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A Review at Storage Systems and Pipelining Sigar Yogesh et al.; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology ISSN: 2454-132X Impact factor: 4.295 (Volume 4, Issue 6) Available online at: www.ijariit.com A review at storage systems and pipelining Yogesh Sigar Shubham Malhotra Soyal Sharma [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Shetty Manvith P. Sanjeevi [email protected] [email protected] VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh Madhya Pradesh ABSTRACT An external storage device is a device that contains all the addressable storage that is not inside computers main memory. It has types including removable and non-removable, permanent and non-permanent. External storage is often used to store information that's accessed less frequently by applications running on a desktop, laptop, server or mobile devices, such as an Android or iOS smartphone or tablet. When moving large amounts of data to the cloud, providers will usually use external storage devices in a practice commonly referred to as cloud seeding. Pipelining is an implementation technique in which more than one instruction is overlapped in execution. The computer pipeline is divided into stages. Each stage performs and finishes a part of an instruction in parallel. The stages are related and connected one to the next to form a pipe - instructions enter at one end, progress through the stages, and exit at the other end. Pipelining does not decrease the time span essential for individual instruction execution. Instead, it enhances instruction throughput. The throughput of the instruction pipeline is estimated and evaluated by how often an instruction exits the pipeline. Under these constraints, the progress rate from pipelining equals the number of pipe stages. Usually, the stages will not be accurately well balanced; besides, the pipelining itself involves some overlook on the inner aspect. Pipelining is usually viewed as reducing the C.P.I. (Cycles Per Interval) Keywords— Storage systems, Cloud, RAM, ROM, Magnetic disks, Optical drives, Pipelines, Instruction, Software, graphic, HTTP 1. INTRODUCTION An external storage system is made by combining capabilities of external storage devices such as hard drives and adding components of hardware and software to obtain a reliable, high performance and easy to manage storage system [1]. Now an external storage device also known as secondary or auxiliary storage is devices which contain all the addressable data which is not in the computer mainframe storage. It can be removable or non-removable, temporary or permanent and wired or wireless. [2]. Imbedding concurrency in a computer system by implementing it in the form of a pipeline is called pipelining. Which is a configuration of independent autonomous units? All of them are dedicated to performing a subfunction in an overlapped mode with each other. A segment or an autonomous unit of a pipeline is also known as a facility-segment or a pipeline segment. This technique has emerged as a vital aspect of computer architecture especially where scientifically oriented computers are concerned [3]. A data pipeline is a set of data processing element which is connected in series, in this way output of the previous element is input to the next one. Most of the time these elements are executed in a parallel or time-sliced fashion. A little amount of buffer storage can be included in between of the elements. The computer-related pipeline includes: Instruction pipelines Graphic pipelines Software pipelines HTTP pipelines [4] © 2018, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page | 141 Sigar Yogesh et al.; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 2. EXTERNAL STORAGE SYSTEM Computer data storage also termed as storage or memory is defined as the technical knowledge of recording media and computer components that are persistently used to retain digital data and cloud storage systems is commonly used [26-35]. It is the main and most important function of computers. THE CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT also termed as CPU of a computer is an external device which can plot the data by performing various computations [5]. The first storage device was launched into the market by IBM in the year 1956. Since from that very moment we are able to see a very huge progress in the field of hard disk drive (HDD) and this also known as the base of the industry of storage systems. These systems are being constructed by obtaining a storage device that is HDD and further adding layers of software and hardware in order to get a highly reliable, high performance and easily manageable device. They are also known as storage subsystems. Due to the increase in the modern technologies over the period of time, storage systems have started including advanced technologies which further add a good value to the HDD. They even support a variety of added services, management systems, and interface alternatives. Due to this, they are also considered up as the parts of the storage system [6]. 2.1 Cache It is defined as the storage space or buffer which is a high-speed memory device that keeps high-speed data from the processor before it is being sent to the RAM. RAM works at a very slow rate as compared to the processor that send the data. 2.2 Random Access Memory It is also called RAM. It is defined as an integrated circuit memory chip that allows the information to be stored or used and the data is being used by the operating system and other programs which our computer system is still in use. RAM can be termed to be said as volatile in nature, meaning that it exists only while the system is switched on and changes along with the systems immediate requirements. It is accessed with high speed of the computer system and software and keeps data and applications along with the programs. The graphic user interface also termed as GUI is stored in the RAM. Once our system is turned off, RAM is cleared and only start up again when our system is rebooted. It holds constructs and caching regions which further constitute a wealth of state related information. Thus, the availability of that data, along with the techniques to further recover it, gives us a new method for an investigation [7]. External storage is further being classified in various parameters that are: Magnetic Storage Optical storage which further includes: Compact Disc DVD Blu-Ray M-Disc Flash memory devices which further includes: Memory Card Memory Stick USB Drives [8] 2.3 Magnetic Storage 2.3.1 Magnetic Disk Recording the data onto a disk has a peak advantage over the access time as the head a readily be moved to an appropriate place of the disk as compared to the tape which needs to be rewound or advanced. There are two types of disk that are floppy and hard disk. The basic principle of manufacturing and recording on a floppy disk are very similar to that of a magnetic tape that is the same particulate materials on a plastic substrate [9]. 2.4 Optical Data Storage From the last decade, we are able to see the boom in optical techniques for data storage. They attain notably high storage density and low access time further not attainable by conventional recording techniques. At present, inspire of the lack of widespread commercial sources of optical recording, some unique devices have successfully been demonstrated. Video recording is one of the applications of knowledge accumulated through the development of optical data storage. It is observed that optical storage technology will be treated as a competitive contender for next-generation data storage if conventional magnetic memory technology reaches its limit [10] 2.4.1 Compact disc: It is an optical disc data storage which was co-developed by Sony and Philips in the year 1982. It was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but later. It was adopted for data storage as well. Several various formats of the compact disc also came into picture including write-once audio and data storage (CD-R), rewritable media (CD- RW), video compact disc (V-CD) and many more. Though it was debuted on the market in 1982. They were further able to store up to 74 minutes of the high quality of music and even termed up as CD - Audio. They were supposed to be associated with the music industry and had taken up a good place in the music market. Also, as the disc was supposed to be 4.72-inch plastic disc, even though programmable as well as durable, could only perform the task of read-only [11] © 2018, www.IJARIIT.com All Rights Reserved Page | 142 Sigar Yogesh et al.; International Journal of Advance Research, Ideas and Innovations in Technology 2.4.2 DVD: Also termed as digital versatile disc. It is an optical recording medium with the storage capacity seven times higher than the conventional compact disc. This has only been possible because of the use of optics, shorter wavelength and larger numerical aperture which further reduces the spot diameter by a factor of 1.65 [12] 2.4.3 Blu-ray: It is called the next generation optical disc format jointly developed by the blue ray disc association (BDA), which is the group of world’s leading consumer electronics, personal computer, and media Manufacturers. It was developed to create a recording, rewriting and playback of high definition video, and large storing amounts of data [13]. 2.5 Flash Memory Devices Flash memory is defined as a nonvolatile memory chip which is further used for storage as well as transferring of data between a personal computer and a digital device.
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