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Case Study of Natuna Island in the South China Sea Dispute

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Case Study of Natuna Island in the South China Sea Dispute THESIS INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO MAINTAIN BORDER TERRITORY; CASE STUDY OF NATUNA ISLAND IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE Rizal Adlan Mustafa 35.2014.51.0801 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITY UNIVERSITAS DARUSSALAM GONTOR PONOROGO 2018 Indonesian Government Efforts To Maintain Border Territory; Case Study of Natuna Island In The South China Sea Dispute Thesis Submitted to meet the partial fulfillment of the requirements For the degree licentiate In International Relations Study By: Rizal Adlan Mustafa 35.2014.51.0801 Supervisor Fadhlan Nur Hakiem, M.Si. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITY UNIVERSITAS DARUSSALAM GONTOR PONOROGO 2018 ii iii iii iv iv v v vi vi MOTTOES ُ ْ َّ َ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َ ّ ْ َ َ َ قل إِن صل ِت ونس ِك ومياي ومم ِات لِ ِ ر ِب العال ِمني "Indeed, my prayer, my rites of sacrifice, my living and my dying are for Allah, Lord of the worlds” Al-An’am: 162 _________________ ُ َ َ ْ َ َ َ ُ ْ َ ُ َّ ْ َ ٌ َ َ َ ٌ َ ْ َ َ َ ْ ُ َّ َ َ ْ ْ َ ْ َ َ َ َ َ َّ َ َ ً لقد كن لكم ِف رس ِول الِ أسوة حسنة لِمن كن يرجو ال و َالوم ال ِخر وذكر ال كثِريا There has certainly been for you in the Messenger of Allah an excellent pattern for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the Last Day and [who] remembers Allah often. al-Ahzâb: 21 vii DEDICATION I dedicate this work to: Allah’ Azza wa jalla, who has given me His mercy, blessing, guide during my entire life, Until I could not count how much is it Rasulullah SAW who has guided this ummat to dien Islam My beloved father, Azis Junairi, my mother Rusmini, S.Pd., SD. Who always supported me. Annisa Nurhuda Romadhona my beloved sister, Rana Dani Kahfi and Kanza Sindang Pubiano my beloved brothers and my grand mother and grand father for all their prayers and supports. _____________________ All of member of ASSASIND (Association Students of International Delegations, Indonesia Initiative Leaders forum (IILF) Yogyakarta, YOUCAN EMPOWER Papua, Youth Education and Enterpreneurship Summit (YEES) Turkey, World Islamic Countries University Leaders Summit (WICULS) Malaysia. Future Leaders Camp and Batik Festival (FLCBF) Japan, International Conference on ASEAN Studies (ICOAS) Spain, HMP-HIU, Student Council (SC UNIDA), Smart Generation, Smart Saburai, and the honorable Dean of Humanity Faculty, Head of International Relations Departement, and all of students of International Relations, who always support and motivate me to finish this thesis. .Thank You so much for All viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS All praises to Allah Swt who has given us mercy and healthy, and for blessing to complete this thesis. The author never forgets to be very grateful to the supervisor who is very patient to guide the students both in research proposal even in the final stage of exam, specifically Al Ustadz Fadhlan Nur Hakiem, M.Si. and also the others supervisor, Al Ustadz Sofi Mubarok, M.A. as the chief of International Relations Department of Universitas Darussalam Gontor. The author also thankful to the examiner, Miss. Novi Rizka Amalia, SIP. M.A., and Miss Hesti Rokhaniah, M.Pd., for criticism and influence motivations throughout the course of this study. This research dedicated to: 1. The Headmasters of Darussalam Modern Islamic Boarding School Gontor; Dr KH. Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi, M.A., KH. Hasan Abdullah Sahal, K.H. Syamsul Hadi Abdan, S.Ag who have allowed the author to study in UNIDA Gontor. 2. The Rector of UNIDA GONTOR: Prof Dr Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi, M.A., Dr. H. Hamid Fahmy Zarkasyi, M.A., M.Phil., Dr Setiawan Bin Lahuri, Lc, M.A., and Dr Dihyatun Masqon, M.A. 3. Dean of the Humanities Faculty: Dr KH. Ahmad Hidayatullah Zarkasyi, M.A. 4. Head of International Relations Departement, Mr. Sofi Mubarok, M.A. 5. Mr. Fadhlan Nur Hakiem, M.Si., the consultant for his worthy guidance and suggestion in writting this thesis. 6. All the lecturers of University of Darussalam Gontor, for their teaching in this University. ix The benefical criticism and suggestion are welcome for better improvemen of this thesis. Ponorogo, Jumadal Ula 27th, 1439 H Februari 13th, 2018 M Rizal Adlan Mustafa NIM: 35.2014.5.1.0801 x ABSTRACT Upaya Pemerintah Indonesia Menjaga Wilayah Perbatasan; Studi Kasus Kepulauan Natuna di Zona Konflik Laut China Selatan Rizal Adlan Mustafa 35.2014.5.1.0801 Skripsi ini membahas mengenai strategi Indonesia dalam dalam menjaga wilayah perbatasan di zona konflik Laut China Selatan. Pada awalnya Indonesia tidak terlibat langsung dalam konflik tersebut. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu, China membuat nine-dash line yang memasukkan perairan Natuna ke dalam peta negara mereka. Tindakan China yang semena-mena di kawasan zona ekonomi ekslusif Indonesia tersebut membuat pemerintah Indonesia bertindak dengan mengeluarkan beberapa kebijakan untuk melindungi wilayah perbatasan Indonesia yang berada di perairan Natuna tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah, untuk mengetahui sejauh mana upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam melindungi wilayah perbatasan khususnya perairan Natuna di zona konflik Laut China Selatan. Dengan tujuan dan latar belakang tersebut maka kerangka pemikiran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rational Choice Theory dan Foreign Policy. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif yang menjelaskan latar belakang sumber konflik Laut China Selatan dan strategi Indonesia dalam menjaga wilayah perbatasan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwasanya Indonesia telah berhasil menjaga perbatasan dari zona konflik Laut China Selatan dengan menggunakan tiga strategi, yaitu merubah nama Laut China Selatan menjadi Laut Natuna Utara di kawasan zona ekonomi ekslusif (ZEE) Indonesia, menambah kekuatan militer untuk menjaga wilayah Indonesia xi dan dengan melakukan kerjasama dengan negara-negara ASEAN dan negara yang berkonflik di Laut China Selatan serta mengangkat isu Laut China Selatan ke dalam forum ASEAN, sehingga kepentingan Indonesia dapat terealisasi dengan baik, kawasan ASEAN menjadi lebih kondusif dan hubungan Indonesia dengan negara-negara yang berkonflik tetap terjaga. Kata Kunci : Laut China Selatan, Laut Natuna Utara, Politik Luar Negeri, Rational Choice Theory, Konflik, Perbatasan. xii ABSTRACT Indonesian Government Efforts to Maintain Border Territory; Case Study of Natuna Island In The South China Sea Dispute Rizal Adlan Mustafa 35.204.5.1.0801 This research discusses about Indonesian strategy on keeping the border regions in the South China Sea dispute. Indonesia is initially not involved directly in the conflict. However, as time goes by, China made a nine-dash line which included the Natuna waters into the maps of its country. China's actions that arbitrarily in the exclusive economic zone (EEX)of Indonesia region, that make the Government of Indonesia Act issued some policies to protect the border region of Indonesia located in the Natuna waters. The purpose of this research is to know to what extent the effort of the Government of Indonesia in protecting the border region particularly Natuna waters in the South China Sea conflict zone. Framework of thoughts that are used in this research is the Rational Choice Theory and Foreign Policy. While the author tries to analyze this research using qualitative method that explains the background of the source of the conflict of South China Sea and Indonesia's strategy in maintaining the border region. The results of this study explain that Indonesia has managed to keep the border from the South China Sea conflict zone by using three strategies, namely changing the name of the South China Sea into a North Natuna Sea in the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Indonesia, adding the military strength to safeguard Indonesia's territory, and conducting cooperation with ASEAN countries and countries that are in conflict of South China Sea and raising the issue of the South China Sea into the ASEAN forum. Therefore, Indonesia's xiii interests can be realized with well, ASEAN is becoming more conducive and Indonesia relationship among the countries in dispute remains stabil. Keywords: South China Sea, North Natuna Sea, Rational Choice Theory, Foreign Policy, Dispute, Border. xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER .................................................................................................. vii MOTTOES ............................................................................................. iii DECLARATION .................................................................................... iii APPROVAL OF SUPERVISOR ........................................................... iv CERTIFICATION ...................................................................................v VALIDATION ........................................................................................ vi MOTTOES ............................................................................................ vii DEDICATION ...................................................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................. ix ABSTRACT ............................................................................................ xi ABSTRACT .......................................................................................... xiii TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................xv LIST OF TABLE ................................................................................. xvii THE ABBREVIATION ....................................................................
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