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1 the Woman Question in Russia
The Woman Question in Russia: Contradictions and Ambivalence Elizabeth A. Wood The Woman Question in nineteenth and early twentieth century Russia focused principally on the position of women in the family and society. It was one of the so-called “burning” social issues that occupied the Russian intelligentsia in the second half of the nineteenth century, questions such as the emancipation of the peasants and the Jews, the rise of national consciousness. Yet it was perhaps the least straight-forward of the burning questions, the one most burdened by contradictions and ambivalence. It was, for one thing, very much a question about the place of men and masculinity under autocracy. Although it ostensibly addressed notions of how to improve women’s lot, it also contained within it and even perpetuated deeply misogynist notions of women’s backwardness. The early “woman question” was also often a code phrase for authors seeking to evade the strict censorship under Tsar Nicholas I (1825-1855); they wrote about women as a way of talking about revolution and radical social change. Contemporaries perceived the Woman Question as a native development that had organic Russian roots. Yet in actuality it came to Russia as an import, borrowing many Western ideas, yet melding them with Russian intellectual and moral traditions in a new synthesis. Historians and literature scholars debate the timing and nature of the earliest appearances of the Woman Question. Most general discussions date it from the time of discussions of the Emancipation of the peasantry, i.e., the late 1850s and early 1860s. Yet it is easy to see the roots in changes under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, as well as in the 1830s-40s [1-4]. -
The Superfluous Man in Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature
Hamren 1 The Eternal Stranger: The Superfluous Man in Nineteenth-Century Russian Literature A Thesis Submitted to The Faculty of the School of Communication In Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts in English By Kelly Hamren 4 May 2011 Hamren 2 Liberty University School of Communication Master of Arts in English Dr. Carl Curtis ____________________________________________________________________ Thesis Chair Date Dr. Emily Heady ____________________________________________________________________ First Reader Date Dr. Thomas Metallo ____________________________________________________________________ Second Reader Date Hamren 3 Acknowledgements I would like to thank those who have seen me through this project and, through support for my academic endeavors, have made it possible for me to come this far: to Dr. Carl Curtis, for his insight into Russian literature in general and Dostoevsky in particular; to Dr. Emily Heady, for always pushing me to think more deeply about things than I ever thought I could; to Dr. Thomas Metallo, for his enthusiastic support and wisdom in sharing scholarly resources; to my husband Jarl, for endless patience and sacrifices through two long years of graduate school; to the family and friends who never stopped encouraging me to persevere—David and Kathy Hicks, Karrie Faidley, Jennifer Hughes, Jessica Shallenberger, and Ramona Myers. Hamren 4 Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………………………...….5 Chapter 2: Epiphany and Alienation...................................……………………………………...26 Chapter 3: “Yes—Feeling Early Cooled within Him”……………………………..……………42 Chapter 4: A Soul not Dead but Dying…………………………………………………………..67 Chapter 5: Where There’s a Will………………………………………………………………...96 Chapter 6: Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………..130 Works Cited…………………………………………………………………………………….134 Hamren 5 Introduction The superfluous man is one of the most important developments in the Golden Age of Russian literature—the period beginning in the 1820s and climaxing in the great novels of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy. -
By Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Aleksey Tolstoy
Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Упырь by Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy Aleksey Tolstoy. Russian poet and playwright (b. 24 August/5 September 1817 in Saint Petersburg; d. 28 September/10 October 1875 at Krasny Rog, in Chernigov province), born Count Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy (Алексей Константинович Толстой). Contents. Biography. Descended from illustrious aristocratic families on both sides, Aleksey was a distant cousin of the novelist Lev Tolstoy. Shortly after his birth, however, his parents separated and he was taken by his mother to Chernigov province in the Ukraine where he grew up under the wing of his uncle, Aleksey Perovsky (1787–1836), who wrote novels and stories under the pseudonym "Anton Pogorelsky". With his mother and uncle Aleksey travelled to Europe in 1827, touring Italy and visiting Goethe in Weimar. Goethe would always remain one of Tolstoy's favourite poets, and in 1867 he made notable translations of Der Gott und die Bajadere and Die Braut von Korinth . In 1834, Aleksey was enrolled at the Moscow Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, where his tasks included the cataloguing of historical documents. Three years later he was posted to the Russian Embassy at the Diet of the German Confederation in Frankfurt am Main. In 1840, he returned to Russia and worked for some years at the Imperial Chancery in Saint Petersburg. During the 1840s Tolstoy wrote several lyric poems, but they were not published until many years later, and he contented himself with reading them to his friends and acquaintances from the world of Saint Petersburg high society. At a masked ball in the winter season of 1850/51 he saw for the first time Sofya Andreyevna Miller (1825–1895), with whom he fell in love, dedicating to her the fine poem Amid the Din of the Ball (Средь шумного бала), which Tchaikovsky would later immortalize in one of his most moving songs (No. -
Folklore and the Construction of National Identity in Nineteenth Century Russian Literature
Folklore and the Construction of National Identity in Nineteenth Century Russian Literature Jessika Aguilar Submitted in partial fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Columbia University 2016 © 2016 Jessika Aguilar All rights reserved Table of Contents 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………..…..1 2. Alexander Pushkin: Folklore without the Folk……………………………….20 3. Nikolai Gogol: Folklore and the Fragmentation of Authorship……….54 4. Vladimir Dahl: The Folk Speak………………………………………………..........84 5. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………........116 6. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………122 i Introduction In his “Literary Reveries” of 1834 Vissarion Belinsky proclaimed, “we have no literature” (Belinskii PSS I:22). Belinsky was in good company with his assessment. Such sentiments are rife in the critical essays and articles of the first third of the nineteenth century. A decade earlier, Aleksandr Bestuzhev had declared that, “we have a criticism but no literature” (Leighton, Romantic Criticism 67). Several years before that, Pyotr Vyazemsky voiced a similar opinion in his article on Pushkin’s Captive of the Caucasus : “A Russian language exists, but a literature, the worthy expression of a mighty and virile people, does not yet exist!” (Leighton, Romantic Criticism 48). These histrionic claims are evidence of Russian intellectuals’ growing apprehension that there was nothing Russian about the literature produced in Russia. There was a prevailing belief that -
THE REVOLUTIONARY TRADITION ENGL 315 Fall 2011 Instructor: Michaela Bronstein, [email protected] Monday/Wednesday 2.00-3.20
THE REVOLUTIONARY TRADITION ENGL 315 Fall 2011 Instructor: Michaela Bronstein, [email protected] Monday/Wednesday 2.00-3.20, BARR 102 Drop-in office hours: Monday 12-2, Johnson Chapel #5 (Please e-mail to schedule meetings at any other time.) I wish to speak out about several matters even though my artistry goes smash. What attracts me is what has piled up in my mind and heart; let it give only a pamphlet, but I shall speak out. —Fyodor Dostoevsky, letter regarding his novel Demons Revolutionist and reactionary, victim and executioner, betrayer and betrayed, they shall all be pitied together when the light breaks on our black sky at last. Pitied and forgotten … —Natalia Haldin, Under Western Eyes, Joseph Conrad Contrary to the hope Conrad’s character expresses, we have not forgotten either the historical revolutionaries or the works they inspired. While Dostoevsky feared that his novel was too politically pointed to be a lasting work of art, Demons today is more well-known than the incident on which the novel was based. In this course we will analyze the afterlives of nineteenth-century novels about revolutionaries—not just their continuing interest, but their constant reappearance in later works. Dostoevsky’s worries about his novel turning into a “pamphlet” raise a broad issue for the novel form: why would an author who wishes to address pressing social issues write a novel rather than an essay? How do authors reconcile the long aims of literature with the urgent claims of the political present? Revolutionaries often appeal to their authors precisely because they seem to represent much more than the social problem they seek to reform—whether they represent the influence of ideology upon character or the difficulty of human attempts to plot better lives for themselves and others, revolutionaries usually carry the weight of much more abstract ideas than their immediate social purposes. -
Russian Literature from Pushkin to Dostoevsky
SLAV-R 263 / SLAV-R 563 Professor Jacob Emery Mon/Wed 2:30P-3:45 [email protected] Kirkwood Hall 212 BH 515: MW 4-5 or by appointment Russian Literature from Pushkin to Dostoevsky The course is summarized and its aims are set forth: This course is a literature seminar. It will teach us to become more appreciative, perceptive, and understanding readers, and to communicate our experience of literary texts in a compelling way. In the process, we will touch upon questions of Russian history and culture, literary and intellectual tradition, philosophy and ethics and religion. How do we account for the extraordinary, unprecedented outburst of creativity in 19th century Russia? Why do we read these books more than a hundred years after they were written, and what skills do we need to have as readers if we are to understand and enjoy artworks that were created in a different language and in a different time? How do these works engage philosophy and social thought, and how do these aspects relate to their literary form? Why do we read fiction—which is a polite word for things that are not true, or at least not true in the usual sense—and what can fiction do that other kinds of writing cannot? These questions are just for starters. There will be many more questions, and you will pose most of them yourselves. For some of these questions you will develop good working answers. In other cases you will only open the door onto knotty knotty knots of complex issues. But by the end of the semester you will have read and understood the major prose works of what is called the “Golden Age of Russian Literature,” and you will have a firm foundation in the historical context and literary concepts necessary to understand works like them. -
ABSTRACT Dostoevsky's View of the Russian Soul and Its Impact on the Russian Question in the Brothers Karamazov Paul C. Schlau
ABSTRACT Dostoevsky’s View of the Russian Soul and its Impact on the Russian Question in The Brothers Karamazov Paul C. Schlaudraff Director: Adrienne M. Harris, Ph.D Fyodor Dostoevsky, one of Russia’s most renowned novelists, profoundly affected the way that Russia would think of itself in the years following his death. One of the most important issues for Dostoevsky and other authors at the time was the reconciliation of the peasant and noble classes in the aftermath of the serf emancipation in Russia. Dostoevsky believed that the solution to this issue would come from the Russian peasantry. My research investigates Dostoevsky’s view of the “Russian soul”, which is the particular set of innate characteristics which distinguishes Russians from other nationalities. Furthermore, it examines how Dostoevsky’s view of the Russian soul affected his answer to the question of Russia’s ultimate destiny. During the 19th century, socialism was an especially popular answer to that question. Dostoevsky, however, presented an entirely different solution. Through a thorough examination of Dostoevsky’s final novel, The Brothers Karamazov, my thesis demonstrates this alternative solution and its significance in light of competing Russian theory during the 19th century. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS ______________________________________________________ Dr. Adrienne M. Harris, Department of Modern Languages APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM: ______________________________________________ Dr. Andrew Wisely, Director DATE: ________________________ DOSTOEVSKY’S VIEW OF THE RUSSIAN SOUL AND ITS IMPACT ON THE RUSSIAN QUESTION IN THE BROTHERS KARAMAZOV A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Paul C. -
Fathers and Sons Jessica Lee College of Dupage
ESSAI Volume 14 Article 24 Spring 2016 Fathers and Sons Jessica Lee College of DuPage Follow this and additional works at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai Recommended Citation Lee, Jessica (2016) "Fathers and Sons," ESSAI: Vol. 14 , Article 24. Available at: http://dc.cod.edu/essai/vol14/iss1/24 This Selection is brought to you for free and open access by the College Publications at DigitalCommons@COD. It has been accepted for inclusion in ESSAI by an authorized editor of DigitalCommons@COD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lee: Fathers and Sons Fathers and Sons by Jessica Lee (History 2225) he novel Fathers and Sons by Ivan Turgenev showed the differing ideals between the old generation and the young generation and the paths they each felt Russia should be taking. TTurgenev showed through his characters that one does not nor should, as was also the case with Russia as a country, negate the past, thinking that would build a better future. He then showed another option; a happy marriage of the two ideals, where melding of the old Russia and the ideas of a new Russia produced a better and beneficial result. In fact, those characters in the book who represented opposite and far ends of the spectrum did not end with happy lives. In 1861 Alexander II moved forward with the first of many reforms by emancipating the serfs. This huge reform affected eighty-five percent of the population or about fifty-two million people.1 There were groups within Russia that were not happy about these changes, “they insisted on long-established values and fought bitterly to preserve privilege and autocratic rule.”2 The nobles and the Russian Orthodox Church made up the largest group that did not support the emancipation of the serfs. -
The Art World Through the Eyes of I. S. Turgenev Anton Repoň Matej Bel
European Journal of Social and Human Sciences, 2014, Vol.(2), № 2 The art World Through the Eyes of I. S. Turgenev Anton Repoň Matej Bel University, Slovakia 974 01 Banská Bystrica, Tajovského 40 Faculty of Arts, Department of Slavic Languages Doctor of Filology E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The article deals with the creative work of I. S. Turgenev, which is one of the prominent representatives of Russian critical realism of the second half of the 19th century. Turgenev´s books are very popular as the birthplace of writer and abroad. The writer has seen heavy side of human existence, so he could not ignore the social antithesis, individual and collective tragedy and disaster. His knowledge of real life has given rise to a direct criticism of society, but conciliatory melancholy position. The main ethical principle of acceptance of reality for Turgenev was the need of harmony and beauty in the world and the people; the desire to understand and be understood by all. Turgenev took from romantic lyrical element as the voice of the author. Keywords: I.S. Turgenev; critical realism; Russian nature; theme of love; narrator; a typology of fictional characters. Introduction Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev is one of the main representative of Russian realism who enriched European literature by strong analysis of smart problems of his time. In his works he shows a wide picture of Russian life in 1840s - 1870s. Turgenev´s works became very successful at home as well as abroad. He belongs among the writers of 19 century, whose works are more than one hundred and twenty years issued, translated and enjoy reading a lasting popularity. -
Poetry and Psychiatry
POETRY AND PSYCHIATRY Essays on Early Twentieth-Century Russian Symbolist Culture S t u d i e S i n S l av i c a n d R u ss i a n l i t e R at u R e S , c u lt u R e S , a n d H i S to Ry Series Editor: Lazar FLeishman (Stanford University) POETRY a n d PSYCHIATRY Essays on Early Twentieth-Century Russian Symbolist Culture Magnus L junggren Translated by Charles rougle Boston / 2014 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: A bibliographic record for this title is available from the Library of Congress. Copyright © 2014 Academic Studies Press All rights reserved. ISBN 978-1-61811-350-4 (cloth) ISBN 978-1-61811-361-0 (electronic) ISBN 978-1-61811-369-6 (paper) Book design by Ivan Grave On the cover: Sergey Solovyov and Andrey Bely, 1904. Published by Academic Studies Press in 2014 28 Montfern Avenue Brighton, MA 02135, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com Effective December 12th, 2017, this book will be subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. Other than as provided by these licenses, no part of this book may be reproduced, transmitted, or displayed by any electronic or mechanical means without permission from the publisher or as permitted by law. The open access publication of this volume is made possible by: This open access publication is part of a project supported by The Andrew W. -
“Neo Romantic Period” in the Soviet Literary Research of the 1960-1980S
ISSN 2039-2117 (online) Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences Vol 6 No 5 S2 ISSN 2039-9340 (print) MCSER Publishing, Rome-Italy September 2015 Debate Background on the “Neo Romantic Period” in the Soviet Literary Research of the 1960-1980s Kirill Nikolaevich Ankudinov Uchuzhuk Maskhudovich Panesh Kutas Nukhovna Paranuk Galina Viktorovna Sokolova Federal State Budget Institution of Higher Professional Education «Adyghe State University» (ASU), 385000 Maikop, street Pervomayskaya, 208, Russian Federation; Email: [email protected] Doi:10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p191 Abstract The article is a local research related to the solution of the general theoretical literary issue: whether Romanticism is beyond Romanticism boundaries as a certain historical trend. The article reveals the methodology of solving this problem that combines the achievements of ‘sociological’ and ‘formal’ national schools of literary research, as well as uses the method of philosophical metahermeneutics. In addition, the article provides a panorama of methodological approaches to the discussion of the Romanticism problem in foreign literary research. The bulk of the article examines the controversy in the Soviet literary research of the 60-80s in the 20th century about the possible existence of ‘new Romanticism’ in the initial method of ‘socialist realism’. This controversy has revealed two opposite approaches to the issue of ‘Romanticism post Romanticism’. The first approach expressed in the statements of G. Pospelov, V. Vanslov N. Gulyaev, E. Maymin (et al.) categorically denied ‘Romanticism post Romanticism’ as “Romanticism had already existed before”. The second approach, represented by A. Kireyeva, A. Ovcharenko, U. R. Focht, on the contrary, suggested the possibility (and even the regularity) of this phenomenon in the Soviet art. -
A House of Gentlefolk Ivan Turgenev
A House of Gentlefolk Ivan Turgenev The Harvard Classics Shelf of Fiction, Vol. XIX, Part 1. Selected by Charles William Eliot Copyright © 2001 Bartleby.com, Inc. Bibliographic Record Contents The Novel in Russia Biographical Note Criticisms and Interpretations I. By Emile Melchior, Vicomte de Vogüé II. By William Dean Howells III. By K. Waliszewski IV. Richard H. P. Curle V. By Maurice Baring List of Characters Chapter I Chapter II Chapter III Chapter IV Chapter V Chapter VI Chapter VII Chapter VIII Chapter IX Chapter X Chapter XI Chapter XII Chapter XIII Chapter XIV Chapter XV Chapter XVI Chapter XVII Chapter XVIII Chapter XIX Chapter XX Chapter XXI Chapter XXII Chapter XXIII Chapter XXIV Chapter XXV Chapter XXVI Chapter XXVII Chapter XXVIII Chapter XXIX Chapter XXX Chapter XXXI Chapter XXXII Chapter XXXIII Chapter XXXIV Chapter XXXV Chapter XXXVI Chapter XXXVII Chapter XXXVIII Chapter XXXIX Chapter XL Chapter XLI Chapter XLII Chapter XLIII Chapter XLIV Chapter XLV Epilogue The Novel in Russia PROSE fiction has a more prominent position in the literature of Russia than in that of any other great country. Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy occupy in their own land not only the place of Dickens, Thackeray, and George Eliot in England, but also to some degree that of Carlyle, Matthew Arnold, or Ruskin. Their works are regarded as not merely diverting tales over which to spend pleasantly an idle hour, but as books full of suggestive and inspiring teaching on moral and social questions. “Fathers and Children” and “Crime and Punishment” are discussed and read not merely for their artistic merit, as reflections of Russian life, but as trenchant criticisms of that life.