External Storage Devices a Storage Device Is Used in the Computers to Store the Data
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Storage & Accessories Product Catalogue
Storage and Accessories Product Catalogue www.verbatim.com ABOUT VERBATIM Verbatim is a group company of Mitsubishi Chemical, one of the world’s largest chemical companies. For almost 50 years, the Verbatim brand has been at the forefront of the evolution in data storage technology and remains one of the most recognisable and respected names in the industry. Not only is Verbatim the world’s No 1 supplier of optical media (Blu-ray, DVD and CD), it also markets external hard drive storage solutions, SSDs, USB drives, memory cards, and a wide range of related accessories. The company has a strong reputation as a trusted global supplier providing quality products backed up by a fast and reliable service. Verbatim also has a significant presence in the LED lighting market, where it develops and sells a wide range of LED lamps and luminaires for offices, hotels, restaurants and domestic use. Many of the lighting products have been developed by the Mitsubishi Chemical R&D team, resulting in LEDs with world class thermal management, high colour rendering and low glare. Another Verbatim business category to have benefited from this development expertise is 3D Printing, where Verbatim has recently introduced a range of high quality filaments incorporating unique materials from Mitsubishi Chemical. Further information on these two exciting business categories can be found on www.verbatim.com. OPTICAL MEDIA MDisc .................................4 Blu-ray ................................5 DVD ..................................5 CD ....................................6 Professional Optical Media ...............7 Optical Writers .........................8 CD/DVD Cases .........................8 OPTICAL FLASH MEMORY MEDIA USB Drives .............................9 Solid State Drives (SSD). .12 FLASH Flash Memory Cards. -
Active@ Boot Disk User Guide Copyright © 2008, LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC
Active@ Boot Disk User Guide Copyright © 2008, LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. All rights reserved. No part of this documentation may be reproduced in any form or by any means or used to make any derivative work (such as translation, transformation, or adaptation) without written permission from LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. reserves the right to revise this documentation and to make changes in content from time to time without obligation on the part of LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. to provide notification of such revision or change. LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. provides this documentation without warranty of any kind, either implied or expressed, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. LSOFT may make improvements or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this documentation at any time. All technical data and computer software is commercial in nature and developed solely at private expense. As the User, or Installer/Administrator of this software, you agree not to remove or deface any portion of any legend provided on any licensed program or documentation contained in, or delivered to you in conjunction with, this User Guide. LSOFT.NET logo is a trademark of LSOFT TECHNOLOGIES INC. Other brand and product names may be registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders. 2 Active@ Boot Disk User Guide Contents 1.0 Product Overview .......................................................................................................... -
Active@ UNDELETE Documentation
Active @ UNDELETE Users Guide | Contents | 2 Contents Legal Statement.........................................................................................................5 Active@ UNDELETE Overview............................................................................. 6 Getting Started with Active@ UNDELETE.......................................................... 7 Active@ UNDELETE Views And Windows...................................................................................................... 7 Recovery Explorer View.......................................................................................................................... 8 Logical Drive Scan Result View..............................................................................................................9 Physical Device Scan View......................................................................................................................9 Search Results View...............................................................................................................................11 File Organizer view................................................................................................................................ 12 Application Log...................................................................................................................................... 13 Welcome View........................................................................................................................................14 Using -
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems
Chapter 3. Booting Operating Systems Abstract: Chapter 3 provides a complete coverage on operating systems booting. It explains the booting principle and the booting sequence of various kinds of bootable devices. These include booting from floppy disk, hard disk, CDROM and USB drives. Instead of writing a customized booter to boot up only MTX, it shows how to develop booter programs to boot up real operating systems, such as Linux, from a variety of bootable devices. In particular, it shows how to boot up generic Linux bzImage kernels with initial ramdisk support. It is shown that the hard disk and CDROM booters developed in this book are comparable to GRUB and isolinux in performance. In addition, it demonstrates the booter programs by sample systems. 3.1. Booting Booting, which is short for bootstrap, refers to the process of loading an operating system image into computer memory and starting up the operating system. As such, it is the first step to run an operating system. Despite its importance and widespread interests among computer users, the subject of booting is rarely discussed in operating system books. Information on booting are usually scattered and, in most cases, incomplete. A systematic treatment of the booting process has been lacking. The purpose of this chapter is to try to fill this void. In this chapter, we shall discuss the booting principle and show how to write booter programs to boot up real operating systems. As one might expect, the booting process is highly machine dependent. To be more specific, we shall only consider the booting process of Intel x86 based PCs. -
Use External Storage Devices Like Pen Drives, Cds, and Dvds
External Intel® Learn Easy Steps Activity Card Storage Devices Using external storage devices like Pen Drives, CDs, and DVDs loading Videos Since the advent of computers, there has been a need to transfer data between devices and/or store them permanently. You may want to look at a file that you have created or an image that you have taken today one year later. For this it has to be stored somewhere securely. Similarly, you may want to give a document you have created or a digital picture you have taken to someone you know. There are many ways of doing this – online and offline. While online data transfer or storage requires the use of Internet, offline storage can be managed with minimum resources. The only requirement in this case would be a storage device. Earlier data storage devices used to mainly be Floppy drives which had a small storage space. However, with the development of computer technology, we today have pen drives, CD/DVD devices and other removable media to store and transfer data. With these, you store/save/copy files and folders containing data, pictures, videos, audio, etc. from your computer and even transfer them to another computer. They are called secondary storage devices. To access the data stored in these devices, you have to attach them to a computer and access the stored data. Some of the examples of external storage devices are- Pen drives, CDs, and DVDs. Introduction to Pen Drive/CD/DVD A pen drive is a small self-powered drive that connects to a computer directly through a USB port. -
Chapter 9: Peripheral Devices—Overview D a 2/E
C S Chapter 9: Peripheral Devices—Overview D A 2/e Magnetic disk drives: ubiquitous and complex Other moving media devices: tape and CD ROM Display devices Video monitors: analog characteristics Video terminals Memory mapped video displays Flat panel displays Printers: dot matrix, laser, inkjet Manual input: keyboards and mice A to D and D to A converters: the analog world Computer Systems Design and Architecture Second Edition © 2004 Prentice Hall C S Tbl 9.1 Some Common Peripheral Interface D Standards A 2/e Bus Standard Data Rate Bus Width Centronics ~50KB/s 8-bit parallel EIA RS232/422 30-20K B/s bit-serial SCSI 10-500 MB/s 16-bit parallel Ethernet 10-1000 Mb/s bit-serial USB 1.5-12 Mb/s bit-serial USB-2 480 Mb/s bit-serial FireWire† 100-400 Mb/s bit-serial FireWire-800† 800 Mb/s bit-serial †Also known as Sony iLink, or IEEE1394 and 1394b, respectively Computer Systems Design and Architecture Second Edition © 2004 Prentice Hall C S Disk Drives—Moving Media Magnetic D Recording A 2/e High density and non-volatile Densities approaching semiconductor RAM on an inexpensive medium No power required to retain stored information Motion of medium supplies power for sensing More random access than tape: direct access Different platters selected electronically Track on platter selected by head movement Cyclic sequential access to data on a track Structured address of data on disk Drive: Platter: Track: Sector: Byte Computer Systems Design and Architecture Second Edition © 2004 Prentice Hall C S Fig 9.3 Cutaway View of a Multi-Platter -
Diskgenius User Guide (PDF)
www.diskgenius.com DiskGenius® User Guide The information in this document is subject to change without notice. This document is not warranted to be error free. Copyright © 2010-2021 Eassos Ltd. All Rights Reserved 1 / 236 www.diskgenius.com CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 6 Partition Management ............................................................................................................. 6 Create New Partition ........................................................................................................ 6 Active Partition (Mark Partition as Active) .............................................................. 10 Delete Partition ................................................................................................................ 12 Format Partition ............................................................................................................... 14 Hide Partition .................................................................................................................... 15 Modify Partition Parameters ........................................................................................ 17 Resize Partition ................................................................................................................. 20 Split Partition ..................................................................................................................... 23 Extend -
Reliable Storage Media for Electronic Records a Guide for Government Agencies
Illinois Secretary of State October 2014 Reliable Storage Media for Electronic Records A Guide for Government Agencies Modern computer systems use a wide variety of storage media to store and access electronic data. What media is used depends on a number of factors, but cost, speed of access and ease of use are common drivers of selection decisions. Often overlooked are concerns of long-term reliability and sustainability. Electronic records are vulnerable to degradation or loss if not maintained in an appropriate storage environment which takes into consideration media reliability and guards against technological obsolescence. To say that media is reliable is to indicate that it can be trusted to preserve and provide access to data stored on it over time. While no storage medium can guarantee reliability and sustainability, certain media formats have distinct advantages over others in this regard. Understanding a media format’s strengths, weaknesses and expected life span allows IT managers to appropriately protect the data stored on that media. No storage media alone can ensure the preservation of electronic records. Selecting appropriate media is one part of a greater preservation strategy which includes using sustainable file formats, actively managing files over time, planning for future technology change and securing adequate resources to support preservation activities. The below factors should play a part in the selection of any storage media for electronic records. 1) Durability: Durability is a factor representing the ability of electronic storage media to withstand wear and environmental conditions. Corruption (data rot) can occur as the electrical charge, magnetic orientation, or physical material degrades, causing unintended changes or loss of data. -
External Memory
William Stallings Computer Organization and Architecture 6th Edition Chapter 6 External Memory Types of External Memory • Magnetic Disk —RAID —Removable • Optical —CD-ROM —CD-Recordable (CD-R) —CD-R/W —DVD • Magnetic Tape Magnetic Disk • Disk substrate coated with magnetizable material (iron oxide…rust) • Substrate used to be aluminium • Now glass —Improved surface uniformity – Increases reliability —Reduction in surface defects – Reduced read/write errors —Lower flight heights (See later) —Better stiffness —Better shock/damage resistance Read and Write Mechanisms • Recording and retrieval via conductive coil called a head • May be single read/write head or separate ones • During read/write, head is stationary, platter rotates • Write — Current through coil produces magnetic field — Pulses sent to head — Magnetic pattern recorded on surface below • Read (traditional) — Magnetic field moving relative to coil produces current — Coil is the same for read and write • Read (contemporary) — Separate read head, close to write head — Partially shielded magneto resistive (MR) sensor — Electrical resistance depends on direction of magnetic field — High frequency operation – Higher storage density and speed Inductive Write MR Read Data Organization and Formatting • Concentric rings or tracks —Gaps between tracks —Reduce gap to increase capacity —Same number of bits per track (variable packing density) —Constant angular velocity • Tracks divided into sectors • Minimum block size is one sector • May have more than one sector per block Disk Data Layout -
Operating Systems Disk Management
Operating Systems Disk Management Disks, SSDs, RAID, Caching Peter R. Pietzuch [email protected] Disks have come a long way... • IBM 305 RAMAC (1956) – First commercial hard disk: 4.4MB – Footprint: 1.5 m2 – Price: $160,000 • Toshiba 0.85” disk (2005) – Capacity: 4GB – Price: <$300 1 Disk Evolution • Capacity increases exponentially – Access speeds not so much... (why?) 2 Disk Evolution http://www.anandtech.com/show/9866/hard-disk-drives-with-hamr-technology-set-to-arrive-in-2018 3 What is driving demand? Eric Brewer. https://www.usenix.org/sites/default/files/conference/protected-files/fast16_slides_brewer.pdf 4 Disk Storage Devices 5 Tracks and Cylinders Track Track Cylinder Track Track 6 Sample Disk Specification Parameter IBM 360KB Seagate floppy disk Barracuda ST3400832AS No. of cylinders 40 16,383 Tracks / cylinder 2 16 Sectors / track 9 63 Bytes / sector 512 512 Sectors / disk 720 781,422,768 Disk capacity 360KB 400GB 7 Sector Layout • Surface divided into 20 or more zones – Outer zones have more sectors per track – Ensures that sectors have same physical length – Zones hidden using virtual geometry 8 Disk Addressing • Physical hardware address: (cylinder, surface, sector) – But actual geometry complicated è hide from OS • Modern disks use logical sector addressing (or logical block addresses LBA) – Sectors numbered consecutively from 0..n – Makes disk management much easier – Helps work around BIOS limitations • Original IBM PC BIOS 8GB max • 6 bits for sector, 4 bits for head, 14 bits for cylinder 9 Disk Capacity • Disk capacity -
File Allocation Table - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Page 1 of 22
File Allocation Table - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1 of 22 File Allocation Table From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia File Allocation Table (FAT) is a file system developed by Microsoft for MS-DOS and is the primary file system for consumer versions of Microsoft Windows up to and including Windows Me. FAT as it applies to flexible/floppy and optical disc cartridges (FAT12 and FAT16 without long filename support) has been standardized as ECMA-107 and ISO/IEC 9293. The file system is partially patented. The FAT file system is relatively uncomplicated, and is supported by virtually all existing operating systems for personal computers. This ubiquity makes it an ideal format for floppy disks and solid-state memory cards, and a convenient way of sharing data between disparate operating systems installed on the same computer (a dual boot environment). The most common implementations have a serious drawback in that when files are deleted and new files written to the media, directory fragments tend to become scattered over the entire disk, making reading and writing a slow process. Defragmentation is one solution to this, but is often a lengthy process in itself and has to be performed regularly to keep the FAT file system clean. Defragmentation should not be performed on solid-state memory cards since they wear down eventually. Contents 1 History 1.1 FAT12 1.2 Directories 1.3 Initial FAT16 1.4 Extended partition and logical drives 1.5 Final FAT16 1.6 Long File Names (VFAT, LFNs) 1.7 FAT32 1.8 Fragmentation 1.9 Third party -
R-Linux User's Manual
User's Manual R-Linux © R-Tools Technology Inc 2019. All rights reserved. www.r-tt.com © R-tools Technology Inc 2019. All rights reserved. No part of this User's Manual may be copied, altered, or transferred to, any other media without written, explicit consent from R-tools Technology Inc.. All brand or product names appearing herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders. R-tools Technology Inc. has developed this User's Manual to the best of its knowledge, but does not guarantee that the program will fulfill all the desires of the user. No warranty is made in regard to specifications or features. R-tools Technology Inc. retains the right to make alterations to the content of this Manual without the obligation to inform third parties. Contents I Table of Contents I Introduction to R-Linux 1 1 R-Studi.o.. .F..e..a..t.u..r.e..s.. ................................................................................................................. 2 2 R-Linux.. .S..y..s.t.e..m... .R...e..q..u..i.r.e..m...e..n..t.s. .............................................................................................. 4 3 Contac.t. .I.n..f.o..r.m...a..t.i.o..n.. .a..n..d.. .T..e..c..h..n..i.c.a..l. .S...u..p..p..o..r.t. ......................................................................... 4 4 R-Linux.. .M...a..i.n.. .P..a..n..e..l. .............................................................................................................. 5 5 R-Linu..x.. .S..e..t.t.i.n..g..s. .................................................................................................................. 10 II Data Recovery Using R-Linux 16 1 Basic .F..i.l.e.. .R..e..c..o..v..e..r.y.. ............................................................................................................ 17 Searching for.