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• opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 1 COLLEGIUM News of the College of Europe - Nouvelles du Collège d’Europe Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 Special Edition Proceedings of the Conference Integrated security in Europe, a democratic perspective Bruges, 14 – 17 November 2001 Hosted by The Minister of the Interior, H.E. Antoine Duquesne The Directorate-General Enlargement of the European Union Organised by The European Institute for Law-Enforcement Co-operation and The College of Europe An initiative under the authority of the Belgian EU-Presidency July – December 2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 2 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 1 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 The responsibility of the views expressed in the Collegium belongs to the authors. Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 2 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 3 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 Integrated security in Europe, a democratic perspective Bruges, 14 – 17 November 2001 Hosted by The Minister of the Interior, H.E. Antoine Duquesne The Directorate-General Enlargement of the European Union Organised by The European Institute for Law-Enforcement Co-operation and The College of Europe An initiative under the authority of the Belgian EU-Presidency July – December 2001 Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 4 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 5 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 Contents Foreword 7 Dr. Marc Vuijlsteke Conference Opening Speech 8 H.E. Minister Antoine Duquesne The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: Institutional and Substantial Dynamics in the perspective of the European Union 11 Prof. Dr. Jorg Monar The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in the perspective of the Member States 25 Dr. Christoph Ehrentraut From Networks to Institutions … or Vice Versa? Opportunities for Good Governance in EU Police Co-operation 36 Dr. Monica den Boer Judicial Co-operation in the European Union 44 Prof. Dr. John A.E. Vervaele Data Protection in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice 51 Prof. Dr. Bart De Schutter Presentation Pro EUROJUST 56 Mrs Michèle Coninsx How can Europol assist in the effective organisation of measures against transnational European crime? 65 Dr. Willy Bruggeman Committee P., External Supervision over the Police Forces 73 Dr. Hugo Coveliers Democratic Control by the European Parliament in relation to Control of Justice and Home Affairs 78 Dr. Steve Peers National Parliamentary Control on Justice and Home Affairs Policy Making 84 Prof. Dr. Erik Jurgens The Relevance of the ECHR and the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU for the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice 90 Prof. Dr. Stefan Trechsel Interactions between Common Foreign- and Security Policy related to Civil Crisis Management 108 Mrs Cesira D’Aniello 5 Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 6 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 Schengen and Integration of Schengen in the European Union with a View to Enlargement 113 Mr Luc Vandamme REPORTS OF THE CONFERENCE 119 Session one: Policy-making in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice Dr. Letizia Paoli and Ms Christine Stockhammer Session two: Police and Judicial Co-operation in the European Union Dr. Otto von der Gablentz and Ms Nadine Thwaites Session three: Constitutional and ethical principles of democratic control on national and European Institutions Mr André Vandoren and Mr Roland Klages Session four: Integrated Security: Cross-Pillar Approach and Enlargement Prof. Dr. Dieter Mahncke and Mr Christopher Reynolds Building an Area of Freedom, Security and Justice in the EU: Noises from a Crowded Construction Site 135 Conclusion by Dr. Monica den Boer Programme of the Conference 139 CV Speakers 142 List of Speakers 148 6 Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 7 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 Foreword Dr. Marc Vuijlsteke For more than 50 years, the College of Europe has organised a Masters’ Programme in European Affairs in Bruges – and since 1994 in Poland, Natolin, as well. Each and every year young students from more than 30 nationalities are given the academic experience of learning to live and work in an increasingly integrated Europe. At the same time, we also have the ambition to function as a platform, as a Forum, open to discussion on Europe, where academics, practitioners and decision-makers can meet, discuss freely and confront their opinions, and where policies can be shaped or, at the very least, where policies can be proposed. Today, once again, we are happy and proud to provide you with this opportunity. As a society-oriented institute, EULEC aims at making a practical contribution to the development of co-operation in the Justice and Home Affairs related domains of Prevention and Education, Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice, Legal Development and Human Rights. As such, it has developed a unique expertise and a substantial network regrouping at an international level the main actors in these domains. Thus, it was only natural for us to embark with them on this adventure, nearly one ago. Security, crime prevention and repression, and a fair and well-functioning judicial system are impor- tant and sensitive issues for the citizen. The fact however that this field of activities is designated as “Home Affairs” and that it is dealt with by the Minister of the “Interior” indicates quite clearly its clas- sical confinement to national territory and national policy. It is only in recent years that co-operation between states has started to grow and that it became ap- parent that here again trans-national and trans-border solutions had to be found in order to tackle common problems. What had originally constituted a more or less ad hoc co-operation with little for- mal requirements, was codified and somewhat institutionalised with the Maastricht Treaty providing us with the Third Pillar, co-operation in Justice and Home Affairs. At the time, this was considered an important step forward, although one talked only of “co-operation”, not of “integration”. Nevertheless, the impetus was given and today we are already much farther. Since Amsterdam and Nice, “Justice and Home Affairs” have become more and more central to our reflection on the con- struction of Europe, not least under the pressure of the on-going enlargement process. That said, one has to recognise that somewhere there is a tension – maybe even a dichotomy – between on the one hand the principles of liberalism culminating in that of the Four Freedoms, and on the other hand the justified need for internal security and judicial protection. A balance has to be found. For sure, this conference did not give us all the answers but, in any case, we have tried to bring together a wide variety of actors in these matters and in the pages that follow you will find their ideas and proposals, as well as the result of the subsequent discussions and debates. In the light of the events of September 11th, this conference is indeed very timely and stresses once again the paramount need for co-operation and integration in those matters. We should like to hope that the proceedings you will read bring a substantial contribution to this debate. 7 Collegium n° 22 - XII.2001 • opmaak vr PDF 26-02-2002 15:51 Pagina 8 Integrated Security in Europe, a democratic perspective, 14-17 Nov. 2001 Conference Opening Speech By H.E. Antoine Duquesne, Minister of the Interior, Belgium Ladies and gentlemen, I am delighted to open this conference today in a magnificent town, such as Bruges. As you may know, in 2002, Bruges will take up the function of cultural capital of Europe. Do not hesitate to explore this beautiful town, if you find some time. First of all, I would like to welcome the numerous participants, particularly those from the appli- cant countries. Indeed, the Belgian presidency has always tried, in the midst of all the European authorities and each time it has been possible, to associate as much as possible the representatives of those who will soon be our partners within the Union. Their place is at our side because the Europe of tomorrow is being built every day from now on. So, I take advantage of the opportu- nity of wishing them a hearty welcome and to thank them for their presence. I also want to pay them a tribute for the hard work they are accomplishing in a variety of domains – I have had the occasion to witness it myself. The task is tough but their determination is great and thus they must receive our understanding and our full support. I always say to the repre- sentatives of the applicant countries: the current enlargement is not a gift, but it is the expression of a mutual commitment, it is a contract between real partners. As you all know, this conference has been on the agenda for a long time. Because of the latest ter- rorist attacks in New York and Washington, today’s and tomorrow’s theme has become extreme- ly current. Nevertheless, the topicality of the theme does not simplify the mission. This conference should not constitute a free-thinking exercise, but it should lead on the one hand to the realisation of concrete recommendations and practical, useful answers.