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CHAN 9917 Front.Qxd 17/7/07 4:25 Pm Page 1 CHAN 9917 Front.qxd 17/7/07 4:25 pm Page 1 CHAN 9917 CHANDOS CHAN 9917 BOOK.qxd 17/7/07 4:26 pm Page 2 Max Reger (1873–1916) Psalm 100, Op. 106* 27:49 for mixed choir, orchestra and organ Reworked by Paul Hindemith (1895–1963) 1 ‘Jauchzet dem Herrn alle Welt! …’ – 10:10 2 ‘Erkennet, daß der Herr Gott ist! …’ – 6:21 3 ‘Gehet zu seinen Toren ein …’ – 2:52 4 ‘Denn der Herr ist freundlich …’ 8:21 Variations and Fugue on a Theme of Mozart, Op. 132 31:50 Royal Academy of Music/Lebrecht Academy Royal 5 Theme. Andante grazioso 2:25 6 Variation I. L’istesso tempo 2:27 7 Variation II. Poco agitato 1:56 8 Variation III. Con moto 1:23 9 Variation IV. Vivace 0:44 10 Variation V. Quasi presto 2:02 11 Variation VI. Sostenuto 2:34 12 Variation VII. Andante grazioso 2:50 13 Variation VIII. Molto sostenuto 5:58 14 Fugue. Allegretto grazioso 9:25 TT 59:45 Russian State Symphonic Cappella* Russian State Symphony Orchestra under Valeri Polyansky 3 CHAN 9917 BOOK.qxd 17/7/07 4:26 pm Page 4 societies, undertook concert tours (including movements – Allegro, Andante, Scherzo Reger: Psalm 100/Mozart Variations one to England in 1909), and in 1911 and Finale – and the orchestral writing accepted the post of conductor of the famous is very complex, the harmonic style highly Meiningen Orchestra which, thirty years chromatic, and the choral writing (basically Johann Baptist Joseph Maximilian Reger was at the hands of the New German Romantics, earlier, had been in the hands of Hans von in four parts but often with each further born on 19 March 1873 in the Bavarian were small-scale, such as violin sonatas and Bülow. He held this post until shortly before sub-divided into two or three) not easy to village of Brand but grew up in the nearby chamber music. During the 1890s he also the First World War in 1914, whereupon he master. The music is by turns homophonic, town of Weiden. He had an amateur began lasting friendships with the settled in Jena and embarked upon a fruitful almost chorale-like, then lightly graceful, but musical parentage and at the age of eleven pianist/composers Eugen d’Albert and period of creative composition, producing it culminates in a masterful double fugue began keyboard studies with the town’s Ferruccio Busoni. mainly chamber music but also choral works through which, on brass and organ, slowly organist, Adalbert Lindner, as well as playing In 1896 Reger was drafted into the army, with orchestra. On 11 May 1916, whilst on thunders the tune of the familiar chorale stringed instruments. His studies were but the experience was to prove both a concert tour, Reger died of heart failure ‘Ein’ feste Burg’. Throughout the work an polarised round the two great German mentally and physically debilitating, resulting in his hotel room in Leipzig, aged only extremely broad range of dynamics as well masters Bach and Beethoven, and it was in a nervous breakdown. He returned to his forty-three. as pauses are used to dramatic effect, as are Lindner who in 1890 sent some of the parents in Weiden where, in 1898, he In 1881 Brahms had presented Breslau subtle changes in tempo, but it is the text young man’s early compositions to the produced works for the organ; but it was in University with his Academic Festival which dictates the character of the music at famous theoretician Hugo Riemann in 1899 that his career received a boost through Overture; it was a similar gesture of thanks any given moment. One admirer of Psalm Sondershausen. Reger was accepted by the interest of Richard Strauss, who helped by Reger to Jena University, which had 100 was the composer Paul Hindemith. Riemann, who soon moved to Wiesbaden to forge a link with a Munich-based music awarded him an honorary doctorate in In 1958, towards the end of his life, he and took the young man with him as his publisher. In 1901 Reger moved to the 1908, that produced Psalm 100, Op. 106 produced an edition of the work which amanuensis. Two years earlier, in 1888, Bavarian capital, where he married; then in for mixed choir, orchestra and organ. thinned out the orchestration, particularly Reger had attended the reopening of the 1907 he was appointed a professor of It dates from 1908–09, and the first part in the case of the four horns, removed much Bayreuth Festival, revived five years after composition at Leipzig University. By this of the work was performed on 31 July 1908 of the organ’s shadowing of the choral parts Wagner’s death. There Reger heard both time he had reached his one hundredth under Fritz Stein at the degree ceremony to allow them to be heard more clearly, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg and Parsifal, opus number in published compositions which formed part of the celebrations for reassigned vocal lines to instruments as new operas that made a huge impact upon the and was second only to Strauss in terms the 350th anniversary of the university’s choral entries of the fugue appeared, and cut impressionable young man. His early of being the most performed of living foundation. It was first performed in its eleven bars (255–265 inclusive) of the compositions, which sought to reconcile the German composers. He had a reputation entirety at Chemnitz on 23 February 1910 double fugue to tighten the structure. It is contrapuntal structures of the baroque with as a prodigious organist, conductor and under the composer’s direction. The work this version which has been used in the the deconstruction of conventional harmony pedagogue, directed various German choral has a unified symphonic structure of four present recording. 4 5 CHAN 9917 BOOK.qxd 17/7/07 4:26 pm Page 6 The orchestral Variations and Fugue on a the eight variations, and by the end the Polyansky and the Russian State After graduating from the Moscow State Theme of Mozart, Op. 132 were written in original theme has been transformed, Symphonic Cappella have toured extensively, Conservatory, Valeri Polyansky attended a 1914, in Reger’s so-called ‘free Jena style’, and dissected and rebuilt into a free fantasia. to much critical acclaim, both in Russia postgraduate course in opera and symphonic given their first performance on New Year’s Like Psalm 100 the Mozart Variations and abroad. conducting, for which he studied with Day 1915 under Reger’s direction. The form culminate in an extensive double fugue with Gennady Rozhdestvensky. was a popular one with the composer, for he the theme making a triumphant, apocalyptic The Russian State Symphony Orchestra, Valeri Polyansky began his professional career had already used music by Bach, Telemann, return on the brass. This climax is a or Soviet Philharmonic Orchestra as it conducting at the Moscow Operetta Theatre Beethoven and Hiller, as well as the British contrapuntal challenge to which the was originally called, was formed by the and at the Bolshoi Theatre. During this time national anthem and an original theme of his composer easily rises, for he himself said, conductor Gennady Rozhdestvensky. It has he also worked with all the leading symphony own, as sources for sets of variations for either ‘others make fugues, I can do nothing else made numerous concert tours throughout orchestras of Moscow. In 1992 he became orchestra or keyboard. Mozart’s theme begins but live in them’. Russia, Europe, the USA and Japan and has Artistic Director and Principal Conductor what is arguably the most popular of his performed alongside many world-famous of the Russian State Symphonic Cappella piano sonatas, K331 in A major, and is © 2002 Christopher Fifield musicians and conductors including and Russian State Symphony Orchestra. followed by six variations. Reger, however, Sir Yehudi Menuhin, Nikolai Petrov, He has wide connections with other goes further and produces eight. This is the The first concert performance, on Yuri Bashmet, Vladimir Spivakov and leading Russian and international symphony best known of his works, written during a 1 December 1971, of the Moscow Zubin Mehta. orchestras; he has conducted the State period of convalescence after a breakdown Conservatory Student Choir, later to become Since 1992, when the Orchestra toured Chamber Orchestra of Belorussia, the in his health brought on by exhaustion. the choir of the Russian State Symphonic the USA, Canada, Germany, Spain, Italy, Helsinki Symphony Orchestra and the Taipei The composer’s strong belief in tradition Cappella, under Valeri Polyansky (also a Austria, Japan and Taiwan, it has been Symphony Orchestra. He was involved with is highlighted in his preference for elaborate student at the Conservatory) is considered conducted by Valeri Polyansky and has a production of Tchaikovsky’s Eugene Onegin polyphony and strict form. However, in a way to mark the choir’s foundation. given innumerable concerts together at the Gothenburg Music Theatre in Sweden very reminiscent of Humperdinck, his skills In 1975 the choir, under Polyansky, won with the Russian State Symphonic and in 1993 was Principal Conductor at the as an instrumental colourist (divided strings, gold and bronze medals at the international Cappella. Gothenburg Festival. three flutes and a harp but no trombones or competition of polyphonic choirs ‘Guido percussion) and his genius in the art of d’Arezzo’ in Italy. This was the first time in varying a theme are at their finest in this the history of the Russian choral tradition work. He described the Variations as ‘full that a choir had been awarded a prize in an of grace, free of all earthly weight, completely international competition.
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