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Traditions and Change – Sustainable Futures PROCEEDINGS http://cima2017.publicon.ee 18th triennial Congress of International Association of Agricultural Museums (AIMA) Hosted by Estonian Agricultural Museum Co-financed by Estonian Ministry of Rural Affairs Secretariat Publicon PCO Ltd Print version sponsored by Proceedings compiled by Merli Sild Scientific Committee: Debra Reid, Kerry-Leigh Burchill, Oliver Douglas, Merli Sild, Rando Värnik Proofreading by Piret Hion Design and layout by Marat Viires ISBN 978-9949-9933-2-1 ISBN 978-9949-9933-3-8 (pdf) Downloadable at www.agriculturalmuseums.org www.maaelumuuseumid.ee Printed by Vali Press Ltd Introduction to CIMA XVIII The purpose of AIMA is to educate the public about the significance of agriculture to human society, to explain the many ways that agriculture has evolved through time, and facilitate dialogue between museums across the globe about agricultural topics and discoveries. Today, museums face a momentous task of keeping up with changes while keeping alive the invaluable past. At AIMA’s triennial congress CIMA XVIII we focussed on how traditions and rural heritage can be used to create changes for sustainable futures. Agricultural museums take many forms – they operate as research institutions, as places of civic dialogue, and as repositories of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Their collections grew during periods when rapid outmigration from rural and farm settings prompted public memorialisation of rural and farm expe- riences. The following questions were addressed: 1. How can rural heritage be used to ensure global food safety? 2. Should modern museums expand missions to incorporate the current social reactions to agricultural controversies (such as GMOs, government regulation, and chemical applications and environmental effects)? 3. How do modern agricultural museums collect, preserve, and interpret social changes that have influenced/are influencing agriculture and rural life? 4. How do your museum’s collections, exhibitions and activities introduce historical memory and practices? 5. How does your museum influence public opinion about agriculture (past, present, and future)? 6. How has your institution harnessed external partnerships to encourage discovery beyond the traditional agriculture museum experience? 7. What pressures from outside of your museum affect your daily operations or ability to plan in the long term? What strategies do you implement for proactive planning? 8. How do current issues affect your research, exhibition, and public programming goals? 3 TALLINN TARTU 4 Merli Sild AIMA President, Chair of Organising Committee It was a pleasure and a privilege to host CIMA XVIII in Estonia in 2017. I thank all who attended and contributed to our workshops, tours and plenary sessions. I sincerely hope that our Congress gave us all new ideas, new friends and fresh vigour to carry on with our day-to-day activities – with more cooperation and sharing to look forward to in the future. 5 Illar Lemetti Chancellor of Ministry of Rural Affairs of Estonia CIMA XVIII, the 18th Congress of AIMA focussed on the use of rural life heritage and traditions, to manage changes beneficial for sustainable future. The task is truly commendable. Just like in any other sphere of life, the role players of agricultural sector search for ways to use cultural heritage to pep up economy and improve our well-being in general. The history of agriculture is also the history of mankind. Men started first attempts to domesticate different species of plants and animals approximately 10,000 years ago. In Estonia, land cultivation dates to 4,000...3,000 years BC. The oldest traces of pollen of oats were found from Northern Estonia and originate from the beginning of the same area. Many signs of agricultural processes can be found in our landscapes, but inevitably, everything created by men is perishable and will one day disappear. Therefore, the work done by our agricultural museums that preserve both material and intellectual property created by our ancestors, is truly very important. Today’s agriculture in Estonia can be described as diversified. We cultivate various crops, are among the most successful dairy producers in Europe and rank among the first with the proportion of land used for organic farming; beef cattle farming has developed fast and despite our northern climate we attach high value to the development of horticulture. We rely on our history in many areas of activity. Cultivation and use of probably oldest registered rye variety in the world, called Sangaste and bred in Estonia, serves as one of the examples. Estonia can boast with a number of other varieties and species with a history that have become inseparable from our cultural history. 150 years ago, a decision was taken to establish a centre for the development of horse sector in Estonia. Development of a new horse breed was one of the results of the work, done by the centre. Today, the Government of Estonia has allocated 6 funding for the renovation of the historical buildings of the equestrian centre in Tori and rehabilitation of its activities. I do believe that this will become one of the best examples of making the most of our history and the achievements of our ancestors to promote rural life today. The work done by museums and their staff in preserving and recording agriculture, introducing our agriculture and cultural history to the population, educating children and the youth, introducing our national cuisine and popularisation of healthy eating and many other spheres is worth the deepest respect. 7 Table of Contents Introduction to CIMA XVIII ................................................................................ 3 Welcoming Addresses ........................................................................................... 4 Merli Sild, AIMA President, Chair of Organising Committee ....................... 5 Illar Lemetti, Chancellor of Ministry of Rural Affairs ................................... 6 Foreword. The history of AIMA: a personal perspective Ted (E.J.T.) Collins .................................................................................................................. 12 Workshop 1: Sustainable Agriculture - Past and Future. Fibre Plants ..... 20 OUR MUSEUM’S ACTIVITIES FOR DISSEMINATION OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE Dorota Matela ................................................................................................ 21 WATER AND APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY BY RICE CULTIVATION PLOUGH OF WIDE AND MEDIUM-LONG SOLE Hisashi Horio ................................................................................................. 27 CHALLENGES & OPPORTUNITIES IN SAFEGUARDING THE CULTURE OF THE BELGIAN DRAFT HORSE Chantal Bisschop ........................................................................................... 32 GROWING FLAX AND HEMP IN SLOVENIA TODAY Barbara Sosič ................................................................................................. 38 130 YEARS OF AGRICULTURAL VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AT OLUSTVERE SCHOOL OF SERVICE AND RURAL ECONOMICS Arnold Pastak ................................................................................................ 45 KEEPING FLAX CULTIVATION TRADITIONS ALIVE AT ESTONIAN AGRICULTURAL MUSEUM Kerle Kadak ................................................................................................... 52 THE SHEEP, THE DOG AND THE SHEPHERD. A RURAL HERITAGE AT CHANGE? Anne Jorunn Frøyen ..................................................................................... 58 HOW THE KNOWLEDGE OF BUCKWHEAT CULTIVATION AND CONSUMPTION IN THE PAST CAN HELP TO DEVELOP THAT CULTURE TO FEED IN INCREASING POPULATION IN THE FRAME OF A SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE? (in French) Marie-Christine Aubin ....................................................................................... 60 8 Workshop Summary Oliver Douglas, Rando Värnik ...................................................................... 84 Workshop 2: Museum Education and Research ............................................ 88 THE ROLE OF LIVESTOCK IN THE ACTIVITIES OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRICULTURAL FOOD INDUSTRY IN SZRENIAWA Julia Hanulewicz, Małgorzata Pietrza ......................................................... 89 USING NATURE MATERIALS IN WORKSHOPS FOR CHILDREN IN LATVIA Margita Poriete …........................................................................................... 94 FOOD AND WAR IN BELGIUM: RURAL AND CULINARY HERITAGE OF THE GREAT WAR Yves Segers .................................................................................................. 101 PROJECT DEADLY DREAMS. THE CULTURAL HISTORY OF POISON Anne Jorunn Frøyen ................................................................................... 103 WORKSHOPS FOR ROMANIAN PEASANT CALENDAR Andreea Panait ............................................................................................... 104 PASSING ON TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND BUILDING SKILLS AT THE ESTONIAN OPEN AIR MUSEUM Elo Lutsepp .................................................................................................. 112 Workshop Summary Isabel Hughes .............................................................................................. 118 Workshop 3: Conservation and Restoration. Digital Media in Museums ... 120 CULTURAL HERITAGE – RESEARCH INTO INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS AND METHODS FOR HISTORIC WOOD CONSERVATION Paulina Kryg ................................................................................................
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