DOCSLIB.ORG

Women's Entrepreneurship Development in Uganda

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Women's Entrepreneurship Development in Uganda WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA: Insights and recommendations WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA: Insights and recommendations ­ ILO WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA: Insights and Recommendations Enock Mugabi i WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA Copyright © International Labour Organization 2014 First published 2014 Publications of the International Labour Office enjoy copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short excerpts from them may be reproduced without authorization, on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation, application should be made to ILO Publications (Rights and Permissions), International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland, or by email: [email protected]. The International Labour Office welcomes such applications. Libraries, institutions and other users registered with reproduction rights organizations may make copies in accordance with the licences issued to them for this purpose. Visit www.ifrro.org to find the reproduction rights organization in your country. Mugabi, Enock Women’s entrepreneurship development in Uganda : insights and recommendations / Enock Mugabi; International Labour Office – Geneva: ILO, 2014 ISBN: 978-92-2-129323-1 (print) ISBN: 978-92-2-129324-8 (web pdf) entrepreneurship / women in development / gender mainstreaming / womens empowerment / small enterprise / role of ILO / evaluation / Uganda 03.04.5 ILO Cataloguing in Publication Data The designations employed in ILO publications, which are in conformity with United Nations practice, and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the International Labour Office concerning the legal status of any country, area or territory or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers. The responsibility for opinions expressed in signed articles, studies and other contributions rests solely with their authors, and publication does not constitute an endorsement by the International Labour Office of the opinions expressed in them. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the International Labour Office, and any failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. ILO publications and electronic products can be obtained through major booksellers or ILO local offices in many countries, or direct from ILO Publications, International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzer- land. Catalogues or lists of new publications are available free of charge from the above address, or by email: [email protected] Visit our website: www.ilo.org/publns Photocomposed in Switzerland JMB Printed by the International Labour Office, Geneva, Switzerland ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS his report was made possible thanks to the dedication, hard work and collaboration of a multi- T tude of people and organizations. We thank consultant Enock Mugabi and his research for their enthusiasm, dedication and com- mitment to carrying out the research. Our appreciation also goes to all Ugandan stakeholders, partners and women entrepreneurs who were generous with their time for multiple consulta- tions around this report. We wish to extend our gratitude to Lois Stevenson and Annette St-Onge, senior experts in women’s entrepreneurship development who helped develop not only the overall framework but also provided invaluable guidance to the country teams while carrying out the study. We also wish to recognize and thank those who provided key technical contributions to this report. We particularly thank UNCTAD for a very fruitful collaboration leading to the incor- poration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as an area of study in this report, which was made possible through a Sida funded project. To Torbjorn Fredriksson and Marie Sicat from UNCTAD, and the consultant Thao Ngyungen, a special thank you for your comments, contributions and support on ICTs along the past few months. This all would not have been possible without the support of ILO-WED donors. ILO thanks Irishaid for its longstanding partnership, including funding for the current Women’s Entrepre- neurship Development and Economic Empowerment (WED-EE) project in Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda, under which this study was commissioned. The WED-EE Chief Technical Advi- sor, Jealous Chirove, and the National Project Coordinator in Uganda, Grace Rwomushana, were instrumental in supporting the rollout of this research as well as the follow up to the recommendations. Lastly, appreciation goes to Virginia Rose-Losada and Joni Simpson, from the WED programme in the Small and Medium Enterprises Unit in Geneva, without whose efforts this report would not have been launched. iii WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA iv CONTENTS CONTENTS Abbreviations and Acronyms....................................... vii About the ILO-WED Assessments 1 The WED Assessment Methodology . 1 How the findings in the report can be used.............................. 4 Executive Summary 5 Context . 6 Main Findings and Recommendations ................................. 6 Profile of Women Entrepreneurs in the Ugandan Economy 15 Gender and business ownership . 15 Sector distribution of enterprises by sex of owners . 16 Gender and entrepreneurial activity rates ............................... 17 Six WED Framework Conditions and their Scoring 21 Condition 1: Gender-sensitive legal and regulatory system that advances women’s economic empowerment ......................... 21 Condition 2: Effective Policy Leadership and Coordination for the Promotion of WED ............................... 25 Condition 3: Access to Gender-sensitive Financial Services................ 27 Condition 4: Access to Gender-Sensitive Business Development Support (BDS) Services ........................................ 33 Condition 5: Access to Markets and Technology . 37 Condition 6: Representation of women entrepreneurs and participation in policy dialogue ...................................... 43 Conclusions and Recommendations 49 References . 55 Annex: Indicators and scoring for the WED framework conditions....... 59 v WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA List of Tables Table 1: Ownership of business by sex and percentage.................... 18 List of Figures Figure 1: WED Assessment Framework – Profile of Women’s Entrepreneurship and Key Framework Conditions . 3 Figure 2: Components of the ILO WED Assessment Methodology .......... 4 Figure 3: Overall results and select key findings from the assessment of WED framework conditions............................... 7 Figure 4: Trends in early-stage entrepreneurial activity rates by sex, Uganda . 19 Figure 5. Quantitative assessment summary of the six WED framework conditions ............................................... 49 Figure 6. Detailed quantitative assessment summary by sub-condition . 50 vi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS aBi . AgriBusiness InitiativeTrust AMFIU . Association of Microfinance Institutions of Uganda BEST . Business and Enterprise Start-up Tool BDS . Business Development Support BLRC . Business Licencing Reform Committee CBT . Community Based Trainers CEEWA-U . Council for Economic Empowerment for Women in Africa-Uganda Chapter COBE . Census of Business Establishments COFTU . Central Organization of Free Trade Unions CSO . Civil Society Organizations DFCU . Development Finance Company of Uganda Bank Limited EASSI . Eastern Africa Sub Regional Support Initiative FG . Focus Group FGD . Focus Group Discussion FIDA-U . Uganda Association of Women Lawyers FOWODE . Forum for Women in Democracy FTB . Finance Trust Bank FUE . Federation of Uganda Employers G4G . Gender for Growth GDP . Gross Domestic Product GEM . Global Entrepreneurship Monitor GEP . Girl Entrepreneurship Programme GGGI . Global Gender Gap Index GIZ . German Technical Cooperation HIVOS . Humanistic Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries ICT . Information and Communications Technology IFC . International Finance Corporation ILO . International Labour Organization ITC . International Trade Centre KCCA . Kampala City Council Authority MFI . Microfinance Institution MFPED . Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development MGLSD . Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development MNC . Multinational corporation MSC . Microfinance Support Centre vii WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT IN UGANDA MSME . Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise MSE . Micro and Small Enterprise MTAC . Management Training and Advisory Centre MTIC . Ministry of Trade, Industry and Cooperatives MTN . Mobile Telecommunication Network MTTI . Ministry of Tourism, Trade and Industry NAADS . National Agricultural Advisory Services NAWOU . National Association of Women’s Organizations in Uganda NCDC . National Curriculum Development Center NDP . National Development Plan NES . National Export Strategy NGO . Non-Governmental Organization NOTU . National Organization of Trade Unions in Uganda NPA . National Planning Authority NSSF . National Social Security Fund OECD . Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PPDA . Public Procurement and Disposal Act PSFU . Private Sector Foundation of Uganda ROSCA . Rotating of Savings and Credit Associations SACCO . Savings and Credit Cooperative Organization SIDA . Swedish International Development Agency SMEs . Small and Medium Enterprises SPARC
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Founding Voices of Women's and Gender Studies in Uganda
    Journal of International Women's Studies Volume 21 Issue 2 Articles from the 5th World Conference Article 2 on Women’s Studies, Bangkok, Thailand April 2020 A Room, A Chair, and A Desk: Founding Voices of Women’s and Gender Studies in Uganda Adrianna L. Ernstberger Marian University Follow this and additional works at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws Part of the Women's Studies Commons Recommended Citation Ernstberger, Adrianna L. (2020). A Room, A Chair, and A Desk: Founding Voices of Women’s and Gender Studies in Uganda. Journal of International Women's Studies, 21(2), 4-16. Available at: https://vc.bridgew.edu/jiws/vol21/iss2/2 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. This journal and its contents may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. ©2020 Journal of International Women’s Studies. A Room, A Chair, and A Desk: Founding Voices of Women’s and Gender Studies in Uganda By Adrianna L. Ernstberger1 Abstract This paper studies the birth and development of women’s and gender studies in Uganda. I conducted this research as part of a doctoral thesis on the history of women’s and gender studies in the Global South. Using feminist and standpoint theories, much of the research includes oral histories gathered over the course of three years of field work in Uganda.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Educators in Uganda
    Female Educators in Uganda UNDERSTANDING PROFESSIONAL WELFARE IN GOVERNMENT PRIMARY SCHOOLS WITH REFUGEE STUDENTS Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies & Creative Associates International SPRING 2019 | SAIS WOMEN LEAD PRACTICUM PROGRAM Table of Contents TABLE OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................... III ABOUT THE AUTHORS ......................................................................................................... IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................... V ACRONYMS ....................................................................................................................... VI MAP OF UGANDA............................................................................................................. VII EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................... VIII 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 10 2. BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................... 13 3. METHODOLOGY & RESULTS ........................................................................................... 18 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................... 18 ANALYSIS ...................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda: Violence Against Women and Information and Communication Technologies
    Uganda: Violence against Women and Information and Communication Technologies Aramanzan Madanda, Berna Ngolobe and Goretti Zavuga Amuriat1 Association for Progressive Communications (APC) September 2009 Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 Unported creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ 1Goretti Zavuga Amuriat is a Senior Gender and ICT Policy Program Officer at Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET). She spearheadsa campaign for integrating gender into ICT policy processes in Uganda. She is also project coordinator of the Enhancing Income Growth among Small and Micro Women Entrepreneurs through Use of ICTs initiative in Uganda. URL: www.wougnet.org Berna Twanza Ngolobe is an Advocacy Officer of the Gender and ICT Policy Advocacy Program, Women of Uganda Network (WOUGNET) URL: www.wougnet.org Aramanzan Madanda is currently finalising a PhD researching adoption of ICT and changing gender relations using the example of computing and mobile telephony in Uganda. He is also ICT Programme Coordinator in the Department of Women and Gender Studies, Makerere University Uganda. Email: [email protected], URL www.womenstudies.mak.ac.ug. Table of Contents Preface.........................................................................................................................3 Executive summary........................................................................................................4 1. Overview.............................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda and Rwanda
    Women, Peace and Security: Practical Guidance on Using Law to Empower Women in Post-Conflict Systems Best Practices and Recommendations from the Great Lakes Region of Africa CASE STUDIES UGANDA AND RWANDA Julie L. Arostegui Veronica Eragu Bichetero © 2014 Julie L. Arostegui and WIIS. All rights reserved. Women in International Security (WIIS) 1111 19th Street, NW 12th Floor Washington, DC 20036 Email: [email protected] Website: http://wiisglobal.org UGANDA HISTORY OF THE CONFLICT Uganda has had a history of civil conflict since its independence from the United Kingdom in 1962 - triggered by political instability and a series of military coups between groups of different ethnic and ideological composition that resulted in a series of dictatorships. In 1966, just four years after independence, the central government attacked the Buganda Kingdom, which had dominated during British rule, forced the King to flee, abolished traditional kingdoms and declared Uganda a republic. In 1971 Army Commander Idi Amin Dada overthrew the elected government of Milton Obote, and for eight years led the country through a regime of terror under which many people lost their lives. Amin was overthrown in 1979 by rebel Ugandan soldiers in exile supported by the army of TanZania. Obote returned to power through the 1980 general elections, ruling with army support. In 1981 a five-year civil war broke out led by the current president, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni and the National Resistance Army (NRA), protesting the fraudulent elections. Known as the Ugandan Bush War, the conflict took place mainly in an area of fourteen districts north of Kampala that was known as the Luwero Triangle.
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda's Situation
    United Nations Population Fund Issue Brief 05 Worlds apart in Uganda: Inequalities in women’s health, education and economic empowerment Uganda’s Situation 37.7M Uganda’s population 51% Gender inequalities, inequities and implication to Uganda’s development 49% More than ever before, there is global all women and girls, calls for gender consensus that the path to sustainable equality and empowerment, including but development for the next 15 years must not limited to ending all forms of violence Females constitute be built on a foundation of equality, and discrimination against all women and 51% of the total inclusiveness and universal enjoyment girls, as well as ensuring universal access population of rights. Several studies have further to sexual and reproductive health and indicated that closing the gender gap can rights. SDG 10: Reduced inequality within accelerate development. In this regard, and among countries; ensures equal 3.7% all the 17 Sustainable Development Goals opportunity and reduced inequalities (SDGs) address issues of gender equality of outcome, including eliminating and ensuring that nobody is left behind. discriminatory laws, policies and practices 23% Goal 5 and 10 are specific on gender and promoting appropriate legislation, equality and addressing inequalities. SDG policies and action in this regard. 55% 5: Achieve gender equality and empower Youth (18-30) Children below 18 Older persons Uganda adopted and aligned to the Global Agenda 2030 Sustainable development goals. Uganda’s Vision 2040 statement prioritizes gender equality as a cross-cutting enabler for socio-economic transformation, highlighting the progress made in the legal Three in every ten and policy arena, in political representation, and in lowering gaps in education.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and the Web Bridging the Internet Gap and Creating New Global Opportunities in Low and Middle-Income Countries
    Women and the Web Bridging the Internet gap and creating new global opportunities in low and middle-income countries Women and the Web 1 For over 40 years Intel has been creating technologies that advance the way people live, work, and learn. To foster innovation and drive economic growth, everyone, especially girls and women, needs to be empowered with education, employment and entrepreneurial skills. Through our long-standing commitment to helping drive quality education, we have learned first-hand how investing in girls and women improves not only their own lives, but also their families, their communities and the global economy. With this understanding, Intel is committed to helping give girls and women the opportunities to achieve their individual potential and be a power for change. www.intel.com/shewill For questions or comments about this study, please contact Renee Wittemyer ([email protected]). Dalberg Global Development Advisors is a strategy and policy advisory firm dedicated to global development. Dalberg’s mission is to mobilize effective responses to the world’s most pressing issues. We work with corporations, foundations, NGOs and governments to design policies, programs and partnerships to serve needs and capture opportunities in frontier and emerging markets. www.dalberg.com For twenty-five years, GlobeScan has helped clients measure and build value-generating relationships with their stakeholders, and to work collaboratively in delivering a sustainable and equitable future. Uniquely placed at the nexus of reputation, brand and sustainability, GlobeScan partners with clients to build trust, drive engagement and inspire innovation within, around and beyond their organizations. www.globescan.com Women and the Web 3 FOREWORD BY SHELLY ESQUE Over just two decades, the Internet has worked a thorough revolution.
    [Show full text]
  • In Uganda, but Full Equality with Men Remains a Distant Reality
    For more information about the OECD Development Centre’s gender programme: [email protected] UGANDA www.genderindex.org SIGI COUNTRY REPORT Social Institutions & Gender Index UGANDA SIGI COUNTRY REPORT UGANDA SIGI COUNTRY Uganda SIGI Country Report The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this document are the sole property of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the OECD, its Development Centre or of their member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. © OECD 2015 UGANDA SIGI COUNTRY REPORT © OECD 2015 FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Uganda’s economic and political stability over the past two decades has brought unprecedented opportunities to address social inequalities and improve the well-being of citizens. Investments in key human development areas have reaped benefits in poverty reduction, and seen some improvements on a range of socio-economic indicators: but is everyone benefiting? Ugandan women and girls have partially benefited from these trends. New laws and measures to protect and promote women’s economic, political and human rights have been accompanied by impressive reductions in gender gaps in primary and secondary education and greater female political participation. Yet, wide gender gaps and inequalities remain, including in control of assets, employment and health. Economic development may have improved the status quo of women in Uganda, but full equality with men remains a distant reality. Tackling the discriminatory social norms that drive such gender inequalities and ensuring that women can equally benefit from Uganda’s development were twin objectives of this first in-depth country study of the OECD Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI).
    [Show full text]
  • The Norms Factor: Recent Research on Gender, Social Norms, and Women's
    The norms factor Recent research on gender, social norms, and women’s economic empowerment Rachel Marcus Photo: Scott Wallace / World Bank THE NORMS FACTOR: RECENT RESEARCH ON GENDER, SOCIAL NORMS, AND WOMEN’S ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT Rachel Marcus, Overseas Development Institute © 2018 International Development Research Centre This paper was commissioned by IDRC through the GrOW program to review and put in context recently-supported research on social norms and the interaction with women’s economic empowerment. Opinions stated in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of IDRC or the GrOW funders. AUTHOR’S ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Many thanks to Gillian Dowie, Arjan de Haan, Caroline Harper, and Maria Stavropoulou for comments on previous versions, and to Georgia Plank and Ciara Remerscheid for research assistance. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Rachel Marcus is Senior Research Fellow at the Overseas Development Institute. She specialises in evidence reviews on gender, social norms, youth and adolescence, and in recent years has focused on formal and informal education and women’s and girls’ empowerment. She is a lead advisor on the Advancing Learning and Innovation in Gender Norms (ALIGN) project. ABOUT THE GROW PROGRAM The Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women (GrOW) program is a multi-funder partnership between the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development, the Hewlett Foundation, and the International Development Research Centre. www.idrc.ca/grow ABOUT IDRC CONTACT Part of Canada’s foreign affairs and development International Development Research Centre efforts, IDRC invests in knowledge, innovation, and PO Box 8500, Ottawa, ON solutions to improve lives and livelihoods in the Canada K1G 3H9 developing world.
    [Show full text]
  • Impacts of AIDS on Women Uganda
    Impacts of Abstract AIDS on This paper discusses the broad impacts of AIDS on women in Uganda. An extensive literature review and analysis demonstrate that not only is Women. the risk ofHIV-infection and AIDS higher for women than for men in lD Uganda, individual and social impacts of the disease on Ugandan society disproportionately affect women. Both afflicted and non­ Uganda afflicted women are greatly affected by the AIDS scourge through their multiple roles as individuals, caregivers, and mothers. Research by demonstrates that AIDS in Uganda presents severe socioeconomic implications for women as well as a higher risk for infection due to cultural expectations, subordinate status, and patriarchy in the society. Valerie Durrant About the Author Utah State Valerie L. Durrant recently completed her M.S. in Sociology at Utah University State University. Her thesis was entitled "AIDS Prevention: Applying the Theory of Reasoned Action to Sexual Abstinence and Condom Use." She spent a year in Kampala, Uganda, working with AIDS orphans in 1991-1992. She is currently a doctoral student of Sociology at the University of Maryland at College Park. Working Paper #249 October 1994 Women and International Development Michigan State University 202 lntemational Center, East Lansing, Ml 48824-1035 Phone: 517/353-5040, Fax: 517/432-4845 Email: [email protected], Web: http.//www.isp.msu.edulwid See back page for ordering information and call for papers Copyright 1994 MSU Board of Trustees Impacts of AIDS on Women in Uganda Introduction Illness and death caused by AIDS are taking a big toll on Ugandan society. The World Health Organization estimates that 20 to 30 percent of the adults in Kampala, the capital city of Uganda, are mv infected (Van De Walle 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Uganda 2017 Human Rights Report
    UGANDA 2017 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Uganda is a constitutional republic led since 1986 by President Yoweri Museveni of the National Resistance Movement (NRM) party. In February 2016 voters re- elected Museveni to a fifth five-year term and returned an NRM majority to the unicameral parliament. The elections fell short of international standards and were marred by allegations of disenfranchisement and voter intimidation, harassment of the opposition, closure of social media websites, and lack of transparency and independence in the Electoral Commission. The periods before, during, and after the elections were marked by a closing of political space, intimidation of journalists, and widespread use of torture by the security agencies. Civilian authorities maintained effective control over the security forces. On December 20, Parliament passed a bill removing presidential age limits from the constitution, and on December 27, President Museveni signed the bill, thereby paving the way for him to run for another term. During the period before passage of the bill, the government limited freedoms of speech and assembly. The most significant human rights issues included unlawful killings and torture by security forces; harsh prison conditions; arbitrary detention; restrictions on freedoms of press, expression, assembly, and political participation; official corruption; and criminalization of same-sex consensual sexual conduct, including security force harassment and detention of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex persons. The government was reluctant to investigate, prosecute, or punish officials who committed human rights violations, whether in the security services or elsewhere in government, and impunity was a problem. Section 1. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Gender Measures on Maternal and Child Health in Africa
    Influence of Gender Measures on Maternal and Child Health in Africa MEASURE Evaluation TECHNICAL REPOrt Influence of Gender Measures on Maternal and Child Health in Africa by Kavita Singh, Shelah Bloom, Paul Brodish MEASURE Evaluation is funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through Cooperative Agreement GHA-A-00-08-00003-00 and is implemented by the Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, in partnership with Futures Group International, ICF Macro, John Snow, Inc., Management Sciences for Health, and Tulane University. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States government. TR-11-81 (August 2011). i Influence of Gender Measures on Maternal and Child Health in Africa Table of Contents Executive Summary iii Chapter 1 Introduction and Background 1 1.1 Importance of the Topic 1 1.2 Gender Equality Measures and Health Outcomes 5 1.3 Gender Measures and Low BMI (Maternal Health Outcome) 6 1.4 Gender Measures and Facility Delivery (Utilization of Maternal 7 Health Services) 1.5 Gender Measures and Immunization Services and Treatment for 7 ARIs (Utilization of Child Health Services) Chapter 2 Data and Descriptive Analysis 9 2.1 Available Gender Measures—Autonomy and Social Norms 9 2.2 Outcome Measures 12 2.3 Socioeconomic Variables 14 Chapter 3 Bivariate Analysis 15 3.1 Bivariate Analysis for Low BMI 15 3.2 Bivariate Analysis for Facility Delivery 16 3.3 Bivariate Analysis for Fully Immunized Child 17 3.4 Bivariate
    [Show full text]
  • Women in Africa Assert Their Rights
    Special Edition www.un.org/africarenewal United Nations Department of Public Information Women in Africa assert their rights Battling for equality on all fronts Taking on violence against women Does financing benefit African women? Contents 2012 Special Edition on Women Formerly ‘Africa Recovery’ Introduction 3 African women: asserting their rights Struggle for rights, equality 4 ‘Renewed energy for women’s empowerment’ 7 African women’s long walk to freedom 9 Battling for equality on all fronts 12 NEPAD embraces women’s rights Political empowerment 14 African women are ready to lead 16 Women storm onto Rwanda’s political stage 17 Three women laureates African women themselves are at the 18 North African women on the barricades forefront of the march towards equality. Combating violence UN Photo / Christopher Herwig 21 Taking on violence against women 24 Security reform key to protecting women Improving health 27 Investing in the health of Africa’s mothers In Africa, AIDS often has a woman’s face 30 This special edition of Africa Renewal was 33 Gender violence hampers AIDS fight produced in collaboration with, and the generous support of, UN Women. Economic empowerment 34 Does financing benefit African women? Editor-in-Chief Masimba Tafirenyika 37 Women struggle to secure land rights 41 Tapping women’s entrepreneurship in Ghana Managing Editor Ernest Harsch Resources 43 Resources on women Writers André-Michel Essoungou Kingsley Ighobor Note on original sources In this special edition, all but two of the articles (on pages 17 and 30) were previously published in Africa Research and Media Liaison Renewal, although most have been revised and updated with more recent information.
    [Show full text]