DOCSLIB.ORG

The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project LAWRENCE I. PLOTKIN Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial interview date: June 21, 2004 Copyright 2005 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in Chicago Illinois" raised in Southern California University of California at Los Angeles University of Indiana Fort Wayne Indiana" Lecturer 1967-1972 Entered the Foreign Service .USIA/ 1970 State Department FSI" Polish language training 1970-1971 Warsa2 Poland" USIA 1971-1976 Security Fulbright Program 4edia Uprising Catholic Church Environment U.S. Culture Po6nan Poland" Consular Officer 1976-1977 Po6nan fairs Environment 4arriage Panama City Panama" USIA Program Officer 1977-1980 Canal treaty President Torrijos Canal 9one Environment Noriega Shah of Iran issue 4exico 0 Washington DC" USIA 4exico and Central America desk 1980-1980 Sandinistas El Salvador Charles Wick CIA Relations 2ith 4exico Washington DC" USIA Program 4gr. Europe and East Asia 1980-1985 >Anti-America? programs Robert 4applethorpe State Department FSI" Serbian language trainee 1985-1986 Belgrade Yugoslavia" Cultural Affairs Officer 1986-1990 Fulbright Exchange Program International Aisitors Program Cultural Programs American studies Environment Washington DC" USIA Personnel Officer Europe 1990-1991 Washington DC USIA Director European Fulbright Program 1991-1990 Benjamin Franklin .4uskie/ Program Bilateral Commissions Brantee repatriation problems Beorge Soros project Private foundations Albania program Sofia Bulgaria" USIA Public Affairs Officer .PAO/ 1991-1997 Elections Programs 4edia Democracy Commission Non-Bovernment Organi6ations .NBOCS/ Former communists American University of Bulgaria Yugoslavia 4acedonia Roma Environment Bovernment NATO and Europe 1 De2ish community US interests Demonstrations Washington DC" USIA Deputy Policy officer Europe 1997 Transferred to Department of State 1998 State Department" Deputy Policy Officer Europe .EUREPA/ 1998-2000 Television Ex-Yugoslavia Aoice of America Dayton Accords USIA Program Former USSR countries Comments on State >Takeover? of USIA Retirement 2000 State Department >While Actually Employed? Assignments EUREPA 9agreb Yugoslavia Public Affairs Officer EUREACE Aolunteer INTERVIEW Q: Today is the 21st of June, 2004. This is an interview with Lawrence I. Plot)in. What does the +I, stand for- PLOTFIN: Isadore. Q: Well, begin with when and where were you born- PLOTFIN: I 2as born on October 21 1909 in Chicago Illinois. Q: Where in Chicago- PLOTFIN: Northside Cub fans. Q: Where did your father.s side of the family come from- PLOTFIN: All Plotkins ICve ever encountered come from bet2een Warsa2 and 4osco2. 2 Both sides of my family came from a small to2n no2 in Poland though it has moved back and forth several times among Russia Poland and Belarus. ItCs about ten miles 2est of the Bug River and is called Siemyatiche. The to2n probably never had more than 10 000 inhabitants and in the late 19th century 2as predominantly De2ish. Q: Do you )now when the family e0odus too) place and the circumstances- PLOTFIN: 4y immediate family arrived in the U.S. one-by-one bet2een 1900 and 1917 driven from Poland by a combination of repression against De2s there and the hope of opportunity here. 4y fatherCs father Nachman Plotkin 2as the first to make the move. He arrived in 1900 at the age of about 21. 4y fatherCs mother born Denny .or Shajna/ Weiss came over shortly thereafter. They met and married in Chicago. Q: What did your great grandfather do in Poland- PLOTFIN: ICm not sure ho2 accurate the information is but I 2as told the family had a pottery factory of some kind in Poland. I donCt kno2 anything about its si6e. Q: 1our grandfather was the first one over here. Did you )now him- PLOTFIN: Yes Huite 2ell. Not as 2ell as I 2ould like to have. I 2as in my early t2enties 2hen he died and like so many of us didnCt ask him the kind of Huestions I 2ould ask him today. Q: What did he do- PLOTFIN: He arrived in Chicago follo2ing the arrival of others 2ho had come from the same part of Poland and joined an established community of Polish-De2ish immigrants 2ithin the larger community in Chicago. It 2as on the north side of the city. His home and business 2as run from a building on Evergreen Street. He o2ned and operated a hauling business initially using horses and 2agons and later using trucks. Q: 1our father- PLOTFIN: 4y father 2as born in Chicago on 4ay 9 1911. He 2ent to public schools there but got himself in trouble in the seventh grade. The story I 2as told 2as that he didnCt 2ant to go s2imming and ended up pushing the s2imming instructor into the s2imming pool. He ever 2ent back to school again. It 2as some 2hile before his family kne2 2hat he had done because he 2ent out and found himself a job I something you could do at 10 or 11 in those days. This 2ould have been roughly 1900. Finally the school contacted my grandparents and asked >Where is AbeJ? When his parents confronted him 2ith the truth his response 2as >ICm out" ICm earning some money" I donKtC 2ant to go back to school"? and that apparently 2as the end of the discussion. Q: What did he wor) his way into doing- 3 PLOTFIN: He ended up 2orking in 2holesale liHuor sales in Los Angeles. He and his brother had o2ned a package store and bar in Chicago. After the 2ar one of his contacts offered him a job in liHuor sales. We moved to L.A. in Duly 1915. We made the trip in a 1909 Chevy and ICm told that I stood I this 2as before anyone thought of seatbelts - all the 2ay to the 2est coast. Q: Was your father in the military- PLOTFIN: He had fallen on an icy side2alk and cracked a couple of vertebrae in his spine in a fall as a young man so 2as 1F. It eventually reHuired surgery. He 2orked as a foreman in an aircraft factory in Chicago during the Second World War building the gunnerCs bubbles for bombers. Q: How about your mother3s side. PLOTFIN: They 2ere from the same part of Poland although 2ith a rather different history. Eastern Poland 2as at that time part of Russia. Poland didnCt exist as a state" its territory had been divided among Bermany Prussia and Austria. 4y motherCs father Louis Rothstein 2ho died relatively young and 2hom I never kne2 2as in the Polish underground and 2as a 2anted man by the Russians for some incident in 2hich heCd participated. He 2as smuggled out of the country and 2orked his 2ay to the United States. He 2as a tailor. Her mother Rebecca Resnick arrived in about 1912 my only grandparent 2ho didnCt enter the U.S. through Ellis Island. She 2as sponsored by an uncle already in the U.S. 2as sent a ticket that 2as at least above steerage and entered via Philadelphia. Q: Did any of the older generation of your family go on to university- PLOTFIN: No. The first person in my family and the only one before me to get a university education 2as one of my fatherKs older brothers Sam. He earned a degree in architecture from the University of Chicago but graduated as the depression hit and never practiced. His entire 2orking career 2as spent as a tool design engineer. 4y fatherCs eldest brother Isadore 2as a classical violinist 2ith the Chicago Symphony. He and several other musicians 2ere killed 2hen their car 2as hit by a train at one of ChicagoCs many crossings. 4y father had an older sister as 2ell Boldie 2ho played a crucial role in my life. She introduced my parents to each other. Q: How did your mother and father meet and what was your mother doing- PLOTFIN: 4y mother 2as the eldest of four children. Her father died 2hen she 2as still in high school in the 11th grade. She left school to help support the family. The family moved to Los Angeles .ICm not sure ho2 that came about/ and she found a job there 2orking as a sales girl and helping to raise her significantly younger brother and sister. One of her jobs 2as at the FarmerCs 4arket in West Los Angeles at a nut and dried fruit 4 stall. At about the same time my father 2ho 2as the youngest of the four children in his family 2as visiting his older sister. She had married and moved to Los Angeles in the mid-C00s. His sister kne2 my motherCs mother and 2as instrumental in my parentCs meeting one another in Los Angeles. 4y father returned to Chicago and a short time later my mother and her family returned to 4il2aukee 2here sheCd been born but they kept in touch and romance blossomed. Q: Where in Los Angeles did your family move to in 1445- PLOTFIN: Initially the East Side to a community called City Terrace at the eastern edge of Los Angeles. The next to2n east 2as Alhambra 2hich is outside of L.A.Cs borders. Bet2een City Terrace and Alhambra there 2ere fields 2ith horses running free and Bird Egg Creek 2here I caught tadpoles. Not the Los Angeles of today or 2hat people think of 2hen L.A. is mentioned. But of course Bird Egg Creek and the fields are all paved over no2. Q: 1ou mentioned that you are Jewish. How religious was your family- PLOTFIN: Not very. I did go to Hebre2 school afternoons and I 2as bar mit6vahed but it 2as largely for the sake of grandparents. 4y parents 2ere very secular never attended synagogue regularly and didnCt keep kosher. I am less religious than they 2ere. Q: Did you have enough Jewish identity to be aware of pertinent world events- PLOTFIN: DonCt mistake me.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Livin' a Boss' Life
    REAL, RAW, & UNCENSORED WEST COAST RAP SHIT TURF TALK BEEDA WEEDA CLYDE CARSON MAC MALL DAMANI & MORE BAY AREA AMBASSADOR - LIVIN’ AE BOSS’40 LIFE * WEST COAST DJs SOUND OFF ON MIXTAPE DRAMA * THE GAME’S BROTHER BIG FASE100 * BUMSQUAD’S LATIN PRINCE & MORE // OZONE WEST Publisher EDITOR’S NOTE Julia Beverly Editor-IN-Chief N. Ali Early Music Editor Randy Roper Art Director Tene Gooden Contributors D-Ray DJ BackSide Joey Colombo Toby Francis Wendy Day Street Reps Anthony Deavers Bigg P-Wee Dee1 Demolition Men DJ E-Z Cutt DJ Jam-X DJ K-Tone DJ Quote MUST BE DREAMIN’ DJ Strong & DJ Warrior John Costen Kewan Lewis Lisa Coleman Maroy been living in Atlanta a good decade and I still haven’t gotten completely accus- Rob J Official tomed to it, nor have I embraced it all the way. What can I say? I’m a Bayboy to the Rob Reyes heart. Anyone who knows me, knows that I rep the Bay – all day, every day. I went Sherita Saulsberry I’vehome for Xmas and all I could think about was what kind of Bay Tees I was gonna snatch so I could have William Major the option of reppin’ my soil every day for two weeks straight (that’s 14, but who’s counting?). Took Moms in there and scooped about eight of ‘em REAL QUICK (already had 6). Alas, I didn’t leave my heart in San Francisco ala Tony Bennett. It’s somewhere in Tha Rich! But I gotta love the A and I gotta give JB props for bringing me on board, ‘cause without the move from Orlando this opportunity may have never cracked off.
    [Show full text]
  • Muhammad Ali: an Unusual Leader in the Advancement of Black America
    Muhammad Ali: An Unusual Leader in the Advancement of Black America The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Voulgaris, Panos J. 2016. Muhammad Ali: An Unusual Leader in the Advancement of Black America. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33797384 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Muhammad Ali: An Unusual Leader in the Advancement of Black America Panos J. Voulgaris A Thesis in the Field of History for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University November 2016 © November 2016, Panos John Voulgaris Abstract The rhetoric and life of Muhammad Ali greatly influenced the advancement of African Americans. How did the words of Ali impact the development of black America in the twentieth century? What role does Ali hold in history? Ali was a supremely talented artist in the boxing ring, but he was also acutely aware of his cultural significance. The essential question that must be answered is how Ali went from being one of the most reviled people in white America to an icon of humanitarianism for all people. He sought knowledge through personal experience and human interaction and was profoundly influenced by his own upbringing in the throes of Louisville’s Jim Crow segregation.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Science; *Polits; Secondary 7Ducation; Social Studies; Sociology; United States History 7PENTIF:7 PS *Irish Ami.Ricans
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 129 690 SO 009 470 AUTHOF Krug, Mark M. -"TTL7 White Ethnic Groups and American Politics, Student Book. The Lavinia and Charles P. Schwartz Citizenship Project. INST7TUTI711 Chicago Univ., Ill. Graduate School of Education. 1DUB DATE 72 NOTE 99p.; For related documents, see SO 009 469-474 EDFS PF:CE MF-$0.83 HC-$4.67 Plus Postage. DESCFIPTOFS *Citizenship; Ethnic Grouping; *Ethnic Groups; Ethnic Studies; *Ethnocentrism; Italian Americans; Jews; Polish Americans; Political Science; *Polits; Secondary 7ducation; Social Studies; Sociology; United States History 7PENTIF:7 PS *Irish Ami.ricans ABSIPACT This student book, one in a series of civic education materials, focuses on white ethnic groups and how they influence the operation of the American political system. The ethnicgroups which are investigated include Poles, Irish, Italians, and Jews. An ethnic person is defined as anyone who decides to identify with and live among those who share the same immigrant memories and values. Ethnic origin, ethnic loyalties, and ethnic considerations playan important role in the political process of the United States. A separate chapter focuses on each of the four minority groups and its role in the process of American politics. Jews, labeled as the shaken liberals, have historically been staunch supporters of the liberal tradition as a unified voter block, but apparent conservative trends are showing as a reaction to radical liberalism and its support of the Arab nations. The Irish built and dominated political organizations, known as machines, in several cities and their predominance in city politics continues today. Italians'were rather slow in getting into politics, but in general Italiansare politically conservative, strong American patriots, disunited due to internal identity conflicts, and assimilating rapidly into U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • UNDERSTANDING PORTRAYALS of LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS in HIP-HOP LYRICS SINCE 2009 By
    ON THE BEAT: UNDERSTANDING PORTRAYALS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS IN HIP-HOP LYRICS SINCE 2009 by Francesca A. Keesee A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of George Mason University in Partial Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Degrees of Master of Science Conflict Analysis and Resolution Master of Arts Conflict Resolution and Mediterranean Security Committee: ___________________________________________ Chair of Committee ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Graduate Program Director ___________________________________________ Dean, School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Date: _____________________________________ Fall Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, VA University of Malta Valletta, Malta On the Beat: Understanding Portrayals of Law Enforcement Officers in Hip-hop Lyrics Since 2009 A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Science at George Mason University and Master of Arts at the University of Malta by Francesca A. Keesee Bachelor of Arts University of Virginia, 2015 Director: Juliette Shedd, Professor School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution Fall Semester 2017 George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia University of Malta Valletta, Malta Copyright 2016 Francesca A. Keesee All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION This is dedicated to all victims of police brutality. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am forever grateful to my best friend, partner in crime, and husband, Patrick.
    [Show full text]
  • Black and White Doesn't Mean Grey
    Black and White Doesn’t Mean Gray, Willy Lizárraga Black and White Doesn’t Mean Gray Willy Lizárraga Back and forth. The ball. Bounce and rebound. Fast because it is against a wall and it’ll return everything you throw at it. It’ll defeat you no matter what, although it will always leave it up to you to decide when to walk away. I was at that point. Actually, I was past that point. My arm and wrist had already given up. I wasn’t going to quit, though. This girl at the other end of the wall had been at it when I arrived and was still going strong. I kept eyeing her. She wasn’t even sweating. She mixed up her shots with absolute control: forehands, backhands, serves, volleys, always hitting the wall at exactly the same spot, right between the bathroom door and its only window. She wore red shorts and a loose gray t-shirt, ripped at one shoulder. Her tennis shoes were so old they didn’t have color anymore. She had an enormous Afro, almost bigger than her, and long, perfectly cylindrical legs. Her socks were super white. Or maybe it just seemed so against her dark skin. Her shoulders were small, like her hips. Meanwhile, my humiliation kept building up. So I purposefully hit the ball to her side. I wanted to interrupt her, to stop the unstoppable flow of her shots. Maybe I could even talk to her. It was like eight in the morning. We were the only ones in the park.
    [Show full text]
  • Dream Calendar
    PS edited by Raymond Friel and Richard Price number 4 PS is the Prose Supplement to Painted, spoken, which is edited, typeset, and published by Richard Price. Please send an A5 stamped self-addressed envelope for a free copy. Earlier issues have been digitised at: www.poetrymagazines.org.uk PS‟s editorial policy is constituted in instalments by the contents of PS PS appears occasionally, from 24 Sirdar Rd, Wood Green, London N22 6RG Other related projects are outlined at www.hydrohotel.net PS edited by Raymond Friel and Richard Price PS number 4 2008 Darren Hayman and the Secondary Modern (Track and Field) Richard Price “Give the kids what they want!” Darren Hayman sings on the rousing opener to his new collection. “Art & Design” is a song about the allure of trendy teachers to pupils and colleagues alike, it‟s about adultery avoidance and confused state- sponsored educationalism. “But they don‟t know what they want!” he replies to himself in anguished but energetic tones. This track is the beginning of an album of songs whose great hooks belie their rich narrative content. It is surely among Hayman‟s most catchy batches of songs and that‟s saying something. The electric blue-grass band he has assembled gives this record a fuller sound than his last outing with the appropriately named solo project Table For One. Occasional use of horns, uplifting saxophone here, delicate trumpet there, and the presence of guitars now fully back since the electronic experiments of Dead Media and Local Information all up the power but don‟t deaden the wit.
    [Show full text]
  • Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man: What Men Really Think About Love
    ACT LIKE A Lady, THINK LIKE A MAN Steve Harvey * WHAT MEN REALLY THINK A'BOUT LOVE, RELATIONSHIPS, INTIMACY, AND COMMITMENT I 've made a living for more than twenty years making people laugh about themselves, about each other, about family, and friends, and, most certainly, about love, sex, and relationships. My humor is always rooted in truth and full of wisdom the kind that comes from living, watching, learning, and knowing. I'm told my jokes strike chords with people be cause they can relate to them, especially the ones that explore the dynamics of relationships between men and women. It never ceases to amaze me how much people talk about relationships, think about them, read about them, ask about them even get in them without a clue how to move them forward. For sure, if there's anything I've discovered during my journey here on God's earth, it's this: (a) too many women are clueless about men, (b) men get away with a whole lot of stuff in relationships because women have never understood how men think, and (c) I've got some valuable information to change all of that. I discovered this when my career transitioned to radio with the Steve Harvey Morning Show. Back when my show was based in Los Angeles, I created a segment called Ask Steve, during which women could call in and ask anything they wanted to about relationships. Anything. At the very least, I thought Ask Steve would lead to some good comedy, and at .rst, that's pretty much what it was all about for me getting to the jokes.
    [Show full text]
  • 8123 Songs, 21 Days, 63.83 GB
    Page 1 of 247 Music 8123 songs, 21 days, 63.83 GB Name Artist The A Team Ed Sheeran A-List (Radio Edit) XMIXR Sisqo feat. Waka Flocka Flame A.D.I.D.A.S. (Clean Edit) Killer Mike ft Big Boi Aaroma (Bonus Version) Pru About A Girl The Academy Is... About The Money (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. feat. Young Thug About The Money (Remix) (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. feat. Young Thug, Lil Wayne & Jeezy About Us [Pop Edit] Brooke Hogan ft. Paul Wall Absolute Zero (Radio Edit) XMIXR Stone Sour Absolutely (Story Of A Girl) Ninedays Absolution Calling (Radio Edit) XMIXR Incubus Acapella Karmin Acapella Kelis Acapella (Radio Edit) XMIXR Karmin Accidentally in Love Counting Crows According To You (Top 40 Edit) Orianthi Act Right (Promo Only Clean Edit) Yo Gotti Feat. Young Jeezy & YG Act Right (Radio Edit) XMIXR Yo Gotti ft Jeezy & YG Actin Crazy (Radio Edit) XMIXR Action Bronson Actin' Up (Clean) Wale & Meek Mill f./French Montana Actin' Up (Radio Edit) XMIXR Wale & Meek Mill ft French Montana Action Man Hafdís Huld Addicted Ace Young Addicted Enrique Iglsias Addicted Saving abel Addicted Simple Plan Addicted To Bass Puretone Addicted To Pain (Radio Edit) XMIXR Alter Bridge Addicted To You (Radio Edit) XMIXR Avicii Addiction Ryan Leslie Feat. Cassie & Fabolous Music Page 2 of 247 Name Artist Addresses (Radio Edit) XMIXR T.I. Adore You (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miley Cyrus Adorn Miguel Adorn Miguel Adorn (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miguel Adorn (Remix) Miguel f./Wiz Khalifa Adorn (Remix) (Radio Edit) XMIXR Miguel ft Wiz Khalifa Adrenaline (Radio Edit) XMIXR Shinedown Adrienne Calling, The Adult Swim (Radio Edit) XMIXR DJ Spinking feat.
    [Show full text]
  • GŁOS POLEK Polish Women’S Alliance of America Winter 2018 No
    GŁOS POLEK POLISH WOmen’S ALLIANCE OF AMERICA WINTER 2018 NO. 4 MMXVIII Merry Christmas! • Wesołych Świąt Bożego Narodzenia! Happy New Year! • Szczęśliwego Nowego Roku! THE POLISH WOmen’S VOICE – A PUBLICATION OF POLISH WOmen’S ALLIANCE OF AMERICA AND FIRST CATHOLIC SLOVAK LADIES ASSOCIATION About Us and Our Newsletter Welcome GŁOS POLEK / THE POLISH WOMEN’S VOICE PWA ACTING DISTRICT PRESIDENTS IN THIS ISSUE ISSN 0199-0462 District I – Illinois & Florida Published four times a year by • Welcome ................................................ p 3 Lidia Z. Filus, 325 South Chester, POLISH WOMEN’S ALLIANCE OF AMERICA AND Park Ridge, IL 60068 FIRST CATHOLIC SLOVAK LADIES ASSOCIATION • From FCSLA .......................................... p 4 English editor: Mary Mirecki-Piergies District II – Western Pennsylvania Polish editor and graphic designer: Lidia Rozmus Maryann Watterson, 714 Flint Street, • Fraternal News ................................. p 5-6 Allison, PA 15101 PRINTED BY TRIANGLE PRESS IN HARRISBURG, PA • PWA Christmas Fundraiser .............. p 7 Postmaster: Send address changes to District III – Indiana First Catholic Slovak Ladies Association Evelyn Lisek, 524 Hidden Oak Drive, • PWA Archives Project ........................ p 8 24950 Chagrin Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44122 Hobart, IN 46342 District IV – New York & Erie, PA. FCSLA BOARD OF DIRECTORS • Insurance ......................................... p 9-14 CHAPLAIN: District V – Michigan Very Reverend Monsignor Peter M. Polando, • Christmas Traditions ................. p 14-15 Cathedral of Saint Columba, 159 W. Rayen Ave., Mary Ann Nowak, 17397 Millar Rd., Clinton Township, MI 48036 Youngstown, OH 44503. Residence: (330) 744-5233. • Christmas Recipes ............................ p 16 Email: [email protected]. District VI – Wisconsin PRESIDENT: Diane M. Reeve, 1223 S. 10th St., • PWA Book Club .................................. p 17 Cynthia M.
    [Show full text]
  • Mieczysław Madaj, Roman Nir the Polish Parish Organization in Chicago
    Mieczysław Madaj, Roman Nir The Polish Parish Organization in Chicago Rocznik Kolbuszowski 16, 237-253 2016 KS. MIECZYSŁAW MADAJ, KS. ROMAN NIR – Chicago The Polish Parish Organization in Chicago The title „Polish Parish Organization in Chicago”, must be explained and its extent adjusted for our purpose here. „Polish Parish Organization” means the establishment of parishes for Americans of Polish descent both Catholic and non – Catholic. Although I am reasonably sure of the situation outside of the Archdiocese of Chicago, I am certain that in Chicago and its metropolitan area the only parishes are those of the Roman Catholic Church and those of the Polish National Church. Polish Americans may belong to congratulations of other denominations but there are no special parishes for them in the other persuasions. The word, „Chicago”, in the title is expanded here to include the metropolitan area of the city; more specifically this means the Archdiocese of Chicago. According to the 1975 edition of the Official Catholic Directory there were 2,466,294 Catholic in the Archdiocese of Chicago which consists of Cook and Lake Counties in northeastern Illinois. To serve all these people there were 455 parish churches, 5 missions and 345 chapels. At that time there were still 57 parishes and 2 missions that were considered Polish. In the same manner as these parishes are no longer exclusively Polish the re- maining 399 parishes also include Poles among their members. The national lines were held rather firmly until World War II, but following it these be- came increasingly obscured. Not only in territorial parishes but also in what are still loosely considered Polish parishes one finds Blacks and Hispanics among the members.
    [Show full text]
  • Virginiaormbrek.Pdf
    Nordic American Voices Nordic Heritage Museum Interview of Virginia Ormbrek April 7, 2012 Seattle, Washington Interviewers: Brandon Benson; Lynn Tengbom Also present: Tom Ormbrek Brandon Benson: [0:08] This is an interview for the Nordic American Voices Oral History project. This is the seventh of April, 2012, and we’ll be interviewing Virginia Ormbrek at the Nordic Heritage Museum in Seattle’s Ballard neighborhood. My name is Brandon Benson, and I’m interviewing Virginia with Lynn Tengbom. So first, Virginia, could you spell out your name- first and last, and you tell us when you were born? Virginia Ormbrek: [0:35] Yes, I was born in 1917- the fifth of February. I was six months old when World War One broke out. My father was Henry Wise. He was German-American. He was in the National Guard, and he went overseas to France. I was christened at Camp Lewis. In those days it was Camp Lewis, not Fort Lewis. And my mother and older brother and I rode in the troop train as far as New York, until he sailed. [1:07] But my name is spelled V-I-R-G-I-N-I-A. And my maiden name was W-I-S-E. It was a German name in the beginning. That is not a proper name in Germany; it means meadow. It’s not a person’s name. But I was told by a couple of German doctors that I knew later on when I was in training that our name would have been W-E-I-S-S- the equivalent of White.
    [Show full text]
  • Learned in Sex Ed
    Western Oregon University Digital Commons@WOU Honors Senior Theses/Projects Student Scholarship Summer 2020 Devising A Show From the Ground Up: Things We (never) Learned in Sex Ed Lindsay R. Spear Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wou.edu/honors_theses Devising A Show From the Ground Up: Things We (never) Learned in Sex Ed By Lindsay R Spear An Honors Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Western Oregon University Honors Program Dr. Kent Neely, Thesis Advisor Dr. Gavin Keulks, Honors Program Director September 2020 Acknowledgements To Gavin Keulks, thank you for not giving up on me. A lot of people would have. But thank you for always reaching out and kicking me in the butt when I needed it. You are the reason I was able to finish my thesis. Thank you from the bottom of my heart. To Michael Phillips, thank you. You taught me not only how to devise a show, but you made it a point to teach me how to support myself as I write and tour shows in the future. You showed me the best spots to hang posters, the tedium of applying, and the importance of reaching out to fellow artists, among so much more. I am happy to call you not just my director or professor, but my friend as well. To Phoebe Thomspson, thank you for being my creative partner, and for hearing all my songs and ideas before rehearsals when I was too scared to show it to Michael. You were so patient and taught me so much during our process.
    [Show full text]