DOCSLIB.ORG

Comparison Between Steel Arch Bridges in China and Japan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Comparison Between Steel Arch Bridges in China and Japan Journal of JSCE, Vol. 1, 214-227, 2013 COMPARISON BETWEEN STEEL ARCH BRIDGES IN CHINA AND JAPAN Kangming CHEN1, Shozo NAKAMURA2, Baochun CHEN3, Qingxiong WU3 and Takafumi NISHIKAWA4 1Student Member of JSCE, PhD Candidate, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., Nagasaki University (1-14, Bukyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan) 2Member of JSCE, Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., Nagasaki University (1-14, Bukyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan) E-mail: [email protected] 3Professor, College of Civil Eng., University of Fuzhou (2, Xueyuan Road, Minhou, Fuzhou 350108, China) 4Member of JSCE, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Eng., Nagasaki University (1-14, Bukyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan) A review of the current status and progress of steel arch bridges in China and Japan, as well as an outline of the design vehicle load and design method against global buckling for such bridges, is presented in this paper. The existing steel arch bridges in China and Japan were analyzed in terms of year of completion, main span length, structure type, main arch rib form and construction method. It is shown that the steel arch bridge in China has developed rapidly since 2000, characterized by a long main span, while in Japan it has stepped into a fast-growing period since 1955, with medium and small bridges holding a great majority. As for the main span length, most of the bridges have a span from 100m to 250m in China, while majority of bridges are shorter than 150m in Japan. Over 80% of the bridges in China are through and half-through bridge types, and the arch ribs are hingeless structures. However, over 88% of bridges in Japan are deck and through bridge types, and a two-hinged structure was mostly adopted in through and half-through bridges. Sin- gle-hinged and three-hinged arches were seldom adopted in the two countries. The rise-to-span ratios of the arches in China and Japan are mainly in the range of 1:6-1:4 and 1:7-1:5, respectively. Most of the arches both in China and Japan use solid box ribs, and only a small fraction uses truss ribs, in which box sections are mostly adopted for the truss members. The cantilever method and scaffolding method are the two main construction methods used in China and Japan, although some other construction methods have also been developed. Key Words : steel arch bridge, comparison, design vehicle load, design method, main span, structural type, arch rib, construction method 1. INTRODUCTION and design capabilities contribute to make the steel arch bridge one of the main bridge types in the world, By the material used for the main arch, an arch even though many bridge types have become avail- bridge can be classified into five categories, i.e., able in recent years. Lots of world-class achieve- stone, concrete, reinforced concrete (RC), concrete ments have been witnessed in the field of steel arch filled steel tube (CFST) and steel arch bridges. Steel bridge design and construction. arch bridges have been constructed only since the Steel arch bridges have been designed and con- late 1800s. Their use began to spread before World structed for about 140 years in Japan since the first War II and significantly expanded after the war, cast iron bridge, Shinmachi Bridge, was completed when steel became more available. The steel arch is in 1872. Many steel arch bridges have been con- aesthetically beautiful, highly stiff, efficient in cost, structed with various structure types by employing a and can be in multiple structural forms, hence it has variety of construction methods1), 2). A wealth of been widely accepted. Improved materials, products experience has been accumulated. 214 Very few steel arch bridges had been built before pletion years of 68 bridges are known. They are 2000 in China, but more and more steel arch bridges shown in Fig. 1 by markers with some representative were built later on. Some of them have very long bridges labelled. The red broken line and blue solid spans. The present span record of the steel arch line show the development of the main span and the bridge is held in China3), 4), and some new construc- number of bridges, respectively. Twenty bridges tion methods have been employed, such as the swing with main spans of more than 200m are listed in method. Table 1. From a brief review of the history of the steel arch It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the development of bridge in China and Japan, it can be seen that it is steel arch bridges in China can be partitioned roughly beneficial for engineers to learn from the rich ex- into two stages using the year 2000. Before 2000, periences of Japan and their techniques for design only 10 bridges (13.2%) were built. Compared with and construction. The quick evolution of steel arch steel arch bridges in other countries and RC and bridges in China is also worth knowing for engineers. CFST arch bridges in China8), 9), the construction of In this context, a large amount of data and litera- steel arch bridges has obviously lagged behind. ture about steel arch bridges in China and Japan The Dahong Bridge in Tianjin may have been the constructed before December of 2011 and 2008, first steel arch bridge in China. It was first a wooden respectively, have been collected, and are analyzed bridge and was reconstructed into a steel arch bridge in terms of their history, main span length, structural in 1887, but was swept away by flood in 1924. Re- form, construction method and aesthetics. In addition, construction of the New Dahong Bridge was planed a design vehicle load and design method against again in 1933, and completed in 1937. It is a global buckling for steel arch bridges are outlined. through-type steel arch bridge with three spans; the main span is 57.37m10). For a long time in China, scarcity of material and 2. EVOLUTION OF STEEL ARCH the backwardness of industrialization prevented a BRIDGES large number of steel bridges from being built. Steel was only used in key bridges crossing major rivers. The evolution of arch bridges is closely related to When the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge was built in that of construction materials. Such evolution due to the 1950s, the steel for its construction was imported improvement in the technique of steel production is a from the former Soviet Union. Afterwards, it became common matter all over the industrial field. The possible to produce the type 16Mn steel (yield stress: industrialization of iron and steel enabled their initial use in arch bridges, which was the main long-span 600 Chaotianmen Bridge 70 bridge type at that time. The world’s first cast iron 550 Lupu Bridge 500 60 bridge was constructed in the UK (completed in 450 Xinguang Bridge 50 1779). Some wrought iron bridges were also built 400 Caiyuanba Bridge during this period, such as the well-known Garabit 350 40 Bridge in Massif, France, with a main span of 165m 300 Jiujiang Yangtze 250 River Bridge 30 (completed in 1884), and the Maria Pia Bridge in 200 Dukou Bridge Main span,Main m Guandu Bridge 20 150 Midi Bridge of bridgesNumber Porto, Portugal, with a main span of 160m (com- Construction 3) 100 pleted in 1877) . Yingsuihe Bridge 10 50 Under The steel arch bridge was first established in the 0 New Dahong Bridge 0 USA (Eads Bridge, completed in 1874). Its success promoted the booming development of steel arch 1935 1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Completion year bridges worldwide. A number of steel arch bridges, Fig. 1 Main spans and completion year of steel arch such as the Hell Gate Bridge built in the USA in 1916 bridges in China. (main span: 298m), the Sydney Harbor Bridge con- structed in Australia in 1932 (main span: 503m), the Bayonne Bridge and the New River Gorge Bridge, with main spans of 504m and 518.3m, respectively, in the USA5), were built successively. (1) Evolution in China Information on 82 steel arch bridges in China has been obtained from a website survey and a literature review6), 7). Among them, the main spans and com- Fig. 2 No. 2 Panzhihua Bridge. 215 343MPa, carbon content: 0.16%, low alloy) to build steel type for bridge) and the Q370q types, and more the Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge in the 1970s. and more bridges use the Q420q steel. There is a However, this kind of steel showed quick degrada- tendency to use high-performance steel. Therefore, tion in strength and ductility with an increase in more and more steel bridges have been constructed thickness. A new type of steel, 15MnVNi (yield in the last three decades of large-scale infrastructure stress: 420MPa, carbon content: 0.15%, main alloy: construction. Steel arch bridges are becoming more manganese, vanadium and nickel) was developed popular even after many long-span steel cable-stayed and used in the Baihe Bridge in 1976. But poor bridges and steel suspension bridges have been built. weldability prevented it from further use except in In the decade after 2000, 66 bridges were built, the Jiujiang Bridge in 1992. It was really embar- which accounted for 86.8% of the total. Most rassing that no steel other than the 16Mn could be long-span bridges were built in this period, 60 used in bridge engineering at that time11). bridges with main spans of 100m or longer, the av- Very few steel highway bridges had been built erage main span being 216m.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download Article (PDF)
    Advances in Engineering Research (AER), volume 132 2017 Global Conference on Mechanics and Civil Engineering (GCMCE 2017) Virtual Assembly Technology on Steel Bridge Members of Bolt Connection Zhu Hao CCCC Second Harbors Engineering Co., Ltd., Wuhan, Hubei 430040, China CCCC Highway Bridges National Engineering Research Centre CO., Ltd. [email protected] Keywords: steel bridge members; virtual assembly; steel truss girder; bolted connection; digital measure Abstract: Trial assembling is an indispensable procedure for the large bridge steel elements, especially for the high strength blot connected steel elements. To replace the traditional assembling method inside the factory, this paper brings out the virtual assembling procedures and method based on the bolt connected bridge, and introduces the typical data measuring method and model establishing, which can be used for complicated elements multi-surface assembling of the steel truss bridge calculation. This technique has already been tested in Hutong Yangtze River Bridge non-navigation span steel structure factory by the means of advanced laser tracking test system. The virtual trial assembling software realized the complicated steel truss girder manufacturing deviation analysis and assembling deviation analysis. After perfecting, the bridge trial assembling inside the factory can be replaced by this method. 1. Introduction In recent years, truss bridge has become common in railway bridges and highway and railway combined bridges. With the development of high-speed rail for the past few years, the long-span steel truss bridge has also developed rapidly, such as: Wuhan Tianxingzhou Yangtze River Bridge, Wuhu Yangtze River Bridge, Chongqing Chaotianmen Bridge and Baling River Bridge. The main girder structure of these bridges all adopted truss structure as they all have large quantity of member bars installed and complicated bolting or welding joints.
    [Show full text]
  • China Megastructures: Learning by Experience
    AC 2009-131: CHINA MEGASTRUCTURES: LEARNING BY EXPERIENCE Richard Balling, Brigham Young University Page 14.320.1 Page © American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 CHINA MEGA-STRUCTURES: LEARNING BY EXPERIENCE Abstract A study abroad program for senior and graduate civil engineering students is described. The program provides an opportunity for students to learn by experience. The program includes a two-week trip to China to study mega-structures such as skyscrapers, bridges, and complexes (stadiums, airports, etc). The program objectives and the methods for achieving those objectives are described. The relationships between the program objectives and the college educational emphases and the ABET outcomes are also presented. Student comments are included from the first offering of the program in 2008. Introduction This paper summarizes the development of a study abroad program to China where civil engineering students learn by experience. Consider some of the benefits of learning by experience. Experiential learning increases retention, creates passion, and develops perspective. Some things can only be learned by experience. Once, while the author was lecturing his teenage son for a foolish misdeed, his son interrupted him with a surprisingly profound statement, "Dad, leave me alone....sometimes you just got to be young and stupid before you can be old and wise". As parents, it's difficult to patiently let our children learn by experience. The author traveled to China for the first time in 2007. He was blindsided by the rapid pace of change in that country, and by the remarkable new mega-structures. More than half of the world's tallest skyscrapers, longest bridges, and biggest complexes (stadiums, airports, etc) are in China, and most of these have been constructed in the past decade.
    [Show full text]
  • China 2025 16
    China | Equity Strategy China 14 December 2014 EQUITY RESEARCH China The Year of the Ram: Stars Aligned for a Historic Bull Run Key Takeaway The Ram, the Bull and the Heavenly Twins – the stars are now aligned for China’s historic bull-run. China's stock market offers massive untapped potential given the high savings rate and low penetration. “Keeping Growth Steady” is a top priority for 2015; we expect SHCOMP and HSCEI to test 4,050 and 15,420, up 38% and 37% from current levels. As confidence gains momentum, volatility becomes the investors’ best friend. CHINA China Gallops into a Historic Bull Run. On Nov 20, 2013, we wrote “The Year of the Horse will see China unleash its full potential, as President Xi ushers in a new era of profound change.” “We expect capital markets to gradually gain confidence in China’s ability to drive fundamental reforms and expect Chinese stocks to enter a historic multi-year bull run.” Indeed, 2014 has been a remarkable year. As of Dec.12, SHCOMP surged 39% to 2938, breaking a seven-year bearish trend to become the best performing index in the world. China Stock Market: Massive Untapped Potential. According to China Household Finance Survey, property accounted for 66.4% of total Chinese household assets in 2013. Financial assets accounted for a mere 10.1% of household wealth. While over 61% of Chinese families have bank deposits, only 6.5% of them invested in the stock market. Given China’s high savings rate and low stock market penetration, we believe the A-share market offers significant upside potential.
    [Show full text]
  • The Rise of China's Supercities: New Era of Urbanization
    M BLUEPAPER October 10, 2019 08:00 PM GMT China The Rise of China's Supercities: New Era of Urbanization e believe Urbanization 2.0 will fuel productivity growth, allowing China to attain high-income status. By 2030 we expect the average size of the country's five Wsupercities to reach 120mn, an 8.5x increase in commuter rail length, and a tripling of the IoT and data market to almost US$1trn. Morgan Stanley does and seeks to do business with companies covered in Morgan Stanley Research. As a result, investors should be aware that the firm may have a conflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of Morgan Stanley Research. Investors should consider Morgan Stanley Research as only a single factor in making their investment decision. For analyst certification and other important disclosures, refer to the Disclosure Section, located at the end of this report. += Analysts employed by non-U.S. affiliates are not registered with FINRA, may not be associated persons of the member and may not be subject to NASD/NYSE restrictions on communications with a subject company, public appearances and trading securities held by a research analyst account. M BLUEPAPER Contributors MORGAN STANLEY ASIA LIMITED+ MORGAN STANLEY ASIA LIMITED+ MORGAN STANLEY ASIA LIMITED+ Robin Xing Gary Yu Jenny Zheng, CFA Economist Equity Analyst Economist +852 2848-6511 +852 2848-6918 +852 3963-4015 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] MORGAN STANLEY ASIA LIMITED+ MORGAN STANLEY ASIA LIMITED+ MORGAN STANLEY TAIWAN
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Bridge Is a Structure
    CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Bridge is a structure that is built over a railway, river, or road so that people or vehicles can cross from one side to the other. Another definition of the bridge is a structure built to span physical obstacles without closing the way underneath such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. A bridge is included in an important component of the road because it determines the maximum load of vehicles that can pass through the road [1]. The history of the bridge has been very long along with the occurrence of transportation between humans with other humans and with the environment around, various - kinds of shapes and construction materials used to change in accordance with the progress of the era and technology ranging from the construction of a very simple bridge to use construction that can be spelled out very great. The first bridge was made using wood tied to cross the river. The use of reeds or other fibers knitted together can bind the materials used to build the bridge at first [1]. The bridge is the most important part in the transportation of land and sea. Generally bridges are used for connecting roads across rivers, hills, mountains, connections between road access (intersections not intersect), or inter island links. Sometimes appropriate technical analysis and needs in the field required a bridge with a long stretch. User convenience factor is one of the important variables in determining type and model of long span bridge [2].
    [Show full text]
  • China's Major Bridges Summary 1. Background
    China’s Major Bridges Maorun FENG Maorun Feng, born in 1942, graduated from the Tangshan Professor Railway Institute with a Master’s Chairman of Technical degree, has been engaged in the Consultative Committee, design and research of bridges for 40 Ministry of years. He is the Chairman of Technical Consultative Committee Communications and the Former Chief Engineer of the Beijing, China State Ministry of Communications. He is also the current Chairman of China Association of Highway and Waterway Engineering Consultants. [email protected] . Summary In response to continuous economic development over the past 30 years, China has mobilized a program of large scale bridge construction. The technology of various types of bridges, including girder bridges, arch bridges, and cable-supported bridges, has been developed rapidly. Bridge spanning capacity has been continuously improved. Girder bridges with main span of 330 m, arch bridges with main span of 550 m, cable-stayed bridges with main span of 1088 m and suspension bridges with main span of 1650 m have already been built. Moreover, two sea-crossing bridges with overall length over 30 km have also been opened to traffic. This paper briefly introduces China’s major bridges, including girder bridges with spans greater than 200 m, arch bridges with spans greater than 400 m, cable-stayed bridges with spans greater than 600 m, and suspension bridges with spans greater than 1200 m. These bridges represent technological progress in such aspects as structural system, materials, as well as construction methods and equipment. Key words: girder bridge, arch bridge, cable-supported bridge, cable-stayed bridge, suspension bridge, steel-concrete composite bridge 1.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2016/17 10-Year Financial Summary
    HOPEWELL HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED HOPEWELL HIGHWAY Stock Codes: 737 (HKD counter) & 80737 (RMB counter) ANNUAL 2016/17 REPORT Room 63-02, 63rd Floor Hopewell Centre 183 Queen’s Road East A Wan Chai, Hong Kong N N Tel: (852) 2528 4975 U A Fax: (852) 2861 0177 L REPORT www.hopewellhighway.com 2 0 1 6 / 1 7 Hopewell Highway Infrastructure Limited (“HHI”) (stock codes: 737 (HKD counter) and 80737 (RMB counter)), listed on the Stock Exchange since August 2003, builds and operates strategic expressway infrastructure in Guangdong Province. With the strong support and well established experience of its listed parent, Hopewell Holdings Limited (stock code: 54), HHI focuses on the initiation, promotion, development, investment and operation of toll expressways and bridges, particularly in the thriving Pearl River Delta region. Contents 2 Financial Highlights (Presented under Proportionate Consolidation Method) 3 10-Year Financial Summary 6 Chairman’s Statement 11 Profile of Directors 19 Management Discussion and Analysis 19 Business Review 34 Financial Review 45 Others 46 Sustainability Report 72 Corporate Governance Report 91 Report of the Directors 101 Independent Auditor’s Report 107 Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income 108 Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 109 Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 111 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 113 Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements 159 Appendix – Consolidated Financial Information (Prepared under Proportionate Consolidation Method)
    [Show full text]
  • Interim Report
    HOPEWELL HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED INFRASTRUCTURE HOPEWELL HIGHWAY 2014/15 Interim Report Interim Report 2014/15 Report Interim Hopewell Highway Infrastructure Limited (“HHI”) (stock codes: 737 (HKD counter) and 80737 (RMB counter)), listed on the Stock Exchange since August 2003, builds and operates strategic expressway infrastructure in Guangdong Province. With the strong support and well established experience of its listed parent, Hopewell Holdings Limited (stock code: 54), HHI focuses on the initiation, promotion, development, investment and operation of toll expressways and bridges, particularly in the thriving Pearl River Delta region. Contents Group Results 2 Dividend 7 Business Review 8 Financial Review 29 Corporate Sustainability 38 Other Information 40 Report on Review of Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 48 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss 49 and Other Comprehensive Income Condensed Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 50 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity 51 Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows 53 Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements 54 Appendix — Condensed Consolidated Financial Information 64 (Prepared Under Proportionate Consolidation Method) 10-Year Financial Summary 67 Corporate Information and Key Dates 70 Glossary 71 Group Results The Board is pleased to announce that the Group’s unaudited interim results for the six months ended 31 December 2014 presented in RMB were as follows: Six months ended 31 December 2013 2014 Net toll
    [Show full text]
  • China Propertiesproperties
    ChinaChina PropertiesProperties NovemberNovember 28,28, 20072007 Disclaimer Wheelock (Stock code: 20) & Wharf (Stock code: 4) Group Presentation Disclaimer All information and data are provided for information purposes only. All opinions included herein constitute Wheelock and Wharf’s judgment as of the date hereof and are subject to change without notice. The Group, its subsidiaries and affiliates hereby disclaim (i) all express, implied, and statutory warranties of any kind to user and/or any third party including warranties as to accuracy, timeliness, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose; and (ii) any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the information and data contained herein. China Properties 2 Presentation Outline Introduction Flagship Projects - Shanghai Wheelock Square, Shanghai - Wuxi Super Tower, Wuxi - Suzhou Super Tower, Suzhou - Hongxing Lu, Chengdu 。IFC 。IFC Tiandi Residential Projects China Properties - Wholly-owned -J/V Outlook 3 China Macro Economic Environment Government revenue rose by 30% Vs last year Foreign exchange reserves ~ US$1,400B at Q3 2007 Low foreign debts ~ about 12% of GDP as at end of 2006 Inflation rate ~ 4.4% (Jan – Oct 2007) China Properties 4 Market Outlook China Property Market Robust economic growth and steady wealth creation process with increasing domestic demand in housing in China → continue to benefit its real estate developments Robust economic growth – 8-9% GDP growth p.a. and even higher in certain cities (11% in 2007) Growth in private enterprise formation ~ over 16% for 2006, ie. about 5 million private enterprises in mainland now (for 10-year up to 2005, the annual growth rate was about 30%!) Growth in automobile sales ~ over 20% p.a.
    [Show full text]
  • Architecture Research on Transport Information Services of EXPO 2010 Shanghai China
    Architecture Research On Transport Information Services of EXPO 2010 Shanghai China Better City, Better Life! Better Transport, Better EXPO 2010! Xue Meigen Associate superintendent of Shanghai City Comprehensive Transportation Planning Institute (SCCTPI) Brief Information on World EXPO 2010 Shanghai China The area for EXPO 2010 Shanghai China is within the inner-city, which is located at Nanpu Bridge–Lupu Bridge region along both sides of the Huangpu River. The planning area within the site boundary covers both Puxi and Pudong areas ,up to 6.68 sq km. The duration of World EXPO 2010 is 184 days. Summary 第一部分 第二部分1. Demand characteristics of transport related to EXPO 2010 Shanghai China 第三部分 3. Overview of transport information service 第四部分 system of EXPO 2010 Shanghai China 第五部分 5. Brief information on EXPO 2010 transport 第六部分 information application service system 第七部分 第八部分 1.Demand characteristics of transport related to EXPO 2010 Shanghai China Scale of visits Impact on urban transport The EXPO Visitors from Park outside Shanghai Visitors from Shanghai Visitors from outside Shanghai Urban transport means Vehicles from outside Shanghai （ 1 ） Scale of visits to EXPO 2010 Comparison of EXPO historical data 8000 7000 6421 6000 5000 on ers 4000 p 00 2171 2205 0,0 1 2000 1416 0 Montreal Osaka Lisbon Hannover Aichi Shanghai It is estimated that a total of 70~80 million visits to EXPO 2010 will set a record. 400,000 visits per day on average, 600,000 visits on a peak day, and the maximum of 800,000 visits on an extremely peak day. Slightly
    [Show full text]
  • 'Competition Is Going to Be Very Keen'
    MONEY LAUNDERING FOSUN CHAIRMAN CUSTOMS , CASES UP REAPPEARS MARINE The Financial Intelligence Guo Guangchang spoke at OFFICIALS Office found 910 cases of Fosun’s previously scheduled FACE GRAFT suspected money laundering annual meeting, according to ACCUSATIONS transactions Chinese newspapers P5 P6 P10 TUE.15 Dec 2015 T. 15º/ 19º C H. 65/ 85% Blackberry email service powered by CTM MOP 5.00 2459 N.º HKD 7.50 FOUNDER & PUBLISHER Kowie Geldenhuys EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Paulo Coutinho “ THE TIMES THEY ARE A-CHANGIN’ ” WORLD BRIEFS WILFRED WONG EXCLUSIVE CHINA The reprieved death sentence of former CONRAD FORBES railways minister Liu Zhijun was commuted yesterday to life in prison by the Beijing Higher ‘Competition People’s Court. The Second Intermediate People’s Court of Beijing sentenced Liu to death with a two-year reprieve is going in July 2013 for bribery and abuse of power. Liu has been incarcerated in Qincheng Prison since August 2013. The penitentiary last to be very month proposed that his sentence be commuted to life in prison for good behavior during the two- year period. keen’ CHINA-SWITZERLAND Paulo Coutinho national Film Festival of Hong The World Intellectual Kong, and Chairman of the Property Organization HE St Regis Hotel is Asian Film Awards Academy. says China cranked out opening without a casi- “So of all the components in P5 patent applications at no this week in Cotai and the industry, the gaming part a record pace last year. Sheldon Adelson will be is the only part in which I have Its total of just under Tcoming to town for the occasion.
    [Show full text]
  • APSS2010, 2 Aug., Tokyo Limin Sun, Tongji Univ. 1
    APSS2010, 2 Aug., Tokyo Contents • Chinese bridges –Historic bridges –Modern bridges Chinese Bridges and Health Monitoring Systems • Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems –SHM for bridge in China Limin Sun –Case study –SHM for Donghai Bridge – Department of Bridge Engineering, Performance diagnosis – Tongji University, Shanghai, China Consideration on design of SHM system Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 1 Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 2 Chinese historic bridges Chinese historic bridges Pingan Bridge (BC1152), Fujian Step Bridge, Zhejiang Zhaozhou Bridge (BC605), Hebei Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 3 Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 4 Chinese historic bridges (cont.) Chinese historic bridges (cont.) Hong Bridge, Henan Lounge Bridge, Zhejiang Luding Bridge (BC1702), Sichuan Chengyang Bridge (BC1924), Guangxi Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 5 Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 6 Limin Sun, Tongji Univ. 1 APSS2010, 2 Aug., Tokyo Chinese historic bridges (cont.) Summary（1） • Bridge structural types –girder, arch, suspension, cable-stayed • Materials –timber, stone, iron & steel, concrete, CFRP? Qiantang River Bridge (BC1937), Zhejiang • Durability –stone > wood >? iron & steel, concrete Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge (BC1957), Hubei Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 7 Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 8 Chinese modern bridges Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 9 Limin Sun, Tongji.Univ., China APSS2010 10 Major cable-stayed bridges completed or under construction in China continue （L≥400m） Main Yr.of Main Yr.of NO. Pictures Name Location Type NO. Pictures Name Location Type Span/m Completion Span/m Completion Steel‐ 2nd Chongqing Concrete concrete 6 Bridge over Yangtze Chongqing 444 1996 1 Nanpu Bridge Shanghai 423 1991 Beam Composed River Beam Yunyang Bridge Hubei Concrete 2 414 1993 7 Xupu Bridge Shanghai 1996 1996 Hybrid Beam over Han River Prov.
    [Show full text]