiterates and ignoramuses, a nation that private practices, health departments, "could result in a nation populated by could lose its most precious freedoms by de­ colleges and universities, industries, and illiterates and ignoramuses, a nation fault. Schools and colleges ought not hesitate 14190 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 1n requiring students to take such essentials duced, I have observed with great inter­ MoRGAN. Without their leadership and as English, math, history, foreign language est the lack of enthusiasm on the part of and science and in allowing selection of "elec­ concern, and that of ranking members, tives" only after foundation requirements Soviet and Eastern European officials in Representative BROOMFIELD and Repre­ have been satisfied. implementation of the third basket of the sentative WINN, and the help of the com­ The report cited in this editorial would Accord. mittee members, this legislation might make good background for groups Interested Just last week, for example, nine Soviet never have seen the light of day. 1n restoring high standards to public educa­ dissidents announced formation of a The articles follow: tion. It is available free from CEMREL, 875 group to monitor human rights viola­ [From New York Times, May 16, 1976] N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, Dl., 60611. tions in the . This public SOVIET DISSIDENT WARNED ON RIGHTS UNIT group to assist the fulfillment of the Moscow, May 15.--soviet authorities today Helsinki Accord in the U.S.S.R. is led by began cracking down on a dissident watch­ MONITORING THE HELSINKI the renowned scientist Yuri Orlov and dog group formed three days ago to monitor ACCORD the distinguished sinologist Dr. Vitaly the Soviet Union's compliance with the hu­ Rubin. It intends to monitor violations to man rights provisions of the Helsinki dec­ Helsinki Accord signatory countries. laration. HON. MILLICENT FENWICK As is so often the case, this attempt to Yurl Orlov, the leader of the group, was picked up by three plainclothesmen and OF NEW JERSEY hold the U.S.S.R. to its international driven off for questioning as he walked along IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES commitments has been attacked by a street in southwest Moscow with another articles in the Soviet newspapers. Yes­ Monday, May 17, 1976 group member, Mikhail Bernshtam. Mr. Orlov, terday's New York Times reported from a physicist unemployed because of his dis­ Mrs. FENWICK. Mr Speaker, it was 9 Moscow that Soviet authorities have al­ sident activities, was released after an hour months ago that a delegation of House ready moved against this group. Yuri of interrogation. Members visited the Soviet Union and Orlov, for example, was picked up on WARNINGS ARE EXPLAINED Romania. You led that delegation and Saturday and interrogated for an hour. Within a few hours, the official press agency I am sure you know what it meant to all The harassment was further intensified Tass took the unusual step of confirming of us to work under your leadership and when Tass news agency noted, in an that Mr. Orlov had been picked up by the to have you as our spokesman. unusual step, that Mr. Orlov has been pollee and had been "officially warned of The trip made a lasting impression on "officially warned of the inadmissability the inadmissibil1ty of his antilaw actions" of his antilaw actions." in connection with the new group. most of us who realized, after talking for Tass, which rarely acknowledges dis­ many hours with dissidents and Soviet Mr. Speaker, I have received evidence sident activities, said the warnings were citizens wanting to emigrate, that the from many individuals in the past 8 intended "to cut short Orlov's provocative hopes of these people had been pinned months that this type of harassment is activity as well as to prevent the perpetra­ to the implementation of the Helsinki far from unusual. I have dozens of tion by Orlov and persons connected with Accord which had been signed just before cases which are clear violations of the him of actions punishable by law." our arrival. Helsinki Accord. The speed of the reaction by the au­ Congressman YATES and I cochaired an The Commission will help the State thorities underscores the Soviet Union's con­ tinuing sensitivity on the human rights ad hoc committee which met with dis­ Department to speak forcefully for these issue, particularly following criticism in the sidents and refuseniks and with Jews, people in an the countries which are West that it has not lived up the minimum Christians and agnostics. Through all of parties to the accord. It will also standards set on humanitarian issues by the our conversations, the one consistent strengthen European efforts at monitor­ 25-state European Security Conference, thread was that the West must not forget ing compliance. There are many non­ which wound up last summer at Helsinki. the third "basket" of Helsinki Accord, governmental groups which are already The Kremlin has denounced Western ef­ which addresses itself to human rights. active in Europe. I would like to mention forts to monitor Soviet compliance as inter­ ference in Soviet internal affairs. It has also We also pursued this theme with Soviet a few of them because it is this concerted responded by accusing the West in turn of officials, including Secret3,ry Brezhnev, mobilization of world opinion that is violating the human rights of its citizens. whom we met at Yalta on August 14. our best hope for realizing the promises However, the prospect of having Soviet When Congress reconvened in Sep­ made at Helsinki. Some of the European citizens, even dissidents, watching its actions tember, I introduced H.R. 9466, which groups concerned with compliance are: in a formal manner poses a. more awkward was later introduced in the Senate as S. 1. The East-West Institute, Van Stolkweg problem for Moscow. Today's incident sug­ 2679, believing that it was essential to 10, The Hague, Netherlands. gested that the authorities planned to head involve Congress in the monitoring of 2. Association Europeene Pour Une Vraie off such a threat by treating it purely as the Accord. There will be no other such Detente, 19 Rue Monsieur 75007 Paris, anti-Soviet activity, which is a criminal of­ France. fense under Soviet law. mechanism until the autumn of 1977, 3. North Atlantic Assembly, 3 Place Petit Mr. Orlov told reporters after his release when an international committee meets Samlom, Brussels 1000, Belgium. that the security officers had called the new to establish a form for such monitoring. 4. World Council of Churches, 120 Route group 1llegal and warned that legal action We must follow through on the agree­ de Fernay, Geneva, Switzerland. would be bought if its activities continued. ments we have signed. As President Ford 5. Committee on the Helsinki Agreement, DISCRETING MOVE SEEN said in Helsinki, history will judge the Council of Europe, Strasbourg, France. Tass asserted that "it is difilcult to qualify effectiveness of the conference "not by 6. Institute of Jewish Affairs, London, Orlov's actions in any other way than an the promises we make, but the promises England. attempt to question in the eyes of the in­ we keep." 7. European Cooperation Research Group, ternational public the sincerity of the Soviet 35 Bow Street, London WC2R 7AU. U.K. The monitoring commission would Union's efforts to undeviatingly implement embody those principles which, above all Mr. Speaker, in conclusion, I would the international obligations it assumed.'' others, have distinguished this Nation: like to urge my colleagues to support this It added that the group's formation could also be "another provocation" to undermine our respect for human dignity and for measure which has been supported by detente. the right of dissent; the importance of such diverse groups as the National There are nine founding members of the the individual; and the freedom to pur­ Conference on Soviet Jewry, the Feder­ new dissident committee, which calls itself sue one's own beliefs. I feel strongly that ation of American Scientists, the Na­ the "Public Group To Promote the Fulfill­ we should emphasize these values in our tional Confederation of American Ethnic ment of the Helsinki Accords in the USSR." international relations, Mr. Speaker. Groups, the Episcopal Diocese of Wash­ The other members are Aleksandr Gins· '.rhis is what America does best: recog­ ington, the Association of American berg, a friend of the writer Aleksandr Solz­ nizing that we are one human family, Publishers and the Veterans of Foreign henitsyn; Aleksandr Korchak, Vitaly Rubin across any barriers of distance or dis­ Wars. The bill has also received wide and Lyudmila Alekseyeva. sent. support in the House, where it now has Mr. Sakharov himself has not joined but The establishment of this commission 96 cosponsors of both political parties is believed to be a supporter of the group. by the Congress would be a step in that and from all regions of the country. It was he who informed Western reporters after Mr. Orlov was picked up today. direction and would indicate to the world In closing, I would like to pay tribute that the United States will continue its to the chairman of the subcommittee, In its statement several days ago, the new dedication to human rights. group said it would compile instances of Representative DANTE FASCELL, and the human rights violations and pass them on Mr. Speaker, in the 8 months since the chairman of the International Relations to the governments and citizens of other first Helsinki Commission bill was intro- Committee, Representative THoMAS countries. May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14191 [From , May 14, 1976] yourselves. I urge you all to press actively ADMINISTRATION PROPOSAL ON NINE RUSSIAN DISSIDENTS UNITE TO MONlTOJt on whatever levels are available to you for ADDmONAL URANIUM ENRICH­ RIGHTS a wider recognition of our obligation to pro­ MENT FACILITIES ALLOWS EX· Moscow, May 13.-Nine Soviet dissidents test violations of human rights wherever they occur. More important, the protests CESS COSTS AND RISKS TO GOV­ today announced formation of a group to ERNMENT-AND RICH REWARDS monitor Soviet compliance with the Hel­ must have more teeth than the expressions sinki declaration signed last year and to re­ of "official dismay" which presently consti­ TO PRIVATE UTILITIES port human rights violations to other coun­ tute the lion's share of U.S. human rights tries that signed that document. policy. The influence of our government 1s The organization, named the Public Group much more far-reaching than such feeble HON. JOE L. EVINS to Assist the Fulfillment of the Helsinki Ac­ indications of concern, and should be OF TENNESSEE cords in the U.S.S.R., said in a statement brought to bear when possible. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it was concerned with sections laying down In Iran the situation is particularly grim. basic freedoms of conscience, religion and Between forty and one hundred thousand Monday, May 17, 1976 bellef and those providing for greater human people languish in jail for political of­ fenses, hundreds and perhaps thousands Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, contacts and-exchanges of information and an editorial published recently in the culture. have died from torture and execution, and The group is led by Yurt Orlov a scientist, the arbitrary and typically ruthless power Nashville Tennessean is critical of a pro­ and includes Yelena Sakharov, the wife of of the Shah continues to be employed with­ posal by the administration to allow Andrei D. Sakharov, the Nobel Peace Prize out restraint. No government resorting to private ownership of uranium enrich­ winner, Aleksandr Ginzburg, Anatoly Mar­ such extremes has a claim on our respect. ment plants as unwise and ill-advised in chenko and Pyortr Grigorenko. I extend my full support to this assembly that it will result in higher electric power Dr. Sakharov is not a member of the group, of the Joint Session of American Commu­ nities to Support Political Prisoners in Iran. prices for the American consumer and but he told Western correspondents that he further concentrate the Nation's energy supported its planned activities. I hope this can be one of many steps to­ The Helsinki declaration was signed last ward a heightened awareness of the grue­ resources in the hands of a few large August by the Soviet Union and 32 other some human rights situation 1n Iran and companies. European states, along with the United States around the world. The editorial points out that the ad­ and Canada. ministration's proposal provides for a The statement by the dissident group said Federal guarantee of $8 billion to offset it would accept written complaints by So­ any private losses. viet citizens about violation of the accords UNEMPLOYMENT IN CONSTRUCTION affecting them personally, and would pass INDUSTRY "What is being proposed," according on the complaints in summarized form to to a scientist quoted in the editorial, "is heads of governments and the public of other a rather lopsided partnership between countries that signed the Helsinki declara­ HON. WILLIAM LEHMAN the public and private sectors, in which tion. OF FLORIDA the risks are public and the rewards are It will also try to collect information and private." 1n "special cases of inhumanity" will appeal IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Further, the editorial quotes a report to foreign governments to form international Monday, May 17, 1976 committees to try to verify information. by the General Accounting Office as de­ Mr. LEHMAN. Mr. Speaker, as the Na­ scribing the administration's proposal tion recovers from the recent recession, as "excessively generous." it is easy to lose sight of certain sectors Because of the interest of my col­ REPRESSION IN IRAN of the economy where unemployment is leagues and the American people in this still a major problem. The construction vital and important matter, I place a industry in south Florida is just one ex­ copy of the editorial in the RECORD, here­ HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ample. with. OF ~ASSACEnJSETTS From the standpoint of the unem­ The editorial follows: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ployed, there is still a depression. One NUCLEAR FuEL PROPOSAL GIVES AWAY Monday, May 17. 1976 person who is still feeling the effects of Too MucH the depressed state of the construction The Ford administration's proposal to let Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, I industry is Mr. Pat Byrd of Opa Locka, private industry in on the government's recently sent a statement of support to Fla. Besides being unemployed, Mr. Byrd uranium enrichment monopoly is coming a coalition of student and citizen groups finds himself faced with the prospect of under increasing scrutiny and with good rea­ in Baltimore who are attempting to raise losing his home because he is no longer son. public awareness and concern over the able to make the mortgage payments on Last summer the administration made its great number of political prisoners m time. The following is a letter Mr. Byrd proposal in the form of the Nuclear Fuel As­ Iran. I am inserting that statement in surance Act after it was determined that the recently sent to Secretary Carla Hills. It government's three enrichment plants would the RECORD at this point for the atten­ is a simple but eloquent plea for help. I be unable to meet the growing demand for tion of my colleagues. It is regrettable am sure he is not alone in his predica­ nuclear plant fuel. indeed that so little international atten­ ment, and I urge HUD to use the power According to a government study, there is tion has been focused on this situation it has to provide emergency relief to those the possibility of a shortage of nuclear fuel in comparison with the cases of, say, for whom the recession is still a reality. by the mid-1980s unless steps are taken to Chile and Brazil, where human rights The letter follows: increase production capacity in the near violations are certainly serious but prob­ APRIL 22, 1976. future. To meet such a shortage, two alter­ ably not as widespread as those under Ms. CARLA HILLS, natives were put forth: Have the govern­ the Shah. Secretary, HUD, HUD Building, 451 7th Street ment expand one of its three existing en­ S.W., Washington, D.C. richment plants or allow private industry to The statement follows: DEAR Ms. HILLS: My name is Patrick Byrd, build a new one. STATE~ENT BY CONGRESSMAN MICHAEL HAR­ I reside at 351 Bahman Avenue, Opa Locka, At present, private companies operate the RINGTON FOR THE JOINT SESSION OF AMERI­ Florida. I am a Carpenter who has been un­ government's plants under contract, and CAN COMMUNITIES TO SUPPORT POLITICAL employed for the last fourteen (14) months. it was widely expect ed that 1f private in­ PRISONERS IN IRAN It is my understanding that Congress dustry were allowed to own and operate en­ I am sorry that I am unable to deliver this passed an Act that would assist me, and richment plants, some of these contracted message of support in person, because I be­ others in the event of Mortgage foreclosure companies would be among the first to enter lieve the advancement of human rights is a on my home. the field. crucial issue facing the world today. Accounts The Mortgage Company is now in the proc­ Indeed, one of the partners, Goodyear Tire of torture and brutality by agents of auto­ ess of foreclosing. and Rubber Co., in Uranium Enrichment cratic governments may seem far away to I request your assistance in the implement­ Associates, operates the government's enrich­ those of us in the United States, but the hor­ Ing of this Congressional Act. Your coopera­ ment plant at Portsmouth, Ohio. UEA, whose ror of the situation is all too real for those tion is solicited and wlll be appreciated. Your other partners are the Bechtel Corp. and the involved. Our detachment from the situation response is vital to my family and myself. I Williams Companies has prcposed building and the lack of immediate material involve­ look forward to it. a $3.5 billion enrichment plant at Dothan, ment make this an Issue of conscience, one Sincerely, Ala.., if the a.dmlnlstra.tlon's bill passes Con­ which will only come to prominence through PATRICK BYRD, gress. the efforts and dedication of people like Opa Locka, Fla. Among the key provisions of the Nuclear 14192 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 Fuel Assurance Act are: a. federal guaran­ raise nuclear fuel costs some $700 million tor Schweiker, it 1s not a new one, and it 1s tee of $8 billion to cover private industry a. year-and the consumers would end up dlmcult to believe that st111 another omcial losses if they occur and '8.l'e beyond industry's paying it. report would dispel it. control; a presidential pledge that fuel orders That $700 million figure might even be In fact, you can make a. good case that the placed with the private producers by either conservative. Mr. Komes told the congress­ more the assassination 1s investigated, the domestic or foreign consumers will be hon­ men, "We are going to have dlmculty ... more entrenched public skepticism becomes. ored--even if the government must provide with our investors . . . in keeping as low as The two senators are going to write a report it out of federal stockpiles; and permission that 15%" rate of return. which the full Church Committee will then for foreign interests to invest in the private Congress can resolve that dlmculty very either suppress or make public. If released, ventures provided 55% voting ownership easily-by rejecting the Ford administration as it should be, that report may reveal how remains in U.s. hands. proposal and mainta.lnlng the government's two senators can start from the same infor­ Until the administration wrote a. bill with monopoly on enrichment of uranium. mation and reach entirely different orders such favorable terms for prtvate industry, of doubt. But we suspect that the net effect companies such as UEA were playing it coy. of the exercise will be to emphasize, again, Afterwards, their reluctance vanished-and that with a limited body of fact different in­ with good reason. The administration's bill PERSPECTTVE ON ~y vestigators will draw different inferences 18 adequately described by Dr. Barry Com­ from it. That has been the heart of the mys­ moner, a scientist who opposes nuclear ASSASSINATION tery all along. power in general: "What is being proposed Some of us, that is, want to believe the is a rather lopsided partnership between the HON. DEL CLAWSON simplest conclusion consistent with the given public and private sectors, in which the risks evidence, while some of us want to believe are public and the rewards private." OF CALIFORNIA the most complex conclusion not inconsis­ A Bechtel spokesman admitted that the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tent with it. Given that basic difference in UEA consortium would probably gross $300 Monday, May 17, 1976 human temperaments, we'd wager that there million annually when its plant went into will always be a mystery in the Kennedy operation. Federal omcials estimate that by Mr. DEL CLAWSON. Mr. Speaker, per­ assassination for those who want to find it the end of the century the enrichment of spective, both historical and logical, is there, regardless of the depth and frequency uranium for use in nuclear power plants an element which appears to be needed o! the investigations. But that is not to say would be a $9 billion a. year business. in much of the current controversy over that the mystery exists independently of the The spokesman tried to compare the gov­ will to believe in it. ernment's largesse to the Federal Deposit the Warren Commission report on the Insurance Corp. '"l'he consortium is buying assassination of President Kennedy. An technology and service from the government, editorial in the Washington Star for we are simply asking that the government Sunday, May 16, I believe supplies some PROJECT ON EQUAL EDUCATION guarantees that it works," the Bechtel omcial of that necessary element. At this point RIGHTS SURVEY !!laid. in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, therefore, However, the General Accounting omce, I commend the editorial to the attention which studied the proposal for Congress last HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS fall, characterized the Ford bill as "exces­ of my colleagues: sively generous." The report concluded: "Its THE WILL To DoUBT OF CALIFORNIA (the administration proposal) fundamental The first serious look at the shortcomings IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES l!lhortcoming is that it shifts most of the of the Warren Commission report on Presi­ Monday, May 17, 1976 risks during construction ... to the govern­ dent Kennedy's assassination came in Ed­ ment." According to the GAO, it would be ward J. Epstein's interesting book Inquest, Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, the more in the public interest for the govern­ which began as a master's thesis at Harvard; Project on Equal Education Rights­ ment to continue its dominant role by set­ and the poking and prodding by various PEE~! the National Organization for ting up a corporation that could borrow pub­ hands--from television networks to law pro­ Women Legal Defense and Education lic funds to construct new enrichment plants. fessors skilled in the rules of evidence­ Fund recently published the results of a During congressional hearings on the Nu­ has gone on ever since. clear Fuel Assurance Act, administration of­ To what effect? In our view, none of these survey it conducted of State depart­ ficials have argued that if the government studies has shaken, and several tend to con­ ments of education. The results show continues its monopoly, it wm cost the tax­ firm, the original conclusion of the Warren that only nine State education depart­ payers some $2.8 billlon. Mr. Jerome Kames, panel that Lee H. Oswald, acting alone, shot ments are in complete compliance with board chairman of UEA, told the congress­ the President from the Dallas textbook de­ Federal regulations for ending sex bias men that the Dothan plant would not cost pository. Often assailed, by cranks and con­ in education. The regulations were is­ the taxpayers a cent--if it succeeded. spiracy theorists as well as by the ingenuity sued last June by the Department of And, of course, the bill admittedly wlll of scholars, that theory has stood. Health, Education, and Welfare to en­ cost the taxpayers a very pretty penny if it Now we have a suggestion from a. sub­ doesn't succeed. committee of the Senate Select Committee able affected agencies to comply with Moreover, an investigation by the Associ­ on IntelUgence--Sens. Gary Hart and Rich­ title IX of the Education Amendments ated Press indicates that even a successful ard Schweiker-that yet another omcial in­ of 1972. UEA venture will cost the American taxpay­ vestigation, this time by the Senate, be Public attention has focused chiefly on ers, directly and indirectly. Jarvis L. Schwen­ undertaken. the impact of title IX on schools and col­ nesen, head of a government task force re­ The two senators base their recommenda­ leges. However, the law also covers State viewing the UEA proposal, told AP that the tion, reportedly, on new information made education departments which have a administration's claim of a $2.8 billion saVing available to the Church Committee (though powerful influence on public education it!! exaggerated. not to the Warren Commission) about plots in this country as they are responsible Mr. Schwennesen said that, according to on the life of . the UEA proposal, the government would But the two senators do not agree what for overseeing public education in each have to buy $1 billion worth of enriched questions remain open. Senator Hart harbors State. uranium from UEA and stockpile it to help "lingering doubts"-not that oswald was PEER's survey was designed to deter­ get the private plant started. In other words, actually the trigger man at Dallas but about mine the extent to which these State the government will not spend $2.8 billion to "the question, which the Warren Commis­ agencies carried out the five basic steps increase its capacity and to provide relatively sion did not answer, 'Why?'" Senator for eliminating sex discrimination as low-cost uranium to nuclear power plants, Schweiker, for his part, has more substantive mandated by title IX. State education but it may be forced to lay out $1 billion doubts about the Warren Commission's basic departments are required to first, offi­ to subsidize UEA's profits. conclusions and says that "six months on this subcommittee reinforce and strengthen cially designate a coordinator to see that Moreover, the nuclear fuel produced by those doubts." the activities of each department com­ private industry would be more costly than This senatorial disparity can only be ex­ ply with title IX, including the investi­ that now provided by the government. To plained, we suppose, in one of two ways: collect its overhead and make its proposed gation of sex discrimination complaints; Either the two senators interpret the same second, notify all employees, students, profit margin of 15%, UEA estimates that new body of information differently, or Sena­ it would Eell enriched uranium at $85 per tor Schwelker has seen evidence that Sena­ and any other affected groups of the unit, compared to the government's present tor Hart hasn't seen. The latter supposition name, address, and telephone number average price of $54 per unit. seems improbable, so that we are really back of the coordinator; third, notify all em­ As Mr. Schwennesen explained it to AP, to a familiar problem that has dogged the ployees and students under its jurisdic­ the government would, most likely, then be Warren Commission report all along. As the tion that the department does not dis­ forced to raise its price so that customers Commission initially said, you can't prove criminate on the basis of sex, and inform would buy from UEA. All of this financial a negative to a certainty. them of their rights under title IX. Ini­ juggling, according to AP calculations, would If this is the problem that bothers Sena- tial notices were to have been published May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14193 by October 1976; fourth, conduct a thor­ (PEER) of the National Organization for quirements "sound like techn1ca11t1es." But, ough review-self-evaluation--of its own Women Legal Defense and Education Fund she added, "when state omcia.ls break the policies and practices to determine if said the agencies had falled to take steps law ... it affects students and teachers 1n such policies comply with title IX; fifth, mandate under Title IX of a 1972 educa­ every school district in the state." tion law. When state agencies fall to set an ex­ establish and publish grievance proce­ PEER called on the Health, Education, and ample by getting their own houses 1n order, dures for resolving sex discrimination Welfare Department which issued Title IX Knox said, it undercuts their efforts to help complaints. rules last June, to Investigate its charges local school systems comply with Title IX The PEER survey of 51 State depart­ and press the agencies to comply. requirements. ments of education-including the Dis­ Among violators PEER said it found 1n a PEER said its survey showed that Georgia, trict of Columbia--revealed that 80 per­ survey this spring were the Maryland and Indiana, South Dakota, and vermont had cent of the State departments of educa­ Virginia departments of education and the fa.Ued to take any of the required first steps. tion are in violation of .at least one of the District of Columbia school system. Locally, it found that V1rg1n1a. had faUed title IX regulations. I am inserting in HEW's Title IX rules bar sex discrimlna­ to pick a. staff compliance coordinator and the RECORD, for the information of my tton 1n a wide range of school, college and that Maryland and the D.C. school system other education activities from student fi­ had falled to publicize properly their colleagues, the results of that survey and identity or how they could be contacted. a copy of a Washington Post article on nancial aid and faculty hiring to athletics. PEER said the state agencies were re­ PEER said none of the three had ade­ the PEER survey: quired to take some tnitial steps of their quately publicized their non-d1scr1mination PROBE BY HEW AsKED 41 STATE AGENCIES own: picking staff members to coordinate policies by informing every employee 1n ACCUSED 011' SEX BIAS compliance activities, reviewing depart­ writing, but observed that many agencies (By Eric Wentworth) mental policies and procedures and remedy­ appeared confused over what kind of notice Fourty-c:>ne state education agencies are ing any problems, proclaimlng nondlscrtm­ was required. violating one or more federal requirements tnation policies and notifying employees of It said its survey also disclosed that for ending sex bias, a. women's rights group their rights, and establishing grievance pro­ neither the D.C. schools nor V1rg1n1a had charged yesterday. cedures to handle any complaints. reviewed their own pollcles. Maryland had The Project on Equal Education Rights Holly Knox, PEER director, said the re- fafied to establish grievance procedures.

STATES VIOLATING CERTAIN TITLE IX REQUIREMENTS,t MAY 6, 1976 (Key: An X indicates a violation; an (•) indicates information not available)

Federal Federal Title IX Notice of Grievance fund Title IX Notice of Grievance funds coordi­ designa­ Notice of Self· proce- (thou­ coordi­ designa­ Notice of Self- proce- (thou­ State nator tion policy evaluation dure sands)' State nator tion policy evaluation dure sands) 2

Alabama______X X X ------$84,167 New Jersey______X X X ------$105,764 Alaska______X X X ------44,498 New Mexico...... X X (•) (•) ______40,541 Arkansas______X X ------49,219 New York.------X X ------322,898 California______X X ------373,996 North Carolina...... X X X ------114,813 Colorado______X X X ------50,362 Ohio______X X ------136,460 ConnecticuL______X X X X 41,486 Oklahoma______X X X ------54,075 District of Columbia.------X X X ------24,828 Oregon______X X X ------35,685 Rorida •.• ------______------X ------123,950 Pennsylvania...... X X X ------X 174,181 Geor~a______X X X X X 101,959 South Carolina______X X X ------67,708 Illinois .. ______------X ------177,768 South Dakota...... X X X X X 19,613 Indiana______X X X X X 65,918 Tennessee______X X X ------79,898 Iowa______X X X X 38,716 Texas ••.. ------X ------______---- 229,811 Kansas ______------X ------40,003 Utah ______------X ------25,602 Kentucky------__ ------X ------71,499 Vermont______X X X X X 8, 879 Louisiana __ ------X X ------86,297 Virginia.------X X X X ------113,725 Maryland______X X ------X 79,145 62,531 Massachusetts______X X X ------86,142 33, 162 142,627 64,858 =~~~i::o~a:::::::::::·-----··x· ~ :::::::::::·-----··x·::::::::::: 60,678 ~:s~c~~!~~~~~:======Wyoming______X B X ------~------~-======X X ------10,101 Missouri ______------X X 73,444 Montana______X X ------19,781 TotaL ••.•...• 18 35 30 21 9 3, 448,867 Nevada______X X X X ------11,523

t See the regulation implementing title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (45 CFR, pt. 86). ~ordinator. ~oti~e.of Policy: State .did not notify affecte~ groups that, as required by ti.tle IX 1 Funds allocated by formula to States by the U.S. Office of Education, fiscal year 1976. 1t does not d1scnmmate on the basrs of sex. Self-evaluation: State has not begun to revrew its Note: Title IX Coordinator: State did not designate an employee to coordinate its own efforts policies and practices for title IX violations. Grievance procedure: State has no trtle IX complaint to comply with title IX. Notice of Designation: State did not inform affected groups how to contact procedure . ..•. MISS KAREN mENE TRIPP RE­ training program offered by the Red WOMAN VIP'S EXPRESS COMl\UT­ CEIVES RED CROSS CERTIFICATE Cross in first aid, small craft or water MENTS OF MERIT safety. I salute Miss Tripp for fast action, and would like to bring the details of this rescue to the attention of my col­ HON. CLAIR W. BURGENER HON. PHILIP E. RUPPE leagues by quoting from the Red Cross OF MICHIGAN letter which was sent to me: OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES On July 19, 1975, Miss Tripp, trained in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, May 17, 1976 Red Cross lifesaving, heard her mother say Monday, May 17, 1976 that a swimmer 1n Tawas Bay was calling for Mr. RUPPE. Mr. Speaker, the Amer­ help from about 500 feet off shore. Taking a Mr. BURGENER. Mr. Speaker, the ican National Red Cross has recently ring buoy handed to her by her mother, Women Volunteers in Politics-VIP's­ brought to my attention a heartening Miss Tripp swam to the troubled swimmer, in San Diego County, Calif., have written example of courageous action by a young shouting encouragement and instructions to American. Miss Karen Irene Tripp, of tread water. After reaching the swimmer, expressing their commitment to the Dec­ Tawas City, Mich., has been named to she towed him Into shore with the ring buoy, laration of Independence, the Constitu­ receive the Red Cross Certificate of continuing to reassure him. She then assist­ tion of the United States, and the Bill of Merit and accompanying pin, for her ed others in treating the victim for shock by Rights. They have -asked thrut- I - insert quick work in saving a drowning swim­ wrapping towels around his body. Within an this letter in the RECORD. mer. This is the highest award given by hour the victim seemed completely recovered I and left the scene. Without doubt, the hope that my colleagues will find the American Red Cross to a person who their expression of commitment to the saves or sustains a Ufe by using skills prompt, unhesitating action of Miss Tripp and knowledge learned in a volunteer saved the victim from drowning. basic documents of our freedoms of in- 14194 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 terest and include the letter to be re­ stitute and the Boston Wool Trade As­ company would have to engage in a lot of printed at this point in the RECORD: sociation. costly transactions that are simply not necessary." WoMEN V.I.P.'s, But Exxon seemed to tell a. different story La Mesa, Calif.• May 14, 1976. to state tax authorities. Congressman CLAIR BURGENER, In the Wisconsin tax case, Mr. Thomas G. House Office Building, OIL COMPANIES SUPPORT Ragatz, counsel for Exxon, said: Our evi­ Washington, D.O. DIVESTITURE dence will show th.ait none of (Exxon's) DEAR CONGRESSMAN BURGENER: In tlus Bi· functional departments are integral parties centennial year the Women V .I.P.'s (Volun­ of a unitary business composed of all func­ teers in Polltlcs) wtsh to shout :from the tions combined; rather 1lt will show that each rooftops and publicly acclaim our love for HON·. ABNER J. MIKVA function is independerut and not unitary to, and our dedication to those three great docu­ OF ILLINOIS or an integral part of, any other function. ments, the Declaration of Independence, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Repeatedly, the company made the argu­ the Constitution and the BUl of Rights. ment that each functional division--explo­ No other Natlon in the world has the Free­ Monday, May 17, 1976 ration, transportation, refining and market­ dom and individual Liberty for its people Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, I would ing stood on its own feet. Each, it was that these documents give to us. Because, as claimed, was "operated as separate businesses in our Pledge of Allegiance, we are One Na­ like to bring to the attention of my in competition with other oil companies hav­ tion Under God. colleagues an article by the Honorable ing similar functions." So let those small groups of troublemak­ PHILIP A. HART, senior Senator from Thereby, it seems to me, was laid to rest ers who wish to change these documents the State of Michigan, on clivestiture of the most reasonable argument the industry etiher by force or smooth-sounding words, the major oil companies. Throughout his has made against vertical divestiture: That be hereby warned that the Women V.I.P.'s distinguished career of public service, somehow we would mess up the emciencies stand ready to protect, uphold and fight for that come from vertical integration. our Declaration of Independence, BUl of Senator HART has been one of the Na­ tion's most thoughtful analysts of the If-with the profit motive as their incen­ Rights and the Constitution. tive--the companies already have organized To this end we pledge our fortunes our impact of monopolistic business practices into functional units, we can assume this 1s lives and our sacred honor. upon the American economy d.nd the the most emclent arrangement. Approved unanimously at our May 13th American consumer. In the following And, it becomes clear that we will not do 1976 Meeting. article, which appeared in the April1976 great harm to the industry by moving these DoROTHEA K. BENNER, edition of the Consumer Federation of separate functional units out from under National Legislation Chairman. America News, Senator HART shows the the corporate umbrella and into the competi­ inconsistencies inherent in the argu­ tive world. What the Wisconsin Exxon testimony has ments of the large oil companies against done for us Is to give evidence that the real BilL TO REMOVE TARIFF ON WOOLS clivestiture, and further shows how those world recognizes what the theoretical world OF 46's GRADES AND COARSER same oil company arguments have been preaches--that competition, within a com­ contradicted in statements made in open pany or outside it, 1s the best road for all. court by Exxon Oil Co.'s own attorney. It seems a small step to move those .. mini­ HON. ALBERT H. QUIE The article follows: competitive" segments into a world o! "maxi­ OF MINNESOTA [From the consumer Federation of America competition". News, April 1976] But, I believe, it 1s a step that will help IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Is BREAKING UP HARD TO Do? energy consumers---and all consumers-­ Monday, May 17, 1976 (By Senator Philip A. Hart) everywhere. Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, I am today in­ The ad on the television was picture clear: THE DIVESTIT'ORE PROCESS troducing for myself and Congressman There was the jigsaw puzzle. And the message Inevitably the question arises as to how KARTH was that each piece of the on industry Inter­ divestiture can be accomplished. How do you legislation to remove the tariff on go breaking up an Exxon, a Shell, a Phillips? wools of 46's grades and coarser. These locked-just llke the jigsaw puzzle. Clearly we were being subtly told that lf, heaven The industry has informed us that it is just wools, which are produced only in mini­ forbid, the government should step in and about impossible. The faot is, of course, that mal quantities, if at all, in the United pry the pieces separate from each other, our financiers, our accountants, our cor­ States, have for many years been free of the whole system bullt up over the years porate lawyers, and our courts have had dec­ duty if used in the manufacture of car­ would collapse. ades of experience in handling all of the pets, papermakers' felts, lumbermen's It was an entertalnlng ad-and to many problems which would arise. Because they socks and some other products. quite persuasive. Then, one day, Senate do arise almost every day of the week in any This bill would simply extend this Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee staff­ kind of corporate reorganization, regardless ers made a trip to Wisconsin and picked up of whether it comes from court-ordered di­ same treatment to all other products in the transcript of a case In the Tax Appeals vestitures (ranging !rom the 1911 Standard which these coarser wools can be used. Commission-Exxon Corporation vs. Wis­ Oil case to the pending divestiture by Kenne­ It is my belief that this legislation will consin Department of Revenue. cott of Peabody Coal), bankruptcy proceed­ increase the use of the finer wools which At issue was whether the state could &~pply ings, voluntary divestitures, and even merg­ are produced in great quantity in this a formula for taXing the entire operation of ers. The problem in all of them is to do the country, by stimulating the manufacture Exxon or must tax only the marketing busi­ best possible job of protecting the equities of products in which the finer domestic ness carried on in the state boundaries. of all parties. The key question was: Is Exxon a com­ Mergers are not usually thought of in this and coarser foreign wools can be blended. pany so integrated-so commingled-so de­ connection, yet they raise just as many prob­ Blankets are an example. pendent, one diVision on the other-that lems of equity as divestitures. The off-again Mr. Speaker, the decline in the use of it would be called "unitary"? on-again attempt of Mobil Oil to merge its wool in this country in recent years is a If it were decreed "unitary", it would have affiliate, Marcor, is a case in point. Will an cause of great concern and I am delighted to pay higher taxes in Wisconsin-and a outright merger fairly treat those Marcor to have the opportunity to make what I number of other states. stockholders with roughly $600 million am certain will be a contribution to stim­ For those o! us who think that this in­ equity in Marcor who have evidently chosen ulating usage of this fiber. dustry can manage quite wf'll if broken up not to sell out to Mobil over the past couple into separate divisions, by function, the o! years? wm the issue of Mobil stock in I want to make it clear that this legis­ company's response was instructive. connection with the merger dilute the equity lation is not intended to establish a prec­ Exxon-and all the other major oil com­ of existing Mobil stockholders? And how edent for removal of the tariff on wools panies---had lectured the Antitrust Subcom­ about the del:Yt? Wlll those investors who finer than 46's, the so-called apparel­ mittee for years as to the essential value hold three quarters of a blllion dollars in type wools. The domestic wool produc­ vertical integration gives to the company. Ma.rcor debt have more or less security in a Mr. Frank Ikard, president of the American merger with Mobil, which has $1 billlon of ing industry needs that protection pro­ Petroleum Institute, told the subcom.mlttee its own long-term debt? Evidently the direc­ vided by this tariff. It is with this under­ that if divestiture legislation were to separate tors of both Mobil and Marcor are fully standing that my bill has the endorse­ the !unctions o! the major companies, confident that these questions can be worked ment of the National Wool Growers As­ it: " ... Would inevitably cause every com­ out satisfactorily to most of the investors in­ sociation. It is also supported by the pany, regardless of its degree of integration, volved, because they know that the expertise American Textile Manufacturers In- to become less emcient than it is now. Each needed to do the job exists. May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14195 What are the mechanics o! divestiture? departments in such companies are generally w1ll be maintained between Cairo and Mos­ The simplest approach is to have the exist­ treated as independent businesses." cow. Both sides have too much at stake to ing integrated companies establish separate The point of this is clear. There are already accept a complete split. subsidiaries in the functions to be divested­ in place the accounting and financial data production, pipelines, refining, and market­ necessary to perinit the rapid development It is becoming increasingly apparent ing. The subsidiaries could be sold or spun and implementation of any divestiture plan from recent press reports that both the off. Given the magnitudes involved, the spin­ which should be required by Congress. Egyptians and the Soviets are going out off is the most likely solution, with stock­ of their way to avoid a "complete split." holders in the original company receiving, To many observers, the Moscow-Cairo pro rata, shares in each o! the subsidiaries. rift is more analogous to a lovers' spat In other words, each stockholder would have or even a trial separation than to a di­ the same residual claim to assets after di­ U.S.S.R. AND EGYPT vestiture as he had before. In order to pre­ vorce, as the administration would have vent continuation of common control, of us believe. Recent actions by both sides course, large stockholders would be allowed clearly indicate that a mood of reconcili­ a period of time in which to decide which HON. BENJAMiN S. ROSENTHAL ation surrounds present Soviet and Egyp­ function they chose to retain and to dispose OF NEW YORK tian attitudes. of their stockholdings in the other functions. Sadat's May Day 1976 speech in Suez General corporate debt can be allocated IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES spoke of the Russians in a conciliatory among the new functional companies on Monday, May 17, 1976 tone, saying: some reasonable basis, such as the corpora­ tion's investment in the different functions. Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, on We do not wish to enter a battle or escalate Another merger example is useful here. March 14 Egyptian President Sadat a battle with the Soviet Union. United Gas had 11 separate debenture issues called for the abrogation of Egypt's Furthermore, his decision to back away at the time it was acquired by Pennzoil in treaty of friendship and cooperation with from a threalt to publish a list of griev­ 1968. These were replaced by comparable the Soviet Union. This action, regarded ances against the Russians also comes Pennzoil issues, with a modest cash reserve by many observers as a climax to the established to redeem debentures of in­ out of an apparent desire to play down vestors who preferred not to exchange their rapidly deteriorating relationship be­ Egypt's differences with Moscow. Other old securities for Pennzoil. Incidentally, the tween the two countries, seemed to some recent developments include: whole process was reversed a few years later to signal Sadat's desire to adopt a for­ The signing of a new trade agreement when Pennzoil was required by the FPC to eign policy decidedly more pro-Western after several months of delay, divest United Gas Pipeline Co. and pro-American. A Soviet delegation expected in June PENSION RIGHTS PROTECTED Fresh on the heels of Sadat's an­ to discuss a long-term commercial ac­ Witnesses in Subcommittee hearings also nouncement, the Ford administration in­ cord, raised a question about the effect of divesti­ formed Congress of its decision to sell Instructions to the Egyptian press to ture on pension rights. Again, this is a prob­ six C-130 combat transport planes to modify the anti-Soviet tone of its recent lem which arises frequently and is solved Egypt and to provide training for Egyp­ articles, and on the basis of existing law. Thus, Scovill tian personnel in U.S. military schools. Manufacturing Co. sold its last metals divi­ Continued Soviet use of naval mainte­ This decision, the administration nance and supply facilities at the port of sion for $40 Inillion a couple of weeks ago. claimed, was based largely on Egypt's The purchase price included $22 Inillion in Alexandria. cash; the balance represented mostly the desire to work more closely with the Likewise, the Soviets appear to be try­ assumption by the buyer of the unfunded United States, and its decision to repudi­ ing to "minimize the damage" of their portion of pension obligations for Scovill em­ ate previous policies of close cooperation break with Mr. Sadat. Common diplo­ ployees who were transferred to the new em­ with the U.S.S.R. in the political, eco­ matic ground was reached when the So­ ployer. There was no problem, in other nomic and military fields. viets called for a resumption of the Ge­ words, with the pension rights of employees Despite efforts in Congress to stop the neva Peace Conference, and Egyptian under the divestiture action. will be The crunch question, of course, is: Can the arms sale, the transaction car­ Foreign Minister Fahmy met recently affected companies make reasonable and ried out amidst administration assur­ with the Soviet Ambassador to Cairo, equitable allocations of assets, liabilities and ances that there will be no further arms their first meeting since the friendship net worth necessary to accomplish divesti­ sales to Egypt this year and this deal treaty was abrogated. ture? The answer has to be yes. constitutes no precedent. If the present pattern of reconcilia­ Three majors-Gulf, Sun, and Continen­ As I already indicated, the administra­ tion in Soviet-Egyptian relations is not tal-have already done so internally. They tion's justification for the arms sale was the beginning or a continuation of an have reorganized their corporate structures based largely on Egypt's decision to turn arms supply relationship, it has certainly to provide separate functional subsidiaries, away from Moscow and pursue friendlier placed their relationship on firmer including production, refining, marketing, relations with the United States. and transportation. These are separately-in­ ground. corporated subsidiaries, each with its own in­ At the time, I expressed skepticism Very careful attention should be given come statement and balance sheet, in which over what seemed to be an exaggeration to the future shape of Soviet-Egyptian the sole stockholder is the parent. Divesti­ of the extent of the Soviet-Egyptian fall­ relations and the manner in which they ture by these companies simply requires that out. Despite official claims to the con­ could and should affect American-Egyp­ the parent dispose of its stock in the sub­ trary, intelligence reports show Soviet tian relations, the balance of power in the sidiaries affected by the legislation. arms shipments to Egypt did not halt Middle East and the achievement of an The same thing can be said generally for after the Yom Kippur War. Moreover, overall peace settlement. pipeline divestiture. Nearly all pipelines are nearly all of Egypt's losses in the 1973 separately-incorporated entitles with their war were replaced by the Soviets, and it own company owners as shareholders. is widely believed that Egypt is contin­ But how about the production, refining uing to receive additional Soviet weap­ and marketing operations of other majors? SORRY CHARLIE! Here we may rely on the testimony of Ex­ ons, directly or through Eastern Euro­ xon's witnesses in its case against the Wis­ pean countries. consin Department of Revenue, as men­ In an earlier statement in which I HON. HELENS. MEYNER tioned earlier. spoke out against arms sales to Egypt, I OF NEW JERSEY One of Exxon's expert witnesses was t_he quoted from a monograph entitled "So­ managing director of Arthur Andersen's viet Arms Aid in the Middle East," pub­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Houston qffice, which audits the books of a lished by Georgetown University Center Monday, May 17, 1976 number of integrated companies other than for Strategic and International Studies. Exxon. On the basis of 28 years' experience, An important and even prophetic section Mrs. MEYNER. Mr. Speaker, the purse the witness testified that "all [integrated] seine method for tuna fishing, which companies use the functional profitab111ty in the article states: kills hundreds of thousands of porpoises independence for measuring the perform­ Despite the recent vicissitudes 1n Soviet­ Egyptian relations and Cairo's probing for each year, has been ordered halted with- ance of their various operations." He in 2 weeks by a May 12 District responded affirmatively to a question by Ex­ U.S. and Western European arms, it stm ap­ u.s. xon's counsel as to "whether these functional pears that some type of working arrangement Court order. I applaud the wisdom of the 14196 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 court in ruling that the interests of the man of the social science division during tions. In my opinion, the elimination of tuna industry, important as they are, the vital developmental years of UNLV. price controls and tripling the price of must be served only after protection of In the late 1950's and the 1960's, Dr. natural gas will not significantly increase the animals is assured. Wright served on most of the key com­ gas supplies even in the short run. Although the purse seine method was mittees which worked out the plans and This approach is unfair to the consumer an eminently successful response by our the policies which eventually led to the and it will not resolve our gas supply tuna companies to the Japanese chal­ emergence of UNLV as an increasingly problems. lenge of the 1950's, it was disastrous for autonomous institution within the Uni­ Further, high-priced natural gas is porpoises. This is well known. I am sure versity of Nevada system. His patient going to fuel inflation-not provide en­ that many of us have received stacks of and skilled negotiations often served to ergy for the American people. mail from children as well as adults lessen the tensions between the grow­ voicing deep concern about the rapidly ing southern institution and its allied dwindling numbers of this friendly, in­ university in Reno. In addition, Dr. telligent mammal. Young people of all Wright remained active as a research THE NEWS MEDIA AND THE CIA ages who loved Flipper and who flocked scholar, and the University of Nevada to see the ''Day of the Dolphin" could Press in 1970 published his monograph not bear to think of these creatures "Lincoln and the Politics of Slavery." HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER trapped in nets, drowned by the hun­ As one of his colleagues has remarked, OF WISCONSIN dreds of thousands, wasted. A can of In describing John Wright, the great prob­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tuna hardly seemed worth that price. lem Is that it is difilcult to avoid sounding Monday, May 17, 1976 One seventh-grade correspondent of like an insincere panegyrist when one is mine said: merely noting a few of his more obvious Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, Instead of writing me back, talk to some­ qualities. Charles Seib is not only one of America's invaluable columnists; he also serves as body, have a meeting with somebody. If you As a teacher, he has been noted for don't do something about it, I will try to. an ombudsman, watchdog, and in-house his thorough preparation and deep critic of the press which makes him a I urge the House of Representatives to knowledge of American History, for his unique and much-needed individual. pass legislation in support of the District patience and fairness, and for his firm In his May 14, 1976, article in the Court decision. I hope to be able to belief that students should not be Washington Post, Charles Seib discusses reassure the children, especially, that treated as numbers, but rather as indi­ the matter of CIA in:filtration into Amer­ Congress has "had a meeting" about the viduals. Dr. Wright's administrative ap­ ican journalism and the foreign media. porpoises. proach is widely-even fondly-remem­ bered, for he pursued his tasks with a As chairman of the House Judiciary Sub­ sense of humanity and not with a pro­ committee on Courts, Civil Liberties, and AN OUTSTANDING EDUCATOR DE­ clivity for bureaucratic manipulation the Administration of Justice, I am nat­ SERVES RECOGNITION and insensitivity. A quiet and self-ef­ urally interested in and have dealt with facing man, he provided leadership and legislative and constitutional questions inspiration for his colleagues purely by involving the press. Thus, I am particu­ HON. JIM SANTINI the moral force of his example as a larly sensitive to the issue raised by OF NEVADA Christian gentleman. Charles Seib. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES One cannot easily summarize the char­ There has been a relative lack of in­ vestigative zeal on the part of the press Monday, May 17, 1976 acter or the influence of John Wright. Those who have known him and who in making revelations about the CIA use Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, I am have been privileged to ha.ve been his of the press. One can only draw the con­ pleased to join with other proud Ne­ colleagues will agree that there is an in­ clusion that the American press cannot vadans in honoring Dr. JohnS. Wright tangible, ineffable quality to the man­ always be relied upon, particularly when upon the occasion of his retirement from a compound of gentleness, tolerance, pa­ it cannot do the right thing respecting the Department of History of the Uni­ tience, and good will. The final tribute, itself. The press, in this instance, has un­ versity of Nevada, Las Vegas, on May 15, then, must be to John Wright the man­ fortunately subordinated the public's 1976. Through his 20 years of distin­ a fine teacher, a devoted scholar, and a right-to-know to its own self-interests. guished service, Dr. Wright has made gentleman of dignity and great worth. The Seib article correctly states the in­ numerous contributions to the field of herent problem in this situation-one education and our understanding of cannot be part of the national security American history. police state apparatus and still claim to To convey to you the importance of THE NATURAL GAS BILL serve the free press. the accomplishments Dr. Wright has COMPROMISE lf its his­ hensive set of anti··infiation poUcies to Con­ happens to Muhammad. We all gonna come torical rate. As a result, the nation lost some gress every year. This program must include and go, Jesus, Moses, Zacharius, Jacob, An­ $500 billion in production of goods and serv­ an inflation information system to alert the drew, Bartholomew, John, Paul, Isaac, Isaiah, ices in the last five years alone. And we can President and Congress to emerging inflation you know, all come and go . . . I can't be expect to lose another $600 to $900 billion problems, a program to expand the supply of fired, you can't fire talent." by 1980. goods, services, labor and capital in tight Is he "clean" now? That astounding waste lies at the center of markets, and recommendations to strengthen "Straight as an arrow,'' he responds. our economic problems. And coming to grips antitrust enforcement and to increase com­ He says he still has "a contribution," to with it requires fundamental reform of the petition. Furthermore. the President is re­ make, "far beyond what people are lookin' way in which we manage our economy. It re­ quired to recommend any actmtnistrativll or at, they're lookin' at all this flare and this quires that this nation answer the basic legislative actions he feels are necessary to sizzle." What he wants to be, he says, is question of whether or not it is an important promote reasonable price stablity. "a liaison" between oil-rich countries and function of government to assure that all I disagree with those who claim that low impoverished ones. He says he's negotiating citizens willing and able to work are given un.employment means high inflation. In the with Kuwait, and wants to arrange loans for an opportunity to do so. 1960s inflation averaged only 2.3 per cent other countries. "You see, I'm a student of The Full Employment and Balanced and the unemployment rate averaged 4.8 per economics. I'm a businessman." He also ad­ Growth Act of 1976, authored by Rep. Augus­ cent. In the last few years we have seen mits he hasn't made his first deal yet--but, tus Hawkins and me, is one proposed answer that as unemployment came down from the then, even Ali told him he was "crazy" when to that question. This measure, co-sponsored 9 per cent level, inflation was cut in half­ he said he could raise $10 million for a fight by many other members of both houses of from about 12 per cent to 6 per cent. to Zaire. Congress, proposes a general economic policy This bill is not intended to provide all of "Every little promotion I do is a big pro­ framework and a package of programs that the answers to every eoonoinic situation that motion," he says. "Get ready for one of the vary from year to year depending on eco­ Inight develop. But it does face up to the cru­ biggest in the world, it has nothin' to do noinic conditions and decisions by Congress cial need to streamline government and with prize fighting, and it's gonna blow the and the President. This flexibility is a major make it more efficient and responsive. mind of everybody. strength of the bill. It requires the Congress and the Pres­ "So, I'll be around." The Act is based on two simple, yet pro­ ident to undertake a complete review of all Trust him. found, premises: First, that work and pro­ existing government rules and regulations to ductivity are better than welfare and waste; determine which still serve the public in­ and, second, that the full use of our human terest and which should be ellminated. And and capital resources is in the best interest it further requires them to carry out each of all the American people. year an In-depth evaluation and review of 20 PUTTING AMERICA BACK TO WORK The principal thrust of the Act is to en­ per cent of the dollar volume of existing courage the creation of job opportunities in federal programs. Thus, all government pro­ private enterprise through tax credit and grams would receive a special intensive eval­ HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS budget policies that will stimulate the uation at least once every five years, thereby giving Congress and the executive branch OF NEW JERSEY private sector in a balanced and sustainable way. the information necessary to atnend, extend IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Many of the auxiliary programs, such as or eliininate programs. Monday, May 17, 1976 the incentive program to revitalize de­ As a result, the bill does what many peo­ pressed areas, the skills-training and job­ ple only talk about. That is, it faces up to the Mr. DOMINICK V. DANIELS. Mr. placement grant.s and loans from the problems of overregulation, excessive bu­ Speaker, I am inserting into the RECORD development financing institutions, are reaucracy and programs that don't work or today an editorial which appeared in specifically designed to create jobs in private cost too much. the Washington Post on Friday, May 14, industry. Moreover, the programs for The Act also calls for more systematic and 1976, written by the distinguished Sen­ emergency public works and community de­ structured long-range planning. It became velopment would provide jobs in private obvious with the energy crisis and food price ator from Minnesota, HuBERT H. HUM­ explosion of the Inid-1970s that we must do PHREY. business by channeling funds to private contractors. Additional activities under the a much better job of anticipating future Senator HUMPHREY, who along with my bill will supplement and not supplant the problems, their econoinic impact and what friend and colleague, Representative private sector. It is not a public service to do about them. The bill allows us to look AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS, authored H.R. 50, jobs proposal. ahead. the Full Employment and Balanced Beyond these measures. I am convinced The Act sets an initial objective of reduc­ that econoinic policy must be broadened to Growth Act of 1976, wrote this editorial ing unemployment among adults to not more as a response to editorials which ap­ treat systematically structural problems that than three per cent within four years. This is impede growth, employment and price sta­ peared in the Washington Post on March an ambitious goal, but it can be done. The bility. The bill reflects this conviction and 30 and May 8 dealing with jobs legis­ President is required to inform Congress would require a range of supplemental poli­ lation. of his views on this goal and to recommend cies: As chairman of the Manpower, Com­ any changes he believes are needed. A comprehensive youth employment pro­ pensation, and Health and Safety Sub­ The Act also provides for a new coopera­ gram to provide jobs, training and employ­ committee, which held 6 days of hear­ tive relationship whereby the President and ment services to young people who are un­ the Congress, working with the Federal able to find work without assistance; ings on H.R. 50, I am most concerned Reserve Board, would establish explicit, about the continuing unemployment A financial institution responsible for en­ numerical goals each year for employment, couraging private and public investment in problem which our Nation faces and the production and purchasing power. That is economically depressed regions, econoinic lack of initiative the present administra­ the most crucial reform in the legislation. sectors and inner cities; and tion is showing in dealing with this situ­ Last year, by contrast, instead of setting A program designed to correct federal tax, ation. My colleague Mr. HAWKINS has de­ positive goals that would challenge economic spending and employment policies that have voted long hours of hard work and in­ policy, the debate degenerated into nothing undermined the economic strength of certain in more than a superficial discussion of the regions and areas of the country. vestigation to the concepts envisioned size of the federal deficit and the rate of H.R. 50 and the formation of a flexible The Act recognizes that public policy has increase in the money supply. No progress responded much too slowly during periods of general economic policy framework. was made and policy suffered. economic instability and seeks to eliminate The report for H.R. 50 was filed by In addition, the bill places new require­ this problem with a comprehensive counter­ the Education and Labor Committee on ments on the Federal Reserve to make its cyclical manpower program, including such May 14. I strongly urge my colleagues to credit and interest rate policies respond to elements as accelerated public works, com­ consider this piece of legislation care­ these national economic poli-.::y decisions. If munity development, anti-recession support fully, and the importance of establishing they do not, the President can make recom­ to states and local governments, and emer­ a goal of full employment for our Na- mendations to the Board and Congress to gency public service jobs. These programs CXXII--896---Part 12 14200 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 are designed to begin and end. automatically in a day-care center: Child Garden Montes­ That was the aim of the vetoed b111. It de­ as economic conditions warrant. sori. layed the standards a bit longer and provided Finally, the Act creates a new Full Employ­ One of the kids 1s 3%-year-old Laura an extra $125 mill1on to help the states meet ment omce 1n the Department of Labor. It Lacey. She is well-dressed, bright, articulate, them. President Ford, 1n vetoing it, said 1s required to assist all those able and. will­ happy, active: the model of what we have nothing about the earlier agreement, worked ing to work to find decent jobs. A reservoir come to think of as the middle-class chtld. out so carefully by his own people and Con­ of useful publicly financed jobs will be But in fact the Federal Government pays her gress. He objected to the whole idea of Fed­ available for those who have no other em­ fee at the center, $130 a month. eral standards and introduced the new de­ ployment opportunities, up to the llm1ts of Laura Lacey is the reality at the heart of mand that day-care money be included in the annual numerical employmelllt ~oal set an abstract political debate. President Ford Federal block grants for community services. by Congress. recently vetoed a bill providing added fund­ Unless Congress acts on new legislation, Fed­ The direct cost of author1z1ng the Act 1s ing for day care, saying that it violated his eral standards will now take effect without less than $50 million to establish the general principles for Federal aid, and the Senate money to meet them. policy framework for full employment. The fatled to override the veto. Unless Congress The real reawn for the veto was evidently indirect costs-tha.t is, those determined by finds a way around the President's objec­ the specter of . The President subsequent legislation to fulfill the mandate tions. Laura Lacey w111 have to leave the wanted to look tough, and what could be of the Act-will be arrived at each year with­ Child Garden day-care center. tougher than to drive children out of day­ in the goal-setting process. Laura's mother, Geraldine Lacey, a slim care centers. should have to ex­ Assuming a normal economic recovery, I attractive woman of 34, is separated from her plain to Laura and Geraldine Lacey. see no reason to expect 1nd1reot budget costs husband. She worked as a secretary but to exceed $8 to $12 billion, after taking into found, she said, that she did not make account the drastically decreased costs of enough to support herself and the chtld. So welfare and the increased revenues from she went back to school, to the University uf I. F. STONE ON "THE THREAT TO taxes. In contrast, under present policies, Minnesota, where she hopes to become a excessive unemployment in 1976 alone wtll nurse. While there she is on welfare--a fact THE REPUBLIC" cost the U.S. Treasury more than $50 btllion that troubles her. 1n lost tax revenues and increased costs for "People think of welfare as a leech on unemployment compensation, food stamps society," Mrs. Lacey said, "and I feel that HON. BELLA S. ABZUG and welfare. way, too. My ego is bruised. I want to study OF NEW YORK The full Employment and Balanced Growth to get off welfare." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mrs. Lacey had Laura in a private home Act embodies the best in current thinking Monday, May 17, 1976 about how to ensure full production in our first-a woman minding half a dozen chil­ economy and modern, coordina.ted policy­ dren-but that turned out to be a depressing Ms. ABZUG. Mr. Speaker, the current making in our government. Undoubtedly, it place. Then she looked at many day-care cen­ issue of the New York Review of Books will be refined and improved during debate, ters before choosing Child Garden. includes a thoughtful article by I. F. discussion and committee hearings. But the "The kids looked so nice here," she said, strategy set forth in the Act provides our "and they were interested in Laura when she Stone on the congressional investiga­ best chance for sustaining a healthy economy cam~idn't resent a new child, as I'd seen tions of the intelligence community by while providing the greatest opportunities for in other places. I was so happy to see that. the House and Senate select committees. product! ve and constructive work to all And I though it mattered that there was a In addition to detailing the gross Americans. man teaching here. a:buses of the intelligence agencies and "I hope I don't have to move Laura their refusal to cooperate with the in­ now-1 don't think it's healthy to keep changing. I'm just depressed ..." vestigating committees, Mr. Stone goes The situation of Geraldine and Laura on to observe that they are not even very CHILDREN AND POLITICS Lacey 1s not unusual in the United States good at doing what they are supposed to now. There are 2.8 million American children be doing: between 2% and 6 who Uve with their mother The secret agencies fall in the task of HON. SHIRLEY CHISHOLM alone. And altogether, 6.5 mill1on of that age really intelligent assessment of human aspi­ OF NEW YORK have working mothers. ration and social forces for several reasons. The trend toward working mothers and One 1s that they attract a large proportion of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES single-parent families has made day care screwballs, crackpots, paranoids. A second 1s Monday, May 17, 1976 an essential factor in many lives. It enables that the nature of the profession makes many women to work instead of going on paranoia its occupational disease. The third Mrs. CIDSHOLM. Mr. Speaker, in this welfare--and thereby to save public funds. is that ruling classes and bureaucracies gen­ morning's New York Times, an article Welfare costs the Government about three erally prefer the paranoid explanation. If by Anthony Lewis summarized the cur­ times as much as day care. trouble, if protest against the Vietnam war, rent national situation with respect to The Federal Government now provides if radical agitation for social justice, if day care. Despite the overwhelming sup­ $600 million a year for care of children in racial rising against discrimination are just poorer famtlies, matched by $200 mill1on the product of Satanic "subversives" plotting port on the part of this House, the failure from the states. The question inevitably de­ last week in the Senate to override Mr. unrest, then there 1s no need to amend poli­ bated is to what extent Federal standards for cies, to give up ruling class privileges. All Ford's unwise and unsound veto will day care should go along with Federal money. one need do is purge and imprison the "con­ have dire consequences for all child care Congressional supporters of day care funds, spirators." The spies blind their masters facilities in which children from pov­ such as Senator Walter Mondale of Minne­ comfortably to realities. It wasn'·t for lack of erty-level homes are enrolled. sota, have not wanted to set up a tight net­ spies that the Czars fell. The argument proffered by the ad­ work of Federal rules. They agree that regu­ ministration in Mr. Ford's veto message lation should be left largely to state and The Stone piece is eminently worth did nothing to answer to the real prob­ localities. reading, and I include its full text in the On the other hand, studies have shown RECORD at this point: lems which have resulted from a lack of widespread and gruesome examples of bad Federal moneys for title XX centers. day care, unsafe buildings, children ignored THE THREAT TO THE REPUBLIC The problem is one of the inability to because of inadequate staff, and so on. Sen­ {I. F. Stone) meet health and safety codes---not just ator Mondale and others in Congress have It can be said-but it would be unwise Federal staff requirements--and, be­ felt that Federal money should not be used to dwell on it-that the Church and Pike cause of this veto, many day care cen­ to send children to such places-that it committee reports represent the first time should be used, gradually, to assure a decent in history any country's legislature has ever ters throughout the country are facing environment in places where children will investigated, exposed, and shamed its 1ntell1- shutdowns. spend as much as eight hours a day. gence agencies and their "dirty tricks." Long I would like to insert into the RECORD In 1974, after long negotiations, the Ford before electronics, as far back as the Rome Mr. Lewis' eloquent discussion of "Chil­ Administration and Congress agreed on mod­ of the Caesars, a spy-haunted society feared, dren and Politics," for the consideration est Federal standards. A new law required as Tacitus tells us, that somehow walls day care centers, first, to meet state and local might have ears.1 But a degenerate Senate, of all my colleagues in the House: rules on fire, safety and health. And it estab­ ClllLDREN AND POLITl:CS lished stamng standards, for example one (By Anthony Lewis) adult teacher or volunteer to about six chil­ 1 "Never was Rome more distracted and MlNNEAPOLIS.-Nestled against a Wall of dren between 2% and 6. terror-stricken. Meetings, conversations, the St. Mary's Basilica, a hulking old church near When the time approached to apply those ear of friend and stranger were alike downtown M1nneapolis, 1s a small play­ standards, it turned out that many centers shunned; even things mute and lifeless, the ground. Ten children, 2% to 6 years old, use could not meet them. Conditions were worse very roofs and walls, were eyed With sus­ the swings and slide and run over to talk than had been realized. The states asked for picion" (The Annals of Tacitus, 4.69, Mod­ With their teacher, Michael Young. They are more time and more Federal help. ern Library edition). May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14201 though constitutionally and nomlnally still kind, and indeed all "do-gooders," a favorite denoted by "Italics" and a footnote explain­ all-powerful, lacked the will to do anything term of contempt with J. Edgar Hoover. The ing them. about it. bomb squads, Red squads, anarchist squads An example Is Chapter X on CIA influence Unfortunately there is little prospect that appeared in many cities during the ninteenth in academic Institutions, the media, andre­ our Senate, and our Congress, will behave century were the FBI's progenitors, as they ligious organizations. There are several any better. Between the time this is being rema.in its collaborators. American history italicized references to "university officials written and the time it will be read, the can be read as a continuous struggle between and professors" who "provide leads and make Senate is expected to vote on a first timid democracy and property, and in that per­ introductions for intelligence purposes." One effort at reform, an intelligence oversight spective there is no doubt where the secret suspects that originally the phrasing plainly committee. But its prospects are dim, and police stand. said they helped the CIA recruit on cam­ some of its provisions dubious. Their true role as the janissaries of prop­ pus. The report as published did not specu­ The Republican White House and the erty is only implicit, of course, in these late on the fact that the relation between Democratic Old Guard in the Senate are in carefully manicured Church reports. Nor do university officials and professors on the one a bipartisan alliance against any real re­ the reports make more than a partial breach hand and students on the other Is hardly form. A similar coalition in the House-led in the secrecy which shrouds the agencies. one of equallty, and the door ls thus opened by the Republican McClory of illinois and We must assume, after all we have learned, to favoritism or discrimination, depending the Democrat Stratton of New York-is that the committee staff itself was penetrat­ on the student's reaction to the indecent blocking bills to revive and clear the way ed by the agencies. The reports themselves­ proposal. for publication of the suppressed Pike re­ as internal evidence will reveal to a careful The most dramatic evidence of last-min­ port. The secret agencies are smugly confi­ reading-were the product of a continuous ute struggle is the blank white and the no­ dent that they have not only weathered the wrangle among the staff, the committee, and tation "[deleted]" which cover all but a few storm but entrenched themselves. the agencies. The agencies controlled what lines on page 332 of Book 1. This was the Their strength has deep roots. The great went out of their files and what went into concluding portion of that section on the masters of property in our society are un­ the reports. The effort to censor as much as total size of the aggregate intelligence budg­ willing to give up "dirty tricks" in defense possible and the effort to tell as much as et for fiscal year 1976, which begins at page of their investments and privileges at home possible have left their marks. The final 330 with the sentence, "The Committee's and abroad. For them, the end justifies the product must be read with extreme care. analysis indicated that [deleted] blllion con­ means, just as surely as for their adversaries Every formulation, almost every word, must stituted the direct costs to the United States in Moscow and Peking. Radicals, opponents be evaluated not only for what it does say for its national intelligence program for FY of the existing order, critics who go too far, but for what it does not say. The latter is 1976." A footnote said it was "deleted pend­ are fair game, outside the law, on both sides. sometimes the more revealing. Ing further Committee consideration," and It is not an accident that--as the Church The committee had power to subpoena, on the very morning the report was given to the committee found-the FBI has twice as paper, but there are indications throughout press the committee voted to let the full Sen­ many informers in radical or liberal organi­ the report that the agencies withheld much ate decide on whether to disclose the full zations as in organized crime. in many areas which the committee wanted figure. The main job of a political secret police to explore. "The Central Intell1gence Agen­ The nonsense that publication of that fig­ in any society is to keep in power those who cy," the committee says in the introduction ure would somehow reveal secrets to the have it. When the Roman Senate, after one to Volume 1 (p. 7), "and other agencies of enemy prevailed in committee and wm prob­ particularly terrible scandal, tried to put the executive branch have limited the Com­ ably prevail on the Senate floor, although some limit on informers, the Emperor mittee's access to the full record.... In former CIA director James Schlesinger testi­ Tiberlus interposed his veto, saying, "Bet­ some highly important areas . . . the Com­ fied (p. 377) "that our enemies already know ter to subvert the constitution than to re­ mittee has been refused access to files or doc­ in the first place and it's broadly published." move its guardians." 2 Though no one today uments." Elsewhere (p. 470) the report says that di­ speaks so frankly, that is still the answer In assessing the feasib111ty of congressional rect and indirect inte111gence costs are of those who cannot bring themselves al­ oversight, one must not forget this initial roughly 3 percent of the total budget. The together to prohibit "dirty tricks." and successful defiance of the power given total Is now over $400 b1llion. That would To understand the Intelligence miasma, Congress by the Constitution to oversee and bring the total costs, direct and indirect, one must look at the family tree of the CIA. control every department of government. secret and budgeted, of all inte111gence to The CIA is only the Institutionalization, This muted note indicates that the Church about twelve b1llion dollars. But committee though on a vast and unprecedented scale, committee knuckled under. The precedent sources, in this deplorable and labyrinthine of what we have done for more than a bodes 111 for congressional oversight. If this comedy, say that this figure is too high and century and a half in Latin America and was the best the Church committee could that their own way of reporting was mislead­ an earller China under the rubric of defend­ do, after the multitudinous revelations of ing. So now we must wait for the promised Ing "American lives and property." Watergate, what can one expect of a per­ Senate vote on whether to disclose the real Then we used State Department agents manent committee when press and public figure or leave it hidden. That vote will be and the US Marines. The Marines were bill opinion are once again somnolent? a neuralgic point in American constitutional collectors for National City Bank and en­ This withholding of whatever the agen­ history. forcers for the banana, oil, and sugar com­ cies did not wish to disclose was only the The battle over the figure still to be fought panies. What the CIA has done in Indo­ beginning of the struggle. At the outset of Its on the Senate floor Involves the most funda­ china, Iran, and Chile Is no diiferent in kind inquiry the committee put Its neck into a mental constitutional considerations. Con­ from the crass way Marines turned patriots noose by agreeing "in a meeting with Presi­ gress has two weapons in dealing with the into bandits and puppets into presidents in dent Ford" that It would not ~close any inte111gence agencies. One Is the power of Central America and the caribbean. It is classified information given it without con­ disclosure. The other Is the power of the only the means that have grown to keep sulting the agencies and "carefully consld­ purse. A vote to blank out the total w111 be a pace with the expansion of the American er[lng) the Executive's reasons for maintain­ vote to surrender both powers to the agen­ empire and new forms of exploitation like ing secrecy." The committee says that it re­ cies. The fight against absolutism, the fight the multinationals.s tained final decision. But It was inhibited for parliamentary supremacy, began with You cannot run an empire without secrecy. because attempts to go against agency wishes the power of the purse. In the eyes of the And you have to be ready to deal with tur­ would risk a White House blast and a refusal Framers nothing was more important in the bulent natives abroad and dissenting citizens of cooperation. So "virtually all difficulties Constitution than Article I, Section 9, at home. The FBI is well equipped to aid were resolved" and "the only significant ex­ Clause 7, which embodies that power. It says the CIA in that task. Its family tree, its ception" was the release of the Assassination "no Money shall be drawn from the Treas­ dominant prejudice against liberals and the Report last November even though the execu­ ury" except In pursuance of appropriations left, its coziness with the right, go back to tive branch thought this "would harm na­ made by law and that "a regular Statement the instinctive host111ty of propertied inter­ tional security." Since, even Ford had to go and Account of the Receipts and Expendi­ ests to whatever elements in our society on record against assassination, at least of tures of all public Money shall be published seemed to threaten property. This is how other nations' leaders and at least in peace­ from time to time." The CIA, unlike the they saw abolitionists, trade union orga­ time, the White House and the agencies had FBI, has from its beginning completely nizers, socialists, anarchists, radicals of any to swallow defeat on that one. evaded that clause. W111 the Senate take the But down to and well past the original final step In constitutional emasculation by 2 Tacitus, Annals 4.30. deadline for the report, it Is clear that the voting to keep secret even the aggregate to­ 3 General Smedley Butler, one of the best committee had to suffer constant revision tal of the cost of alllntelllgence agencies? and bravest men the Marine Corps ever pro­ and censorship. The committee notes that The baneful influence does not end with duced, got into trouble for tell1ng the truth three chapters, on "Cover," "Espionage," and the suppression of facts and figures. The re­ about the imperialist purposes he had "Budgetary Oversight," were omitted alto­ ports read as If written not only with the served from Cuba to the Philippines. See gether on the insistence of the agencies, agencies peering over the shoulders of the Lowell Thomas's biography of him, Old Gim­ along With two sections of the chapter on writers but actually participating in the let Eye ( 1933) and Butler's recently repub­ "Covert Action of the CIA" and one section phrasing. There are some passages which lished War Is a Racket (1935) tn Three Gen­ o~ the chapter "Department o~ State." Else­ sound as 1f they were written or rewritten at erals on War, Garland Publishing, New York where "particular passages" rewritten on the Langley or ln the FBI headquarters. There ia and London. insistence of the intelligence agencies were throughout a tendency to opaque, sotto voce, 14202 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 bureaucratic phraseology of a kind at which rest, then there is no need to amend policies, fevt of us fully realized until the Church the White House and the State Department to give up ruling class privileges. All one report on the FBI the extent to which J. have always been adept. The prose style-to need do is purge and imprison the "conspira­ Edgar Hoover had been practicing "dirty single out one of the recent masters in this tors." The spies blind their masters com­ tricks" at home. The most shameful, of genre-is sometimes downright Nixonian. fortably to realities. It wasn't for lack of course, was the long harassment of Martin There are many instances of what could legit­ spies that the Czars fell. Luther King and the civil rights movement. imately be called brain-washing-the bland, The CIA could foment the mob that killed It is depressing that despite all we now know almost subliminal assertion as eternal veri­ Mossadeq in Iran. It could help to bring Attorney General Levi has rejected recom­ ties of dubious propositions, propositions the about the killing of Lumumba in the Congo mendations from within the Justice Depart­ investigators were supposed to challenge and and Allende in Chile, but there is no evidence ment for an independent citizens' investiga­ test, not to accept without examination as that it can successfully Canute the tides tion of King's assassination and insists on major premises. A prime example is the of change in our time. Each side in the cold turning it back for another self-inquiry by statement at the very beginning of the CIA war struggle now beginning again has prof­ the FBI. This is the only field of law enforce­ report that "a national intelligence system ited by the excesses and inhumanities of the ment in which it is left to the suspect to in­ is a permanent and necessary part of our other. Read Sakharov's great memoranda and vestigate himself. government. The system's value to the coun­ ask yourself whether the stultification and And it is alarming that even the Church try has been proven." rigidiflcation that secrecy has imposed on committee recommendations would still al­ Humanity will never get rid of the intel­ Soviet science, industry, and society recom­ low the FBI to engage in "preventive intelli­ ligence miasma until that overblown non­ mend a similar experiment on our side. gence," the catchword which has allowed the sense is challenged. The greatest intelligence Intelligence agencies thrive by telling the worst abuses and invasions of privacy and networks of our time failed to prevent the boss he's doing fine. When reports signal the basic rights in the past. We applaud Senator most disastrous surprise attacks their regimes truth, they are more than often ignored. Philip A. Hart for pointing out in a separate suffered. Pearl Harbor, the Nazi attack on There were, we now know, intelligence re­ opinion appended to the Church report on the Soviet Union. the place and timing of ports which questioned the dominant delu­ the FBI that the recommendations in this the D-day invasion of Hitler's Fortress Eu­ sions about the Vietnam war, which warned respect would for the first time give "statu­ rope were historic disasters. The American, that the Bay of Pigs invasion would not tory authorization" for the very abuses the the Soviet, and the Nazi regimes all had in­ trigger a popular uprising in CUba, and which committee has exposed. telligence networks of a magnitude and advised two years before Allende's election The intell1gence agencies have become a power without precedent in all history, even that the days of our copper monopoly in cancer that threatens the Republic. The au­ under the Czars and the First Empire of Chile were numbered no matter who won the thor! ty of the FBI should be restricted to Napoleon. Yet they suffered unprecedented coming election. But they were ignored and crimes. Terrorism is a crime, even though loss through effective surprise in those three men who ventured such reports risked the politicially motivated, and can be handled tremendous attacks. One put the Nazi armies query, "Who let that pinko in?" like any other crime. This and all other Ictnds almost at the gates of Moscow before effec­ You cannot--as even such great liberal of crime would be better handled if the FBI tive defense could be organized; the second papers as The New York Times and The did not waste so substantial a portion of its crippled our naval and air forces in the Pa­ Washington Post in their queasy editorials resources on the whole spectrum of what cific from Hawaii to the Philippines; the on the CIA advise-square the circle. You it calls "do-gooders,'' all of them treated third was the beginning of the end for Hitler­ cannot make lawlessness lawful. You cannot prima facie as suspect. And it should be made ism. All three regimes had explicit and cor­ bring "dirty tricks" within a constitutional a statutory offense for the FBI to practice rect warnings, but in all three cases the warn­ system. In this bicentennial year we are for­ "dirty tricks," to act as an tagency for se­ ings were drowned in the sheer volume of in­ getting the basic lessons of the Revolution cretly defaming citizens it dislikes and dis­ flowing reports and by the failure of the and the basic advantages and virtues of an rupting their lives by just that kind of "dis­ center to assess all this information cor­ open society. It cannot be open without risk. information" in which the CIA has special­ rectly. "Intelligence" is not the same as but the risks of free discussion over and over ized abroad and can also resort to at home. intelligence. again have proven superior to the risks of I believe the Church CIA report does not Intelligence networks have mainly been repression. Some intelligence activity is in­ tell the full truth about the CIA's origins. proven effective in intimidating their own escapable for military and law enforcement "Dirty tricks" were justifiable for the OSS, peoples. But no regime has yet been saved purposes, but how much? The evidence sug­ its predecessor, in wartime; the CIA took over from disastrous error by "intelligence." The gests that we are drowning in intelligence, the same practices in peace. Its conditioning, American Republic got along quite well in­ that we need not more but less "collection," its personnel, and a substantial part of its ternally without a Federal Bureau of Inves­ not more spying but more analysis and activities stm link it indissolubly to "dirty tigation until 1908 and without a "dirty thought. And thought requires debate. And tricks." I believe the wise course would be to tricks" agency abroad until 1947. Since then, you cannot have debate so long as ideas outlaw "dirty tricks" and abolish the CIA as the Church report says, the U.S. "has de­ and expressions are watched and "collected." altogether and let its legitimate intell1gence voted enormous resources" to its intelligence There is no room in an open society for a functions be taken over by other agenciNt network. But never has the United States thought police, and that is what the FBI and Otherwise Big Brother is here to stay. been more poorly advised and suffered more tbe CIA, With occasional assists from the shameful pratfalls than in that period. The military, have become. postwar successes of Western capitalism have The picture which emerges from the been due to the vitality of enterprise, the Church reports, muted and mutilated as superior advantages of an open society, and they are, must be made explicit. The CIA has TRIBUTE TO MORRIS B. CHAIN the moral bankruptcy of the Soviet regime. become a huge conglomerate, With its secret And that last was more than anything else tentacles in almost every section of American HON. WILLIAM M. KETCHUM the product of Russia's reliance on secrecy life, prostituting the universities, books, the and the secret police. The dead-end course press, and religious institutions; it runs a OF CALIFORNIA of Stalinism is the same course on which we network of businesses at home and abroad, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are being impelled in the name of "national some wholly fictitious, some real enough to security." be insurance companies and aviation lines. Monday, May 17, 1976 If the U.S. is hated by the best youth in The magnitude is veiled but at one point the Mr. KETCHuM. Mr. Speaker, I am Iran, in South Korea, in Chile, in the Domin­ report says that these ostensibly private greatly privileged to count among my ican Republic, wherever the writ of our businesses gross $1.6 blllion a year and gen­ constituency a most remarkable man, secret agencies and its puppet regimes has erate profits substantial enough to replenish run, the Soviet Union is hated in Kiev, in a CIA "Contingency Fund" from which it acknowledged as one of the country's Warsaw, in Prague, and in Bucharest for the can finance secret activities wholly outside leading defense attorneys, and truly a very same reasons. The agencies on both sides the orbit of any supervision or audit, even legend to those who know him. Morris have succeeded to the extent that brutality from within the Executive. B. Chain, of Bakersfield, Calif., is not and repression can succeed, but the price will The whole Angola business was financed in only my constituent, but my personal be paid in future explosions on both sides. this way. The CIA has become a big business, friend. Therefore, it was with great The secret agencies fail in the task of a conglomerate, operating behind various pleasure that I learned of Mr. Chain's really intelligent assessment of human aspi­ "legitimate" fronts as a conspiracy against selection to receive the Kern County ration and social forces for several reasons. society, with its "hit men" and "enforcers" One is that they attract a large proportion on the Ma.fia model. It can provide-and has Bar Association's respected "Bench and of screwballs, crackpots, paranoids. A second provided-presidents with the means to oper­ Bar Award" recently. I regret that I was is that the nature of the profession makes ate outside the constitutional system, even to not able to participate in the banquet paranoia its occupational disease. The third the point of waging secret war. Here lies the paying honor to Morris Chain, and is that ruling classes and bureaucracies gen­ lesson of Watergate, already half forgotten. would like at this time to offer my own It has been said over and over again that erally prefer the paranoid explanation. If tribute in this House. trouble, if protest against the Vietnam war, the bribery, the corruption of elections, the if radical agitation for social justice, if racial assassinations, and the other "dirty tricks" Morris Chain has practiced law for 44 rising against discrimination are just the the CIA has been practicing abroad must in­ years. Throughout his career, often de­ product of Satanic "subversives" plotting un- evitably spread to the domestic front. But fending clients accused of the most sen- May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 14203 sational of crimes, he has exemplified the should be tota.lly suppressed, and all the taining to safety and the safe operation of a basic roots of the American judicial sys­ powers of government exerted, under the boat on the river," he said. preservation of internal peace, Virtue, and "Barge tow operators need to know more tem. He has dedicated himself to assur­ good order, as well as for the defense of their about the channel. When you're carrying ing that one's right to receive proper lives, liberties, and properties, against the passengers for hire, it's a little more com­ defense in a fair trial was protected, and hostile invasions and cruel depredations of plicated. We're classed as a passenger-carry­ has perpetuated the philosophy that an their enemies. ing vessel." individual is innocent until proven Blackmore figures there are those who otherwise. Referring to the event in a letter to think operating a. ferry is easy as crossing Above and beyond his outstanding James Warren, Adams stated: the street, but he disagrees. This Day the congress has passed the most "What tricks you, gives you more prob­ contributions to the judicial system, important Resolution that ever was taken in lems than anything else is high winds. Some Morris Chain represents another great America. winds will change two to three times a day. American tradition: a man who reached "You must remember how to cope with the top though his own hard work, de­ It was obvious that the United Colonies different winds. I judge the velocity and wind termination, and continuing effort to were on the verge of declaring their in­ direction by looking at the water, the type excel. pendence. of wave and how large it is. While he is now the senior partner in "When the Wind velocity gets up to 40 firm miles an hour, it'll blow the top off white­ the of Chain, Younger, Jameson, caps. when it gets above 45 miles an hour, we Lemucchi, Busacca, and Williams, Mor­ FERRY TALE tie up." ris Chain had no easy road to his cur­ He remembers a storm in 1960--"the first rent successful position. Fresh out of time I was ever scared," he said. law school, he sought employment ask­ HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE . "We were going up river when we pulled ing only for the experience he would OF MISSOURI in and tied up. A lot of times you get severe gain, offering to work w!thout salary. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Winds. But the wind slacked off to about 15 miles an hour, and just about the time we For 5 years, he served as court­ Monday, May 17, 1976 appointed public defender, often pre­ got back in the channel, a Wind started blow­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, Allen ing from the northeast 75 to 80 miles an paring his own cases without benefit of hour. assistance or investigation by others; as Blackmore, one of my constituents from "It blew water over the deck of the barge he says, he simply could not afford it. Canton, Mo., is retiring after operating eight to 10 inches deep. We blew back in a Determined to succeed, he often worked a ferry on the Mississippi River for 46 mile down the river. 18 hours per day preparing his cases. years. I believe my colleagues will be in­ "Rain and hall and that Wind . . . it was Morris Chain is well known for the terested in his story and I submit this terrible. We couldn't tell any direction. No last chapter of his "ferry tale": control at all. crystal ball he keeps in his office. He "I'll always remember that one. We respect uses it to demonstrate to clients the un­ CANTON FERRY PILOT LAUNCHES FINAL SEASON those dark and stormy clouds, I'll tell you." predictability of the law. (By Susan Denkler) Storms brewing up north also command Mr. Chain is a member of numerous When Allen Blackmore landed a ferry for some respect from Blackmore, who knows organizations, including the National the first time, he launched a career that ex­ excessive rainfall and snow melt combine Association of Criminal Defense Law­ tended 46 years and the Width of a river. for a spring flood. yers; the American Judicature Society; Now he's ready to step down. The danger for a ferry during flood times "It was a big thrill when I was able to get is minimal, but if the water rises above the State Bar of California; the Kern in that boat and land it myself," Blackmore their high water landing north of the main County Bar Association; the American said. landing, the ferry is out of commission. Trial Lawyers Association. He currently "We were living close to the ferry on a "In 1973, we lost about 30 days due to high serves as President of the Kern County farm when I started riding on the river. As water. It went over our high water landing Chapter of the California Trial Law­ a boy I would help With the decking chores. in 1960, '65 and '73. Every one's been a little yers Association, a position he also held Ellis Inman hired me when I was about 18 higher." years old." In 1973, the official stage in Canton was in 1964. For 10 years, Blackmore continued to work 24.49 feet. In 1953, Morris Chain received an­ out of Batchtown, Ill., for the West Point "We've had some high water, I'll tell you, other great--and well deserved-honor: Ferry which crossed to Winfield, Mo. but we don't look for too much this year, he was named "Man of the Year" by the June 8, 1940 marked a move to the Mis­ unless we get excessive rain. If you don't Jewish War Veterans. souri side of the river when Blackmore be­ have high water by the 15th of June, you're To Morris, his wife, Edith, and their came owner and operator of his own ferry reasonably safe." family, I say congratulations on a job located at Canton. He's been there ever since. Even With changeable Winds, storms and I "There's not many left," Blackmore said occasional high water, Blackmore professes well done. know tha:t my colleagues recently. "We're the only one between here a love for his kind of life. here in the House will be honored to join and the headwaters of Minnesota. There's "I can hardly think of anything I dislike with me in recognizing the achievements been a ferry here since 1853." about it. I've always enjoyed the work. This of this outstanding figure in the practice Blackmore said he plans to retire in De­ is always a little more of a challenge." of law. cember, but quickly adds, "I'm not going to Few dignitaries have taken the 10-minute quit altogether. The wife and I plan on doing ride, but Blackmore has a lot of regular some traveling, and I'll catch up on some customers, commuting to work and school, TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO TODAY of the fishing I've mi&::ed out on all these and he's crossed tourists from every state years." in the union. He "conservatively" e~timates making 380,- "We have quite a few people who come HON. CHARLES E. WIGGINS 000 to 395,000 round trips With the ferry in down, park the car and ride across. A lot of his lifetime. people take their children or grandchildren OF CALIFORNIA "We'll make about 35 round trips in a day. for a ride on a Saturday. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES During the busy time we'll make about 10 "They're just hard to find in this part Monday, May 17, 1976 more than that ..." of the country. People have talked bridges as The season opens around mid-March and long as I've been operating a ferry. It'll die Mr. WIGGINS. Mr. Speaker, 200 years extends through mid-December, Blackmore down, then start up again and die down ... ago, on May 15, 1776, the Continental said. The busiest period is June through De­ "If they did build one I imagine it would Congress approved the preamble to the cember when many tourists and a lot of be closer to Keokuk or Hannibal, and the farmers' grain is crossed. type of road would be an interstate. If the resolution urging the colonies to estab­ "We cross plenty of wheat in the first two bridge wasn't right close to the ferry, I don't lish governments, if they had not already weeks of July. The tourist season is generally expect it would affect us much." done so. John Adams, ·one of the fore­ busiest June 15 through Labor Day." His ferry holds six cars, four loaded trucks, most proponents of independence, wrote Neil Kizer, an operator, and deckhand one big semi tractor trailer or two tandems. the preamble, which read in part: Michael Hitt help out. It's the second one he's owned, bought in It appears absolutely irreconclleable to rea­ Blackmore said he was required to take an 1955. He paid $15,000 for the barge, $7,000 soa and good Conscience, for the people o! examination With the St. Louis Coast Guard for the launch. these colonies now to take the oaths and af­ before he could operate the ferry. The writ­ A like model today would bring closer :firmations necessary !or the support o! any ten examination consisted of about 50 ques­ to $40,000 for the barge, $30,000 for the government under the crown of Great Brit­ tions on the "rules of the road." launch, he said. ain, and it is necessary that the exercise of "You· need to know all the different laws The ferry will continue to operate. Black- every kind of authority under the said crown and rules, lights and buoys. Everything per- more's successor is John Froman, a native 14204 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 of minute Meyer, Ill., across from the Daddy's children all help out, some full-time "Always", he said, "you have to get edu­ landing. and others part-time. Then there are Rae's cated, you have to be thrifty, you have to Blackmore and his wife, Hazel, plan to two sons, both helping out after school. One save and a family has to work together". spend their winters in Alamo, Tex., and their of her boys goes to the Virgin Islands Col­ Eventually, he put all those factors to­ summers back in the home area. lege and tends bar at Daddy's most nights. gether so well that he owned seven acres of -..We'll · always call this home," Blackmore Also there are what you might call itinerant land, plently of room for vegetables, cows, said. relatives. goats and of course, first one house and then "All these years I've been outside on the Everybody gets along swimmingly and by others, all for the family. And the roadside river, in tbe sunshine. I couldn't stand to working very hard. They are in the kitchen, acre was the site, then as now, of "Daddy's". be cooped up. behind the bar, and out among the custom­ Rae inherited her father's good business "There's people that have told me, 'I ers, who are accommodated-50 maximum sense. First she learned the beauty shop busi­ wouldn't have that ferry 1f you'd give It to at a time-in the windowed main dining ness, and ran her own In Manhattan for me.' But I can't think of anyone I would room that looks out to the lagoon and that years while married and raising her two trade jobs with. picturesque fleet of fishing boats. boys. Now she has a beauty shop in down­ "It's been good to me," he said. Already Rae has expansion plans in mind, town Charlotte Amalie, as well as the res­ involving a cocktail lounge where there taurant. would be "some nice quiet music", as she The St. Thomas branch of Chase Man­ puts it, her eyes dancing in anticipation. hattan Bank thinks so well of her business abilities that It advanced the $150,000 neces­ A LIVING MEMORIAL TO ONE MAN'S Thus, Daddy's really is family. Cold in­ sary to establish the restaurant. But the GOODNESS deed is the temporary stranger who stops local bankers pretty well knew what kind of by to enjoy some of the best food in the a family Daddy had put together, helped by Caribbean, and somehow manages to leave his wife, who still survives as a quiet ma­ HON. RON DE LUGO without feeling he is a part of that family. triarchal presence. For in St. Thomas, char­ Rae hardly will permit it I OF THE VIRGIN ISLANDS acter is prime collateral anytime. Locals, of course, know what to expect IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Daddy llved long enough to see his res­ as they telephone in their reservations, and taurant open. He was in a wheelchair at the Monday, May 17, 1976 then stop by for first, second or even third last, aged 72, and he would roll himself to dinner sittings. But among those who have the front patio of the main house, higher Mr. DE LUGO. Mr. Speaker, in our fast come in for the first time and later walked up the hlll, to watch in serenity as the con­ changing world, it is nice to know that away cousins-cozy, you would have to in­ struction crews busied themselves on the some things stay the same. For years, clude just this first year the Prince and great new structure below. "Daddy's," a small eatery in Charlotte princess of Denmark; Miss Black America; "Daddy's" was opened in August of 1974. Amalie on St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Is­ top government officials, both local and na­ Daddy died in October, his tasks accom­ tional; also wandering Haitians, honeymoon­ plished, Oh Lord. lands, was a haven for the bone-weary ers, island fishermen, and cruise ship visitors and hungry. Isiah Venzen, "Daddy" to away from theii- ships for a couple of hours. almost everyone, became famous for his According to Rae, who bubbles over with meals, and cherished for his friendship. cheerful gab, there never has been a short­ OAK PARK, ILL., NAMED "ALL­ His whole family, three generations order roadside stand like the one run by her worth, became involved in the restaurant beloved Daddy. AMERICA CITY" with its ambience of warmth and good First of all, nobody ever called him any­ cheer. In 1974 a new "Daddy's" opened, thing but "Daddy". He was a deep-chested HON. HENRY J. HYDE powerhouse of a man, with arms like baseball operated by Rae Venzen Brunn, daugh­ OF ILLINOIS ter of the late "Daddy" Venzen. While bats. His menu, 1f you could call it that, con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the building was new, the old traditions sisted of whatever Daddy chose, depending Monday, May 17, 1976 of the original "Daddy's" remain. Re­ on what nearby fishermen had brought in cently, the st. Thomas Daily News pub­ on that particular day. Mostly, requests for Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, as the Con­ lished an article celebrating this re­ meals meant that Daddy would have to in­ gressional Representative of the 6th Dis­ markable man, his family, and his en­ terrupt his domino game, or his "medical" trict of Dlinois, it gives me great pride to terprise. It is surely a tribute to one consulting with neighbors, customers. announce that the village of Oak Park cronies, and mere passers-by. Those who man's goodness in his dealing with his has been named an "All-America City" fellow man. I recommend it to my could pay for their food did so; those who couldn't just then ate anyway, and paid by the National Municipal League. Only colleagues : later. 10 cities in the country have been selec­ Fifteen minutes up, down and around the The Venzens are an old St. Thomas family. ted for this honor, and I am truly not Red Hook Road from downltown Charlotte One of Rae's grandfathers, a blue-eyed surprised that Oak Park is one of them. I Amalie, near Benner's Hlll and across the Frenchman, bought one of the first parcels have long thought of Oak Park as an out­ road from fishing fleet dock, sits tthe world's of land on the breeze-cooled east end of the standing community-{)ne that cities and only monument with menus--$150,000 res­ island. And as a Virgin Islander born and taurant honoring the late Isiah "Daddy" towns throughout the Nation could study bred, Daddy, her father, had warm wisdom, with great profit. Venzen. Naturally, the restaurant is called and an apparently irresistible personality "Daddy's"-at least it seems natural to call that didn't need to be taught In the island Certainly the greatness of any com­ it th81t iln St. Thomas, where family ties are schools where he learned his letters. munity is nothing more than a reflection very close, it has become this year's "In" spot For example, he is remembered still for of the attitudes of its inhabitants. It is for vacationers and locals alike, who go there uncommon skills with herbal cures, particu­ evident that Oak Park is a community to feast on fresh local fiS'h, sizzling steaks larly by the local fishermen, who recall and chops. that :reflects the attitude of public­ the paralyzing hangovers and other varied spirited people with ideas, enthusiasm, It all adds up to a warm St. Thomian disorders that always vanished with h:is story, honoring a local patriarch who num­ dosing. zest, and energy. bered his friends in the thousands during He produced his "medicines" in 5-gallon I am sure that the people of Oak Park the three generations in which he raised a kerosene cans, boiled fiercely for hours over share a deep sense of pride and ful:ftll­ family of seven from the proceeds of a tiny an outdoor fire. ment in their community's latest award. roadside shack stand. One of his former "patients" ruminated As their Congressman-but more than The "new" Daddy's stands on the very on Daddy from the immense cockpit of his that, as a longtime admirer of Oak same site, only now dinnerware gleams in 65-foot charter fishing boat, moored across Park-I share in that sense of pride. the soft candlelight on tables, artwork by the road. "Daddy", he said simply, "was closer local a:rne of ALL-AMERICA; ACTION, NOT STATUS, WON ton, Sara Bode, Dawn Goshorn and Bobbie 10 communities so designated nationwide-­ We never had any real doubt that Qak Raymond played a major part in Oak Park's oak Park now boasts a stable, racially inte­ Park deserved a.n All-American City designa­ selection. grated population; a thriving downtown tion and a lot of other honors as well. Last But, Oak Park won because Oak Park has shopping mall; and an architectural preser­ week's announcement resolved at least the people who are not surprised by the work vation program that has attracted national one doubt about whether this award would that has been accomplished in the village. attention. arrive. In fact, they would only be surprised by a In the 19608, however, dire predictions were Our heartiest congratulation to the hard­ lack of positive action. being made for the historic suburb adjacent working committee members who put to­ Oak Park won because residents have to Chicago's deteriorating West Side neigh­ gether the presentations which won the shown they not only want a good community, borhoods. award-it could not have been won with­ but are willing to put in the time and effort Demographers (population experts] said it out their efforts. to effect positive change. was only a matter of time before the 4~­ From what we know of the judging proc­ Oak Parkers have always known they have square-mile, rectangular-shaped community ess, excellent presentations alone do not a.n outstanding community. Now, the coun­ became a.n extension of the city's black make winners: they simply display to full try knows, too. The World remains Bullish ghetto. advantage the fundamental characteristics on Oak Park. Real estate expel'ts predicted property of a vital community. This community­ values in the village would plunge in the face warts and all, as they say in the movie about No DAMPENED SPmiTS AT CITY CELEBRATION of a.n influx of minority groups. us-is vital. Shoppers began abandoning the village's (By Jeanne Quinn) And there lies the difference between Dak aging business district in favor of the ultra­ Park and the also-ra.ns. This community, Outside, the All-America City was being modern, enclosed shopping centers that were long since built up, now aging, is dealing pummeled with a freakish combination of popping up like corn in suburban fields. with economic and social challenges in vital, snow, rain, and wind. But inside Oak Park's All signs indicated Oak Park was going energetic ways, involving plenty of problems Village Hall on Madison St., the atmosphere downhill. The former hometown of such and disputes. One of the hallmarks of the was warm and cordial. Nearly a thousand giants as architect Frank Lloyd Wright and process, one of the key judging criteria this residents had braved the unseasonable authors Ernest Hemingway and Edgar Rice year, is citizen involvement. It takes many weather-mix to witness Oak Park's celebra­ Burroughs was supposed to become a. slum. forms here, from a core of dedicated volun­ tion of Oak Park: the official naming of the But it didn't happen and the fact that it Village a.s "All-America City" in 1976. didn't is a. tribute to the tenacity and esprit teers through the on-again off-again task In this Bicentennial year, many felt it was forces to the occasional event ·of mass de corps of is residents. participation. particularly significant that Oak Park had To meet the challenge of achieving racial garnered a.n award traditionally reserved for integration in housing rather than succumb­ This is a community which long has had newer or more spectacular cities. Indeed, Oak ing to the "Chicago pattern" of block-by­ the key attributes of a highly desirable place Park was the only Illinois municipality to block resegregation, the Oak Park Housing to live--location, schools, quality housing, receive the award this year. Center was formed by 15 local residents in business services and civic institutions that Shortly after the start of the two-hour, 1971. work. Those things don't carry much weight Sunday afternoon celebration, Vlllage ofH­ Its two major objectives are to assure that with All-America. judging panels. cials received the "All-America City" flag blacks seeking housing in Oak Park will not They ask not "What do you have?" but from a representative of the National Mu­ be concentrated in one section of the village rather "What are you doing?" nicipal League. Bill Kurtis, Channel 2 news and to maintain white demand in areas that For several years, Oak Park has been do­ anchorman and Oak Park resident, otnciated already are integrated. ing a lot about its past, its present and its at the opening ceremonies. The results have been impressive. Integra­ future. Respect for the historical heritage Following the flag presentation, residents tion has been conducted in an orderly fash­ and its potential for the future, a hard look and officials stood elbow-to-elbow, feasting ion. Six per cent of the suburb's population at the economics of the present and their on cake and punch and listening to the con­ is made up of minorities. About 4 per cent is implications for the future and anticipa­ temporary sounds of the OPRFHS Jazz Band. black, according to village omcials. tion of the urban lifestyles of the future-­ Many wore lapel buttons emblazoned with White demand for homes is high, and the all of these have affected the way the com­ the "All-America City" logo. real estate experts' confidence in the suburbs' munity has done things for more than seven years. Later, several hundred residents watched sta.bllity is reflected in the fact that property a special slide program highlighting Oak values have increased about 16.5 per cent 1n ·The things Oak Park has been doing in re­ Park's major accomplishments. Opting for the last four years. cent years reached a high point in 1975, re­ more fanciful adventure, their chlldren raced To lure shoppers back to downtown oak sulting in the All-America City designation to the wet courtyard and released colorful Park, merchants two years ago began con­ for 1976. The award itself is a. landmark on balloons imprinted with Oak Park's newest struction of a. $1.5 million grassy shopping the continuing trall to more excellence and title. mall stretching from Harlem to Forest ave­ the distinctive symbol a banner to help in­ nues and from North Boulevard to Ontario spire more effort; we are delighted and Street. confident. It was a gamble that paid off. When it DAY CARE BILL: CASUALTY OF opened in November, 1974, sales in stores on OAK PARKERS WIN AWARD FOR VILLAGE PRESIDENT'S PRIMARY WOES the mall increased 10 to 14 per cent, accord­ Oak Park has been named one of 10 recipi­ ing to Qak Park Mall Commission omcials. ents for the All-American City Award by the Oak Park has always had a lot going for National Municipal League, and that is no it architecturally. Wright lived and worked in small statement. HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL the village between 1890 and 1910. seventy­ The league described the All-America Cities OF NEW YORK one of its 328 bUildings of "architectural as "places where citizen involvement is help­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES merit" are considered national landmarks. ing shape a desired style of life and achieve It took a group of O:ak Park residents, how­ improvements in community institutions." Monday, May 17, 1976 ever, to transform this obvious but dormant Of course, all communities strive for im­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, the Presi­ asset into a profitable tourist attraction. provement, but Oak Park actually has made They formed the Frank Lloyd Wright Home tangible progress. dent recently vetx>ed the day care bill and Studio Foundation in 1972, purchased The league also said, "The 1975-1976 which would have granted States addi­ Wright's home to spare it from the wrecker's stories presented by winning communities tional time to meet Federal standards for ball, and established a tour center to direct represent a casebook of citizen activism with these centers and would have provided visitors to the village's architectural attrac­ accomplishments including improved human the States with $125 million to assist tions. relations, construction of community facUl­ them in meeting these new gUidelines. Al­ "The amazing thing is that all these pro­ ties, revitalization of downtown areas, preser­ though we overrode the veto in the grams were started by people instead of by vation of historic sites, development of recre­ government," said Mrs. Edith Slayton, presi­ ational facilities, creation of senior citizen House, the Senate failed in its attempt. dent of the oak Park-River Forest League of programs and services, reorganization of local Clearly this veto by the President was Women Voters. government and provisions of wider housing an attempt to appease the more con- "They originated not in board rooms, but opportunity." servative elements within his party. Un- 14206 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS May 17, 1976 fortunately as the President acts more debated is to what extent Federal standards tions and open assaults of an insidious and and more like a politician, instead of an for day care should go along with Federal vindictive administration, it becomes the money. indispensable duty of these hitherto free and incumbent President acting for the good Congressional supporters of day-care funds, happy colonies, with true penitence of heart, of the entire Nation, important programs such as Senator Walter Mondale of Minne­ and the most reverent devotion, publickly to are sacrificed. Although a certain amount sota, have not wanted to set up a tight net­ acknowledge the over ruling providence of of political demagoguery is expected dur­ work of Federal rules. They agree that regu­ God; to confess and deplore our offences ing this political season, I :find it de­ lation should be left largely to state and against him; and to supplicate his interposi­ plorable that children are being penal­ localities. tion for averting the threatened danger, and ized because of the President's political On the other hand, studies have shown prospering our strenuous efforts in the cause misfortune. widespread and gruesome examples of bad of freedom, virtue, and posterity. day care: unsafe buildings, children ignored The Congress, therefore, considering the Anthony Lewis wrote a column for because of inadequate staff, and so on. sen­ warlike preparations of the British Ministry Monday's New York Times in which he ator Mondale and others in Congress have to subvert our invaluable rights and priv­ tells of the tragedy that will ensue if Con­ felt that Federal money should not be used iledges, and to reduce us by fire and sword, gress does not act to reverse this callous to send children to such places-that it by the savages of the wilderness, and our own act on the day care legislation. I call should be used, gradually, to assure a decent domestics, to the most abject and ignomini­ upon my colleagues to carefully review environment in places where children will ous bondage: Desirous, at the same time, to Lewis' remarks which I insert at this spend as much as eight hours a day. have people of all ranks and degrees duly In 1974, after long negotiations, the Ford impressed with a solemn sense of God's point in the RECORD: Administration and Congress agreed on superintending providence, and of their duty, CHILDREN AND POLITICS modest Federal standards. A new law re­ devoutly to rely, in all their lawful enter­ (By Anthony Lewis) quired day-care centers, first, to meet state prizes, on his aid and direction, Do earnestly MINNEAPOLIS.-Nestled against a wall of St. and local rules in fire, safety and health. And recommend, that Friday, the Seventeenth day Mary's Basilica, a hulking old church near it established staffing standards, for exam­ of May next, be observed by the said colonies downtown Minneapolis, is a small play­ ple one adult teacher or volunteer to about as a day of humiliation, fasting, and prayer; ground. Ten children, 2V2 to 6 years old, use six children between 2 V2 and 6. that we may, with united hearts, confess and the swings and sllde and run over to talk When the time approached to apply those bewail our manifold sins and transgressions, with their teacher, Michael Young. They are standards, it turned out that many centers and, by a sincere repentance and amendment in a day-care center: Child Garden Mon­ cou1d not meet them. Conditions were worse of life, appease his righteous displeasure, and. tessori. than had been realized. The states asked through the merits and mediation of Jesus One of the kids is 3 Y2 -year-old Laura Lacey. for more time and more Federal help. Christ, obtain his pardon and forgiveness; She is well-dressed, bright, articulate, happy, That was the aim of the vetoed blll. It de­ humbly imploring his assistance to frustrate active: the model of what we have come to layed the standards a bit longer and pro­ the cruel purposes of our unnatural enemies; think of as the middle-class child. But in fact vided an extra $125 mlllion to help the states and by inclining their hearts to justice and the Federal Government pays her fee at the meet them. President Ford, in vetoing it, benevolence, prevent the further effusion of center, $130 a month. said nothing about the earlier agreement, kindred blood. But if, continuing deaf to the Laura Lacey is the reality at the heart of worked out so carefully by his own people voice of reason and humanity, and inflexibly an abstract political debate. President Ford and Congress. He objected to the whole idea bent on desolation and war, they constrain us recently vetoed a bill providing added funds of Federal standards and introduced the to repel their hostile invasions by open re­ for day care, saying that it violated his prin­ new demand that day-care money be in­ sistance, that it may please the Lord of ciples for Federal aid, and the Senate failed cluded in Federal block grants for commu­ Hosts, the God of Armies, to animate our to override the veto. Unless Congress finds a nity services. Unless Congress acts on new officers and soldiers with invincible fortitude, way around the President's objections, Laura legislation, Federal standards will now t'!l.ke to guard and protect them in the day of bat­ Lacey will have to leave the Child Garden effect without money to meet them. tle and to crown the continental arms, by day-care center. The real reason for the veto was evidently sea and land, with victory and success: Laura's mother, Geraldine Lacey, a slim the specter of Ronald Reagan. The President Earnestly beseeching him to bless our civil attractive woman of 34, is separated from her wanted to look tough, and what could be rulers, and the representatives of the people, husband. She worked as a secretary but tougher than to drive children out of day­ in their several assemblies and conventions; found, she said, that she did not make care centers. Gerald Ford should have to to preserve and strengthen their union, to enough to support herself and the child. So expl-ain to Laura and Geraldine Lacey. inspire them with an ardent, disinterested she went back to school, to the University of love of their country; to give wisdom and Minnesota, where she hopes to become a stability to their counsels; and direct them nurse. While there she is on welfare-a fact to the most efficacions measures for estab­ that troubles her. TWO HUNDRED YEARS AGO lishing the rights of America on the most "People think of welfare as a leech on honourable permanent basis-That he would society," Mrs. Lacey said, "and I feel that way, TODAY be graciously pleased to bless all his people too. My ego is bruised. I want to study to get in these colonies with health and plenty, off welfare." and grant that a spirit of incorruptible pa­ Mrs. Lacey had Laura in a private home HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER triotism, and of pure undefiled religion, may first--a woman minding half a dozen chil­ OF COLORADO universally prevail; and this continent be dren-but that turned out to be a depressing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES speedily restored to the blessings of peace and place. Then she looked at many day-care cen­ Monday, May 17, 1976 Uberty, and enabled to transmit them in­ ters before choosing Child Garden. violate to the latest posterity. And it is rec­ "The kids looked so nice here," she said, Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, 200 ommended to Christians of all denomina­ "and they were interested in Laura when she years ago the Colonies were embroiled in tions, to assemble for public worship, and came-didn't resent a new child, as I'd seen abstain from servile labour on the said day. in other places. I was so happy to see that. the beginning of their struggle to obtain And I thought it mattered that there was a freedom from England-a struggle man teaching here. which was to bring hardship and suffer­ 'I hope I don't have to move Laura now­ ing to many Americans before our inde­ I don't think it's healthy to keep changing. pendence was won. U.S. POLICY TOWARD ISRAEL I'm just depressed . . ." Congressman CHARLES E. BENNETT has The situation of Geraldine and Laura La­ cey is not unusual in the United States now. brought to the attention of the Subcom­ HON. WILLIAM M. BRODHEAD There are 2.8 million American children be­ mittee on Census and Population, which OF MICHIGAN tween 2Y:z and 6 who live with their mother has jurisdiction over the Bicentennial, a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES alone. And 'altogether, 6.5 million of that age resolution which was adopted 200 years have working mothers. ago today, calling for a day of fasting and Monday, May 17, 1976 The trend toward working mothers and prayer. I would like to share this resolu­ Mr. BRODHEAD. Mr. Speaker, on single-parent famllles has made day care an tion with my colleagues in the House. May 3, 1976, I was privileged to attend essential factor in many lives. It enables many women to work instead of going on I ask unanimous consent that the reso­ the annual dinner of the American Is­ welfare--and thereby to save public funds. lution be printed in the RECORD as fol­ rael Public Affairs Committee. At that Welfare costs the Government about three lows: dinner, an address was given by Senator times as much as day care. [From the Journals of the Continental HUBERT HUMPHREY. I think that this The Federal Government now provides Congress, March 1776] speec~ is a particularly excellent one, $600 million a year for care of children in In times of impending calamity and dis­ for it is a clear and logical explana­ poorer fam111es, matched by $200 m1llion tress; when the liberties of America are im­ tion of the special relationship that ex­ from the states. The question inevitably minently endangered by the secret machina- ists between the United States and Is- May 17, 1976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKs· 14207 rael. The speech also contains some im­ our country. It is good for the basic demo­ proclaimed to the world that the Jewish portant comments about mistakes 1n cratic process that people who have convic­ people have a right to a free and indep~ndent current U.S. policy toward Israel. Be­ tions about what American public policy nation. This nation, a land of immigrants and cause of the importance of this subject should be take time to get their fellow Amer­ a land of help, helped rekindle the ancient icans and their public officials to understand Jewish prayer to be in Jerusalem ag