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THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON LOCAL COMMUNITY FOLLOWING THE CASE STUDY OF WAT SIRI PHUTTO (KHAMCHANOD), BAN DUNG, UDON THANI NACHAWON TONTHAPTHIMTONG Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - The study on the impact of tourism on local community following the case study of Wat Siri Phutto or Wat Kamchanod, Ban Dung, Udon Thani aims to investigate the potential of local tourist attractions to increase the number of tourists in that area. This study is survey and qualitative research. The findings show that the impact of this case on local community is that the increasing number of visitors who believe in superstition is causing garbage problems and destructing the ecosystem of Kamchanod forest. The area of Wat Kamchanod is a small island with peat swamp forest whose floor rises upon being seasonally flooded. This type of landscape is called “Sa Nom” by locals and Kamchanod is a spring area where taraw palms densely grow. Therefore, the researchers are interested in studying the tourism situation at Wat Kamchanod in terms of the impact on economy, society and environment. The results are expected to be utilized as a guideline to manage and improve local tourism, increase incomes of locals and conserve environment to meet the concept of sustainable tourism. Index Terms - Impact of tourism, Impact on local community, Kamchanod I. INTRODUCTION include religious sites i.e., the buildings where sacred objects are placed, the structure or consecrated space Buddhism has played an important part on Thai where individuals or a group of people such as a society for hundreds years. Temples have become the congregation come to perform acts of devotion, center of community and the Buddhist monks veneration or religious study, and the building where considered as the representative of the temple have the monks reside. The areas of religious places are become a spiritual leader who has a great influence divided into seversl sections according to the purpose on faith and cooperation of locals. Also, temples are of area uses. Religious tourism places include the the place for religious ceremonies and practices and sites or the buildings which are related with religions. enlighten Buddhists. In addition, temples are the hub Wat Siri Phutto or Wat Kamchanod with the natural of valuable fine art related to architecture, sculpture landscape like an island covering 20 Rai and and painting in which the artists depict the connecting three Tambon including Wang Thong, remarkable features of Buddha's teaching. The Ban Muang and Ban Chan is one of the remarkable Buddhist art is notable in fineness and is utilized to tourist attractions in Udon Thani. Isaan people encourage Buddhists to practice Dharma which help believe that Kamchanod is a holy land according to purifies and gentles their mind. Therefore, not only is an ancient myth saying that Phaya Srisutthothanak Buddhist art in the temples considered ideal art but it was a person who created Mekhong River and used a also is valued in supporting high morality. Currently, sacred well in the heart of Kamchanod forest to the temples apparently are the hub of cultural heritage connect between the netherworld or the underground and multidisciplinary wisdom since ancient times. kingdom of mythical Phaya Naga and the earth. It is The monks play an essential role in conserve, inherit also believed that Nagas can impersonate to be and utilize the religious ritual and other activities in humans and live on the earth on the period of the Thai local community. waxing moon and transform to Nagas and come back Udon Thani is a province located in northeast the netherworld on the period of the waning moon. Thailand where the topography is plateau with Kamchanod, a floating forest island, is well-known mountain ranges creating the variety of nature. Most for its mystery; especially, the myth of the land of area in Udon Thani is flat or lowlands called plains. Nakin City and the Kingdom of King of Nagas. The Considered as a natural border, Phu Phan mountain area of Wat Kamchanod is a small peat swamp forest range lies from north to south dividing Udon Thani whose floor rises upon being seasonally flooded. This from other provinces. In addition, Mak Khaeng type of landscape is called “Sa Nom” by locals and Stream flows through Amphoe Muang Udon Thani Kamchanod means a spring area where taraw palms and is far from international natural border i.e., or Chanot trees densely grow. However, there is no Mekhong River. Udon Thani also has Dharma taraw palms found in areas around Kamchanod forest, tourism routes e.g., Wat Pa Ban Tat, Wat Phra which is very usual and not appeared in other areas in Phutthabaht Bua Bok, Wat Pa Pu Kon and Wat Thailand. Kamchanod is believed to be a holy land of Kamchanod. These religious destinations attract the King of Nagas because it is the gate connecting tourists to visit and worship holy objects and holy between the netherworld and the earth according to places as well as famous monks. Religious places the myth of Mekhong River. People living along this Proceedings of 103rd The IRES International Conference, Zurich, Switzerland, 16th-17th February, 2018 66 The impact of Tourism on local community following the case study of Wat Siri Phutto (Khamchanod), Ban Dung, Udon Thani river respect this area a great deal because they retain the economic and social advantages of tourism worship King of Nagas due to their culture and belief. development while reducing or mitigating any Therefore, Kamchanod apparently reflects the undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural relation and the interdependence between natural or social environment.” In addition, sustainable landscape and local culture. tourism is driven under the limit of nature and is In addition, the mystery about ghosts in Kamchanod aware of the participation of locals in social, cultural is nationwide famous and got attention from people and traditional concerns related to the tourism. across the country. In 1987 a four-strong projectionist Sustainable tourism provides crucial economic team arrived early evening on the island and set up incentives for habitat protection. Revenues from their open-air cinema equipment in a clearing, exactly visitor spending and economic benefits are often as the mysterious caller had requested. At four in the channeled back into nature conservation or capacity morning the outdoor theatre finished and the crowd building programs for local communities to manage disappeared just as suddenly as they had arrived. The protected areas. cinema crew packed up their equipment and headed Chalita Inchai (2012) conducted the study on back to Wang Tong where villagers knew nothing of Tourism Awareness Toward Conservation of the event, and nobody had heard the loud speakers Tourism Resources in Mae Sa Waterfall, Mae Rim booming either. All four men realized that their District, Chiang Mai Province and found that movies had been viewed by a large gathering of personal factors of visitors including genders, ages, ghosts. The movie was made in 2007 based on this education levels, occupations, tourism experiences in tale in which Kamchnod forest is linked to the belief natural tourist attractions and information gained and ghosts. created various tourism background and awareness As a result, the researchers are interested in toward conservation of tourism resources because considering the current tourism situation at personal factors are related to physical, emotional, Kamchanod because of the fever of Thai soap opera social, intelligent, proficient components having a about the Queen of Nakees who fell in love with great influence on various behaviors of individuals. human, which attracts ten thousands of visitors a day. The Ecotourism Society (1991) defines ecotourism as Mr. Suwat Kerndee or Grandfather Khiew, the host of “the responsible travel to natural areas and historic Chao Pu Srisuttho ceremony claimed that the faith sites that does not change or destruct values of the that flows in Kamchanod was from the holiness of ecosystem while offering economic opportunity Chao Pu Srisuttho which brought thousands of leading to conserve natural resources and sustains the visitors to worship him. However, the increasing well-being of the locals.” Western (1993) redefined number of the visitors leads to garbage problems and and shortened the definition of ecotourism by The destructing the ecosystem of Kamchanod forest. Ecotourism Society as "responsible travel to natural Currently, related government organizations are areas that conserves the environment, sustains the seeking preventive measures to deal with this well-being of the locals, and involves interpretation problem. However, it is essential that locals and the and education." visitors help conserve this forest and inherit the Therefore, it is clear that marketing is a remarkable mystery of Kamchanod. tool in filtering types and quality of tourists to promote tourism in terms of qualitative tourism rather II. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY than quantitative tourism. The quality obviously leads to sustainable tourism and current marketing 1. To consider the current tendency of tourism at promotion and advertising are run by Tourism Wat Siri Phutto or Wat Kamchanod, Ban Dung, Authority of Thailand (TAT). Udon Thani. 2. To investigate the impact of tourism on local B. Theory and Concept Related to Cultural community in termsof economy, society and Tourism environment. World Tourism Organization defined cultural tourism as the movement of persons, aroused by cultural III. LITERATURE REVIEW factors, to cultural attractions away from their normal place of residence, with the intention to gather new A. Concept of Ecotourism and Cultural Tourism information and experiences to satisfy their cultural Ecotourism is a new form of tourism and in English needs. The main or concomitant goal is to visit the there are several terms sharing the same meaning as sites and events whose cultural and historical value ecotourism including nature tourism, biotourism and has turned them being a part of the cultural heritage green tourism.
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