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An Evaluation of the Definition of Exhaustive Foreknowledge in the Writings of Richard Rice

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An Evaluation of the Definition of Exhaustive Foreknowledge in the Writings of Richard Rice Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Master's Theses Graduate Research 2017 An Evaluation Of The Definition Of Exhaustive Foreknowledge In The Writings Of Richard Rice Dennis E. Akawobsa Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses Part of the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Akawobsa, Dennis E., "An Evaluation Of The Definition Of Exhaustive Foreknowledge In The Writings Of Richard Rice" (2017). Master's Theses. 117. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/theses/117 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ABSTRACT AN EVALUATION OF THE DEFINITION OF EXHAUSTIVE FOREKNOWLEDGE IN THE WRITINGS OF RICHARD RICE by Dennis E. Akawobsa Adviser: Martin F. Hanna ABSTRACT OF GRADUATE STUDENT RESEARCH Thesis Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Title: AN EVALUATION OF THE DEFINITION OF EXHAUSTIVE FOREKNOWLEDGE IN THE WRITINGS OF RICHARD RICE Name of researcher: Dennis E. Akawobsa Name and degree of faculty adviser: Martin F. Hanna, Ph.D. Date completed: November 2017 Problem This thesis addresses the conflict of interpretation between Richard Rice’s model of God’s exhaustive knowledge of the future as a realm of possibilities and the generally accepted traditional model of God’s exhaustive definite knowledge of the future. In harmony with the traditional perspective, Richard Rice has affirmed God’s exhaustive knowledge of the past and the present. However, in contrast to the traditional perspective, he has denied God’s exhaustive definite foreknowledge of future free choices. According to Rice, God can know everything there is to know. This implies that, on one hand, the future does not yet exist, so God does not know it. On the other hand, the future that God knows is partly composed of possibilities and partly determined by God. Moreover, Rice cites as evidence several passages of Scripture that describe God as regretting, repenting, and changing His mind. Such passages suggest to Rice that God does not have exhaustive definite foreknowledge of the future. The question is: Should God’s emotional regret ?be interpreted to imply lack of exhaustive definite foreknowledge (נחם) Methodology Chapter 1 introduces the background, problem, purpose, significance, delimitation, and research methodology of the study. Chapter 2 briefly surveys Rice’s theological background, education, and professional development, and the theological scope of his writings. Chapter 3 presents a descriptive analysis of Rice’s view of God’s exhaustive foreknowledge of the future. Chapter 4 evaluates Rice’s view of exhaustive foreknowledge and divine emotions and how these emotions should be interpreted. This relent, repent, or regret) in selected biblical texts used by Rice as) נחם involves a study of a means to evaluate his conflict with the traditional interpretation. Chapter 5 summarizes the findings and conclusions of the study. Conclusion Rice’s interpretation of God’s emotional regretting, repenting, or changing His creates an apparent tension between God’s exhaustive definite foreknowledge (נחם) mind and human freedom. Rice asks, if God knows the future definitely, why does He seem to be emotionally surprised by free-will decisions? The problem exists because Rice chooses one possible analogical interpretation of biblical statements on God’s emotions, correctly avoiding the univocal and equivocal interpretations of divine emotions. However, Rice denies God’s exhaustive definite foreknowledge of future free choices because he aims to affirm the biblical teaching of human freedom. In contrast, this study there is another way of ,נחם proposes that within the spectrum of analogical approaches to understanding exhaustive definite foreknowledge of future free choices that can allow space for human freedom. This alternative, might be a satisfactory biblical response to the apparent tension between divine foreknowledge and human freedom. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary AN EVALUATION OF THE DEFINITION OF EXHAUSTIVE FOREKNOWLEDGE IN THE WRITINGS OF RICHARD RICE A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts by Dennis E. Akawobsa 2017 © Copyright by Dennis E. Akawobsa 2017 All Rights Reserved AN EVALUATION OF THE DEFINITION OF EXHAUSTIVE FOREKNOWLEDGE IN THE WRITINGS OF RICHARD RICE A thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts by Dennis E. Akawobsa APPROVAL BY THE COMMITTEE: _________________________________ Martin F. Hanna, Ph.D., Adviser _________________________________ John C. Peckham, Ph.D. _________________________________ ______________________________ Felix Cortez, Ph.D. Date Approved TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 Background ............................................................................................ 3 Statement of Problem ............................................................................. 12 Purpose ................................................................................................... 12 Significance ............................................................................................ 12 Scope and Delimitation .......................................................................... 13 Research Methodology ........................................................................... 14 2. THOMAS RICHARD RICE: THE THEOLOGIAN .................................... 16 Introduction ............................................................................................ 16 Education ................................................................................................ 17 Professional Background ........................................................................ 17 The Influence of the Study of Process Theology ................................... 19 Rice’s Methodology ............................................................................... 27 Summary ................................................................................................ 38 3. RICHARD RICE’S MODEL OF EXHAUSTIVE FOREKNOWLEDGE: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS ............................... 40 Introduction ............................................................................................ 40 Foreknowledge and Divine Emotions .................................................... 40 God Loves ....................................................................................... 42 God Regrets ..................................................................................... 48 God Risks ........................................................................................ 50 God Is Frustrated ............................................................................. 53 Foreknowledge and Prophecy ................................................................ 54 Predictive Prophecies ...................................................................... 55 Conditional Prophecies ................................................................... 58 Jonah ............................................................................................... 59 Cyrus ............................................................................................... 60 The Definition of Exhaustive Foreknowledge ....................................... 62 Knowledge of Possibilities .............................................................. 62 Knowledge of Certainties ................................................................ 66 Exhaustive Knowledge.................................................................... 69 Summary and Conclusion ...................................................................... 75 iii 4. EVALUATION OF EXHAUSTIVE FOREKNOWLEDGE IN THE MODEL OF RICHARD RICE ...................................................................... 78 Introduction ............................................................................................ 78 Divine Emotions and Foreknowledge .................................................... 79 Divine Regret .................................................................................. 80 Foreknowledge and Prophecies .............................................................. 98 Conditional Prophecy ...................................................................... 98 Conclusion ...................................................................................... 102 The Definition of Exhaustive Foreknowledge ....................................... 102 Exhaustive Knowledge.................................................................... 103 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ............................................................ 106 Summary ................................................................................................ 106 Conclusions ............................................................................................ 107 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................ 110 iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Divine foreknowledge
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