Täter werden – Täter sein. Erfahrungen mit Tätergeschichten
Sara Berger
Belzec: 500.000 vic ms (March - December 1942) Districts Lublin District Galicia District Krakow District Radom
Sobibor: 200.000 vic ms (May 1942 – October 1943) Districts Lublin District Galicia Germany Austria Slovakia Theresienstadt Netherlands France Belarus Lithuania
Treblinka: 900.000 vic ms (July 1942 – August 1943) districts Radom district Warsaw district Lublin Theresienstadt Germany Adm. district Bialystok Greece Yugoslavia
Monthly victims of Belzec, Sobibor and Treblinka
250000 Belzec
200000 Sobibor
Treblinka 150000
100000
50000
0 Juli42 Juli43 Mai42 Mai43 Apr. 42 Apr. 43 Apr. Okt. 42 Okt. 43 Okt. Juni42 Juni43 Jan.43 Nov. 42 Nov. Feb. 43 Dez.42 Aug.42 Sep.42 Aug.43 Sep.43 März42 März43 Treblinka, by Samuel Willenberg „Auffanglager“, campo di raccolta (Samuel Willenberg) „Lazarett“ (Samuel Willenberg) „Auffanglager“, campo di raccolta (Samuel Willenberg) Treblinka – Album Kurt Franz Treblinka – Album Kurt Franz „Trawniki“ at Belzec Grafeneck
Hadamar Brandenburg
Bernburg Sonnenstein
Hartheim
SS-Sonderkommando at Belzec Chris an Wirth (1885-1944); 1941-1942 Commander of Belzec, then general inspector of the Ak on Reinhardt camps Go ried Hering (1887-1945), commander of Belzec Franz Stangl (1908-1971), commander of Sobibor and Treblinka
Kurt Franz (1914-1998), at Belzec, than vicecommander of Treblinka Irmfried Eberl (1910-1947) commander of Treblinka Decades of Birth
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0 Birthplaces Membership in National Socialist Organizations
SS Of these: SA NSDAP No unknown (and SA, SS as main (and (and others) membership NSDAP) profession NSDAP) in NS- and drafted Organization by the SS s per war duties
Gesamtes 43 Mind. 20 25-26 21 1 30 Netzwerk
Belzec 17 Mind. 13 7 3 0 10
Sobibor 20 Mind. 8 14 6 1 14
Treblinka 16 Mind. 9 12 14 0 14 Professions before war
Police- SS men Craftsmen, F a r m e r Nurses Car-Administ Guards men i n , worker and Driver ration concentra butcher tion camps Belzec 5 9 9 0 7 2-3 2 Sobibor 4 6 21 1 10 6 3 Treblinka 3 5 19 5 14 + 2 2 2 medico Totale 10 10 39 10 27 + 1 9-10 7-8 2 = 8,2% = 8,2% = 32,2% = 8,2% = 23% = 8,2-9% = = 1,7% 5,8-6,6%
Experiment on obedience by Stanley Milgram
E: Experimenter
T: „Teacher“
L: „Learner“
Defendant Sentence Trial (District Court ) Erich Hermann Bauer Death sentence, changed to life Berlin, 8.5.1950 (Sobibor) imprisonment Hubert Gomerski Life imprisonment (* changed to 15 years Frankfurt (Main), 25.8.1950 (Sobibor) in later trial, not confirmed, then unable to proceed) Johann Klier Acquittal Josef Hirtreiter Life imprisonment Frankfurt (Main), 3.3.1951 (Treblinka)
Josef Kaspar Oberhauser 4 year 6 months München I, 21.1.1965 (Belzec)
Kurt Hubert Franz Life imprisonment Düsseldorf, 3.9.1965 (Treblinka) Heinrich Arthur Matthes Life imprisonment Willi Mentz Life imprisonment August Wilhelm Miete Life imprisonment Gustav Münzberger 12 years Otto Stadie 7 years Franz Suchomel 6 years Erwin Hermann Lambert* 4 years Franz Otto Rum 3 years Richard Otto Horn Acquittal Karl August Wilhelm Frenzel Life imprisonment Hagen, 20.12.1966 (Sobibor) Kurt Bolender Suicide during trial Franz Wolf 8 years Fritz Erich Fuchs 4 years Jakob Alfred Ittner 4 years Karl Werner Dubois 3 years Erwin Hermann Lambert* 3 years Robert Emil Franz Jührs Acquittal Erich Gustav Willi Lachmann Acquittal Hans-Heinz Friedrich Schütt Acquittal Heinrich Unverhau Acquittal Ernst Zierke Acquittal Franz Stangl Life imprisonment Düsseldorf, 22.12.1970 (Sobibor – Treblinka)
Trial on Sobibor at Hagen, 1965-1966
Trial on Treblinka at Düsseldorf, 1964-1965