Israel Jacobson Network

Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History

Aims and Projects “It was our belief German that German and Jewish spirits and Jewish would encounter each other

onSpirits German soil become a and through their symbiosis

blessingbecome a blessing.”

Leo Baeck, 1945 Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History

Our Aims

The Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History (IJN), Israel Ja- cobson Netzwerk für jüdische Kultur und Geschichte e.V. in German, fosters lasting awareness for topics, authentic places and artifacts of Jewish culture in history and contemporary times as an aspect of cultural identity in the Harz Mountains and Heath Region and beyond. Our work seeks to strength- en the unique character of the “Region of the Enlightenment” and our net- work has the capacity to contribute to regional discovery of an inward and outward identity. Moreover, Jewish culture is a significant topic for the ques- tion of living in a pluralistic society: Tolerance, cultural and religious diversi- ty, but also modes for dealing with exclusion and persecution of minorities

Not on the picture: Dr. Heike Pöppelmann and PD Dr. phil. habil. Cord-Friedrich Berghahn

Board of the IJN: G. Döpkens, E. Homann, Dr. J. Munzel, R. Wagner-Redding, Prof. Dr. A. von Kienlin, A. Memmert (from left to right); missing: Dr. H. Pöppelmann and apl. Prof. Dr. C.-F. Berghahn

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are not only important from a historical perspective but also equally rele- vant as contemporary issues today.

In April 2016, the Israel Jacobson Network was established as a registered, nonprofit association. Regional institutions, scientific and cultural organiza- tions, as well as interested private individuals from the districts and cities of Braunschweig, Wolfsburg, Salzgitter, Gifhorn, Goslar, Helmstedt, Peine and Wolfenbüttel, are actively involved in the research and transfer of knowledge of the rich Jewish culture and history in the past and present. In its work, the network cooperates with German and international partners, in particular from the United States and from Israel. The unique combination of science and research, documentation, presentation and educational activity in the Israel Jacobson Network represents an opportunity to showcase the region as an exemplary place for the Jewish Enlightenment and crossroads of Ger- man-Jewish culture in the modern era at the regional and international level.

The President of the IJN The Vice-President of the IJN Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander von Kienlin Erik Homann

Head of the Institute for Building History Mayor of the town of Seesen, the city of at the TU Braunschweig; Director of the the first Reform synagogue and of the Bet Tfila – Research Unit for Jewish Archi- first Jewish Reformschule, founded by tecture in Europe Israel Jacobson.

3 The Name Giver: Israel Jacobson (1768–1828)

Israel Jacobson, born in the German town of Halberstadt, was active in Braunschweig as a rabbi and a banker. In 1801, as a dedicated proponent of the Jewish Enlightenment, he founded an early Judeo-Christian Reform- schule using the concept of progressive education in Seesen, which at the time belonged to the city of Braunschweig. This Jacobson School quickly became one of the most significant places of enlightened Jewish education and accepted Jewish and non-Jewish pupils. This made it a pioneer and a practical example in terms of the legal and social equality of the Jewish pop- ulation.

Yet Jacobson was also a trailblazer in the Jewish Reform movement: In the courtyard of his Seesen school, he had the Jacob’s Temple built, the first synagogue structure in which Jewish religious services were celebrated according to reformed rituals. The Jacobson School and its Jacob’s Temple were beacons for essential signals of an awakening of the Jewish communi- ty from traditional practice into the modern era. To this day, countless Jew- ish communities throughout the world are a part of the Reform movement initiated in Seesen.

I. Jacobson Seesen, Jacob´s Temple

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Jewish History and Culture in the Region

In the past and into the present, the region has a rich Jewish culture and his- tory, and a broad landscape of cultural and research institutions dedicated to its study and transfer of knowledge.

Back in the Middle Ages, there were significant Jewish communities in the cities between the Harz Mountains and the Heath Region which perished in the pogroms of the late Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age. Since the 18th century, the region has again been of great significance to the history of German-Jewish culture. Fascinating places, ensembles and artifacts are a testimony of this today.

The Braunschweig court factor Alexander David (1687–1765) was consid- ered one of the most important court Jews of the German Reich and is re- garded as the founder of the Braunschweig Jewish Community. His Judaica collection was one of the first to be made available to the public. Thus,

Alexander David Peine, Synagogue

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he founded the tradition of exhibiting Jewish artifacts, upheld to this day by the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum (a history museum operated by the Federal State of Lower Saxony), in whose collections parts of the David collection are preserved.

An additional significant artifact of Jewish culture from the 18th century is preserved in the Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum. On exhibit in the Jewish branch of the museum, which is located at the Hinter Aegidien ad- dress in Braunschweig, is one of Germany’s few remaining, largely intact, interiors from a synagogue dating back to 1766. The synagogue interior and important architectural elements were already brought to the museum from the village of Hornburg in the 1920s. In this light, the interior from the Hornburg synagogue is a unique testimony to the religious and cultural life of a Northern German rural Jewish community.

Braunschweig, Synagogue Braunschweig, Hornburg Synagogue Interior

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From Lessing and Mendelssohn to Israel Jacobson

In Wolfenbüttel, the former residence city of the Duchy of Braunschweig, the enlightened author and librarian at the Herzog August Library, Gotthold Ephraim Lessing (1729–81), met his friend, the Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (1729–86) in Lessing’s residence, the current Lessing House. Lessing created a monument to the founder of the Jewish Enlightenment in his drama “Nathan the Wise” in the character of Nathan. Lessing wrote this work, a seminal treatise of enlightened tolerance, in his study at Lessing House, which today is open to public visitors.

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing Moses Mendelssohn

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The Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment, had one of its centers in the Duchy of Braunschweig in the 19th century. It is inextricably linked to the life and work of Israel Jacobson, reformer and proponent of the Jewish Enlighten- ment. His Reformschule and the Jacob’s Temple in Seesen were as equally crucial to the establishment of the Jewish bourgeoisie as his commitment to the legal equality of both Jewish men and women. That is how the region also became a “model region” of Jewish integration into bourgeois society, which, given today’s political and social challenges with respect to accep- tance and assimilation, remains highly topical.

Wolfenbüttel, Herzog August Library Wolfenbüttel, Sculpture of Nathan

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Jewish Education, Jewish Commitment

With the establishment of the Samson School in Wolfenbüttel in 1786/1796, the region was also home to another well-known educational institution in the Jewish world at that time. On the teaching faculty there was Leo- pold Zunz (1794–1886), one of the founders of academic Jewish Studies, and Samuel Spier (1838–1903), one of the founding fathers of the Social Democratic Party of Germany. The remarkable schoolhouse has remained preserved in Wolfenbüttel to this day.

In the 19th century, Jewish members of society often successfully strove to become part of the Middle Class. Industrialists like Braunschweig’s Max Jüdel, founder of the Eisenbahn-Signal-Bauanstalt (today Siemens), made an extraordinary contribution to the economic development of the re- gion. Yet, according to the Jewish tradition, they were also active as pa- trons and benefactors – not only for the Jewish community, but for all of society. Also emerging from the bourgeois Jewish milieu in Braunschweig

Wolfenbüttel, New Samson School Detail

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was the painter and art dealer Galka Scheyer (1889–1945), who played a prominent role in the development of international modern art in the first half of the 20th century.

A Jewish entrepreneur’s foundation is also responsible for two other sites of Jewish cultural history that are well known both throughout the region and further afield: the agricultural vocational institutions of the Simon Founda- tion in Steinhorst (Gifhorn district) and Peine, founded in 1909 and 1912. It was there that young Jewish men and women were provided with training in agriculture and in horticulture, in order to integrate them more success- fully in society. The architect of both institutions, preserved as buildings today, was Heinrich Tessenow (1876–1950), one of the pioneers of modern architecture.

Steinhorst, Agricultural School Max Jüdel Galka Scheyer

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Authentic Places of Jewish Life in the Region

In the region there were numerous Jewish places of worship – from the ear- ly “courtyard synagogues” to the magnificent synagogues from the phase of civil integration, in which there was even a private “holiday synagogue” in Bad Harzburg for Jewish spa guests. Jewish schools, community centers and other institutions of social life were operated in many places, often with a renown reaching far beyond the region. In numerous places in the region, Jewish cemeteries are a testimony to German-Jewish history. Their tomb- stones are artistic, cultural, and historical artifacts of utmost significance. The mourning hall at the cemetery on Helmstedter Strasse in Braun­schweig is among the best preserved structures of this type in Lower Saxony. Also located there is the grave of the graphic artist Ephraim Moses Lilien (1874– 1925), whose works are considered among the core elements of Jewish Zi- onist art of the turn of the early 20th century. Lilien played a leading role in building up education in art and design in Palestine and therefore gained worldwide renown.

Wolfenbüttel, Old Samson School Braunschweig, Mourning Hall

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Numerous places of persecution and annihilation under the banner of Na- tional Socialism can also be found in the region. In many ways, they keep alive the memory of the crimes, the victims, and the perpetrators. The spec- trum of the culture of commemoration in the region ranges from monu- ments at sites of destroyed synagogues and “Stolpersteine” or information placards for Jewish citizens, right down to educational research in museums set up in concentration camp memorial sites.

Salzgitter, Memorial Braunschweig, Memorial

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While the largest synagogues went up in flames during the “Kristallnacht” of 1938 or were demolished, numerous other buildings with a Jewish con- text remain. They are the anchor points of an approach which relies on the premise that it is much better to explore Jewish culture and history “in the neighborhood” than in a distant, abstract memorial site. Despite many changes, these authentic places are still recognizable and legible as traces of German-Jewish history. The Jewish community in Braunschweig is the only one in the region that still today invokes the tradition of its historical site: Although a World War II bunker was built on the site of its synagogue, the old community center today once again forms the center of the Jewish community re-established in Braunschweig after 1945. A new synagogue in the courtyard is a sign of the diverse religious and cultural life of Jews in the region today.

Braunschweig, Community Center Braunschweig, New Synagogue

13 Region of Enlightenment and Tolerance

In our region, which can be regarded as a “model region” of German-Jewish culture and history since the Age of Enlightenment, many other authentic places, fascinating topics and remarkable personalities of German-Jewish culture and history can be found. Some of them are still waiting to be re- discovered, reviewed and adequately presented to a broad public. In jointly building up a knowledge resource, a “knowledge base” on this topic, the stakeholders in the Israel Jacobson Network see another important domain of their work, underscoring the significance of Braunschweig as a city of science and also as a regional center of research in this field.

Wolfenbüttel, House of Lessing

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The Network in the Region

Since the spring of 2015, some thirty institutions and cultural organizations in the cities and districts of Braunschweig, Wolfsburg, Salzgitter, Gifhorn, Goslar, Helmstedt, Peine and Wolfenbüttel have been involved in building up the Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History (IJN).

The Israel Jacobson Network sees itself as a forum in which the members and additional stakeholders can exchange views on their ongoing projects and also initiate joint projects from their different fields of activity. The- net work serves as a catalyst for topic-related cooperation, taking into account contemporary Jewish life in the region. The network is open for ongoing and temporary partnerships with actors from diverse areas. The members, with their topic-oriented activities, contribute to the network and cooper- ate amongst themselves. Thanks to the cooperation with the Leo Baeck In- stitute in New York and the Bet Tfila – Research Unit for Jewish Architecture in Europe with its partner institution at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the network is poised to gain enormous prominence not only in Germany but also internationally.

One of the operational objectives of the IJN is to build a website to be main- tained over the long term and to fulfill two functions: information and com- munication. It is designed as a “knowledge base”, a portal where knowledge is stored on all aspects of Jewish culture and history in the region, which is kept up to date on research by the initiators of the network. Information about places, objects and people, but also on archives and collections are linked to the site. The website features an updated calendar in which all interested parties from the region may publish their events on topics of Jewish history and contemporary life. In addition, it provides the framework for a presentation of the network partners and offers all users the ability to initiate contact in a direct and straightforward manner.

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Another objective of the IJN initiators is to lead people from the region and far beyond to authentic places of Jewish life. In cooperation with oth- er partners from the region, they will offer relevant tours for individuals and groups (from descendants of emigrated Jews to school classes, through persons with a general cultural interest, right down to student field trips and groups of Jewish communities ...) – of course not without opportuni- ties to see numerous other cultural and scenic highlights of the region. This is associated with the documentation and upgrading of the sites of Jewish culture and their environment. Thus, in connection with existing museums and memorials, some historically significant places like the former Jacobson School in Seesen and the former Simon Foundation (Tessenow House) in Steinhorst will become new destinations and serve a suitable purpose as places for information, joint learning and discussion.

International Partners of the IJN

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Politi cal Support Cooperati on with the German Foreign Ministry in Berlin

“The Israel Jacobson Network is an excellent opportunity to present the whole history and culture of Jews and Germans in authenti c locati ons. It is an initi ati ve ‘from below’, supported by committ ed citi zens from a wide va- riety of diff erent insti tuti ons. For a region in Germany, this is truly unique”, states Ambassador Dr. Felix Klein, the German Federal Foreign Offi ce’s Spe- cial Representati ve for Relati ons to Jewish Organizati ons, in Berlin. “Espe- cially with regard to the rise of new forms of anti -Semiti sm that we are ex- periencing today, this project is perfectly aligned with the politi cal agenda of the Federal Government to promote Jewish life in Germany and Europe. This is why the project will have the politi cal support of the Federal Foreign Offi ce.”

On April 27, 2016, Dr. Felix Klein visited the region in order to gain a personal impression of the network’s acti viti es. He fi rst saw the Place of Remem- brance of Forced Labor in the Volkswagen Factory, guided by Dr. Manfred Grieger, Head of Historical Communicati ons at Volkswagen. Aft erwards, he exchanged ideas on the importance and prospects of the Israel Jacob- son Network in the scope of the Federal Government’s policies with Ulrich Markurth, Mayor of Braunschweig.

Wolfsburg, Volkswagen Factory Braunschweig, Town Hall

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Publicati ons

Jüdische Orte zwischen Harz und Heide. Eine Informati onskarte/Jewish Sites between the Harz Mountains and the Heath Region. An informa-

ti on map

Unterstützung der: der: Unterstützung Published by the Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History,

Mit freundlicher freundlicher Mit Jüdische Kultur und Geschichte zwischen Harz und Heide 01 Steinhorst: ehem. Wohnheim des Land- und Lehrgutes der Simon’schen Stiftung, heute Haus der Gemeinde Faszinierende Stätten, Ensembles und Objekte zeugen bis heute Braunschweig, July 2016 („Tessenow-Haus“) von einer reichen jüdischen Kultur und Geschichte in der Region 02 Groß Oesingen: Grabstein für Julius Katz auf dem zwischen Harz und Heide. Städte wie Wolfenbüttel, Seesen und christlichen Friedhof Braunschweig genießen wegen ihrer herausragenden Rolle für die jüdische Aufklärung im 18. und 19. Jh. eine große Bedeutung 03 Wittingen: Wohn- und Geschäftshaus Familie Nathan The IJN publishes a map of the most interesti ng sites of Jewish culture and 04 Wittingen: jüdische Familiengrabstätte auf dem für die allgemeine jüdische Geschichte. In der Region bestanden 03 04 02 wegweisende Einrichtungen und führende Persönlichkeiten leb- evangelischen Friedhof ten hier. Ihre Ideen verbreiteten sich von hier aus über Deutsch- history in the region as a practi cal and free guide. Brief texts provide infor- 05 Gifhorn: Jüdischer Friedhof An der Lehmkuhle

land und Europa in die Welt. Braunschweig 2016 Braunschweig 01 01 06 Gifhorn: Betsaal bei Jakob Jeremias Menke Schon im Mittelalter gab es in den Städten Braunschweig, mati on on synagogues, prayer halls, Jewish cemeteries, schools and social 07 Wolfsburg: Erinnerungsstätte an die Zwangsarbeit auf Goslar, Helmstedt, Wolfenbüttel und Schöningen jüdische Ge- dem Gelände des Volkswagenwerks

meinden. Sie gingen in den Pogromen des Mittelalters und der insti tuti ons of Jewish communiti es, as well as several notable Jewish per- 08 Peine: jüdisches Viertel auf dem Damm

Jonas Karnagel Jonas Gestaltung: Gestaltung: Frühen Neuzeit unter, und erst im 17. Jh. siedelten sich einzel-

02 02 09 Peine: Standort Neue Synagoge PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Ulrich Knufinke Ulrich habil. Dr.-Ing. PD

ne Juden wieder an und wurden zu den Gründern der neuen

und Keßler Katrin Dr.-Ing. Texte und Redaktion: und Texte sonaliti es and where they lived, along with memorials and museums. It en- jüdischen Gemeinden. Einer dieser so genannten Schutzjuden 10 Peine: Jüdischer Friedhof An der Laubenkolonie war Alexander David (1687-1765), Bankier der Braunschweiger 11 Peine: ehem. jüdische Landwirtschaftsschule Herzöge. Seine Sammlung jüdischer Ritualobjekte machte er als courages visitors to take a fresh look at the region and to discover the oft en (Simon’sches Seminar für Gartenbau, Landwirtschaft

eine der der Öffentlichkeit zugänglich. Diese Tradition führt das und Handfertigkeit) [email protected] Braunschweigische Landesmuseum fort, in dessen Sammlung

hidden places of Jewish history. The map can also be accessed through the 12 Peine: Kreismuseum Peine

Ritualobjekte aus dem Besitz Alexander Davids erhalten sind.

Fax 0531 391 8205 391 0531 Fax Das Hauptexponat, die Ausstattung der barocken Hornburger 13 Braunschweig: Jüdischer Friedhof Hamburger Straße

Tel. 0531 391 2526 391 0531 Tel. Synagoge von 1766, wurde in den 1920er Jahren in das Braun- website of the IJN. 14 Braunschweig: Friedhof Helmstedter Straße mit

38106 Braunschweig 38106 schweiger Museum gebracht. Trauerhalle

Pockelsstraße 4 Pockelsstraße 15 Braunschweig: Neue Synagoge mit Gemeindehaus Technische Universität Braunschweig Universität Technische Vor allem in der Zeit der Aufklärung wurde in der Region

deutsch-jüdische Geschichte geschrieben: In Wolfenbüttel tra- 05 16 Braunschweig: Standort Villa Jüdel c/o Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander von Kienlin – Präsident – Kienlin von Alexander Dr.-Ing. Prof. c/o fen sich der Schriftsteller und Bibliothekar Gotthold Ephraim 17 Braunschweig: Eulenspiegel-Brunnen

Lessing (1729-81) und sein Freund, der jüdische Philosoph Mo- für jüdische Kultur und Geschichte e.V. Geschichte und Kultur jüdische für 06 06 18 Braunschweig: Wohnhaus des Grafikers

ses Mendelssohn (1729-86). Lessing setzte Mendelssohn im

Israel Jacobson Netzwerk Netzwerk Jacobson Israel Ephraim Moses Lilien Drama „Nathan der Weise“ mit der Figur des Nathan ein litera-

19 Braunschweig: Gedenkstätte KZ-Außenlager Impressum risches Denkmal. Schillstraße 07 07

20 Braunschweig: Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum

Netzwerk Alte Synagoge, Peine Hinter Aegidien

Jacobson 21 Braunschweig: Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Israel Israel Haupthaus am Burgplatz Wolfsburg 22 Braunschweig: Städtisches Museum Braunschweig im Altstadtrathaus A2 A39 23 Helmstedt: Betsaal Holzberg 22 24 Helmstedt: Jüdischer Friedhof 10 20 12 25 Helmstedt: Juleum mit Kreis- und 08 Universitätsmuseum 09 Peine 13 11 17 A2 26 Helmstedt: Israel Jacobson-Brücke 22 20 27 Wolfenbüttel: Betsaal bei Marcus Gumpel Fulda am 21 Holzmarkt 25 15 16 14 28 Wolfenbüttel: Jüdischer Friedhof Am Jahnstein 08 18 19 Braunschweig 25 26 Magdeburg Die von Mendelssohn angeregte jüdische Aufklärung, die Has- 29 Wolfenbüttel: Alte Synagoge Harzstraße mit kalah, hatte im 19. Jh. eines ihrer Zentren in unserer Region. Das 15 23 24 Samsonschule Wirken des jüdischen Reformers Israel Jacobson (1768-1828) ist 30 Wolfenbüttel: Standort Neue Synagoge damit unmittelbar verknüpft. Seine 1801 in Seesen gegründete Helmstedt Lessingstraßel Israel jüdisch-christliche Reformschule, die Jacobsonschule, und ihre A39 31 Jacobson 31 Wolfenbüttel: Neue Samsonschule 1810 erbaute Synagoge waren wegweisend für die jüdische Re- 30 34 Schöningen Netzwerk formbewegung. Jacobson engagierte sich zudem für die recht- 32 28 35 32 Wolfenbüttel: Herzog August Bibliothek liche Gleichstellung der Juden. Von Seesen gingen damit wich- Salzgitter 29 27 29 33 Wolfenbüttel: Lessinghaus tigen Signale des Aufbruchs der jüdischen Gemeinschaft in die A7 33 38 34 Wolfenbüttel: Gedenkstätte in der Moderne aus. Bis heute berufen sich in der ganzen Welt zahllose Wolfenbüttel Jüdische Orte zwischen 36 Justiz vollzugsanstalt Wolfenbüttel jüdische Gemeinden auf die auch in unserer Region initiierte Re- Harz und Heide formbewegung. 37 35 Schöningen: jüdische Grabstätten auf dem städtischen Friedhof Im 19. Jh. strebten jüdische Bürgerinnen und Bürger oft sehr er- 34 36 Salzgitter-Lebenstedt: folgreich danach, als Teil des Bürgertums anerkannt zu werden. „Ausländerfriedhof Jammertal“ Industrielle wie der Braunschweiger Max Jüdel (1845-1910) leis- 33 40 18 37 Salzgitter-Bad: Friedhof Hinter dem Salze teten Herausragendes für die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der A395 41 Region und waren auch als Stifter und Wohltäter aktiv – nicht 38 Salzgitter-Drütte: Gedenk- und nur für die jüdische Gemeinschaft, sondern für alle Bürgerinnen 39 Dokumentationsstätte KZ Außenlager Drütte und Bürger. 36 39 Hornburg: Jüdischer Friedhof Hagenberg 40 Hornburg: Standort Synagoge und ehem. Im ausgehenden 19. und frühen 20. Jh. konnten die jüdischen Gemeindehaus Gemeinden der Städte Braunschweig, Wolfenbüttel und Peine 41 Hornburg: Denkmal für einen 1870/71 gefallenen neue, repräsentative Synagogen errichten, die den jüdischen An- 40 spruch auf gleichberechtigte Teilhabe an der Gesellschaft spie- jüdischen Soldaten gelten. Sie wurden in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus zerstört. 42 42 Wöltingerode: Israel Jacobsons Kloster Herausgegeben vom An die Verfolgung und Vernichtung im Zeichen des Nationalso- 43 43 Groß Rhüden: ehem. Synagoge Israel Jacobson Netzwerk e.V. zialismus wird in der Region auf vielfältige Weise erinnert. Nach 1945 entfalteten jüdische Überlebende der Konzentrationslager 51 44 Goslar: Jüdischer Friedhof Glockengießerstraße 48 in der Region ein neues religiöses und kulturelles Leben. Von 48 49 45 45 Goslar: Standort Synagoge Bäckerstraße ihnen wurde z.B. die alte Synagoge in Goslar für wenige Jahre 44 46 Bad Harzburg: Standort der Synagoge im Garten des noch einmal für Gottesdienste genutzt. Auch in Braunschweig 50 46 ehemaligen Hotels Parkhaus bildete sich eine neue Gemeinde. Ihr Gemeindehaus und ihre Synagoge sind heute das Zentrum eines vielfältigen jüdischen 47 47 Bad Harzburg: Skulptur „Schalom“ von Gemeindelebens. Peter Moosmann 48 Seesen: Jacobsonschule (ehem. Alumnatsgebäude, UmJacobstempel, die vielen, heute Seesen manchmal vergessenen und oft verborge- heute „Jacobson-Haus“) nen Orte jüdischer Geschichte und Kultur bekannter zu machen, 44 49 Seesen: Standort des Jacobstempels gibt das Israel Jacobson Netzwerk für jüdische Kultur und Ge- 48 schichte diese Karte heraus. 50 Seesen, Jüdischer Friedhof Dehnestraße 51 Seesen: Städtisches Museum 47 A7

Allgemeine Hinweise zur Besichtigung jüdischer Friedhöfe

Für den Besuch jüdischer Friedhöfe gelten einige Regeln, die alle Besuche- rinnen und Besucher einhalten sollten. Männliche Besucher müssen eine Kopfbedeckung tragen; das Betreten von Gräbern soll vermieden werden; Essen und Trinken ist nicht gestattet. An jüdischen Feiertagen sowie am Sabbat (Freitagnachmittag bis Samstagabend) ist der Friedhofsbesuch un- tersagt. Manche Friedhöfe sind verschlossen, bitte wenden Sie sich für eine Besichtigung an die genannten Ansprechpartner. Wenn nicht anders ange- geben, sind die Friedhöfe aber auch ohne ein Betreten gut einsehbar. Israel Jacobson Network

Auf den Spuren der jüdischen Kultur und Geschichte zwischen Harz und Heide (Arbeitstitel)/On the Trail of Jewish Culture and History between the Harz Mountains and the Heath Region (Working title) Published by the Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History, to be released in 2017

In cooperation with Travel House Media GmbH, the IJN will publish a ME- RIAN special edition that presents the historical and contemporary arti- facts of the region in the context of Jewish culture and history. For the first time the renowned publishing company will include a tourism guide on the theme of “Jewish Culture” in its range. The MERIAN edition informs people in the region and beyond about a history of enlightenment, tolerance and integration, which can be discovered here of all places, with significant -ar tifacts and sites, and fascinating stories. The places of persecution and an- nihilation, but also newly developed Jewish life since 1945, are not left out – the book will present cultural tourism with a historical time line, honest, authentic and, above all, exciting.

19 Exhibitions

Von Wolfenbüttel nach New York. Eine amerikanische Ausstellung zur Wissenschaft des Judentums/From Wolfenbüttel to New York. An Ameri- can Exhibition on the “Wissenschaft des Judentums” Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum – Hinter Ägidien, November 17, 2016–March 5, 2017

In collaboration with the IJN, the exhibition was displayed in the Braun­ schweigisches Landesmuseum. The exhibition was prepared by the Leo Baeck Institute New York and complemented by themes and objects from the Braunschweig region. Many exhibits were presented in Germany for the first time.

In the 19th century, Jewish scholars built up the “Wissenschaft des Juden- tums” (Jewish Studies). It was intended to provide an identity for an enlight- ened Jewish population that considered itself to be bourgeois, and at the same time was supposed to foster integration in the social and scientific structures of mainstream society. The effects are felt to this day. Therefore, the exhibition makes references to contemporary debates and asks the question to what extent the historical developments towards legal equal- ity and integration of religious and cultural minorities could also serve as model today. It is about acceptance and participation in common rights and obligations.

LBI CP. 1 CP. 2 137.5" 4" 4" 4" CP. 3 GP. 3 GP. 1 GP. 2 4"

Eduard Gans (1798-1839) was a jurist and “...the struggle for Emancipation... professor of law in Berlin. Together with Leopold Zunz he founded At the time of Moses Mendelssohn’s death the Society for the Culture and Academic Study of the Jews in in 1786, the ideals of the Haskalah had 1819. Its objective was to bring general education to Jewish youth 2.4 A by expanding their cultural horizons and to reform traditional Jewish found much attention among the intelli- [is] our religious duty, because it thinking. The Verein was a forum of young intellectuals in Berlin wissenschaft des udentums Jüdisch-Theologisches Seminar Breslau gentsia in urban centers, but who were among the first Jews to call for a thorough and critical ex- j Mendelssohn's ideal for attaining Bildung, amination of the sacred texts in a scholarly way and to free religious a secular education, including social and scholarship from belief. The Verein’s goals held great appeal to alone will afford us the ability artistic refinement as a pathway to becom- younger Jews; however, its failure to establish contact with the Jew- & the Conservative Movement ish mainstream ultimately led to its demise in 1824. ing an integral part of German culture fell 2.10 2.11 on deaf ears. The primary reason for this Leopold Zunz (1794-1886) was a gradu- to devote our entire strength cultural disparity lay in the Jewish educa- ate of the Samson Free School and a protégé of Samuel Ehrenberg, he Wissenschaft des Judentums [Academic The new scholars set out to understand how Judaism had The Jewish Theological tional system that was still focused on the who treated him as a son. He was the co-founder of the Verein für study of religious texts to the exclusion of Cultur und Wissenschaft der Juden [Society for the Culture and Aca- Seminary Breslau secular subjects. demic Study of the Jews], which he established together with David Study of Judaism] was the key instrument in the changed and developed over the millennia by posing questions unfettered to the welfare of the Friedländer and others in 1819. Its purpose was to examine the opened its doors in 2.4 B Jewish past in order to “bring Judaism…to self-awareness, to By the time civil equality seemed to be make the Jewish world known to itself.” Leopold Zunz edited the The Academic Study of 1854 under the leader- within reach after the passing of the 1812 Verein’s periodical entitled Zeitschrift für die Wissenschaft des Ju- transformation of Judaism during the nineteenth that were historical and scientific. This approach bore the state and our compatriots.” Edict, the number of educated Jews had denthums, or Journal for the Academic Study of Judaism. Neither ship of Zacharias —Zacharias Frankel grown substantially. Yet many advocates of the Verein nor its journal lasted very long, but the concept of Wis- senschaft lived on in the development of Jewish scholarship. Frankel, a rabbi and progress, mostly university-educated young century through the use of new methods of textual potential for dissolving the sacred traditions and timeless Jews, questioned the authority of the reli- 1.7-8 historian from Prague. gious establishment and considered Jewish The funding came from law and ritual as anachronistic. In 1819, study, especially philology and history, in the study nature of the texts and corroding the timeless revelations and Judaism and the Shaping Eduard Gans, a lecturer at Berlin Univer- Jonas Fränckel, a sity, Leopold Zunz, and others established businessman and the Verein für die Cultur und Wissenschaft of Jewish texts and the history of Judaism. Scholars traditions. Yet scholars could also employ Wissenschaft to Zacharias Frankel (1801-1875) was one of the lead- der Juden [Association for the Culture and 1.9 ing advocates for Conservative Judaism in Germany. Born and trained in Prague, philanthropist and reform-minded Jew. The Seminary was the first Frankel was the first rabbi in Central Europe with a university degree and the first Academic Study of the Jews]. The Verein's of classical studies had first developed these methods for support revelation and tradition. Wissenschaft was a rabbinic training school based on the principles of German to deliver his sermons in German. In 1854, he was appointed director of the objective was to “bring Judaism … to self- newly founded Jewish Theological Seminary in Breslau, where he remained until awareness, to make the Jewish world his death. As the exponent of “positive historical Judaism” he held that Reform Ju- 4" 4" 4" Wissenschaft. Frankel ideas of “positive-historical Judaism” were known to itself,” by educating Jewish youth t of Jewish Identity daism ignored the national component of Judaism and focused mainly on its intel- to expand their cultural horizons and deter- exploring classical texts and the history of the ancient world. malleable tool in the hands of its practitioners. based on the assumption that traditional Jewish law and practice lectual aspects. He agreed that religious reforms were necessary and advocated the right of researching Judaism as a scholarly discipline. However, he insisted on re- mining Judaism as “the idea of uncondi- were positive elements that should be combined with a historical taining customs that were deeply ingrained in Judaism, such as the prayer for re- tioned unity within totality,” which implied Other scholars then applied this methodology to the study of turning to Zion. His middle position was sharply attacked by representatives of becoming assimilated into the mainstream and critical reading and interpretation of the laws and the past. Orthodox as well as Reform Judaism. 2.14 of European culture. The Verein folded in Viewing Jewish law as adapting to the necessities of modern life 2.5 2.12-13 1824, but the foundation for a new con- cept of Judaism had been formulated that Christianity, stirring major controversies by treating sacred The advocates of Reform, Conservative, Neo-Orthodox The exhibition has been made possible with generous funding 4.5" set the Seminary apart from traditional Orthodox teaching models. would lead to a scholarly study of Judaism. texts as historical, human creations. Beginning around 1819, and Orthodox Judaism developed unique versions of The Seminary operated until 1938, when the Nazis dismantled the 2.3 from the The David Berg Foundation, New York. institution, but two additional rabbinic candidates were ordained in 1.3 1.5 a group of young Jewish intellectuals in Berlin, including Wissenschaft to create, articulate, and legitimate their 1939. The Breslau Seminary became the model for rabbinic schools in Budapest, Vienna and the Jewish Theological Seminary, whose Leopold Zunz, Eduard Gans, and Heinrich Heine, began to particular adaptation of Judaism. Indeed, each of the various second president, Solomon Schechter, had studied Scientific Judaism in Berlin. Under his leadership, the Jewish Theological Seminary apply these methods to the study of Jews and Judaism. movements or denominations institutionalized that process became the core of the Conservative Movement in America. 1.2 1.6 They understood this enterprise as an important step in the by founding scholarly journals and, ultimately, seminaries 2.4 69" acquisition of equal rights: Judaism had to be emancipated that taught their particular version of Judaism based on their

in order for the Jews to be emancipated. understanding of Wissenschaft. n i o

65" c e n t r e o n 5

FROM BRESLAU TO NEW YORK h i b t u t 1 i t 0 5 " E x t 2 t , f I n s 25" 8 1 h a i g n k c s c y r e e n s D e l B a s b r u a o i s i n a e L e F F Elevation W t :

1 t : e c e : t e : e n i t l a l i P r o j T D 1.1 etching Mendelssohn (repro CP. 1) 2.1 Street Scene Breslau (repro GP.1) 2.10 photo Kaufman (repro) C 1.2 book Jerusalem Mendelssohn (deck mount) 2.2 litho Frankel (repro GP.2) 2.11 etching Schekter (framed) 1.3 German edict (repro CP. 2) 2.3 book Program Zur (frame w/ 24) 2.12 photo Geniza view (repro GP.3) 1.5 pamphlet Hep! Hep! (wall mount) 2.4 Monatssehrift (frame w/ 23) 202.13 photo JTS street view (repro GP.3) 1.6 book Zehschrift (wall mount) 2.4 a booklet Anniversary (frame w/ 24b) 2.14 photo Schorsch (repro) 1.7 etching Gans (repro CP. 2) 2.4 b booklet Protocal (frame w/ 24a) 1.8 litho Zunz (repro CP. 2) 2.5 photo Gratz (repro) 1.9 book Etwas ueber die Rabbinsche... (repro)

wall mounted case 18" x 24" center on wall center on wall

4" 4" s 3" 4" center grouping on wall

GP. 4 GP. 5 GP. 6 r GP. 7 4.17 4.1 4.3-4 4.16 4.11 4.7 4.6 “We wish to be…children of our 5.1 5.5 Scholarship 4" 5.4 own time,…and as children of our a 5.7 Hochschule für die Wissenschaft 3.10 The Orthodox Response to 4" des Judentums – Reform Judaism own time we must strive to realize The early proponents of Wissenschaft des Judentums attempted to the Wissenschaft Debate reacquaint young educated Jews in the early years of the 19th Isaac Mayer Wise (1819–1900) emigrated to the U.S. from Bohemia for lack of professional opportunities, settling in Albany, NY, in century with Judaism that to many seemed outmoded. By applying for our contemporaries the true 1846, where he became rabbi of Congregation Beth El. He introduced far-reaching In 1872 the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft Despite the momentous changes introducing liturgical reforms, including playing choral music in the services and men methods of modern research to all matters Jewish, including all des Judentums [College for the Academic Study and women sitting together.. His reforms met with great disapproval resulting in that transformed the German- Wise to form a new congregation, Anshe Emet. In 1854, Wise took over the rab- manifestations of secular Jewish culture, the second generation of l of Judaism] was opened under the leadership of standpoint of Judaism, which has binical leadership of Congregation B'nai Jeshurun in Cincinnati, and began to pub- Jewish religious landscape within lish a weekly, The Deborah. maskillim placed Judaism firmly within the framework of Western 3.2 Abraham Geiger, Moritz Lazarus and a group 5.2 the span of a few decades, After the Civil War, Wise renewed his campaign for uniting congregations, which European culture. Distancing the study of Jewish texts from religious ob- 3.1 never been content to be a faith di- partly fulfilled when, in 1834, thirty-four Reform congregations convened in Cincin- 3" Orthodoxy remained a force to of Jewish professors at Berlin University as an nati to establish the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. Hebrew Union Col- servance and denominational bias and creating a scholarly be reckoned with in Germany. alternative to the more conservative Jewish lege was established in 1836, the first Jewish rabbinical seminary in America. The 3.11 Central Conference of American Rabbis, which opened in 1889, adopted the Union perspective, gave rise to academic institutions that strengthened Theological Seminary in Breslau. While the vorced from life or a practice at Prayer Book that was to become the standard siddur in all Reform congregations Until the mid-19th century, the throughout the U.S. and popularized Jewish Studies. Ultimately, the academic study Breslau Seminary focused on the study of vast majority of Jews continued to of Judaism changed how Jews saw their own place in the world Talmud and Jewish law (albeit with a modern variance with belief” 4.18 4.12 live in rural areas, far removed from the turmoil of the larger urban —Abraham Geiger above left: Hebrew Union College Cincinnati and how they were perceived by others. philological approach), the Hochschule strove Artist Unknown centers. The Orthodox tradition continued, also buoyed by an influx Photograph, no date Courtesy American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati refine the principles of studying Judaism as a o of Orthodox students from all over Europe eager for a solid German- 55" on center left: Isaac Mayer Wise Artist Unknown scholarly discipline and to train progressive rabbis in a spirit of Photograph, 1880s style rabbinical education. The political discourse on civil equality Courtesy American Jewish Archives, Cincinnati 4" 4" and acculturation permeating much of the first decades of the independent scholarly research. “It was our belief that German and Jewish spirits 19th century, left a deep impact on the Orthodox community as well, Although the Hochschule was designed as an institution of higher 3.8 producing rabbis steeped in traditional learning with a doctoral learning unaffiliated with any particular Jewish denomination, many would encounter each other on German soil and degree from a German university. 5.3 5.6 5.8 of its faculty and alumni were associated with the Reform Movement, including Abraham Geiger, Ismar Elbogen, Moritz Lazarus and Leo Baeck, to name a few. through their symbiosis become a blessing.” 3.9 —Leo Baeck “…faithful adherence to traditional teachings

The American Reform movement came into being through the initia- h tive of immigrant German rabbis whose progressive leanings made it combined with an effective effort to keep in hard for them to find a congregation in their homeland. One of the Ismar Elbogen (1874-1943) re- driving forces shaping American Judaism was Isaac Mayer Wise ceived his rabbinical training at the Jewish Theological Semi- 3.12 touch with the spirit of progress” nary Breslau and his doctorate from Breslau University. From who was the catalyst in the establishment of Hebrew Union College 1898 until 1902 he taught Bible exegesis and Jewish his- 4.13 4.9 4.5 4.14 4.10 4.15 —Esriel Hildesheimer in Cincinnati, in 1875, the first rabbinical college in the US. Today, tory at the Collegio Rabbinico Italiano in Florence, before ac- Hebrew Union College teaches reform rabbis and cantors on three cepting a teaching position at the Hochschule für die Wissenschaft des Judentums. He is the author of numerous campuses in Cincinnati, New York and Jerusalem. books, including Der jüdische Gottesdienst in seiner geschichtlichen Entwicklung, 1913 [Jewish Liturgy in Its His- torical Evolution] which was translated into Hebrew and printed in several editions. In 1993, the Jewish Publication society published the most recent Hebrew version in an Eng- lish translation by Raymond P. Scheindlin titled, Jewish Liturgy: A Comprehensive History. S c

FROM Berlin TO Cincinnati c e n t r Orthodoxy h e o n

t 34.5" 5 " O

25" 25" I D U T S 4 4 3 e t E 8 r

Elevation 0 4 S t 5 N 9 0 4 N J c h 6

2 4 , O 7 . o x 9 G i e l d B f C h u r 6 . . 6 6 A O 3 5 3.1 photo Hochschule (repro GP.4) 3.9 photo Wise (repro GP.6) 4.1 Rapoport 4.13 Baeck 5.1 photo Hildesheimer (framed) . P 2 N e w 8 3.2 litho Geiger (framed) 3.10 photo HUC street view (repro GP.6) 4.3 Krochmal (4.3 -4.4 combined) 4.14 Glatzer 5.2 Faculty of Hildesheimer Seminary (repro GP.7) R

3.8 photo Elbogen w/ students (repro GP.5) 3.11 photo Libienthal (repro) 4.4 Schechter (43. -4.4 combined) 4.15 Stern-Täubler 5.3 Portrait of Esriel Hildesheimer (framed) H T

3.12 photo Einhorn (repro) 4.5 Luzzatto 4.16 Martin Buber 5.4 pamphlet Statut für das Rabbiner…(wall case) I

4.6 Steinschneider 4.17 portrait Stein 5.5 Appeal issued by Rabbi Esriel (wall case) E 4.7 Moritz Lazarus 4.18 portrait Baeck 5.6 litho Bernay (framed) K 4.9 Cohen 5.7 Portrait of Rabbi Raphael Hirsch 4.10 Rosenzweig 5.8 Open Inquiry to the Leaders… (framed) 4.11 Arendt 1 4.12 Scholem Israel Jacobson Network

Synagogue and Temple. 200 Years of Jewish Reform Architecture – Guest exhibition from Braunschweig shown in New York

The touring exhibition designed by the Bet Tfila – Research Unit for Jew- ish Architecture focuses on the history of the Reform synagogues from the early days of Israel Jacobson’s Jacob’s Temple in Seesen to the present day. Highly detailed wooden models of some synagogues are the core of the exhibition, supplemented by historical exhibits. In New York, the presenta- tion will also have a special focus on the transfer of the ideas of the Jewish Reform movement from Germany and Europe to the United States. Thus, the New York Temple Emanu-El is the world’s largest Reform synagogue and one of the most important examples of American Jewish architecture.

The exhibition will be shown in 2017 in New York; the IJN thanks the Federal Foreign Office in Germany for its support.

Synagogue Model

21 Events

Lecture by Dr. Frank Mecklenburg, Leo Baeck Institute New York: Birnen, Bohnen und kein Speck – jüdische Kochbücher im Archiv des Leo Baeck Institutes/Pears, beans and no bacon – Jewish cookbooks in the archive of the Leo Baeck Institute April 2016, Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Braunschweig

Printed cookbooks in general have long been known, but distinctly Jewish cookbooks can be found only since the mid-19th century when during the emergence of the bourgeoisie and emancipation of German Jews or urban- ization, many local traditions began to be lost. Marriage between Jews and Christians as well as the resolution of traditional religious bonds generat- ed mixed forms of recipes, e.g. when non-Jewish dishes were adapted to Jewish rules – for example, the non-kosher dish “pears, beans and bacon” in the Eastern provinces of Prussia. The emigration of the 1930s caused a shift of many documents of Jewish life in the diaspora, thus often preserv- ing them. Many cookbooks and recipes have been lying in cupboards and drawers in New York and elsewhere for many decades, and are now coming to Birnen, Bohnen und KEIN Speck – light with the dissolution of households Jüdische Kochbücher im Archiv des Leo Baeck Institutes, New York of emigrants by their grandchildren. Vortrag von Dr. Frank Mecklenburg, New York Donnerstag, 14. April 2016, 19:00 Uhr For twenty years, Dr. Frank Mecklen- Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Burgplatz 1 burg, who studied and received his doc- torate in Berlin, has been Director of Re- search at Leo Baeck Institute New York and Chief Archivist, responsible for the extensive archive on German-Jewish his- tory and culture.

Veranstaltet vom Verein Israel Jacobson Netzwerk in Kooperation mit der Bet Tfila – Forschungsstelle und dem Braunschweigischen Landesmuseum

22 Israel Jacobson Network

Objekt und Schrift. Erste Arbeitstagung des Netzwerks jüdisches Kulturerbe/Object and Scripture. First workshop of the Network of Jew- ish Cultural Heritage April 2016, Bet Tfila – Research Unit for Jewish Architecture in Europe at the Technische Universität Braunschweig/European Center for Jewish Music at the Hanover University of Music, Drama and Media:

The IJN participated in the first open session of the internationally active Network of Jewish Cultural Heritage. Over forty experts from Germany, Is- rael and the United States engaged in a discussion on the relationships of “object” and “scripture” in Jewish culture. A publication of the articles is in preparation.

Braunschweig, 1st Workshop of the Network

23 Rabbi Prof. Dr. Ismar Schorsch, New York: Der jüdische Aufbruch in die Moderne, die Spannung zwischen Glaube und Wissenschaft November 2016: Braunschweig/Wolfsburg/Wolfenbüttel, in cooperation with the City of Braunschweig, the Neue Schule in Wolfsburg, the Lessing Academy and the Herzog August Bibliothek in Wolfenbüttel, discussion/lecture/presentation

Ismar Schorsch was born in 1935 in Hanover and fled with his parents from Nazi persecution via Great Britain to the United States. There he devoted himself to Jewish history and theology. From 1986 to 2006, he was chancel- lor of the Jewish Theological Seminary, one of the most renowned schools of Jewish theology in the United States. Schorsch received numerous awards and is President Emeritus of the Leo Baeck Institute in New York.

In a series of lectures, the rabbi and expert on Jewish history, especially since the Age of the Enlightenment, is unveiling his latest work , a biography of Leopold Zunz, one of the founding fathers of the science of Judaism. Zunz was a student and temporary instructor at the Samson School in Wolfen- büttel, which was one of the origins of modern Jewish scholarship.

The events with professor Ismar Schorsch offer all interested participants the opportunity to engage in discussion with him about Jewish culture and history, but also about current issues concerning integration, religion and government. It is an honor for the IJN, to be able to welcome him to the region.

24 Israel Jacobson Network

Congress

Synagogue and Museum. 3rd International Congress on Jewish Architecture November 21–23, 2016, Technische Universität Braunschweig

The IJN is the cooperation partner of the Bet Tfila – Research Unit for Jewish Architecture in Europe, which in cooperation with the Chair for Jewish Art History at the Hochschule für Jüdische Studien (HfJS) invited visitors to the 3rd International Congress of Jewish Architecture in Braunschweig. Over fifty renowned researchers and museum experts from around the world will gather to discuss issues of dealing with synagogues as museums and in museums. Numerous patrons, including the German Research Foundation (DFG), the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen and Halbach-Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Culture of the German Federal State of Lower Saxony and the City of Braunschweig support the Congress. An English-language pub- lication of the articles will be published in 2017 by Michael Imhof Verlag publishing house.

Braunschweig, 2nd International Congress 2014

25 A Strong Region of Culture and Econony

Economic motor of Lower Saxony

Ranked 2nd in company start-ups Salzgitter, Salzgitter AG Helmstedt, Juleum

World class compa- nies and market lea- ders: Volkswagen AG, Jägermeister, Nord­ zucker AG, Salzgitter AG, Siemens etc. Wolfenbüttel, Library Braunschweig, Burgplatz

Located in the heart of Germany

Schöningen, Paläon Wolfsburg, Allerpark

One of Europe‘s most research-intensive regions

Gifhorn, Windmill Museum Goslar, Rammelsberg

26 Israel Jacobson Network

Members of the Executive Board

President Vice-President Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander von Kienlin Erik Homann

Head of the Institute for Building History Mayor of the town of Seesen, the city of at the TU Braunschweig and Director of the first Reform synagogue and of the the Bet Tfila – Research Unit for Jewish first Reformschule, founded by Israel Architecture in Europe, Braunschweig Jacobson.

Treasurer Andreas Memmert

Mayor of the municipality of Schla- den-Werla/Hornburg; chairman of the Tourismusverband Nördliches Harzvor- land; assessor at the geopark-Trägerver- ein Braunschweiger Land – Ostfalen e.V.

27 Advisory Committee

apl. Prof. Dr. Gerhard Döpkens Dr. Jörg Munzel Cord-Friedrich Berghahn

President of the Chairman of the Board Head of Leisure Industries Lessing Academy in of the bank Gifhorn- of the Allianz für die Regi- Wolfenbüttel Wolfsburg Sparkasse on GmbH

Dr. Heike Pöppelmann Renate Wagner-Redding

Director of the Chairwoman of the Braunschweigisches Braunschweig Jewish Landesmuseum Community

28 Israel Jacobson Network

Participants of the Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History • Arbeitskreis Andere Geschichte e.V. | Gedenkstätte KZ-Außenlager Braunschweig Schillstraße • Braunschweigische Wissenschaftliche Gesellschaft • Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum • Center for Jewish Art | Hebrew University of Jerusalem • Deutsch-israelische Gesellschaft e.V. | Arbeitsgemeinschaft Braunschweig • Europäisches Zentrum für jüdische Musik | Hochschule für Musik, Theater und Medien Hannover • Gedenk- und Dokumentationsstätte KZ Drütte • Gemeinde Schladen-Werla • Gemeinde Steinhorst • Handlungsfeld Freizeit | Allianz für die Region GmbH • Herzog August Bibliothek Wolfenbüttel • Jüdische Gemeinde Braunschweig, K.d.ö.R. • Kreisheimatmuseum Helmstedt • Kreismuseum Peine • Kultur- und Wissenschaftsdezernat | Stadt Braunschweig • Kulturamt | Stadt Wolfenbüttel • Leo Baeck Institute New York • Lessing Akademie e.V. • Niedersächsisches Landesarchiv | Standort Wolfenbüttel • Sparkasse Gifhorn-Wolfsburg • Stadt Seesen • Stiftung UNESCO-Welterbe im Harz, Goslar • Tessenow Runde, Steinhorst • Technische Universität Braunschweig | Bet Tfila – Forschungsstelle für jüdische Architektur in Europa • Technische Universität Braunschweig | Institut für Germanistik • ... and other institutions and private persons

29 Imprint

Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History

President Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander von Kienlin

Technische Universität Braunschweig Pockelsstraße 4 D-38106 Braunschweig

Tel: +49 (0)531 391 2526 [email protected]

Texts: Dr.-Ing. Katrin Keßler and PD Dr.-Ing. habil. Ulrich Knufinke

Design: Jonas Karnagel

English Translation: Helga Kratochwil, itkplus Meschede

Photo credits: Allianz für die Region, S. Hübner: 2, 3-l | Allianz für die Region, S. Kotyrba: 8-l, 26 (Salzgitter, Wolfenbüttel, Gifhorn, Goslar) | Allianz für die Region, S. Sobotta: 26 (Juleum) | Allianz für die Region, Petersen: 26 (Paläon) | Bet Tfila – Forschungsstelle: 11-r, 13, 16, 21, 22, 23, 25 | Braunschweigisches Landesmuse- um: 5-l, 6-r | Center for Jewish Art, HUJI Jerusalem: 16 | Israel Jacobson Archive Seesen: 4 and title page | Israel Jacobson Netzwerk (K. Keßler and U. Knufinke): 8-r, 9, 10-l, 11-l, 12, 14, 26 (Braunschweig) | Leo Baeck Institute New York: 16, 20 | Stadt Braunschweig, Daniela Nielsen: 17-r; Städtisches Museum Braunschweig: 10-r; Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft: 17-l | Wolfsburg AG: 26 (Allerpark)

Braunschweig, second edition, 2016

30 Israel Jacobson Network Israel Jacobson Network

Israel Jacobson Network

Israel Jacobson Network for Jewish Culture and History President Prof. Dr.-Ing. Alexander von Kienlin

Israel Jacobson Netzwerk für jüdische Kultur und Geschichte e.V. Technische Universität Braunschweig Pockelsstraße 4 D-38106 Braunschweig Tel: +49 (0)531 391 2526 [email protected]

IBAN: DE08 2695 1311 0161 6659 63 BIC: NOLADE21GFW