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Peculiarities for Agricultural Techonolgy of Gentiana Lutea

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Peculiarities for Agricultural Techonolgy of Gentiana Lutea Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2015 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 PECULIARITIES FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHONOLGY OF GENTIANA LUTEA Camelia SAVA SAND Lucian Blaga University from Sibiu, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Engineering and Environment Protection, 5-7 Dr. Ioan Ratiu, Sibiu, Sibiu County, Romania Email:[email protected] Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The increased demand for the pharmaceutical market puts pressure on the wild species which on the other hand need to be protected. Collecting the wild plant species for pharmaceutical purpose may became a threat for the conservation of rare species such as Gentiana lutea which was declared as protected species for Romania since 1977. The purpose of this article was to develop a technology for the cultivation of this species as a crop plant. The starting material may be either seeds either seedlings, each of them involving different negative or positive aspects. The produced rhizomes morphometrically characterized and production were calculated. The entire technological chain is described and it may be considered that Gentiana lutea may become a valuable crop species for producers as well as for the pharmaceutical industry. Key words: crops, field cultivation, Gentiana lutea, pharmaceuticals, Romania INTRODUCTION high altitudes on rocky places, through meadows, sunny slopes in culture this species Among the species of Gentiana genus, was zoned in wet and cool-Carpathian regions Gentiana lutea L. (i.e. popular name rifling) is or counties perimeter areas such as Brasov, known as one of the most valuable medicinal Sibiu and Neamţ [5]. The scope of this article plant. It is part of Romania wild flora and it is to present relevant parts on the entire flow can be today harvested only in nature. After of cultivation technology of the species. 1971, this species was declared as nature monument species by the Romanian MATERIALS AND METHODS Academy, with clear restrictions for being collected from the wild flora in our country. The technology of Gentiana lutea is presented This was the momentum when research in line with the current specification known started for initiating the cultivation of this for the crop plants. species. The biology of the species was Seeds are originating from the nature, Braşov studied by Heltmann [4],[5],[6] and natural county, the Postăvaru Mountains and dissemination gave some clues for its use as morphological traits of the rhizomes were crop species. determined such as: length, diameter, weight. Attempts to introduce Gentiana lutea in The experimental field was conducted in culture were reported in various countries Braşov area at an altitude of 500 m, 200 m such as: Russia (in the southwest region of the less compared to the natural habitat. Altai Mountains), in the Baltic Republics, near Kiev [2], [3], [7], [8], [9], [10] and [11]. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Following recent concerns related to food security and climate change [1] for the use of Rotation plot this species it was considered that the Gentiana lutea L. is a perennial plant, and as variability of the species is low in terms of such are grown outside the crop rotation. differences among different populations in Making culture is mainly by planting Europe. Given that in our country meets at seedlings and for this reason it is 449 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2015 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 recommended that prior working the land, culture. Phosphorus and potassium may be cleaning the field of weeds. It was observed supplied in an amount of 150-180 kg/ha, that the cultivation of Gentiana is followed by respectively, 120-150 kg/ha active, half of the invasiveness of the weedy species which which fall in basic work to prepare the ground are removing, for the first stages the and the other half, the two "equally in autumn installation of the seedlings. In case of crops for the 1st and 2nd culture. rotation we are recommending crops for green Autumn, with deep ploughing is given and fodder legume species with a short period of calcium (4-5 t / ha) and manure in the amount vegetation (peas, beans pods) and grain crops of 25-30 t / ha. are then able to follow this species (Photo 1). Fertilizers applied during the growing season during performing incorporating mechanical hoeing. Well fermented manure has a favourable action on the production of roots, the recommended dose of 20-40 t / ha should be administered prior plant. Soil preparation Abolition of previous culture is a compulsory and therefore the destruction by chopping crop residues remaining from previous crop field will be needed. Along with shredding plant debris, the land must undergo basic work. It is impossible to start a culture without the profound working of the soil. The Photo 1. Gentiana lutea L. in its natural habitat seedlings are very sensitive in the first period of acclimation. Fertilization The requirements for quality and time of soil The research that has been done so far has yet working are greater if Gentian is seeded to determine fertilizer needs of the plant. directly in the field. Thus, the acclimation will Following our results we can appreciate that be faster in case you use seeds instead of phosphorus is making a significant seedlings. contribution to the formation of the root We recommend in the first stage a land system and increase plant vigour. Nitrogen plowing at 28-32 cm depth using 2 or 3 and potassium in combination with other reversible plows furrows in aggregate harrow nutrients, creates favourable balance stars. If the soil is dry, it first executes a work harmonious growth and development of surface plow or disc harrow, following that plants. Rifling requires calcium supplements deep plowing to make optimum soil moisture. which is also due to the calcareous substrate it It has to be at least similar to the moisture is growing in the wild and which is highly from the natural conditions into the contributing to the healthy status of the plant. mountains. In organic culture a beneficial contribution Prepare seedbed for crop establishment of has the application of manure as a source of grooves requires attention. The land must be nutrients and the possibility of improving the loose and cut to a depth of 18-20 cm to ensure physical properties of soil condition and optimum water storage and root development. approaching those prevailing culture in Seedbed preparation is done by combiner or spontaneous flora. in aggregate with disc harrow teeth and In terms of the ratio of macronutrients (NPK), adjustable to achieve a small and uniform we recommend a ratio of 1: 1.5 :1. Nitrogen surface layer. Soil loosening must be made may be applied in doses of 120-150 kg/ha from a crossing unit without reversing the active ingredient of which 1/3 spring planting, nd rd layers to soil water is lost through evaporation and 2/3 years springs, for the 2 and 3 of process. 450 Scientific Papers Series Management, Economic Engineering in Agriculture and Rural Development Vol. 15, Issue 1, 2015 PRINT ISSN 2284-7995, E-ISSN 2285-3952 In cultures established by direct seeding field recommendation is to sow fresh seed in the is mandatory roller work layer before and fall. Emergence is difficult to occur next after seeding with smooth rollers. spring, quite late for Romania conditions When planting the seedling, the demands on (April-May). seedbed preparation are not as high. The plants remain in layer until the fall or Propagation next spring when planting is definitely the Gentian is multiplied by seed or in vegetative place to plot. stage. However the generative propagation is Technical parameters – planting distance and the most easy to be used even the genetic sowing depth variability may be expressed. The distance between rows, whether directly Sowing directly in the field or use seedlings sown or planted seedling is 50 cm. In the case are methods for taking into account local of the seedling planting, the distance between conditions and possibilities and weighing the the plants in billons ranges between 15 and 20 economic aspects as well as the soil cm. The same size range between plants in the conservation issues. billon is left by thinning when culture is Planting of seedlings is a propagating safer achieved by sowing in billon further away. but more expensive and requires the existence The density of the culture may be 10 to 14 of a labour force. On contrary sowing directly plants / m2. in the field is conditioned by the lack of In cold layers, the distance between billons is weeds in a crop land for rifling. 12.5 to 15 cm. The recovered seedlings may be used in filling the gaps. The distance between plants in the billon will be higher (40-50 cm) on seed lots that are held separately from the surface to produce roots. Seeding depth is between 0.5 and 1.5 cm. Special care is given to planting depth when executing this work to the era of the fall. Plants are buried in soil at 1.5-2 cm more than the depth at which they grew up in layers. In the case of standard seed or seedling for a hectare of Gentiana lutea are used 4-6 kg of Photo 2. Gentiana lutea as a crop species in the field seeds which must have physical purity experiment between 80 and 85% and a germination of at least 50-40%. Culture establishment Given the long period interval is It is a highly important link in the technology recommended seed germination of indicator and culture of this species requiring the plants (lettuce, mustard) to carry out blind preparation in advance by taking into account hoeing between billons.
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