8.0 Cumulative Impacts CEQ regulations implementing NEPA require the The evaluation of cumulative impacts was Lake Artemesia (constructed during the completion assessment of cumulative impacts in the decision accomplished using 4 steps; of Metrorail’s Green line) is a man-made lake in making process for Federal projects. Cumulative College Park and Berwyn Heights located south and impacts are defined as “the impact on the environment Step 1 - Identify Affected Resources, downstream of the Greenbelt Alternative along Indian which results from the incremental impact of the action Creek. The lake covers 38 acres and is part of the when added to other past, current, and reasonably Step 2 - Identify appropriate spatial and temporal Lake Artemesia Natural Area that includes aquatic foreseeable future actions regardless of what agency boundaries for each resource, gardens, fishing piers, and hiker-biker trails. or person undertakes such other actions” (40 CFR Step 3 - Identify cumulative action scenario, and 1508.7). As stated in the CEQ handbook, Considering Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) is the largest agricultural research complex in the world Cumulative Effects Under the National Environmental Step 4 - Cumulative impact analysis: determine the covering 6,600-acres of which several thousand acres Policy Act, cumulative impacts should be analyzed in combined impact of the proposed alternative and the is preserved as farmland. The research center house terms of the specific resource, ecosystem, and human other identified actions of the cumulative scenario. community being affected and should focus on effects approximately 1,300 people in four buildings with more that are truly meaningful (CEQ 1997b). Cumulative than 365,000 SF of space and is located north of the impacts are considered for all alternatives, including 8.1 Greenbelt Greenbelt Alternative. the No-action Alternative. M Square / Maryland and Research Park is located Cumulative impacts are most likely to arise when a 8.1.1 Projects Contributing to within a 293-acre transit district at College Park/ relationship or synergy exists between the Proposed Potential Cumulative Impacts University of Maryland (HUB zone). The building Action and other actions expected to occur in a contains 2.5 million SF of public and private research similar location or during a similar time period. Actions Cumulative effects were evaluated for major labs. Various companies in the computer science, overlapping with or in proximity to the Proposed infrastructure projects or private developments that are mathematics, engineering, physical and life sciences, Action at each site alternative and the JEH parcel geographically related to the Greenbelt Alternative and biotechnology, and linguistics sectors are housed in would be expected to have more potential for a that prominently contribute to the overall character of the Research Loop. The $500 million M Square is relationship than those with a greater degree of the area. In order for a future project to be included in set to become the largest research park in the State spatial separation. Likewise, actions closer in time the cumulative impact analysis, it must have received of Maryland and one of the largest in the country. to the Proposed Action at each site alternative would development approval from the Maryland National Construction began in 2004, and full build-out is be expected to have more potential for a relationship Capital Park and Planning Commission (MNCPPC). expected at a future date. than those with a greater degree of temporal This analysis refers to these projects as reasonably separation. Cumulative impacts were determined by foreseeable projects. 8.1.1.2 Current Ongoing and Reasonably combining the impacts for each alternative with other Foreseeable Projects past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future 8.1.1.1 Past Projects actions that would also result in beneficial or adverse The South Core portion of Greenbelt Station is an impacts. Therefore, it was necessary to identify The Greenbelt Metro Station was developed in 1993 87-acre transit-oriented, mixed-use infill project with actions in the vicinity of each site alternative and and is located northwest of the Greenbelt Alternative. 350 townhomes, 550 apartments, and 180,000 SF of the JEH parcel that could contribute to cumulative This station serves both Metrorail and MARC. It has retail, located southwest of the Greenbelt Alternative. impacts for the resources discussed in this EIS. a parking lot with 3,300 spaces. The station has two Phase I is currently under construction. The construction The greater the impacts determined under each high-level platforms that are handicap accessible, but schedule for Phase II is currently unknown. alternative, the more they contribute to the cumulative no buildings, restrooms, telephones, ticket kiosks or impacts identified for each resource. heaters. The Greenbelt Alternative is a portion of the existing parking lot for the station.

U.S. General Services Administration 593 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Figure 8- 1: Greenbelt Cumulative Projects The North Core portion of Greenbelt Station is a 8.1.2 Cumulative Impacts Analysis proposed transit-oriented development that would spur commercial revitalization and pedestrian- oriented improvements along the MD 193 corridor 8.1.2.1 Earth Resources around the Greenbelt Metro Station, and currently There would be no measurable long-term impacts to includes the Greenbelt Alternative. If the Greenbelt Greenbelt geology or topography under the Greenbelt Alternative, Alternative is selected, the development of the North Metrorail therefore there would be no measurable cumulative Core would be scaled back to include 800 apartment Station impacts. The majority of the impacts to geologic units, 100,000 SF of retail, 350,000 SF of office Capital Office Park (North) resources would be short-term, limited in geographic space; and a 300-room hotel. The development would extent, and associated with the construction phase be placed between the western edge of the Greenbelt North Capital Office Park (South) at the site, and would include indirect impacts to the Alternative and the Greenbelt Metro station. Core subsurface through rock ripping (the break up and removal of rock material with an excavator) or drilling Capital Office Park sites are located on Cherrywood footers. Lane north of the Ivy Lane intersection just off the South Capital Beltway, and at the southwest corner of Similarly, because potential impacts to soil resources Core Cherrywood Lane and MD 201. A seven-building from the Greenbelt Alternative would be limited to the business park and an on-site upscale hotel with general footprint of the project, and there would no conference facilities is proposed for the Capital Park long-term impacts, there would not be any cumulative (North) site, which was previously an agricultural impacts to soils. The majority of the potential impacts field. Overall, the larger site would include 300,000 to soil resources are short-term, limited in geographic SF of general office space. The Capital Park (South) extent, and associated with the construction phase site is located adjacent to an Maryland Department only. Soil disturbance associated with the North of Transportation (MDOT) salt dome, would include and South Core Greenbelt Station development Lake 46,000 SF general office space. Artemesia would occur close in time and space as the consolidation of FBI HQ at this site and would result A map of all past or currently ongoing and reasonably in short-term, adverse impacts to soils. However, foreseeable projects in the vicinity of the Greenbelt the implementation of erosion and sedimentation Alternative are shown in figure 8-1. control plans and other BMPs, and compliance with applicable permits, would minimize short-term cumulative impacts to soils.

8.1.2.2 Water Resources

Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions would result in adverse impacts to water M Square resources. The development of the Greenbelt Metro Station in 1993 permanently impacted wetlands and floodplains surrounding the Greenbelt Alternative. Much of the southern portion of the existing Greenbelt Metro Station parking lot was formerly part of the 100-year floodplain and contained a large emergent Site Boundary 0 2,000 4,000 wetland (FEMA 1989; USFWS 2010). The addition P Current and Reasonably Foreseeable Development I Feet of impervious surface for the parking lot reduced stormwater infiltration at the site and impacted P Past Development 1 inch = 3,000 feet stormwater drainage. Two stormwater ponds were Beltsville Agricultural Research Center constructed to handle the runoff. Sources: ESRI (2013), GSA (2013), FC OCR (2014)

U.S. General Services Administration 594 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement The BARC preserves thousands of acres of land Compliance with applicable water quality and 8.1.2.3 Biological Resources as agricultural land. Keeping the land free from stormwater standards and use of appropriate development benefits water resources such as sediment and erosion control and stormwater BMPs Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future stormwater hydrology and, indirectly, surface waters would minimize impacts of all projects during and actions that could impact biological resources and wetlands that would be impacted by changes to after construction. Implementation of stormwater include the development of the South Core portion of stormwater drainage, volume, and associated pollution management practices should address flooding risks Greenbelt Station, Capital Office Park at Cherrywood carried in runoff. associated with potential urban drainage flooding. Lane north of the Ivy Lane intersection, and Capital Floodplain disturbance would be mitigated with BMPs Office Park at the southwest corner of Cherrywood Construction of all projects would temporarily disturb and management plans. These practices would Lane and MD 201. The Indian Creek watershed and soils and increase the potential for pollution of minimize adverse impacts to water resources. As a associated habitat has been and continues to be surrounding surface waters and wetlands from sediment result, overall impacts to water resources from past, transformed into a more developed area. The majority and construction-related pollutants. Construction of present, and reasonably foreseeable projects would of developed land in the area consists of streets, these projects would create more impervious surface be long-term and adverse. The Greenbelt Alternative parking lots, and buildings (houses, apartments, and modify stormwater drainage patterns. would have a minimal contribution to the overall shopping centers, schools, and offices). Additional cumulative impacts, because improvements in the development on undeveloped land would have adverse Portions of the originally planned North Core hydrologic regime expected under the Greenbelt impacts to vegetation and wildlife and would contribute development at the Greenbelt Station would be Alternative would limit adverse impacts to Indian Creek to cumulative impacts. constructed on the existing impervious surface of the and downstream resources through improvements in station’s parking lot. This project would result in short- stormwater quality and quantity, and preserve existing The development of the South Core portion of term, adverse impacts from a potential decrease in wetlands and floodplains on the site. Greenbelt Station and extension of Greenbelt water quality of surrounding resources. Development Station Parkway, and the portion of the North Core of the South Core portion of Greenbelt Station would development at Greenbelt Station outside of the disturb undeveloped land, create impervious surface, Greenbelt Alternative would have no measurable and impact the preliminary 100-year floodplain and impacts to aquatic species because the project area NWI wetlands. Portions of the braided Indian Creek would not directly affect aquatic species and indirect cross through the northern portion of the South Core impacts would be mitigated by BMPs for stream footprint. Construction of the South Core would resources. There would be adverse impacts to result in adverse impacts from decreased water vegetation and terrestrial species due to destruction quality in surrounding surface waters and wetlands of habitat, increased human activity, and the and temporary alteration of stormwater drainage. construction of a habitat barrier through the Indian Long-term, adverse impacts to surface water and Creek watershed. Impacts to vegetation would be stormwater hydrology and floodplains from permanent partially mitigated by requirements under Maryland’s disturbances would be mitigated and minimized Forest Conservation Act. Adverse impacts to special through permits, mitigation measures, BMPs, and status species may occur as a result of the occurrence management plans as discussed in Chapter 4. of the state-listed endangered trailing stitchwort near the Greenbelt Alternative. Avoidance and mitigation Both Capital Office Park projects would disturb measures would minimize these potential impacts. undeveloped land and create impervious surface. The Capital Office Park site on Cherrywood Lane north of the Ivy Lane intersection would directly impact wetlands and 100-year floodplain according to NWI data and preliminary floodplain data. Implementation of this action would result in short-term impacts to surface waters and stormwater hydrology and long-term impacts to wetlands and floodplains. The Capital Office Park site on the southwest corner of Cherrywood Lane and MD 201 would have adverse impacts to stormwater hydrology.

U.S. General Services Administration 595 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement The development of the Capital Office Park at 8.1.2.4 Land Use 8.1.2.6 Cultural Resources Cherrywood Lane north of the Ivy Lane intersection would have adverse impacts to terrestrial species, The projects considered for the cumulative impacts There would be no measurable impacts to cultural and potentially special status species because habitat analysis all entail redevelopment of existing parcels resources under the Greenbelt Alternative, therefore would be destroyed and species would be temporarily in the vicinity of the Greenbelt Alternative. These there would be no measurable cumulative impacts. displaced. Mitigation measures, such as avoiding projects, in conjunction with the development of the species’ breeding periods, would be implemented. Greenbelt Alternative, would contribute to and facilitate 8.1.2.7 Socioeconomics and There would be adverse impacts to vegetation economic growth and fulfill the vision for land use in because the turf grass would be cleared, paved, and the Greenbelt area. It is assumed that the surrounding Environmental Justice developed. The impact to vegetation would be partially developments, as well as the redevelopment of mitigated by Maryland’s Forest Conservation Act. No the Greenbelt Alternative, would occur either in The development of the BARC and the M Square / impacts to aquatic species would be expected because accordance with applicable local land use controls Maryland and Research Park likely had long-term, there is no on-site aquatic habitat. There would be or through consultation with regulatory agencies to beneficial and adverse impacts to population, housing, adverse impacts to vegetation because the forested help ensure future development would adhere to or income, employment, taxes, schools, community area would be cleared, paved, and developed. The be compatible with local state, and federal land use services and facilities, environmental justice, impact to vegetation would be partially mitigated by planning and development policies. As a result, overall and children in Prince George’s County and the Maryland’s Forest Conservation Act. cumulative impacts to land use would be beneficial. Washington, D.C. MSA. The development of these The Greenbelt Alternative would have a moderate past projects likely caused short-term impacts during As discussed in Section 5.2.3, the Greenbelt contribution to the overall cumulative impacts because their construction as a result of construction spending Alternative would result in adverse impacts ranging it would fulfill the vision of multiple land use plans for and long-term impacts as a result of employment from short- to long-term. Overall, there would be the North Core, while it would also disagree with some and population changes that occurred because of adverse cumulative impacts associated with the aspects. these projects. Because the exact change in total Greenbelt Alternative in conjunction with other past, employment or population attributable to these projects is unknown, it is not possible to know the present, and reasonably foreseeable future actions. 8.1.2.5 Visual Resources The Greenbelt Alternative would minimally contribute exact cumulative impact to socioeconomic resources that these projects, in conjunction with the impacts to the overall cumulative impacts. The area near the Greenbelt Metro Station consists from the Greenbelt Alternative, have had and would of residential neighborhoods dispersed throughout have on Prince George’s County and the Washington, wooded areas. Existing building height is less than 3 D.C. MSA. However, these projects occurred in the stories. Future development, including development past and most of their impacts are already reflected of both the South and North Core portion of Greenbelt in the existing conditions. Because the impacts Station and the Greenbelt Alternative, would result in to socioeconomic resources from the Greenbelt densities and building heights significantly higher than Alternative are not anticipated to be significant, the existing development. The density at the Greenbelt overall impact of these past projects in combination Alternative and current/future development would be with the impacts from the Greenbelt Alternative would apparent because of the existing split between paved result in indirect, short- and long-term, adverse and lot and wooded area. beneficial impacts. Some cumulative resource impacts, Additionally, much of the surrounding area is wooded such as impacts to housing, are unknown at this time, or agriculture, including property associated with the as insufficient information exists about this alternative’s BARC. Overall, when combined with the impacts of potential impacts on these resources. the Greenbelt Alternative, present and reasonably foreseeable future actions would result in direct, long-term, major adverse impacts related to the aesthetics of the area.

U.S. General Services Administration 596 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement The South Core portion of Greenbelt Station could 8.1.2.8 Public Health and Safety Construction activities at the Greenbelt Alternative impact population, housing, income, employment, would include spill prevention and response taxes, schools, community services and facilities, Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future procedures, hazardous materials handling protocols, environmental justice, and children in close proximity actions that could impact public health and safety and worker safety measures to minimize the potential to the Greenbelt Alternative as a result of an increase at the Greenbelt Alternative include the South Core for adverse health and safety impacts. Greenbelt to the permanent population and hotel-guests around portion of the Greenbelt Station; the Capital Office Alternative would disturb approximately 30 acres of this site and their spending and visitation of resources Park development located at Cherrywood Lane north land and would result in potential impacts to water in the area around the site. This project’s impacts, of the Ivy Lane intersection; and the Capital Office quality related to runoff of sediment and construction- in combination with impacts from the Greenbelt Park development located at the southwest corner of related pollutants from the site. This would create Alternative, could result in indirect, short-term, and Cherrywood Lane and MD 201. potential short-term, adverse impacts to public health beneficial impacts to employment and spending in and safety during construction. These potential impacts Prince George’s County and the Washington, D.C. Construction-phase worker safety protocols, spill would be mitigated through the implementation of MSA; short-term, adverse impacts to populations prevention and response measures, and hazardous an erosion and sedimentation control plan, which is living in proximity to the projects’ sites as a result materials handling procedures would minimize the required for construction activity pollution prevention as of construction noise and air quality impacts; no risk of short-term, adverse impacts related to life a prerequisite for LEED certification (USGBC 2009). measurable impact to schools would occur in the safety and hazardous materials. Construction of these Washington, D.C. MSA; there would be unknown projects would temporarily disturb soils and increase Over the long-term, the additional residential impacts to community and recreation facilities within the potential for runoff of sediment and construction- populations associated with the North Core and South one-mile of the project site as a result of insufficient related pollutants into surrounding wetlands and Core developments as well as the additional daytime information about potential impacts to these resources; surface waters. It is unknown whether any of the populations and commercial activity associated with M short-term impacts to community services in Prince aforementioned projects would have potential to Squared, North Core, and Capital Office Park would George’s County while these services adjust to the discharge contaminants into nearby water bodies as result in additional demand for fire, emergency and change in serviced population; and long-term and a result of stomwater runoff. Since the Capitol Office police services. Prince George’s County Police and beneficial impacts to tax revenues in Prince George’s Park Capital Park North development is located Fire and Emergency Services would address any County, recreation resources, and community facilities on a former agricultural site and the Capital Office capacity issues as part of their long range planning, as a result of increased funding of these resources. Park South site is located adjacent to an MDOT salt resulting in no measurable long-term impacts. dome, there exists the possibility that soil disturbance Indirect, short-term, beneficial cumulative impacts associated with these projects could mobilize Overall, when combined with the impacts from the would be expected from all current and future contaminants. However, all of the aforementioned Greenbelt Alternative, past, present, and reasonably construction activities around the Greenbelt Alternative projects would be required by law to obtain a State of foreseeable future actions would result in short-term, for the same reasons previously stated for past Maryland General or Individual Permit for Stormwater adverse cumulative impacts and no long-term, projects. Construction could provide direct employment Associated with Construction Activity before beginning cumulative impacts to public health and safety. opportunities for construction workers as well as earth disturbance on the first part of the project, indirect employment for support workers within Prince because they would all disturb more than one acre George’s County and the Washington, D.C. MSA. The of ground. Therefore, it is expected that any potential Greenbelt Alternative, in combination with construction discharge of contaminants through stormwater runoff of the North Core portion of Greenbelt Station, and would be mitigated. other office park sites located in close proximity to the Greenbelt Alternative, represent contributions to the overall short-term and beneficial cumulative impacts to the economy, employment, and income.

No environmental justice cumulative impacts or cumulative impacts to children are anticipated.

U.S. General Services Administration 597 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement 8.1.2.9 Transportation 8.1.2.10 Air Quality 8.1.2.11 Noise

As presented in Chapter 5, the 2022 No-action or There is potential for adverse cumulative impacts to It is anticipated that identified current and planned Action Landover Alternative or Action Springfield air quality during construction if the North Core and/ projects have the potential to impact the noise Alternative (referred to as the Greenbelt No-build or South Core Greenbelt Station developments are environment of the Greenbelt Alternative and adjacent Condition in the transportation section) vehicular under construction at the same time as the Greenbelt area in a manner similar to that described for the analysis for transportation considered the projected Alternative. Because of the proximity of the Greenbelt Greenbelt Alternative in Chapter 5. Each of the growth in the region based on the future planned Station development sites to the Greenbelt Alternative, identified projects would have short-term, adverse developments, background growth, and changes the combined emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 could impacts to noise primarily as a result of construction in travel patterns resulting from planned roadway create elevated concentrations in localized areas of activities associated with the development/ improvements as agreed in the Greenbelt Alternative sensitive receptors. The intensity of impacts would redevelopment of the projects. Indirect, long-term Transportation Agreement (Appendix A). The transit be highly dependent on the exact details of the noise impacts would result from the combined effects analysis for transportation considered the projected construction sequence for the FBI HQ and the North of adding a major government campus along with growth in the region based on the MWCOG’s travel and South Core Greenbelt Station projects, all of mixed-use, residential, commercial or retail as well demand model. These sources provide an estimate which are currently not known. Impacts would be as associated traffic. These impacts would most of future vehicle and transit trips through 2022 and minimized because all major projects in the area would likely be minor and would be consistent with existing include reasonably foreseeable projects. incorporate construction air quality BMPs. noise uses, compatible with existing city of Greenbelt noise regulations, and would not substantially change The greatest cumulative impacts for the 2022 Build No long-term operational air quality cumulative impacts the overall ambient noise levels of the area. Overall Condition were studied as part of the transportation are anticipated. Stationary source impacts would be cumulative impacts to noise would be both short and analysis, which relied on regional growth. The study addressed through the appropriate stack design for long-term and adverse. The Greenbelt Alternative evaluated each transportation mode. There would be emissions sources associated the consolidated FBI would contribute slightly to the overall increase in cumulative impacts from the Greenbelt Alternative as HQ campus, and locating building fresh air intakes noise. follows: direct, long-term, adverse traffic impacts; direct away from potential areas of air quality impact. In long-term, adverse parking impacts; direct, long-term, terms of mobile source impacts, future development adverse transit capacity impacts; and no measurable was considered in the development of the traffic data 8.1.2.12 Infrastructure and Utilities impacts to pedestrian, transit bus operations, bicycle, used in the intersection air quality impact screening. Cumulative, long-term, adverse impacts to and truck impacts. The recommended mitigation in infrastructure and utilities would be expected under Section 5.2.9 would minimize the adverse traffic and the Greenbelt Alternative when combined with other transit bus operations impacts such that they would be past, present, and reasonably foreseeable projects. an improvement over the No-action Alternative, and Short-term, adverse impacts to electric service, therefore direct, long-term, and beneficial. natural gas service, steam service, water service, sanitary sewer collection service, and stormwater management systems would be expected as a result of increased demand and the associated infrastructure improvements, extensions, and upgrades required to keep pace with demand.

Upgrades to the utility network would not likely be required; however, extension of water supply, wastewater, and electric power utilities to the site would be required for the Greenbelt Alternative, resulting in direct, short-term, adverse cumulative impacts. Over the long-term, no continuing deficiencies in utility services are expected, as any necessary improvements would ensure service levels remain at acceptable levels.

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U.S. General Services Administration 599 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement 8.2 Landover Figure 8- 2: Landover Cumulative Projects 8.2.1 Projects Contributing to Largo Town Center Metro Station is located in Lake Arbor, Maryland, at Lottsford Road and Largo Town Potential Cumulative Impacts Center. The station opened in 2004 and is an island Cumulative effects were evaluated for major platform style with 2,200 parking spaces for cars. infrastructure projects or private developments that are Boulevard at the Capital Centre is an open-air geographically related to the Landover Alternative and shopping center in Landover, Maryland, located on that prominently contribute to the overall character of the site of the former Capital Centre. It opened in the area. In order for a future project to be included in 2003 next to the Largo Town Center Metro Station the cumulative impact analysis, it must have received and houses more than 70 establishments in 485,000 development approval from the Maryland National SF of space. Capital Park and Planning Commission (M-NCPPC). This analysis refers to these projects are reasonably Landover Mall operated between 1972 and 2002. foreseeable projects. As of December 2014, all facilities associated with Landover Mall have been demolished. A portion of this Woodmore 8.2.1.1 Past Projects site is being considered for the consolidation of FBI HQ Hunters Towne Centre under the Landover Alternative. Ridge - Phase II FedExField opened in 1997 with a capacity of 79,000 to 91,000 (depending on the point in time). There are 22,000 parking spaces in 8 different lots and a 8.2.1.2 Current and Reasonably Landover Mall Balk Hill dedicated exit off I-495. The stadium and parking areas Foreseeable Projects (demolished) Village cover approximately 5.6 million SF. Surrounding the field is a residential development and the Cholson Woodmore Towne Centre is a 245-acre mixed-use Brightseat King Middle School. development that will include retail, residential, hotel, Road Property Property and office space in Glenarden, Maryland, off of Jericho Christian Academy and Baptist Church was Landover Road. To date half of the project has been Jericho completed in 1997 and includes a six-building complex. built with the office space and majority of housing Prince George's Sports Christian Additional buildings were purchased in subsequent remaining. Full buildout information includes: 975,000 and Learning Complex Academy years, and include the Jericho Residences (270 units) SF general office; 50,000 SF retail; 560 apartment Largo Park and the Jericho Business Centre (24 warehouse units; 202 single family homes; 301 townhouses; and stalls and 150 offices). All of the buildings are located 360 room hotel. FedEx Field Englewood Business Park between Jericho City Drive and Arena Drive. Corporate Balk Hill Village located at Regent Park, adjacent Center Prince George’s Sports & Learning Complex was to Woodmore Towne Centre, has 300 single family Boulevard at the completed in 2004 and sits on approximately 80 acres homes on 310 acres in Mitchellville, Maryland. of land adjacent to FedExField. It features an outdoor Construction began in 2004. Balk Hill Village includes Morgan Blvd Capital Center Largo Town track, seating for 5,500 people, a lighted football field, 156 single family homes and 82 townhouses. Metro Center Metro and outdoor support building. King Property will include 202,000 SF retail; Morgan Boulevard Metro Station is located in 202,000 SF general office; and 210 age-restricted Summerfield, Maryland, on Garrett Morgan Boulevard apartment units. approximately 1 mile from FedExField. The station opened in 2004 and is an island platform style. The Hunters Ridge is located north of Landover Road Site Boundary 0 2,000 4,000 station has parking spaces for 635 cars. on the west side of 75th Street. The development will P Current and Reasonably Foreseeable Development I Feet have 284 townhouse and 39 condominiums. P Past Development 1 inch = 3,500 feet

Sources: ESRI (2013), GSA (2013) Prince George's County (2013), M-NCPPC (2014)

U.S. General Services Administration 600 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Largo Park (Lots 3 and 4 Block D) located on the 8.2.2 Cumulative Impacts Analysis extent, and associated with construction activities only. northwest corner of Lottsford Road and Arena Drive is Potential direct effects to soil resources include clearing, grading, trench excavation, backfilling, equipment a mixed use development that includes 318 apartment 8.2.2.1 Earth Resources units; 80,000 SF general office; 9,000 SF retail; and traffic at the site. Potential impacts could include direct, 10,000 SF restaurant. The projects considered for the cumulative impacts short-term impacts associated with soil erosion and soil analysis all entail development and redevelopment compaction and direct and indirect, short- to long-term Largo Park (Lot 5 Block B) located on the southeast of existing parcels in the vicinity of the Landover impacts associated with topsoil loss. As a result, overall corner of Landover Road and Lottsford Road will Alternative. The anticipated overall absence of cumulative impacts to soils would be temporary impacts house 144,000 SF of general office space. long-term or permanent impacts to geological during construction and any long-term impacts would resources indicates that cumulative effects to this be considered insignificant. The Landover Alternative Englewood Business Park (Lot 43) is located at resource area are not expected. Where long-term would not result in any significant cumulative impacts the southwest corner of McCormick and Lottsford or permanent impacts are absent, the potential for associated with soils because the project would be Roads. The development will include a 61,000 SF additive cumulative effects with other past, present, designed to meet current UBC and federal, state, and flex office with 50 percent general office and 50 and reasonably foreseeable future projects is local building and development regulations and codes. percent warehouse. also not measurable. The majority of the potential Therefore, the Landover Alternative would result in no significant contribution to cumulative impacts to earth is located at impacts to geological resources would be short-term, Englewood Business Park (Lot 27) resources. the northeast corner of Lottsford Road and Apollo limited in geographic extent, and associated with Drive. The development will include a 61,000 SF flex the construction phase at the Landover Alternative. office with 50 percent general office and 50 percent Potential impacts to geological resources could include 8.2.2.2 Water Resources warehouse. direct impacts to the subsurface through rock ripping (the break up and removal of rock material with an Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future Englewood Business Park (Lots 51 and 52) is excavator) or drilling footers. These activities would actions would result in adverse impacts to water located on the southwest corner of Lottsford Road and involve some disturbance and modification of limited resources. The past projects added impervious surface Lottsford Court where a 7,000 SF retail space will be areas of the shallow subsurface geology but would to the landscape and permanently altered stormwater developed. not have substantive impacts to the local geology. As hydrology. The present and reasonably foreseeable a result, overall cumulative impacts to geology would future actions include the development of undeveloped Englewood Business Park (Lots 31, 32, and be short-term in nature; however, given the nature of sites. Surface water and wetlands are in close 35) consists of four industrial/flex buildings, 9301 geologic resources, these short-term impacts would proximity to some of the projects. All projects would Peppercorn Place, 1441 McCormick Drive, 1220 not be measurable over the long-term. The Landover temporarily disturb soils and increase the potential for Caraway Court, and 1221 Caraway Court, located Alternative would not result in any cumulative impacts pollution of surrounding surface waters and wetlands in Largo, Maryland. The property will consist of four associated with site geology because the project from sediment and construction related pollutants. 1-story industrial/flex buildings totaling 256,877 SF with would be designed to meet current UBC and federal, Construction of these projects would create more parking for 743 vehicles. state, and local building and development regulations impervious surface and modify stormwater drainage and codes. Therefore, the Landover Alternative would patterns. Compliance with applicable water quality Corporate Center (Lot 4) is located on Brightseat make no significant contribution to cumulative impacts. and stormwater standards and use of appropriate Road and south of Arena Drive. The property will sediment and erosion control and stormwater BMPs consist of 123,000 SF of light industrial use space. Potential effects to soil resources from the Landover would minimize impacts during and after construction. Alternative are generally limited to within the site Implementation of stormwater management practices Brightseat Road Property is located near the boundary. As a result, the potential for additive should address flooding risks associated with potential southwest corner of Landover Road and Brightseat cumulative effects to these resources is also limited. The urban drainage flooding. Short-term, adverse impacts Road. The development will consist of 380 anticipated overall absence of long-term or permanent to stormwater hydrology would result from temporary apartment units. impacts to soil resources indicates that cumulative alteration of the existing stormwater drainage effects to this resource area are not expected. Where patterns during construction and long-term, adverse A map of all past or currently ongoing and reasonably long-term or permanent impacts are absent, the impacts would result from the increased impervious foreseeable projects in the vicinity of the Landover potential for additive cumulative effects with other past, surfaces. As a result, overall cumulative impacts to Alternative are shown in figure 8-2. present, and reasonably foreseeable future projects water resources would be adverse and the Landover is also negligible. The majority of the potential effects Alternative would have a marginal contribution to the to soil resources are short-term, limited in geographic overall cumulative impacts.

U.S. General Services Administration 601 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement 8.2.2.3 Biological Resources The development of the Corporate Center at Lot 4 8.2.2.5 Visual Resources would have adverse impacts to vegetation, terrestrial Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future species, and special status species as a result of tree The Landover Alternative exists in an area of actions that could impact biological resources under removal and the temporary displacement of species; suburban landscape with commercial and residential the Landover Alternative include the development of however, mitigation measures are available to avoid development interspersed with wooded areas. Current the Woodmore Towne Centre, Balk Hill Village, King species’ breeding periods and reduce the impacts to and future projects outline a plan of substantial Property at Lottsford Road and MD 202, Hunters vegetation through Maryland’s Forest Conservation development in the area, including large quantities Ridge, Largo Park (Lots 3, 4, and 5), Englewood Act. Adverse impacts to aquatic species may occur of office space, residential housing, commercial Business Park (Lots 27, 31, 32, 35, 43, 51, and 52), due to the nearby man-made lake; however, the space, and transportation expansion. These projects, the Corporate Center at Lot 4, and the Brightseat Road development does not directly intrude upon the lake in conjunction with the Landover Alternative would Property west of Iad Auto. The Landover area and its and indirect effects would be mitigated by applicable contribute to the trend of increased height and habitat have been and continue to be transformed into laws and regulations. density for a mix of uses. The Landover Alternative developed property. The majority of developed land in and other current or planned development are the area consists of streets, parking lots, and buildings. As discussed in Section 6.2.3, the Landover Alternative not incongruous with the visual character of the Additional development on undeveloped land would would contribute to impacts ranging from not surrounding area, but would adversely impact older, have adverse impacts to vegetation and wildlife, and measurable to short- and long-term adverse. Overall, existing residential neighborhoods whose character is would contribute to cumulative impacts. there would be direct, short- and long-term, adverse markedly different from the more recent development cumulative impacts to biological resources associated trends. Notwithstanding, notable past, current and The development of Woodmore Towne Centre, Balk with the Landover Alternative when considered reasonably foreseeable projects, including Woodmore Hill Village, Hunters Ridge, and the Englewood together with other past, present, and reasonably Town Center, Boulevard at Capital Center, Prince Business Park (Lots 31, 32, 35, 51, and 52) would foreseeable future actions. George’s County Sport and Learning Complex would have adverse impacts to terrestrial and special status improve the aesthetics within the area, and contribute species because species would be temporarily 8.2.2.4 Land Use to long-term, beneficial, cumulative impacts to visual displaced; however, mitigation measures are available resources, to which the Landover Alternative would to avoid species’ breeding periods. There would be The projects considered for the cumulative impacts contribute moderately. no impacts to aquatic species because there is no analysis all entail redevelopment of existing parcels in aquatic habitat on any of the sites. Adverse impacts to the vicinity of the Landover Alternative. These projects, 8.2.2.6 Cultural Resources vegetation would be expected because the forested in conjunction with the Landover Alternative, would areas would be cleared, paved, and developed. The contribute to and facilitate economic growth for land There would be no measurable impacts to cultural impact to vegetation would be partially mitigated by use in the Landover area. Surrounding development, resources under the Landover Alternative, therefore Maryland’s Forest Conservation Act. as well as the Landover Alternative, are anticipated to there would be no measurable cumulative impacts. occur either in accordance with applicable local land use The development of the King Property, Largo Park controls or through consultation with regulatory agencies 8.2.2.7 Public Health and Safety (Lots 3, 4, and 5), Englewood Business Park (Lots to help ensure future development would adhere to or 27 and 43), and the Brightseat Road Property would be compatible with Maryland land use planning and have adverse impacts to vegetation, terrestrial species, Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future development policies. As a result, overall cumulative actions that could impact public health and safety under and special status species as a result of tree removal impacts to land use would be beneficial and the and the temporary displacement of species; however, the Landover Alternative include the development of Landover Alternative would have a marginal contribution Woodmore Towne Centre, Balk Hill Village, the King mitigation measures are available to avoid species’ to the overall cumulative impacts to land use. breeding periods and reduce the impacts to vegetation Property, Hunters Ridge, Largo Park, Englewood through Maryland’s Forest Conservation Act. There Business Park, Corporate Center, and the Brightseat would be no impacts to aquatic species because there Road Property. Projects include the development are no aquatic habitat on the sites. of undeveloped sites as well as redevelopment of previously developed land. Short- and long-term cumulative impacts to public health and safety under the Landover Alternative, when considered together with these projects would be similar to those described for the Greenbelt Alternative in Section 8.2.2.8.

U.S. General Services Administration 602 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement As discussed in Chapter 6, the Landover Alternative The Woodmore Towne Centre, Balk Hill Village, King 8.2.2.9 Transportation would have short-term, adverse impacts to public Property, Hunters Ridge, Largo Park, Englewood health and safety. Overall, when combined with the Business Park, Englewood Business Park, Corporate As presented in Chapter 6, the 2022 No-action or impacts of the Landover Alternative, past, present, Center, and Brightseat Road Property would Action Greenbelt Alternative or Action Springfield and reasonably foreseeable future actions would impact population, housing, income, employment, Alternative (referred to as the Landover No-build result in short-term, adverse cumulative impacts and taxes, schools, community services and facilities, Condition in the transportation section) vehicular no long-term cumulative impacts to public health and environmental justice, and children in close proximity analysis for transportation considered the projected safety. The Landover Alternative would not contribute to the Landover Alternative as a result of an increase growth in the region based on the future planned substantially to cumulative impacts to public health and to the permanent population and hotel-guests developments, background growth, and changes safety. around this site and their spending and visitation of in travel patterns resulting from planned roadway resources and retail in the area around the site. These improvements as agreed in the Landover Site 8.2.2.8 Socioeconomics and projects’ impacts, in combination with impacts from Transportation Agreement (Appendix C). The transit the Landover Alternative, would result in indirect, analysis for transportation considered the projected Environmental Justice short-term, and beneficial impacts to employment growth in the region based on the MWCOG’s travel and spending in Prince George’s County and the demand model. These sources provide an estimate The construction of FedExField, Jericho Christian Washington, D.C. MSA; short-term, adverse impacts of future vehicle and transit trips through 2022 and Academy and Baptist Church, Prince George’s to populations living in proximity to the projects’ include reasonably foreseeable projects. Sports and Learning Complex, the Morgan Boulevard sites as a result of construction noise and air quality and Largo Town Center Metro Stations, and the impacts; no measurable impact to schools would occur The 2022 Build Condition included the addition of new Boulevard at the Capital Centre likely had long-term in the Washington, D.C. MSA; unknown impacts to person trips generated by the proposed FBI HQ based and beneficial and adverse impacts to population, community and recreation facilities within one-mile of on the maximum projected person trip generation housing, income, employment, taxes, schools, the project site as a result of insufficient information; following the agreed Landover Site Transportation community services and facilities, environmental short-term impacts to community services in Prince Agreement. The study considered the maximum justice, and children in Prince George’s County and George’s County while these services adjust to employee person trips and maximum mission briefing the Washington, D.C. MSA. The development of these the change in serviced population; and long-term, center person trips. The person trips were separated past projects likely caused short-term impacts during beneficial impacts to tax revenues in Prince George’s into vehicle, transit, bicycle, and pedestrian trips and their construction as a result of construction spending County, recreation resources and community facilities analyzed by mode. and long-term impacts as a result of employment as a result of increased funding of these resources. and population changes that occurred because of The greatest cumulative impacts for the 2022 Build these projects. Because the exact change in total Indirect, short-term, and beneficial cumulative Condition were studied as part of the transportation employment or population attributable to these projects impacts would be expected from all current and future analysis, which relied on regional growth. The study is unknown, it is not possible to know the exact construction activities around the Landover Alternative evaluated each transportation mode. Therefore, the cumulative impact to socioeconomic resources that for the same reasons previously stated for past cumulative impacts under the Landover Alternative, these projects, in conjunction with the impacts resulting projects. Construction would provide direct employment in addition to the past, present, and reasonably from the Landover Alternative, have had and would opportunities for construction workers as well as indirect foreseeable projects considered here, would result have on Prince George’s County and the Washington, employment for support workers within Prince George’s in direct, long-term, major, adverse traffic and bus D.C. MSA. However, these projects occurred in County and the Washington, D.C. MSA. The Landover transit operations impacts; direct long-term, adverse the past and most of their impacts are already Alternative, in combination with current and reasonably transit capacity and bicycle impacts; direct long-term, reflected in existing conditions. Because the impacts foreseeable projects located in close proximity to beneficial pedestrian and truck impacts; and no to socioeconomic resources from the Landover the project site represent contributions to the overall measurable direct parking impacts. The recommended Alternative are not anticipated to be significant, the beneficial, short-term, cumulative impacts to the mitigation in Section 6.2.9 would address the major overall impact of these projects in combination with economy, employment, and income. traffic and transit impacts and bicycle impacts the impacts from the Landover Alternative would result changing them from adverse to beneficial. There would in both short and long-term, indirect and adverse and There would be no environmental justice cumulative still remain a direct, long-term, major traffic impact beneficial impacts. Some cumulative resource impacts, impacts or cumulative impacts to children are anticipated. reflecting two failing Interstate facilities. such as impacts to housing, are unknown at this time, as insufficient information exists about this alternative’s potential impacts on these resources.

U.S. General Services Administration 603 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement 8.2.2.10 Air Quality 8.2.2.11 Noise

There is potential for cumulative impacts to air quality It is anticipated that identified current and planned during construction if the remaining portions of the projects have the potential to impact the noise Woodmore Towne Centre development is under environment of the Landover Alternative and adjacent construction at the same time as the FBI HQ. The area by increasing the overall noise levels through combined emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 could construction activities, increased traffic, or other create elevated concentrations in localized areas of human activities. Each of the identified past, present, sensitive receptors; however, this potential would and reasonably foreseeable projects would have be limited because the portion of Woodmore that is short-term, adverse impacts to noise associated not yet developed is the portion that is located the primarily with construction activities. Each of the farthest from the Landover Alternative. The intensity identified past, present, and reasonably foreseeable of impacts would be highly dependent on the exact projects would have temporary adverse impacts to details of the construction sequence for the FBI HQ noise associated primarily with construction activities. and the Woodmore Towne Centre projects, both of Indirect, long-term, cumulative noise impacts are likely which are currently not known. Impacts would be as a result of the additive effect of the expected noise minimized because all major projects in the area would level for each project. These impacts would most likely incorporate construction air quality BMPs. be minor and would be consistent with existing noise uses, compatible with existing city of Glenarden noise No long-term operational air quality cumulative impacts regulations, and would not substantially change the are anticipated. Stationary source impacts would be overall ambient noise levels of the area. Overall, there addressed through the appropriate stack design for would be both short- and long-term adverse cumulative emissions sources, and locating building fresh air impacts to noise. The Landover Alternative would intakes away from potential areas of air quality impact. contribute minimally to these impacts. In terms of mobile source impacts, future development was considered in the development of the traffic data used in the intersection air quality impact screening. 8.2.2.12 Infrastructure and Utilities Past projects have already been accounted for in terms of additional utility load and the need for infrastructure upgrades. Long-term, adverse, cumulative impacts to infrastructure and utilities would be expected when combined with the potential development projects in the vicinity of the Landover Alternative from the additional demand for utilities and the potential for service disruptions during construction of any necessary infrastructure upgrades. The Landover Alternative would contribute short-term, adverse impacts to wastewater, electric power, and natural gas during the extension of those utilities to the site and long-term, beneficial impacts to wastewater and stormwater collection.

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U.S. General Services Administration 605 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Figure 8- 3: Springfield Cumulative Projects 8.3 Springfield Cumulative effects were evaluated for major 8.3.1.2 Current Ongoing and Reasonably infrastructure projects or private developments that are Foreseeable Projects I-495 geographically related to the Springfield Alternative and "Mixing that prominently contribute to the overall character of Safford Automobile Dealership (Safford/Jennings Bowl" the area. In order for a future project to be included in Auto Dealers) is being built on a 28.8-acre site and will the cumulative impact analysis, it must have received house an 80,000 SF facility used for automobile sales. development approval from the Fairfax County The project is expected to be completed sometime in Department of Planning and Zoning. This analysis 2015. The proposed location for the development is refers to these projects are reasonably foreseeable along Loisdale Road and generally in the I-95 Industrial projects. Area Land Unit K of the Springfield Planning District. Springfield is planned to run on the Town 8.3.1 Projects Contributing to Frontier Drive Extension Center western portion of the Franconia-Springfield Metro Py Potential Cumulative Impacts Station property. Springfield Center Drive will be extended to Franconia-Springfield Parkway, renamed Frontier Drive Extension, and will turn into a new, Joe Alexander 8.3.1.1 Past Projects Transportation two-way, four-lane, divided road with a new entrance The Franconia-Springfield Metro Station, also known created to the station. Center Liberty View Py Py as the Joe Alexander Transportation Center, was Franconia - Office Park will be developed in completed in 1997, and is located in the Springfield/ Springfield Town Center Py Springfield multiple phases. Development will include interior and Franconia Business Area that is centered on the Patriot Ridge Springfield exterior renovation of the existing mall structure and Py intersection of the Capital Beltway (I-495), I-95, and I-395. Metro Center II removal of approximately 170,000 SF; development Frontier The center is built on a 35-acre tract of land and serves as - Phase I & II of approximately 120,000 SF for Homewood Suites Drive a station for VRE, Greyhound, TAGS bus service, and is with 165 guest rooms; improvements and building of Extension the southern terminus of the Metrorail Blue Line. The site restaurants (Panda Express, Chick-Fil-a, and Subway; also contains a 6-story, 3,856-space parking garage. Safford and construction of a 54,000 SF facility for the Metro National Automobile I-495 “mixing bowl” improvements took place Transit Police Department. Geospatial Dealership during a multi-phased project beginning in 1999. The will be developed on Agency interchange is identified as one of the nation’s largest, Springfield Metro Center II parcels adjacent to the Springfield Alternative, and busiest, and most dangerous. Nearly 430,000 vehicles will consist of a four-building office campus with per day pass the interchange. The project consists of 1,000,000 SF of space. Each building will be 250,000 50 bridges and flyovers and 21 lanes for I-95 between SF and 10 to 12 stories; and there will be a large Py the Capital Beltway and Franconia Road. shared parking garage. Belvoir Corporate The National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency is Campus is a three-phase project. Phase I will housed in a 2.3 million SF campus which opened in Patriots Ridge include a 244,000 SF, 8-story office building and a 2011, is the third-largest government building in the 1,300-space parking facility. Phase II will include a Washington metropolitan area. The location is the site 240,000 SF, 8-story Class A office building. Phase of an 8,500-member workforce. The facility is located III will include twin 8-story Class A office buildings on the Fort Belvoir North Area in Springfield, Virginia. totaling 240,000 SF. Site Boundary 0 2,000 4,000 Embassy Suites, near Fairfax County Parkway, was P I Feet Liberty View office park will house five buildings Current and Reasonably Foreseeable Development completed in 2013 with 219 rooms and a 5,700 SF totaling 875,000 SF, located at the corner of Franconia- 1 inch = 3,750 feet meeting space. P Past Development Springfield Parkway and Beulah Street.

Sources: ESRI (2013), GSA (2013) Fairfax County (2014), FC OCR (2014)

U.S. General Services Administration 606 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Belvoir Corporate Campus is a 24-acre site on The majority of the potential effects to soil resources substantially more vegetation and habitat, leading Loisdale Road planned for a 233,558 SF office park. would be short-term, limited in geographic extent, to direct, long-term, beneficial impacts to biological The campus will include twin asymmetric concrete and and associated with the construction phase under resources, as discussed in Section 7.2.3. However, glass curtain wall towers and a pedestrian plaza with the Springfield Alternative. Potential direct effects all of the past, present, and reasonably foreseeable outdoor meeting space. to soil resources include clearing, grading, trench projects with the exception of Springfield Town Center excavation, backfilling, and impacts from equipment would cause degradation to vegetation, and plant A map of all past or currently ongoing and reasonably traffic. Potential impacts could include direct, short- and animal habitat, because existing forest would foreseeable projects in the vicinity of the Springfield term impacts associated with soil erosion and soil cleared and developed. The beneficial impacts from parcel are shown in figure 8-3. compaction and direct and indirect, short-to long-term the Springfield Alternative would contribute minimally impacts associated with topsoil loss. As a result, to the overall short- and long-term cumulative adverse overall cumulative impacts to soils would be short-term impacts from the past, present, and reasonably 8.3.2 Cumulative Impacts Analysis during construction, and any long-term impacts would foreseeable projects. be considered insignificant. The Springfield Alternative 8.3.2.1 Earth Resources would not result in any significant cumulative impacts 8.3.2.4 Land Use associated with soils because the project would be The anticipated overall absence of long-term or designed to meet current Uniform Building Code (UBC) The projects considered for the cumulative impacts permanent impacts to geological resources from and Federal, state, and local building and development analysis all entail redevelopment of existing parcels the Springfield Alternative indicates that cumulative regulations and codes. Therefore, the Springfield in the vicinity of the Springfield Alternative. These effects to geology are minimal. The majority of the Alternative would result in no significant contribution to projects, in conjunction with the Springfield Alternative, potential effects to geological resources would occur cumulative impacts. would contribute to and facilitate economic growth over the short-term, would be limited in geographic for the land use in the area. It is assumed that the extent, and associated with the construction phase surrounding developments and the Springfield under the Springfield Alternative. Potential impacts 8.3.2.2 Water Resources Alternative would occur either in accordance to geological resources could include direct impacts There would be no measurable impacts to water with applicable local land use controls or through to the subsurface through rock ripping (the break up resources under the Springfield Alternative, therefore consultation with regulatory agencies to help ensure and removal of rock material with an excavator) or there would be no measurable cumulative impacts. future development would adhere to or be compatible drilling footers. These activities would involve some with Virginia land use planning and development disturbance and modification of the shallow subsurface policies. As a result, overall cumulative impacts to land geology but would not have substantive impacts to the 8.3.2.3 Biological Resources use would be beneficial and the Springfield Alternative local geology. As a result, overall cumulative impacts would have a marginal contribution to the overall to geology would be direct, and adverse during Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future cumulative impacts. construction. The Springfield Alternative would not actions that could impact biological resources under the result in any significant cumulative impacts associated Springfield Alternative include the development of the with site geology because the Springfield Alternative Safford Automobile Dealership, Springfield Town Center, 8.3.2.5 Visual Resources would be designed to meet current UBC and Federal, Springfield Metro Center, Patriots Ridge, Liberty View, state, and local building and development regulations Embassy Suites, and the Belvoir Corporate Campus. The The Springfield Alternative exists in an area of sparse and codes. Springfield area and its habitat have been and continue suburban landscape with commercial and residential to be transformed into a densely developed metropolitan development interspersed with wooded areas. Potential effects to soil resources from the Springfield suburb. The majority of developed land in the area Current and future development projects outline a Alternative would be limited to the general footprint consists of streets, parking lots, and buildings. Additional dramatic increase in residential housing and office of the project. The anticipated overall absence of development on undeveloped land would have adverse and commercial space. These projects, in conjunction long-term impacts to soil resources from the Springfield impacts to vegetation and wildlife and would contribute to with the Springfield Alternative would contribute to the Alternative indicates that cumulative effects to soils are cumulative impacts. general development trend of mixed-use land use. As not expected. Where long-term impacts are expected a result, the overall impact to visual resources from to be absent, the potential for additive cumulative Minimal vegetation currently exists on the Springfield the combination of these projects in conjunction with effects with other past, present, and reasonably Alternative. Existing vegetation would be removed the Springfield Alternative would be indirect, long-term, foreseeable future projects also would be adverse. during construction, and it is anticipated that and beneficial. a consolidated FBI HQ campus would contain

U.S. General Services Administration 607 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement 8.3.2.6 Cultural Resources The development of an Embassy Suites, Springfield 8.3.2.8 Public Health and Safety Town Center, Springfield Metro Center, Patriots Ridge, There would be no measurable impacts to cultural and Liberty View, and Belvoir Corporate Campus would Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future resources under the Springfield Alternative, therefore impact population, housing, income, employment, actions that could impact public health and safety there would be no measurable cumulative impacts. taxes, schools, and community services and facilities under the Springfield Alternative include the in close proximity to the Springfield Alternative as a Safford Automobile Dealership; interior and exterior 8.3.2.7 Socioeconomics and result of an increase to the permanent population and renovations to the Springfield Mall; the Springfield hotel-guests around the Springfield Alternative and Town Center; the Springfield Metro Center; the Patriots Environmental Justice their spending and visitation of resources in the area Ridge office development; the Liberty View Office Park; around the site. These project impacts, in combination the Embassy Suites Hotel; and the Belvoir Corporate Development of the Franconia-Springfield Metro with impacts from the Springfield Alternative, would Campus. Short- and long-term impacts to public health Station, the I-495 “mixing bowl” improvements, and result in indirect, short-term, and beneficial impacts to and safety from cumulative projects for the Springfield construction of the National Geospatial-Intelligence employment and spending in Fairfax County and the Alternative would be similar to those described for the Agency likely had long-term, beneficial and adverse Washington, D.C. MSA; short-term, adverse impacts Greenbelt Alternative in Section 8.2.2.8. impacts to population, housing, income, employment, to populations living in proximity to the projects’ taxes, schools, and community services and facilities sites as a result of construction noise and air quality As discussed Chapter 7, the Springfield Alternative in Fairfax County and the Washington, D.C. MSA. impacts; no measurable impact to schools would occur would have short-term, adverse impacts and no These projects likely caused short-term impacts during in the Washington, D.C. MSA; unknown impacts to long-term, adverse impacts to public health and safety. their construction as a result of construction spending community and recreation facilities within one-mile of Overall, the impacts of the Springfield Alternative and long-term impacts as a result of employment the project site would occur as a result of insufficient combined with past, present, and reasonably changes that occurred because of these projects. information; short-term impacts to community services foreseeable future actions would result in short-term, Because the exact change in total employment in Fairfax County while these services adjust to adverse cumulative impacts and no long-term, attributable to these projects is unknown, it is not the change in serviced population; and long-term, cumulative impacts to public health and safety. possible to know the exact cumulative impact to beneficial impacts to tax revenues in Fairfax County. socioeconomic resources that these projects’ impacts, 8.3.2.9 Transportation in conjunction with the impact of the Springfield Indirect, short-term, and beneficial cumulative Alternative site, have had and would have on Fairfax impacts would be expected from all current and future As presented in Chapter 7, the 2022 No-action or County and the Washington, D.C. MSA. However, construction activities around the Springfield Alternative Action Landover Alternative or Action Greenbelt these projects occurred in the past and most of their for the same reasons previously stated for past Alternative (referred to as the Springfield No-build impacts are already reflected in existing conditions. projects. Construction could provide direct employment Condition in the transportation section) vehicular Because the impacts to socioeconomic resources opportunities for construction workers as well as analysis for transportation considered the projected from the Springfield Alternative on the socioeconomic indirect employment for support workers within Fairfax growth in the region based on the future planned resources are anticipated to be less than adverse, the County and the Washington, D.C. MSA. The Springfield developments, background growth, and changes overall impact of these projects in combination with the Alternative, in combination with current and reasonably in travel patterns resulting from planned roadway impacts from the Springfield Alternative would result foreseeable future projects located in close proximity to improvements as agreed in the Springfield Site in indirect, short- and long-term, and adverse and the Springfield Alternative represent contributions to the Transportation Agreement (Appendix A). The transit beneficial impacts. Some cumulative resource impacts, overall short-term and beneficial cumulative impacts to analysis for transportation considered the projected such as impacts to housing, are unknown at this time, the economy, employment, and income. growth in the region based on MWCOG’s travel as insufficient information exists about this alternative’s demand model. These sources provide an estimate potential impacts on these resources. Construction activities associated with the of future vehicle and transit trips through 2022 and Springfield Alternative combined with other nearby include reasonably foreseeable projects. Impacts actions could result in disproportionate ecological or funder the Springfield Alternative (referred to as the human health effects on children and low-income or Build Condition in the transportation section) was minority residents as a result of increased noise or assessed with the projected growth from the 2022 decreased air quality. Because these impacts would No-build Condition, plus the addition of new trips be mitigated or would not disproportionately affect generated by the addition of the FBI HQ generated these sensitive populations, no environmental justice vehicle and transit trips. cumulative impacts or cumulative impacts to children are anticipated.

U.S. General Services Administration 608 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement The 2022 Build Condition included the addition of new No long-term operational air quality cumulative impacts 8.3.2.12 Infrastructure and Utilities person trips generated by the proposed FBI HQ based are anticipated. Stationary source impacts would be on the maximum projected person trip generation addressed through the appropriate stack design for Past projects have already been accounted for in terms following the agreed Springfield Site Transportation emissions sources associated with both projects, and of additional utility load and the need for infrastructure Agreement. The study considered the maximum locating building fresh air intakes away from potential upgrades. There would be no long-term impacts to employee person trips and maximum mission briefing areas of air quality impact. In terms of mobile source infrastructure and utilities as a result of Springfield center person trips. The person trips were separated impacts, future development was considered in the Alternative because there is already abundant supply into vehicle, transit, bicycle, and pedestrian trips and development of the traffic data used in the intersection and capacity to meet any increased demand. There analyzed by mode. air quality impact screening. would be short-term impacts to electric power and telecommunications during installation of these utilities The greatest cumulative impacts for the 2022 Build 8.3.2.11 Noise to the site, but these impacts would not contribute Condition were studied as part of the transportation to overall cumulative impacts because of their analysis, which relied on regional growth. The study It is anticipated that identified current and planned short duration. Therefore, there would be no overall evaluated each transportation mode. Therefore, the projects have the potential to impact the noise cumulative impacts to these utilities. The Springfield cumulative impacts from the Proposed Actions would environment of the Springfield Alternative and adjacent Alternative site would contribute beneficial impacts result in direct, long-term, adverse parking impacts, area by increasing the overall noise levels through to stormwater management. Ongoing and proposed direct adverse long-term adverse traffic, direct, construction activities, increased traffic, or other human development surrounding the Springfield Alternative long-term, adverse transit bus operation impacts, activities. Each of the identified past, present, and would contribute adverse impacts where impervious direct, long-term, beneficial pedestrian, and no reasonably foreseeable projects would have short-term, surface is added to the landscape. The Springfield measurable direct transit capacity, bicycle, and truck adverse impacts to noise associated primarily with Alternative would not contribute to those adverse impacts. The recommended mitigation in Section construction activities. Indirect, long-term, cumulative cumulative impacts. 7.2.9 would address the major adverse traffic and noise impacts are likely as a result of the additive adverse transit bus operations impacts and changing effect of the expected noise level for each project. them to no measurable or beneficial impacts. These impacts would most likely be minor and would be consistent with existing noise uses, compatible 8.3.2.10 Air Quality with existing Fairfax County noise regulations and would not change the overall ambient noise levels of There is potential for adverse cumulative impacts the area. Overall adverse cumulative impacts to noise to air quality during construction if the Springfield would be both short- and long-term, with the Springfield Town Center and/or Springfield Metro Center II Alternative site having a slight contribution. developments are under construction at the same time as the FBI HQ. Due to the proximity of these development sites to the Springfield Alternative, the combined emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 could create elevated concentrations in localized areas of sensitive receptors. The intensity of impacts would be highly dependent on the exact details of the construction sequence for the FBI HQ and the development projects, both of which are currently not known. Impacts would be minimized because all major projects in the area would incorporate construction air quality BMPs.

U.S. General Services Administration 609 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement M Figure 8- 4: JEH Cumulative Projects 8.4 JEH Exchange The exchange of the JEH parcel is common to all CityCenterDC P P CityCenterDC Massachusetts Ave NW - Phase II - Phase I action alternatives. As such, in order to assess overall cumulative impacts for the Proposed Action, Martin Luther H St NW the impacts described in this section would need to be coupled with each of the action alternatives as

W King Jr.

N t Memorial described in sections 8.1 to 8.3. New York Ave NW S

h

12th St NW 12th St t G Pl NWLibrary

0

9th StNW 9th StNW 8th

1 11th StNW 11th Verizon 13th St NW 13th St P P Center 8.4.1 Projects Contributing to G St NW M Madame M Gallery Potential Cumulative Impacts Metro P Tussaud's Pl-Chinatown Center Cumulative effects were evaluated for major

4th StNW 4th

14th St NW 14th St 15th St NW

5th StNW 5th F St NW infrastructure projects or private developments that 1000 F Spy are geographically related to the JEH parcel and that Street NW P P Museum PMuseum of Crime and Punishment prominently contribute to the overall character of the area. In order for a future project to be included in

6th StNW 6th Harman St NW 3rd the cumulative impact analysis, it must have received Center for E St NW M development approval from Washington, D.C. Office of P the Arts Judiciary Planing (OP). This analysis refers to these projects are Pennsylvania Ave NW Square reasonably foreseeable projects.

7th St NW 8.4.1.1 Past Projects D St NW Past projects contributing to the cumulative impacts for Old Post the JEH parcel exchange include: Ronald Reagan Building Office P and International P Redevelopment Economic Revival in Penn Quarter and M C St NW Trade Center Archives-Navy Chinatown: These neighborhoods north and east of M Mem'l P Newseum the JEH parcel have experienced economic and social Federal revitalization going back to the implementation of the Triangle PAP, under the PADC, in the early- to mid-1970s. More recent catalysts include a variety of residential, retail, Constitution Ave NW restaurants, hotels, and cultural uses. Major projects National Museum of include the development of the Verizon Center in African American 1997, housing several of the city’s professional sports P History and Culture teams; the Harman Center for the Arts, housing the Shakespeare Theatre Company in 2007 (and the Lansburgh Theatre in 1992); the Spy Museum; Gallery Place, mixed use development in 2005, and Madame 4th StNW 4th Tussauds Wax Museum.

Site Boundary 0 500 1,000 P Current and Reasonably Foreseeable Development I Feet P Past Development 1 inch = 575 feet

Sources: ESRI (2013), GSA (2013), DC GIS (2013) M

U.S. General Services Administration 610 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement The Newseum: Located at 555 Pennsylvania Avenue 1000 F Street NW development will house an 11-story RFDS 2 NW, two blocks east of the JEH parcel; the Newseum office and retail building located near Metro Center. opened at its current location in 2008. The Newseum Construction began in 2013 and will consist of 92,160 All past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future building contains the museum itself, with conference rental SF (7,000 SF of retail; 85,160 SF feet of office actions, except the ongoing construction of the and office space, a restaurant, and the Newseum space). Two levels of below grade parking with 45 Smithsonian National Museum of African American Residences (135 luxury apartments). spaces will be built. History and Culture, include redevelopment of previously developed land. The past actions for the The Ronald Reagan Building and International National Museum of African American History and Newseum, the Ronald Reagan building, and the Trade Center: Located at 1300 Pennsylvania Culture is located on Constitution Ave NW, between International Trade Center were constructed within Avenue, three/four blocks west of the JEH building the National Museum of American History and 15th already disturbed 100-year floodplain. All ongoing and across from Federal Triangle. The building opened Street, beside the Washington Monument. The projects have the potential to result in temporary in 1998, and contains 1.4 million SF of Federal office 350,000 SF building is expected to be finished in 2016. modifications to existing water resources due to space, a conference center, and parking. The building is limited to 5-acre site with 3 stories construction activities. All present and future projects below ground and 5 stories above ground. would alter stormwater hydrology and increase the 8.4.1.2 Current Ongoing and Reasonably potential for temporary sediment or pollutant loading Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library related to construction activities. However, adherence Foreseeable Projects redevelopment located at 901 G Street NW will be a to District of Columbia stormwater regulations, 5-story stand-alone building. The building occupies including stormwater management performance Current ongoing projects contributing to the cumulative nearly 400,000 SF. requirements, make it unlikely that present and impacts for the JEH parcel exchange include: future projects would have any long-term, adverse A map of all past or currently ongoing and reasonably impacts to stormwater hydrology and may even have Old Post Office Building (Trump International foreseeable projects in the vicinity of the JEH parcel beneficial impacts. Hotel) is expected to open in 2016. The Old Post are shown in figure 8-4. Office Building, located at 1100 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, is being renovated to include 270 guestrooms, as well as a 5,000 SF spa and state-of-the-art fitness 8.4.2 Cumulative Impacts Analysis center. It will also offer 36,000 SF of meeting and event space, including a13,000-SF grand ballroom. 8.4.2.1 Water Resources CenterCity DC, Phase I and II, is a mixed-use, transit and pedestrian-oriented neighborhood with outdoor RFDS 1 space. The development, which encompasses three Under RFDS 1, there would be no impacts to water pedestrian city blocks on a 10-acre parcel contains resources because the building and parcel would 458 apartments, 216 condominium units, 462,085 remain the same, so there would be no cumulative SF of general office development, 252,023 SF of impacts to water resources. retail development, and an underground garage with approximately 1,600 spaces.

This EIS considers reasonably foreseeable projects that include plans with have permits or other development approvals. Reasonably foreseeable projects contributing to the cumulative impacts for the JEH parcel exchange include:

U.S. General Services Administration 611 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement In addition to temporary impacts, construction of the 8.4.2.2 Land Use 8.4.2.3 Visual Resources Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture would increase the amount RFDS 1 RFDS 1 of impervious surface. Again, adherence to the stormwater management performance requirements Under RFDS 1, there would be there would be There would be no measurable impacts to visual would prevent long-term, adverse impacts to indirect, long-term, adverse impacts to land use, as the resources under RFDS 1, therefore there would be no stormwater hydrology. Both the Trump International continued existence of the JEH building in its current measurable cumulative impacts. Hotel at the site of the Old Post Office building and the configuration would continue to disagree with some Smithsonian National Museum of African American planning principals for this portion of Pennsylvania RFDS 2 History and Culture are located within the 100-year Avenue, namely the stimulation of street life, diversity floodplain. Because the Old Post Office building of uses, and the lack of pedestrian access through the Under RFDS 2, there would be a measurable impact property is already developed, there would be no parcel, especially with regards to the closed D-Street to visual resources as a result of the demolition of net loss of beneficial natural values of the floodplain right-of-way (ROW), which is part of the original the JEH building. The projects considered for the from the redevelopment. The development of the L’Enfant Plan. Other past, present, and reasonably cumulative impacts analysis all entail redevelopment Smithsonian National Museum of African American foreseeable projects would be compatible with the of existing parcels in the vicinity of the JEH parcel. History and Culture would impact the floodplain and Pennsylvania Avenue Plan and other with District of These projects, in conjunction with potential parcel could adversely affect the functions and values of Columbia land use planning and development policies. redevelopment under RFDS 2, would contribute to and the floodplain over the long-term. Floodplain impacts Therefore, these projects would not contribute to the facilitate the unique cultural aesthetic of the area and would be mitigated and minimized through a flood cumulative long-term, adverse impacts under RFDS 1. be consistent with land use regulations such as the zone building permit, compliance with applicable PAP and associated square guidelines, the Height of construction codes and flood hazard rules, and RFDS 2 Buildings Act, and proposed D-7 zoning regulations. As implementation of floodplain controls. Developers for a result, overall cumulative impacts to visual resources this project, or any other project, would be required Under RFDS 2, there would be indirect, long-term, would be beneficial and RFDS 2 would have a to adhere to appropriate building practices and water beneficial impacts to land use and zoning, as the marginal contribution to the overall cumulative impacts quality and stormwater standards, and implement redevelopment of the JEH parcel would better align with appropriate measures to prevent impacts to existing current zoning and local, state, and federal land use plans As a result, the overall impact to visual resources from water resources. Under RFDS 2, there would be for the area. An Amendment to the PAP and subsequent the combination of these projects would be indirect, indirect, long-term, beneficial impacts resulting development of Square Guidelines, currently underway, long-term, and beneficial. from the implementation of BMPs and low-impact would ensure that future development of the parcel is development techniques that were not required consistent with the land use, historic preservation and 8.4.2.4 Cultural Resources when the JEH building was initially constructed, but design goals of the Avenue. are currently required for any major land-disturbing projects within the District of Columbia. As a result, The projects considered for the cumulative impacts RFDS 1 overall cumulative impacts to water resources would analysis all entail redevelopment of existing parcels Under RFDS 1, there would be no impacts to cultural be beneficial and RFDS 2 would have a marginal in the vicinity of the JEH parcel. These projects, resources, including archaeological or historic resources, contribution to the overall impacts. in conjunction with redevelopment under RFDS 2, so there would not be any cumulative impacts. would contribute to and facilitate economic growth in the area surrounding the parcel. It is assumed that the surrounding developments, as well as the redevelopment of the JEH building, would occur either in accordance with applicable local land use controls or through consultation with regulatory agencies to help ensure future development would adhere to or be compatible with District of Columbia land use planning and development policies. As a result, overall cumulative impacts to land use would be beneficial and RFDS 2 would have a marginal contribution to the overall cumulative impacts.

U.S. General Services Administration 612 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement RFDS 2 8.4.2.5 Socioeconomics and The development of CenterCity DC Phase I, with the addition of 458 apartments and 216 condominium Under RFDS 2, there could be indirect, long-term, Environmental Justice units, would impact population, housing, income, adverse impacts to historic properties because the employment, taxes, schools, and community services existing character of the area would be altered. RFDS 1 and facilities in close proximity to the JEH parcel as However, these potential impacts would be avoided a result of an increase to the permanent population by the enforcement of the Section 106 Programmatic Past projects, including the Economic Revival and hotel-guests around the parcel and their spending Agreement (PA), which outlines the regulatory and in Penn Quarter and Chinatown and its recent and visitation of resources in the area around the review processes described in this section, including development of a variety of residential, retail, parcel. The impacts associated with the development the enforced conformity to Square Guidelines, restaurants, hotels, and cultural uses; (the of CenterCity DC Phase I, in combination with impacts PAP, and other regulations. Other past, present, Newseum, the Ronald Reagan Building and from RFDS 1, would result in indirect, short-term, and reasonably foreseeable projects within the International Trade Center) likely have had and beneficial impacts to employment, income, and Pennsylvania Avenue Plan (PAP) boundary would be long-term, beneficial and adverse impacts to sales in Washington, D.C., and the Washington, D.C. subject to the same regulations, thereby continuing to population, housing, income, employment, taxes, MSA ; short-term and adverse impacts to populations avoid adverse impacts within the APE. GSA previously schools, community services and facilities, living in proximity to the projects’ sites as a result of determined that the JEH building is not eligible for the environmental justice, and children in Washington, construction noise and air quality impacts and impacts National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). D.C. MSA, and the Washington, D.C. MSA. to schools and community and recreation facilities; Construction of these past projects had short-term and long-term and beneficial impacts to tax revenues. impacts as a result of construction spending and Insufficient information exists at this time to determine long-term impacts as a result of employment and cumulative impcats to recreation resources and population changes that occurred post-construction. community facilities. Because exact changes in total employment or population of these projects is unknown, it is not Indirect, short-term, and beneficial cumulative possible to know the exact cumulative impacts to impacts would be expected from all current and socioeconomic resources that these projects have reasonably foreseeable future construction activities had on Washington, D.C., and the Washington, D.C. in Washington, D.C. and the Washington, D.C. MSA. However, because these projects occurred in MSA for the same reasons previously mentioned the past, most of their impacts are already reflected for past projects. Construction would provide direct in existing conditions, and the results of RFDS 1 on employment opportunities for construction workers the socioeconomic resources previously discussed as well as indirect employment for support workers are anticipated to have no measurable impact. throughout Washington, D.C., and the Washington, Thus, the overall impact of these past projects in D.C. MSA. RFDS 1, in combination with the combination with the impacts from RFDS 1 would developments of CenterCity DC Phase I and II, result in both short and long-term, indirect, adverse the Trump International Hotel, 1000 F Street NW and beneficial impacts. Some cumulative resource development, Smithsonian National Museum of African impacts, such as impacts to housing, are unknown at American History and Culture, and the Martin Luther this time, as insufficient information exists about this King Jr. Memorial Library represent contributions to the alternative’s potential impacts on these resources. overall short-term, beneficial, cumulative impacts to the economy, employment and income.

U.S. General Services Administration 613 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Indirect, long-term, and beneficial cumulative impacts impacts to employment, income, and sales in Cumulative impacts, as a result of all current and would be expected as a result of sales tax revenue Washington, D.C., and the Washington, D.C. MSA; reasonably foreseeable future construction activities and individual income tax revenue from redevelopment short-term and adverse impacts to populations living in (e.g. construction and renovation traffic, increased projects that generate new business and bring new proximity to the JEH parcel as a result of construction noise or decreased air quality) on children and residents to Washington, D.C., or the Washington, D.C. noise and air quality impacts and impacts to schools low-income or minority residents would be the same MSA. Because the JEH parcel would be transferred and community and recreation facilities; and long-term under RFDS 2 as they would be under RFDS 1. from a Federally owned parcel to a privately owned and beneficial impacts to tax revenues. Insufficient Therefore, as any of these adverse impacts would be parcel, this could result in an increase in property information exists at this time to determine cumulative mitigated or these impacts would not disproportionately tax revenues. Current and reasonably foreseeable impcats to recreation resources and community affect these sensitive populations, no environmental future actions would have an indirect, short-term, facilities. justice cumulative impacts or cumulative impacts to and beneficial cumulative contribution in the form of children are anticipated. sales tax from construction expenditures and possible In combination with the impacts from RFDS 2, there could be impacts to the homeownership and indirect, long-term, and beneficial cumulative impacts 8.4.2.6 Public Health and Safety by stimulating business and residential growth. rental market as a result of increasing the supply of apartment and condominium units on the marke. Construction activities associated with RFDS 1 and However, insufficient information exists at this tim to RFDS 1 and 2 other nearby actions could result in disproportionate determine the exact impacts to the homeownership Past, present, and reasonably foreseeable future ecological or human health effects on children and and rental markets. actions that could impact public health and safety low-income or minority residents as a result of in the vicinity surrounding the JEH parcel include construction and renovation traffic, increased noise or Indirect and short-term impacts occurring as a result the development of the Trump International Hotel in decreased air quality. Because these impacts would of all currenas shown in figure 6-40 and reasonably 2016, the Smithsonian National Museum of African be mitigated or would not disproportionately affect foreseeable future construction activities would be the American History and Culture, CityCenterDC, parcels these sensitive populations, no environmental justice same under RFDS 2 as they would be under RFDS 1, north of CityCenter at New York Avenue NW between cumulative impacts or cumulative impacts to children resulting in overall short-term, beneficial and cumulative 9th Street and 10th Street NW, a construction project are anticipated. impacts to the economy, employment, and income. at 1000 F Street NW, and the redevelopment of the Indirect, long-term, and beneficial cumulative impacts Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library. All projects RFDS 2 would be expected as a result of sales tax revenue include redevelopment of previously developed land. and individual income tax revenue from redevelopment Under RFDS 2, cumulative impacts resulting from the During construction of these projects, contractors construction of past projects are the same as those projects that generate new businesses and bring new residents to Washington, D.C., or the Washington, D.C. would be required to ensure that workers receive identified under RFDS 1. Thus, the overall impact of proper safety training for operation of mechanical these projects in combination with the impacts from MSA. Because the JEH parcel would be transferred from a Federally owned parcel to a privately owned parcel, this equipment and utilize proper safety clothing, RFDS 2 would result in both short and long-term equipment, and procedures at all times. These indirect impacts. could result in an increase in property tax revenues. The cumulative impacts to sales and income tax revenues measures would be expected to minimize the risk of injury and the related need for emergency response; The development of CenterCity DC Phase I, with the for Washington, D.C., as a result of spending on the therefore, no short-term impacts to life safety would addition of 458 apartments and 216 condominium demolition and construction of the JEH parcel would be expected. Construction-phase spill prevention units, would impact population, housing, income, be similar to but greater than the cumulative impacts and response procedures would be implemented to employment, taxes, schools, and community services for RFDS 1 because spending on demolition and prevent spills of hazardous materials such as vehicle and facilities in close proximity to the JEH parcel construction is anticipated to be greater than spending and equipment fuels and maintenance fluids, and to because it would increase the population and hotel- on renovation, resulting in comparably greater indirect, ensure rapid response in the event of accidental spills. guests around the parcel and their spending and short-term, and beneficial impacts to tax revenues. Likewise, any lead, asbestos, or other hazardous visitation of resources in the area around the parcel materials that may be present at the site of any of also would increase. The impact of CenterCity DC these surrounding development projects would require Phase I, in combination with impacts from RFDS 2, abatement and disposal by properly licensed and would result in indirect, short-term, and beneficial trained personnel, thereby minimizing any potential short-term adverse impacts from release of these materials during demolition and construction activities. Negligible to no short-term, adverse impacts related

U.S. General Services Administration 614 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement to hazardous materials would result. In the long-term, The greatest cumulative impacts for the 2025 Build 8.4.2.9 Noise water quality and stormwater standards, and other Condition were studied as part of the transportation appropriate measures would be required to prevent analysis, which relied on regional growth except for RFDS 1 and 2 runoff of pollution from the sites of these project sites. the four additional reasonably foreseeable projects. Because all of the projects previously described It assumed that the additional trips produced by the It is anticipated that identified current and planned involve redevelopment of already developed land, they reasonable foreseeable projects would add to the transit projects have the potential to impact the noise are not expected to place sufficient additional demand and traffic networks, although mostly to the transit environment in the vicinity of the study area in a on fire and emergency response services to create network based on the urban location and assumed manner similar to that presented under both RFDSs. adverse impacts. Therefore, no long-term cumulative modal split for each RFDS. Therefore, the cumulative Each of the identified projects would have temporary impacts related to life safety or hazardous materials impacts from both RFDS 1 and 2 would result in indirect, adverse impacts to noise primarily as a result of would occur as a result of either RFDS 1 or 2. long-term, major transit capacity impacts, indirect, construction activities associated with the development/ long-term, adverse traffic impacts, and no measurable redevelopment of the projects. Indirect, long-term noise 8.4.2.7 Transportation indirect pedestrian, bicycle, transit bus operations, impacts are likely as a result of each of the projects parking, and truck impacts. The recommended through the introduction of new mixed-use, residential, As presented in Section 4.2.9, the 2025 No-action mitigation in the JEH Transportation Impact Assessment commercial or retail development and their associated vehicular analysis for transportation considered the (Appendix B), would address the indirect, adverse traffic traffic. These impacts would most likely be minor and projected growth in the region based on the future impacts changing them to no measurable impact. would be consistent with existing noise uses, compatible planned developments and background growth as with existing District of Columbia noise regulations, and agreed in the DDOT Scoping Form (Appendix A). 8.4.2.8 Air Quality would not change the overall ambient noise levels of The transit analysis for transportation considered the the area. Overall adverse cumulative impacts to noise projected growth in the region based on MWCOG’s would be both short- and long-term, with RFDS 1 and 2 RFDS 1 travel demand model. These sources provide an making a slight contribution. estimate of future vehicle and transit trips through Under RFDS 1, the potential for cumulative air quality 2025. Impacts for the 2025 action alternatives (RFDS impacts is very low during construction because of there 8.4.2.10 Infrastructure and Utilities 1 and 2) were assessed with the projected growth would be limited heavy equipment use and no ground from the 2022 No-action, plus the addition of new trips disturbance with a rehabilitation of the existing JEH RFDS 1 generated by RFDS 1 and 2. building. Long-term operations could contribute to adverse mobile-source related cumulative impacts in combination Under RFDS 1, there would be no impacts to Additional reasonably foreseeable projects that were with other developments that increase traffic. However, infrastructure and utilities, so there would not be any not included in the analysis include 1000 F Street NW, the impacts of future growth were considered in the cumulative impacts. the Smithsonian National Museum of African American development of the traffic analyses, and the intersection History and Culture, Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial screening discussion in Chapter 4 based on the traffic RFDS 2 Library redevelopment, and Phase II CityCenter DC. analysis constitutes a cumulative impact analysis. These developments would add person trips to the Long-term, adverse, cumulative impacts to infrastructure 2025 No-action resulting in more vehicle, transit, RFDS 2 and utilities would be expected on electric service, natural bicycle, and pedestrian trips. gas service, water service, sanitary sewer collection Under RFDS 2, there would be potential for cumulative service, and stormwater management systems would be impacts to localized air quality during construction if expected as a result of increased demand from continued other major developments in the area (such as the development and redevelopment in the vicinity of the JEH CenterCity project) are also under construction at the parcel. Redevelopment of the JEH parcel would represent same time. The potential for cumulative impacts is a minor increase in cumulative utility use in the context of reduced by the lack of major development projects the entire downtown District of Columbia area. Upgrades directly adjacent to the JEH parcel, reducing the extent to the utility network likely would not be required. of potential “overlaps” in air quality impacts between projects. It is anticipated that both the redevelopment of the JEH parcel and other projects in the area would incorporate construction air quality BMPS (i.e., as limitations on idling and dust control measures) such that there would be no measurable cumulative impacts.

U.S. General Services Administration 615 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement 8.5 Climate Change and Sustainability climate change) would be greatest during the opening 8.5.1 Key Strategies to Manage Extreme events are the occurrence of a year of the project and should diminish over time. weather or climate variable above or below a The consolidation of FBI HQ provides an opportunity This trend would result from the improving energy Climate Change Risks threshold value. The threshold values occur for sustainable and resilient campus development efficiency of products and technology as well as near the upper or lower bounds of the range that would minimize environmental impacts and the behavior such as commuting patterns. Several key strategies have been identified that may of observed variable values (IPCC 2012; consumption of resources over the lifecycle of the be incorporated into the final facility design in order to Seneviratne et al. 2012). The definition of building, and develop a facility that would be resilient Designing to manage the risks posed by long-term manage climate change risks. extreme events is typically specific to a to extreme weather and flooding events from a climate change is a core principle of this project. 1. Integration of architectural form and optimization certain region and can vary among research changing climate. Given the complexity and initial Extreme weather events and a changing climate of building enclosure (above and below grade and studies. capital outlay required to develop a consolidated present real costs to both operations and infrastructure; detailing) for long-term performance/durability and FBI HQ, the lifecycle of the main building would this would only become more pronounced through selected materials or systems be designed to last beyond 50 years. The design, the life-cycle of the project. Therefore, climate change Frequency refers to the number of times a construction, and operation of the consolidated HQ vulnerabilities must be addressed early and integrated precipitation event recurs within a given time 2. Optimization of building orientation, footprint, and would be required to achieve a Leadership in Energy through the project’s delivery, occupancy, operation interval (Seneviratne et al. 2012). envelope design to mitigate solar loads and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold rating for and maintenance. Incorporating climate resilience new construction, version 4, and to comply with is paramount due to the mission critical functions 3. Optimization of site for projected extreme refers to the rate at which Intensity Federal sustainability statutes and guidance (USEPA located at the HQ which are sensitive to interruption, precipitation loads for long-term performance/durability precipitation falls within a given time interval 2015i, b). It is expected that the project’s greenhouse replacement and relocation, and would constitute a and known regional/local planning development /land (NOAA 2013b). gas emissions (and therefore its contribution to significant federal investment. use changes which may contribute to site loads

For this project to be climate resistant over time, 4. Utilization of available on-site renewable energy climate protection levels (CPL) must be developed by resources the exchange partner and incorporated into project design, construction, operations and maintenance. 5. Site/facility design focused on flexibility and The goal of CPLs is to ensure that this critical asset adaptability to allow modifications to enhance its remains viable and operational over time under ability resist or accommodate climate extremes in projected climate conditions, which include long-term temperature or precipitation climatic changes (e.g. longer, hotter summers) and more extreme weather events (e.g. heat waves, hurricanes, floods). This would also mitigate the 8.5.2 Regulatory Framework limitations of current codes used in the design, build, and compliance process of structures and sites which Compliance with the following statutes and guidance are based on past events, rather than a changing would help ensure a sustainable and resilient future climate. consolidated FBI HQ campus. A complete list of applicable environmental and planning regulations is found in Section 1.2.2.

• EO 11988 “Floodplain Management”: Requires Federal agencies to avoid both the long- and short-term adverse impacts associated with occupancy within and modification of floodplains, and to avoid direct and indirect support of floodplain development when there is a practicable alternative.

U.S. General Services Administration 616 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement • EO 13690 “Establishing a Federal Flood Risk • CEQ Revised Draft Guidance for Greenhouse Global warming is expected to lead to a more Management Standard and a Process for Further Gas Emissions and Climate Change Impacts: vigorous hydrological cycle, including more total Soliciting and Considering Stakeholder Input”: On December 18, 2014, CEQ released revised rainfall and more frequent high intensity rainfall Requires future Federal investments within and draft guidance that describes how Federal events. Rainfall amounts and intensities increased affecting floodplains to meet the level of resilience agencies consider the effects of greenhouse on average in the United States during the twentieth defined within the EO, to improve the nation’s gas emissions and climate change in century, and according to climate change models, resilience to flooding and better prepare the nation their actions. According to the guidance, they are expected to continue to increase during for the impacts of climate change. Federal agencies should identify the current the twenty-first century. These rainfall changes, and expected future state of the affected along with expected changes in temperature, solar • EO 13693 “Planning for Federal Sustainability in environment, based on available climate radiation, and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) the Next Decade”: Requires Federal agencies change information, including observations, concentrations, would have significant impacts on soil to maintain leadership in sustainability and interpretive assessments, predictive modeling, erosion rates, and could alter the soil composition greenhouse gas emission reductions by reducing, scenarios, and other empirical evidence, through the loss of organic matter. These impacts where cost effective over the lifecycle of the so as to provide a basis for evaluating the are particularly apparent in previously disturbed facility, building energy use and intensity, water environmental consequences of the Proposed soils, where the structure has been previously use efficiency and management (including Action for each alternative for those aspects of altered, and in soils with a predisposition to higher stormwater management), and reducing mobile the human environment that are impacted by erosion rates; however, climate change impacts source greenhouse gas emissions from agency both the Proposed Action and climate change. could be apparent in all soil types (Nearing et al. fleet vehicles. 2015; Blume 2011). Soils at the JEH parcel and each of the site alternatives have been disturbed due to • Energy Policy Act of 2005: Provides both 8.5.3 Climate Change and past development. Future changes in the climate requirements and incentives for entities to could exacerbate soil erosion, particularly for those increase energy efficiency and use renewable Environmental Effects soil associations at the Greenbelt and Landover and alternative energy sources. The following sections describe impacts associated Alternatives which have moderate erosion potential. • Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) with climate change for affected resource topics. of 2007: Designed to increase U.S. energy 8.5.3.2 Water Resources security by increasing the production and 8.5.3.1 Earth Resources consumption of renewable and alternative fuel Water resource impacts from the Proposed Actions sources and reducing dependence on energy Earth resource impacts from the Proposed Actions would not have a measurable impact to climate sources originating outside the U.S. Additionally, would not have a measurable impact to climate change; however, climate change would have an Section 438 requires Federal agencies to reduce change; however, climate change would have an impact to water resources within and in proximity stormwater runoff from Federal development impact to earth resources within and in proximity to the sites evaluated in this EIS, and may further projects by implementing green infrastructure or to the sites evaluated in this EIS, and may further exacerbate adverse impacts identified in this EIS. low impact development practices. exacerbate adverse impacts identified in this EIS. This section includes a qualitative discussion of the This section includes a qualitative discussion of the impacts of climate change, and potential increases • The Guiding Principles for Federal Leadership impacts of climate change, and potential increases in precipitation, storm frequency and intensity, and in High Performance and Sustainable Buildings in soil erosion and soil composition at each site. flooding as well as changes to weather patterns (Guiding Principles): GSA is a signatory on this and associated increases in intense precipitation memorandum of understanding (MOU) and is events and inland flooding at each site. Adaptation therefore committed to take the lead in the design, to climate change in the form of mitigation measures construction, and operation of high performance and possible site design elements is highlighted. and sustainable buildings that reduce costs over the lifecycle of a facility; improve energy efficiency and water conservation; provide safe, healthy, and productive built environments; and promote sustainable environmental stewardship.

U.S. General Services Administration 617 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Climate projections are based on assumptions The definition of extreme and heavy precipitation The United State Environmental Protection Agency concerning future emissions of greenhouse gases as events can vary according to geographic location and (USEPA) Climate Resilience Evaluation and well as climate change policies. Therefore, there are study; however, both refer to changes in the intensity Awareness Tool (CREAT) projects climate changes limitations and uncertainties associated with these and frequency of precipitation events. Gradations of under three scenarios, Hot/Dry, Central, and Warm/ projections as well as the associated responses by precipitation extremes can be defined by frequency Wet (USEPA 2015j). Projections are based on the ecosystems. Furthermore, knowledge of site-specific (by percentile), return period, or an absolute value Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 responses to climate change, including flooding, (Groisman et al. 2002; Karl et al. 2008, Karl et al. 2009). (CMIP5) dataset which is produced from coupled are limited due to the resources required to study For example, extreme events could include rainfall atmosphere-ocean general circulation models and model various projections of climate change for equal to or above the 99th percentile of daily events studied, run, validated, compared, and analyzed the individual conditions present at each site. The (i.e., the heaviest 1 percent of events) and heavy events by the international climate modeling community. text qualitatively discusses the impacts of climate could include precipitation within the 95th percentile. The CREAT shows that annual precipitation would change and potential changes in precipitation and increase over the three modeled climate scenarios inland flooding, including severity and frequency of In the Northeast region, there was a 71 percent with the smallest increases occurring under the Hot/ storm events. The text is intended to support decision increase in the amount of precipitation falling during Dry scenario (i.e., hotter and drier conditions) and making concerning the FBI HQ consolidation and extreme precipitation events between 1958 and 2010. the largest increases occurring under the Warm/ to make the proposed project more resilient against (Karl et al. 2009; Walsh et al. 2014). These recent Wet scenario (i.e., less warming but increased environmental impacts. increases in the intensity of precipitation events are precipitation) (USEPA 2015j). Throughout all site expected to continue in the future. Assuming that the alternatives, precipitation increases ranged from 0.17 The JEH parcel and the Greenbelt and Landover greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that drive these percent to 6.18 percent for the 2026-2045 time period Alternatives are within the Northeast Region of changes continue their upward trend, these heavy and 0.34 percent to 12.06 percent for the 2051-2070 the 2014 National Climate Assessment, while the precipitation events would occur approximately three time period for all scenarios. Other projections show Springfield Alternative is within the Southeast Region. times as often during the 2081-2100 time period that annual mean precipitation would increase by The Springfield Alternative is on the border of the (Walsh et al. 2014). Generally, winter storm intensity 0.008 inches/day by 2050-2074 (USGS 2014). Northeast and Southeast regions, and as such the and frequency have also increased in the mid-latitudes climate of the site is assumed to be similar to that over the 1949 to 2010 time period (Walsh et al. 2014). According to the mean of 30 CMIP5 climate models projected for the Northeast region, therefore the Rainfall intensities have increased such that “the provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) following discussion is based on data for the Northeast amount of rain that was expected to occur once in National Climate Change Viewer, the annual mean Region only. The region has already experienced 100 years, could “now occur on average once every runoff for the Middle Potomac-Anacostia-Occoquan extreme storm and precipitation events such as 60 years” (NOAA 2013a). Depending on the climate hydrologic unit (where all the site alternatives are Superstorm Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and the June 2012 projection within the CREAT, the intensity of the located) would not change from the current runoff derecho. Heavy storm events deliver large amounts of 100-year storm over all site alternatives is projected rate of that ranges from 1.0 inches/month to 1.1 water within short periods of time, and give rise to the to increase over the 2026-2045 time period by a low inches/month over all the site alternatives (USGS potential to overwhelm both natural and engineered of 3.12 percent to a high of 10.71 percent and over 2014). Other individual models show a range from a water resources systems. Based on available climate the 2051-2070 time period by a low of 6.07 percent decrease of 0.4 inches/month to an increase of 0.3 change information, storm intensity and the frequency to a high of 20.84 percent (USEPA 2015j). Based on inches/month. Georgakakos et al. (2014) state that of heavy storm events are both expected to increase North American Regional Climate Change Assessment both streamflow and stormwater runoff increased in thereby impacting water resources (Georgakakos et Program model simulations for the high emissions the Northeast region over the last half-century and al. 2014; Walsh et al. 2014).The percentage of total scenario, the annual mean of heavy precipitation are expected to increase in the future. Increases in precipitation from heavy precipitation events is likewise events (i.e., greater than 1 inch, for this study) is the intensity and frequency of precipitation events expected to increase (Seneviratne et al. 2012). projected to increase by approximately 15 to 18 and more frequent flooding in the future could Although there is some uncertainty concerning specific percent for the 2041-2070 time frame compared to result in increased stormwater runoff containing regional annual total storm precipitation trends, there 1980-2000 period (NOAA 2013a). heightened levels of pollutants and sediments from is a high degree of certainty that heavy precipitation soil erosion into local waterways (Georgakakos et al. events would increase in the future throughout 2014; NCPC 2014). the United States (Walsh et al. 2014), and there is evidence that the intensity of these precipitation events has been increasing.

U.S. General Services Administration 618 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Overall, the magnitude of river floods has increased in Mitigation Global warming is expected to have an effect on the Northeast region according to the 2014 National ecosystem, plants, and animals. Most plants and Climate Assessment; however, specific localized Adaptation to climate change for the consolidation of animals have adapted to specific climate conditions, trends vary depending on land use, soil moisture, FBI HQ at the selected site would be in the form of such as the amount of rainfall, average temperature, river channel and flow, and flood control infrastructure mitigation measures and possible site design elements, and the timing of the seasons. Any change in the (Georgakakos et al. 2014; Walsh et al. 2014). The particularly for the Greenbelt Alternative. The EISA, EOs climate of an area can affect the plants and animals trend toward increased riverine flooding generally 13693 and 11988, and the FFRMS address stormwater living there, as well as the makeup of the entire reflects the observed increases in heavy precipitation runoff control and retention; water use efficiency and ecosystem. The JEH parcel and Greenbelt and events because these events generally result in more management, including the reduction of water use and Landover Alternatives are within the Northeast stormwater runoff and therefore potentially more the capture and reuse of water; and the use of natural Region of the 2014 National Climate Assessment; the flooding (Walsh et al. 2014). Localized flash flooding features and natural processes. These objectives should Springfield Alternative is within the Southeast Region events are frequent in the region and are expected be the basis for mitigation and design to minimize the but is on the border of the Northeast and Southeast to increase as heavy precipitation events increase environmental impacts of more intense and frequent regions. This region has already experienced extreme (Georgakakos et al. 2014; NOAA 2013a; Walsh et al. precipitation events and potential flooding in the future storm and precipitation events such as Superstorm 2014). Typically in urban and suburban areas with and to provide resilience. Mitigation measures for water Sandy, Hurricane Irene, and the June 2012 derecho. more impervious area, surface stormwater runoff resources include stormwater management BMPs, such Based on available climate change information, moves quickly into receiving waters, potentially leading as low-impact development. The use of conservation increases in the intensity and frequency of weather to flooding (Georgakakos et al. 2014; NOAA 2013a). easements to preserve open space around the sites events, and more frequent heat waves could result The increased volume of runoff in developed areas could provide protection from flooding and prevent flood in species, including iconic species, vanishing from would be expected to result in an increase in riverine hazards. Ultimately, successful mitigation would require regions where they have been prevalent, altered flooding and/or flash flooding. a combination of BMP types, control techniques, and timing of biological events (such as migration and design measures. The design of the site must initially reproduction), and species extinction (Groffman et al. The Federal Flood Risk Management Standard consider the most accurate floodplain and higher base 2014). Vegetation modeling suggests that much of (FFRMS) requires that all future federal investments flood elevations as recommended in the FFRMS. the United States would experience a shift of species in and affecting floodplains meet the level of resilience This would ensure that all buildings and structures are composition in the future as a result of changes in as established by the standard, which may include designed and constructed to withstand flooding. Site weather patterns associated with climate change elevating the structure or, where appropriate, designing design and associated BMPs and practices should (Groffman et al. 2014). it to withstand or otherwise quickly recover from a future be optimized for the projected future increases in flood event. The FFRMS was applied to the Greenbelt the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation Alternative to estimate future flood risks along Indian events. Lastly, any successful plan to accommodate 8.6 Unavoidable Adverse Creek and to ensure that the Greenbelt Alternative the effects of climate change must incorporate adaptive Impacts would consider the increased risk of flooding associated management. The design elements and mitigation with climate change. Using a hydraulic model, 3 measures must have the ability to adjust to new and Unavoidable adverse impacts would result from feet of elevation, as designated in the Freeboard changing conditions, provide resiliency, and protect implementation of any of the action alternatives. approach for Critical Actions, was added to the FEMA human safety and health. Most adverse effects would be limited to short- revised preliminary floodplain base flood elevations to term disruptions or disturbances to resources account for future flood risks. The additional vertical 8.5.3.3 Biological Resources during construction, which would occur under the and horizontal spatial extent of floodplain is similar No-action Alternative at the Greenbelt Alternative, to the revised preliminary floodplain, and results in Biological resource impacts from the Proposed and under all action alternatives from construction approximately 29.1 acres of floodplain within the site Actions would not have a measurable impact to and use of FBI HQ at the Greenbelt, Landover, or boundary. This total is an addition of 1.2 acres over the climate change; however, climate change would Springfield Alternatives. Site clearing, excavation, floodplain acreage of the revised preliminary FIRM, on have an impact to biological resources within and in and construction of buildings, parking, and roads which it is based. To the south and east of the site the proximity to the sites evaluated in this EIS, and may would result in mostly adverse impacts to soils, FFRMS floodplain would be substantially expanded to further exacerbate adverse impacts identified in this water resources, vegetation, wildlife, health and encompass additional acres of open space surrounding EIS. This section includes a qualitative discussion safety, and traffic during construction activities, with a tributary of Indian Creek as well as two buildings in the of the impacts of climate change, and potential short-term adverse impacts to air quality and the noise Franklin Park Development. changes to species distribution, altered biological environment from use of construction equipment. timing, and extinction at each site.

U.S. General Services Administration 619 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement Continued use of the buildings and site development The EIS identifies potential short-term, adverse Energy. Energy resources used for a consolidated would have unavoidable adverse impacts to geology, impacts to the natural and human environments FBI HQ would be irretrievably lost. These include fossil water resources/stormwater systems, wetlands and as a result of construction activities, which are fuels (e.g., gasoline, diesel, natural gas) and electricity. floodplains associated aquatic species (Greenbelt described in section 8.1. However, there would be During construction, gasoline and diesel fuel would Alternative only), health and safety, air quality, and the increases in long-term productivity associated with be used for the operation of construction vehicles noise environment. some resources. Redevelopment of the JEH parcel and equipment. Long-term operation of the facilities or development of any of the site alternatives would would use electricity generated by combusting fossil Long-term, adverse impacts could occur on the be expected to increase the long-term economic fuels, both for primary and backup power. When the recreational resources, the visual environment, and productivity of the sites. The addition of landscaped new consolidated FBI HQ is compared to the current some utilities at all sites that would be developed, areas under each action alternative would also result energy usage of JEH and associated leased buildings, due to the increase in recreational users, increase in in long-term reduction of erosion and an increase energy usage would be reduced over the lifecycle of structure size and height and required lighting, and the in soil productivity, improvements in vegetation the building due to energy efficiency, use of fuel cells need to extend utility service lines. Increased traffic cover, and an increase in productive wildlife habitat. and the possible use of renewable energy sources. resulting from employees commuting to and from FBI Installation of new stormwater controls and BMPs HQ would also result in unavoidable adverse impacts. would provide long-term enhancements to water Biological Resources and Soils. Construction and Construction activities cause noise which could disturb quality. Implementation of stormwater control practices operation of a consolidated FBI HQ would result in special status species; however, the special status would result in a site that is adaptable to the projected some irretrievable loss of vegetation, wildlife habitat, species that could be present would either not be changes in stormwater volume and quantity. and soil resources, limited to the areas that have present at the areas designated for construction or not yet been developed at each alternative. All sites avoid the area due to noise and human interaction. except for Greenbelt have little to no undeveloped There would be no direct adverse effects on historic 8.8 Irreversible and area. The Greenbelt Alternative has approximately structures, because there are none within the Irretrievable 2 acres of undeveloped land along the edge of the boundaries of the alternative sites, and indirect, visual existing parking lot that would be disturbed under that impacts to any historic structures in the vicinity of the Commitments of alternative. Although the addition of trees, shrubs, sites would be minimal and would not impact any landscaped areas, improved stormwater infiltration, potential historic resource to the extent that it would Resources and other low-impact development features would diminish its integrity. represent a net improvement in the overall health of An irreversible or irretrievable commitment of biological resources and soils at each site, the loss of resources refers to impacts or losses to resources that specific individual specimens in limited areas on each cannot be reversed or recovered, even after an activity 8.7 Relationship Between Short- site would be permanent. term Uses and Long-term has ended and facilities have been decommissioned. A commitment of resources is related to use or Landfill Space.The generation of construction and Productivity destruction of nonrenewable resources, and the demolition debris and subsequent disposal of that impacts that loss would have on future generations. debris in a landfill would be an irretrievable, adverse Short-term uses of the biophysical components of the Construction and operation of the proposed FBI impact. Construction contractors would be expected to human environment include direct impacts, usually HQ would involve the irreversible and irretrievable recycle debris that is generated to the greatest extent related to construction activities, which occur over a commitment of materials, energy, biological resources possible. Recycling wastes would reduce irretrievable short-term period of construction. Long-term uses of and soil, landfill space, and human resources. The impacts on landfills. Consolidation of FBI HQ at either the human environment include those impacts that impacts to these resources would be permanent. the Greenbelt or Landover Alternatives would result in occur over a period extending beyond construction, landfilled debris from the current paved lots that exist. Materials. Material resources irretrievably used for a including permanent resource loss. This loss is The future redevelopment of the JEH parcel under consolidated FBI HQ would include steel, concrete, tempered by the already developed state of many RFDS 2 and the Springfield Alternative would generate and other building materials. Such materials are not in of the alternative sites, so there would be less of a waste from the demolition of buildings containing short supply and would not be expected to limit other trade-off of long-term productivity where productivity of hazardous material, including asbestos that would unrelated construction activities. The preferential use resources has already been affected. need to be disposed of properly, not landfilled. of recycled building materials would reduce the overall amount of materials used for building construction. Human Resources. The use of human resources for construction is considered an irretrievable loss only in that it would preclude such personnel from engaging in other work activities.

U.S. General Services Administration 620 FBI Headquarters Consolidation Draft Environmental Impact Statement