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– Food in Basel – – Klybeck Island: Harbor –

KLYBECK ISLAND: HERB HARBOR

– 2 – – 3 – – Food in Basel – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –

KLYBECK ISLAND: HERB HARBOR

INTRODUCTION LOCATION IN BASEL TRANSFORMATION OF KLYBECK ISLAND SITE PHOTOS ONGOING PROJECTS POTENTIAL AS INTERIM URBAN GARDEN? URBAN CULTIVATION OF HERB INTRODUCTION SPECIES STUDY CONTAINER AS CULTIVATION METHOD HERB HARBOR STRATEGIES MASTERPLAN SEASONAL SCENARIOS YIELD AND ECONOMIC VALUE BEYOND THE YIELD URBAN CHARACTER AND POPULARIZATION

ETH Studio Basel Contemporary City Institute Yifei Wang

Prof. Jacques Herzog, Prof. Pierre de Meuron Lisa Euler, Manuel Herz, Charlotte von Moos, Shadi Rahbaran

Fall Semester 2011

– 564 – – 565 – – Food in Basel – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –

INTRODUCTION

– 566 – – 567 – – Food in Basel – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –

Location in Basel

The site (marked with red background) is Klybeck Island.

It locates by the Rhine and near to the trinational border and belongs to Klybeck Quatier in Basel Stadt.

Basel Stadt and Surroundings 1:50000

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Siegfriedkarte 1880 1:25000 Source: www.swisstopo.ch Siegfriedkarte 1890 1:25000 Source: www.swisstopo.ch Siegfriedkarte 1918 1:25000 Source: www.swisstopo.ch Siegfriedkarte 1928 1:25000 Source: www.swisstopo.ch

Transformation of Klybeck Island

The site used to be an island until the end of 19th Century. Due to rapid urban development of Basel Stadt as well as the expansion of urban settlements, the transformation of the is- land took place.

With gap artifcially flled gradually since 20th Century, the is- land began to merge into mainland geographically.

The port of Switzerland use this site as harbor since 1920s and excavated two inner harbor basins afterwards. The circulation of the city developed at the same time, Dreirosenbrüke was built in 1940s.

The whole harbor area has stayed alomst the same since Siegfriedkarte 1945 1:25000 Source: www.swisstopo.ch City Map 2011 1:25000 Source: www.stadtplan.bs.ch 1940s till now.

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Site Photos

2 1 3

4 1 2 5

6

3 4 7

5 6 8

Airial View 1:10000 Source: map.google.ch 7 8

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Ongoing Projects Interim Use Klybeckquai 3land

Transformation of harbor area in city is currently a hot topic all over the world. There has been such discussion since 2003 in Basel, the only Harbor City in Switzerland. Westquaistrasse

Wiese

Wiesendamm Since 2012, the harbor is fnally been replanned and will be translocated. As a result, the new vision 3land of the former

Rhein

site comes out as well as calling for interim use proposal. Altrheinweg

ExEsso

ExEsso

Harbor Harbor Steiger für Perspective, 3land Hotelschiffe Harbor reserviert Harbor 270 m Expansion Rastatterstrasse Expansion

Rhein Altrheinweg Ackerstrasse Harbor Railway

Harbor Steiger für Lotseneinstieg Railway Inselstrasse

reserviert m 135 Migrol Kleinhüningerstrasse

Schlossgasse

Klybeckstrasse Holderstrasse

Harbor Area in 2011 Planned Harbor Area from 2012

Abstellgleis für Güterwaggons von 05 - 19 Uhr 2012 2015 2020 Altrheinweg

Promenade durch Zaun vom Rhein Zwischennutzung Klybeckquai abgetrennt

Vision 3land

Rhein Unterer Rheinweg Unterer

Masterplan, 3land N

0 50m 100m

Zwischennutzung Klybeckquai – Flächenangebot

Uferpromenade ExEsso: vermietbare Fläche

Wasserfläche ExEsso: periodisch nutzbare Fläche

vorh. Anschlusspunkt mögl. Anschlusspunkte

Site of Compettion, Interim Use Klybeckquai Different Time and Space of Intervention of Two Projects: 3land and Interim Use Klybeckquai Source: planungsamt.bs.ch (result will be announced in June 2012)

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POTENTIAL AS INTERIM URBAN GARDEN?

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Soil quality Precipitation*

The soil of the site in Basel is pseudogley. The average precipitation is 720mm annually.

This soil is with a perched water table showing redoximorphic It changes mildly through one year, reach the climax in August features caused by surface water. Pseudogley are periodically and hit the bottom in December and January, wet and mottled in the topsoil and subsoil, with or without concretions and/or bleaching.

The agricultural suitability of it is limited because of its oxygen defciency resulting from stagnating water above a dense sub- soil. Therefore, they have to be drained.

Source: REKLIP Ground at Site Average Precipitation in One Year Which worth to be noticed is that due to long time industrial use, ground might be contaiminated.

Temperature* Humidity*

Geographically, Basel belongs to Temperate Zone in terms of The average precipitation is 720mm annually. temperature AND THE YEARLY AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS AROUND 10oC. It changes temperately between 65% to 85% relative humid- ity. It peaked in December or January and valleyed in April.

The average temperature is 0oC IN JANUARY, 9oC IN APRIL, 19oC

IN JULY, 11oC IN OCTOBER.THE AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IN VEGETATION

PERIOD (FROM APRIL TO SEPTEMBER) IS 15oC AND THE YEARLY AVER-

AGE TEMPERATURE IS AROUND 10oC.

Average Temperature in One Year Source: REKLIP Average Humidity and Air Pressure in One Year Source: REKLIP

Sun Exposure*

The average time of sun exposure is 5.5h/day, average Summarily, the soil is not ft for produc- strength is 3000 kwh/m2. tion, if use site for agriculture, soil should be transported from other natural sites or spe- These differ according to season, 2h/day and 800kwh/m2,in cialized company such as Ökohum. January, 5h/day in April and 3600kwh/m2, 7h/day in July and 5600 kwh/m2, 3h/day and 2200 kwh/m2 in October. The climate is good for most of the edible . *All data is not from the site specifcally, but from the nearest climate station.

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Rhenus

Grisard

ExEsso Novartis Gondrand Migrol

Site Plan 1:5000

Potential of Interim Use?

SIte connects the settlement of Klybeck and Rhine, but used to be blocked from settlment. Site: Klybeck Island Major part is railway area, once the harbor translocate, it is going to be abandoned before 3land vision, Mainly Harbor Railway ExEsso used to be a fuel oil company and has already been demolished, Migrol is also fuel oil company, at site are mainly the Existing and Staying Construction oil tanks for storage use which are being demolished now, estimately be fnished in Aug.2012, Demolished and Being Demolished Construction Rhenus, Grisard, Gondrand are logistic companies, which need to be stayed at leat till 2015.

What could 3-year interim use mean for food? Is there any food production potential in this site? Which food? Coul this site become urban garden?

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URBAN CULTIVATION OF HERB

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Features of Herb

Perishability Economic Value Fresh herb leaves are considered perishable items mainly due In the city area, the shotage of usable land is always a prob- to extremely high generated nitrite after harvesting. lem. The herb production could effciently use the land but can If not freshly used, It should keep in the vacuum package in generate a relative high economic value, compare to other refrigerator. This would keep it for 3-4 days. vegetables, fruits or meat production in terms of space they take and price per weight. In order to let urban inhabitants to have fresh , proximity to the city of herb production is one practical solution. Moreover, the herbs takes extreme shorter time to harvest, even 10 days for certain species. Some herbs can be harvest- ed on and off for a whole year. So it fts well for interim use.

Chinese fresh(u.) and after two days. Herb sold in Marktplatz,Basel Herb in a Chinese dish

Visual and Olfactory Quality Nutritional and Medicinal Effect Introduction Almost all the herbs provide different and pleasant visual and The herb is also an indispensable element in many top-class olfactory experiences, they have unique and elegant forms of dishes as well as takeaways. leave as well as refreshing and fragrant smell. Defnition of Herb Besides the fact of garnishment and favory, some herbs pro- Hence some herbs are used in garden or bonsai for aesthetic vide microelement and vitamin which is very healthy. such as Generally, herb has two different meaings according to Cam- appreciation and some are used in cosmetic or perfume in- is very rich in Vitamin K. bridge Dictionary. dustry. Herbs are regulated just like a dietary supplement, some are full of antioxidants that maintain health and slow aging.Many One is for botanically use, it means herbaceous plant, a plant herbs have medicinal effect. lacking a permanent woody stem; regardless of its favor, scent or other properties, and thus includes only grass-like plants and forb.

The other one is for common use, it means a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give favour to particular dishes, or which are used in making medicine.

In terms of food, here the author just take the defnition of common use.Culinary used herb, specifcally are food or drink additives of mostly botanical origin used for favoring or color- Herb as decoration in wedding Source: westaussiewed- Herb pestled into medicinal use Source: http://healthx- ing. ding.typepad.com wellness.com

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Historical Aspect Parameters of Herb

Charlemagne once said “An herb is the friend of physicians Function and the praise of cooks.”

Edible Man has had a long and loving relationship with herbs.Herbs have been used since prehistoric times.Ancient Romans and Greeks crowned their leaders with and laurel. The Romans also used dill to purify the air. In the Middle Ages, herbs were often used to help preserve meat as well as covering the rot- ting taste of meals that couldn’t be refrigerated. dishes/desserts tea wine oil

Laurel in Ancient Greek source:http://www.rackcdn.com Now the medicinal herb system is mainly based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which can be dated back 2000 to 3000 years.

Many herbs are used differently in cuisine all over the world sweets now and herb planting has a huge market potential. Medicinal Cosmetic

“An Outline Treatise of Medical Herbs”, 1578, sources: http://photo.99ys.com cream/soap perfume essential oil Herb in Switerland Ornamental Spiritual Landscape Recreational

Though herbs have got a long history of naturally growing, for instance, idelweiss as a typical alpine herb, yet professional herb planting begins after 1900 in Switerland.

Herb planting has increased in last 30 years but is still relative Longevity small scale. Currently there are 250 hectares of herb plant- Many culinary herbs are perennials such as or lavender, while others are biennials such as or annuals like basil. ing land and about 200 producers,mostly small and provide organic production. Total yield is c.a. 350 ton annualy. Mophology Most Herbs are botanically herbs would grow to 20-90cm. Some perennial herbs are shrubs (such as ), or trees (such However, herbs are also very popular and wanted in Switzer- as bay laurel), this contrasts with botanical herbs, which by defnition cannot be woody plants. In terms of colour or size, every land, especially certain kinds such as basil, and herb differs from each other. sage etc. are very well selled. In order to satisfy the market de- mand, Switzerland import herbs from other countries,mostly Scent & Flavour in Europe. In terms of Scent or Taste, every herb has a unique one.

Required condition This refers to demand on soil, water, temperature, sun exposure as well as labour work.

Economic Value Culinary herbs are almost all very expensive in Switzerland compared to other fruits or vegetables, but there is still apparent difference among them. Edelweiss in Switzerland source:http://www.agrigate.ch

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Incomplete List of Culinary Herbs

Food or drink additives of mostly botanical origin used for favoring or coloring. Fictional plants such as aglaophotis, or recrea- tional herbs such as tobacco and marijuana, or purely medicinal or other used herbs such as valerian are not inclusive in the list. which purely use the fruit, seeds or other parts than leaves of herb are also not inclusive.

List (ordered alphabetically by name) e.g.Name (Botanical name)

Alexanders (Smyrnium olusatrum) Costmary (Tanacetum balsamita) Lesser calamint (Calamintha nepeta) Savory, summer ( hortensis) Alkanet (Alkanna tinctoria) Cuban (Plectranthus amboinicus) Licorice, (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Savory, winter (Satureja montana) (Pimenta dioica) Cudweed (Gnaphalium spp.) (Levisticum offcinale) (Rumex acetosa) Angelica () Culantro, culangot, long () Sorrel, sheep (Rumex acetosella) (Pimpinella anisum) (Cuminum cyminum) Mahlab, St. Lucie cherry (Prunus mahaleb) Star anise () (Bixa orellana) Malabathrum, tejpat () (Rhus coriaria) Apple mint ( suaveolens) Dill (Anethum graveolens) (Origanum majorana) Sweet woodruff () (Ferula assafoetida) Marsh mallow (Althaea offcinalis) Asarabacca (Asarum europaeum) Epazote () (Pistacia lentiscus) (Artemisia dracunculus) Avens (Geum urbanum) Mint (Mentha spp.) 25 species, hundreds of varieties Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Avocado leaf (Peresea americana) (Foeniculum vulgare) Mountain horopito (Pseudowintera colorata) Thyme, lemon (Thymus × citriodorus) ( foenum-graecum) Musk mallow, abelmosk (Abelmoschus moschatus) Basil, sweet (Ocimum basilicum) Fingerroot, krachai, temu kuntji ( rotunda) (Vanilla planifolia) Basil, lemon (Ocimum × citriodorum) Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) Vietnamese balm () Basil, Thai (O. basilicum var. thyrsifora) chives () Njangsa, djansang ( heudelotii) Vietnamese coriander () Basil, Holy (Ocimum tenuiforum) Golpar, Persian hogweed () (Myristica fragrans) () Watercress (Rorippa nasturtium-aquatica) (Peumus boldus) (Armoracia rusticana) Olida (Eucalyptus olida) Wild betel (Piper sarmentosum) () (Borago offcinalis) Huacatay, Mexican marigold () Oregano (Origanum vulgare, other spiecies) Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) Blue fenugreek, blue melilot () Hyssop (Hyssopus offcinalis) Orris root (Iris germanica, I. forentina, I. pallida) Willow herb (Epilobium parviforum) Wintergreen (Gaultheria procumbens) Calendula, pot marigold (Calendula offcinalis) Indonesian bay leaf, daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Pandan leaf, screwpine (Pandanus amaryllifolius) Wood avens, herb bennet (Geum urbanum) Camphor laurel () Paracress (Spilanthes acmella, Soleracea) Woodruff (Galium odoratum) Canelo, Winter’s Bark (Drimys winteri) (Allium hypsistum) Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) Wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium) (Carum carvi) , (Perilla spp.) Carob (Ceratonia siliqua) Kaffr lime leaves, Makrud lime leaves (Citrus hystrix) Yerba buena (Micromeria douglasii) Catnip (Nepeta cataria) Kencur, , kentjur ( galanga) Quassia (Quassia amara) Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum) Keluak, kluwak, kepayang (Pangium edule) Zedoary () (Anthriscus cerefolium) Koseret leaves (Lippia adoensis) Ramsons, wood garlic (Allium ursinum) Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Rice paddy herb () Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) Lavender (Lavandula spp.) Rosemary (Rosmarinus offcinalis) , sweet cicely (Myrrhis odorata) (Melissa offcinalis) Rue () Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) Lemongrass ( spp.) Clary, Clary sage (Salvia sclarea) Lemon ironbark (Eucalyptus staigeriana) Sage (Salvia offcinalis) (Syzygium aromaticum) Lemon myrtle () Salad burnet (Sanguisorba minor) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) (Sassafras albidum)

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Species Study

The general selection would be 10 most common, available and main stream used culinary herbs in Switzerland, intersection of duopoly supermarkets in Switzerland(Migros and Coop), Marktplatz and Globus in Basel.

Basil Dill Parsley Sage

Chive Mint Rosemary Thyme

Coriander Oregano

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Culinary Use Culinary Use

Basil is commonly used fresh in cooked recipes. In general, it Chives are grown for their leaves, which are used for culinary is added at the last moment, as cooking quickly destroys the purposes as favoring herb, and provide a somewhat milder favor. The fresh herb can be kept for a short time in plastic favour than those of their neighbouring Allium species. bags in the refrigerator, or for a longer period in the freezer, af- ter being blanched quickly in boiling water. The dried herb also Chives have a wide variety of culinary uses, such as in tra- loses most of its favor, and what little favor remains tastes ditional dishes in France and Sweden, among others. In his very different, with a weak coumarin favor, like hay. 1806 book Attempt at a Flora (Försök til en fora), Retzius de- scribes how chives are used with pancakes, soups, fsh and Basil is one of the main ingredients in pesto, a green Italian sandwiches.They are also an ingredient of the gräddfl sauce oil-and-herb sauce. Its other main ingredients are olive oil, gar- served with the traditional herring dish served at Swedish Basil. :Ocimum/Species:O. basilicum Chive. Genus:Allium/Species:A. schoenoprasum lic, and pine nuts. midsummer celebrations. The fowers may also be used to garnish dishes. In Poland chives are served with quark cheese. Medicinal Use Chive is the smallest Medicinal Use Basil is known as Saint Jo- Compounds in basil oil have potential for use in treating can- species of the edible onions. seph’s Wort in some English- cer.In addition, basil has been shown to decrease the occur- A perennial plant, they are na- Containing numerous organosulfur compounds such as al- speaking countries,originally rence of platelet aggregation. It is traditionally used for sup- tive to Europe, Asia and North lyl sulfdes and alkyl sulfoxides, chives are reported to have from . Depending on plementary treatment of stress, asthma and diabetes in India. America.Allium schoenopra- a benefcial effect on the circulatory system. They also have the species and cultivar, the sum is the only species of mild stimulant, diuretic, and antiseptic properties. leaves may taste somewhat Other Uses Allium native to both the New like anise, with a strong, and the Old World. It grows Other Uses Ornamental. pungent, often sweet smell. It up to 20-30cm. pest discourager grows up to 50-80 cm.

Yield/Price Yield/Price

Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni- Yield of fresh leaves per year is greifswald.de/ Yield of fresh leaves per year is 5-6 kg/sqm. Source: http://biolib.de 1.5-2.5 kg/sqm.

Cultivation Cultivation Price of fresh leaves is around Price of fresh leaves is around 8.5 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) Basil is very sensitive to cold, with best growth in hot, dry 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) Chives thrive in well drained soil, rich in organic matter, with a 13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) conditions. It behaves as an annual if there is any chance of a 14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) pH of 6-7 and full sun. frost. In Northern Europe, Canada, the northern states of the Chives can be grown from seed and mature in summer, or Price of plant is around U.S., and the South Island of New Zealand it will grow best if Price of plant is around early the following spring. Typically, chives need to be germi- 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. sown under glass in a peat pot, then planted out in late spring/ 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. nated at a temperature of 15 °C to 20 °C (60 °F-70 °F) and kept early summer (when there is little chance of a frost). Addition- moist. They can also be planted under a cloche or germinated Price of processed leaves(dried) is around ally, it may be sown in soil once chance of frost is past. It fares Price of processed leaves(dried) is around indoors in cooler climates, then planted out later. After at least 28 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). best in a well-drained sunny spot.is ideal if available. They can 36 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). four weeks, the young shoots should be ready to be planted Price of processed leaves(dried and milled,top-class) is be grown even in a basement, under fuorescent lights. out. 370 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).

Planting Calendar Planting Calendar

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Seeding Seeding Blooming Blooming Harvest Harvest

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Culinary Use Culinary Use

All parts of the plant are edible, but the fresh leaves and the Consumption of fsh or meat often used it for cooking, to dried seeds are the parts most commonly used in cooking. remove the smell, the addition is also used in soups, pickles, Coriander is common in South Asian, Middle Eastern, Central bread and pickled food. Asian, Mediterranean, Indian, Tex-Mex, Latin American, Portu- guese, Chinese, African, and Scandinavian cuisine. Its fruits and seeds, harvest when not yet riped, can be used The leaves are variously referred to as coriander leaves, fresh to refne into oil consumption or make the . It can also coriander, Chinese parsley, or cilantro (in America, from the be dried to storage and consume; its leaves as a vanilla mate- Spanish name for the plant). rial, can be eaten fresh. Dry processing of leaves smell a good The fresh leaves are an ingredient in many South Asian foods fragrance, very commonly used in fsh cooking. (such as chutneys and salads), in Chinese dishes, in Mexican Coriander. Genus:Coriandrum/Species:C. sativum Dill. Genus:Anethum/Species:A. graveolens cooking, particularly in salsa and guacamole and as a garnish, Medicinal Use and in salads in Russia and other CIS countries. sed in Euro-

pean cuisine today. Dill is, depending on where Dill can be used to treat headaches, stomach and intestines to Coriander is an annual it is grown, either a perennial eliminate bad breath. For patients who have diseases such as herb in the family Apiaceae. Medicinal Use or annual herb. It grows to diabetes and hypertension, it add favor to alkaline dishes. It is a soft, hairless plant 40–60 cm, with slender stems It has effects of letting the anxious infants calmed down and growing to 50 centimetres It contains antioxidants, which can delay or prevent the spoil- and alternate, fnely divided, so on. tall. The leaves are variable in age of food seasoned with this spice, also a traditional treat- softly delicate leaves 10–20 shape, broadly lobed at the ment for diabetes. Coriander has been used as a folk medi- cm long. The ultimate leaf base of the plant, and slender cine for the relief of anxiety and insomnia in Iran. divisions are 1–2 mm broad, Other Uses and feathery higher on the slightly broader than the simi- spritual fowering stems. The fowers lar leaves of fennel. are borne in small umbels, Yield/Price white or very pale pink, asym- Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni- greifswald.de/ Yield of fresh leaves per year is Yield/Price metrical. 4.2 kg/sqm. Source: http://biolib.de/ Yield of fresh leaves per year is 0.3-0.6 kg/sqm. Cultivation Price of fresh leaves is around Cultivation Coriander is a cold-resisting herb, cold and humid environ- 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) Price of fresh leaves is around Successful cultivation requires warm to hot summers with mental conditions more demanding, and poor growth in the 13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) high sunshine levels; even partial shade will reduce the yield environment with high temperature and drought conditions. 13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) substantially. It also prefers rich, well drained soil. Price of plant is around Coriander is a low-temperature, long-sunshine plants. Under 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. Price of plant is around The seed is harvested by cutting the fower heads off the normal conditions, the seedlings in the low temperature of 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. stalks when the seed is beginning to ripen. The seed heads 5 degrees, after 10 to 20 days to be completed by vernaliza- Price of processed leaves(dried) is around are placed upside down in a paper bag and left in a warm, dry tion. Later under long-sunshine conditions, photoperiod and 22 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). Price of processed leaves(dried) is around place for a week. The seeds then separate from the stems bolting. 36 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). easily for storage in an airtight container.

Planting Calendar Planting Calendar

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Seeding Seeding Blooming Blooming Harvest Harvest

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Culinary Use Culinary Use

The leaf, fresh or dried, is the culinary source of mint. Fresh Oregano is an important culinary herb, used for the favor mint is usually preferred over dried mint when storage of the of its leaves, which can be more favourful when dried than mint is not a problem. The leaves have a pleasant warm, fresh, fresh. It has an aromatic, warm and slightly bitter taste, which aromatic, sweet favor with a cool aftertaste. Mint leaves can vary in intensity. Good quality oregano may be strong are used in teas, beverages, jellies, syrups, candies, and ice enough almost to numb the tongue, but the cultivars adapted creams. In Middle Eastern cuisine, mint is used on lamb dish- to colder climates often have a lesser favor. Factors such as es, while in British cuisine and American cuisine, mint sauce climate, seasons and soil composition may affect the aromat- and mint jelly are used, respectively. ic oils present, and this effect may be greater than the differ- ences between the various species of plants.

Mint. Genus:Mentha* Oregano. Genus:Origanum/Species:O. vulgare Oregano’s most prominent modern use is as the staple herb of Italian-American cuisine. Mint is aromatic, almost Medicinal Use Oregano is a perennial exclusively perennial, rarely herb, growing from 20–80 cm annual, herb. They have wide- Mint was originally used as a medicinal herb to treat stomach Medicinal Use tall, with opposite leaves 1–4 spreading underground and ache and chest pains, and it is commonly used in the form of cm long. Oregano will grow It can be diuretic and improve the appetite and digestion. It overground stolons and erect, tea as a home remedy to help alleviate stomach pain. in a pH range between 6.0 has antibacterial effect and the strongest antioxidant function square, branched stems. The (mildly acid) and 9.0 (strongly among all vegetibles.It can be used to treat fever, headache, leaves are arranged in opposite alkaline) with a preferred body drowsiness, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms. pairs, from oblong to lanceo- Other Uses range between 6.0 and 8.0. late, often downy, and with The fowers are purple, 3–4 a serrate margin. Leaf colors pest discourager/cosmetics/perfumes mm long, produced in erect range from dark green and Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni- Yield/Price greifswald.de/ spikes. gray-green to purple, blue, and sometimes pale yellow. Yield of fresh leaves per year is Source: http://biolib.de/ Yield/Price 1.1 kg/sqm. Cultivation Yield of fresh leaves per year is Cultivation 2 kg/sqm. Price of fresh leaves is around All mints prefer, and thrive in, cool, moist spots in partial Oregano needs only a moderately fertile soil to thrive in, 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) shade.In general, mints tolerate a wide range of conditions, Price of fresh leaves is around though drainage and friability are important. Plant outdoors 14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) and can also be grown in full sun. 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) They are fast growing, extending their reach along surfaces 12 inches apart after all danger of frost has passed. Plants are 14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) Price of plant is around through a network of runners. Due to their speedy growth, easily started from seed, stem cuttings, or mature root divi- sion. Oregano appreciates being hoed regularly and neighbor- 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. one plant of each desired mint, along with a little care, will Price of plant is around provide more than enough mint for home use. ing weeds should be kept under control. Mulching with hay 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. Price of processed leaves(dried) is around Harvesting of mint leaves can be done at any time. Fresh mint helps keep plants clean outdoors. Oregano lends itself well to 39 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). leaves should be used immediately or stored up to a couple container and hydroponic methods of cultivation. of days in plastic bags within a refrigerator.

Planting Calendar *This page describe the general feature of all species of mint and of peppermint. Planting Calendar

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Seeding Seeding Blooming Blooming Harvest Harvest

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Culinary Use Culinary Use

Parsley is widely used in Middle Eastern, European, and The leaves, both fresh and dried, are used in traditional Medi- American cooking. Curly leaf parsley is often used as a gar- terranean cuisine. They have a bitter, astringent taste and are nish. In central and eastern Europe and in western Asia, many highly aromatic, which complements a wide variety of foods. dishes are served with fresh green chopped parsley sprinkled A tisane can be made from the leaves. When burnt, they give on top. Green parsley is often used as a garnish on potato off a -like smell and a smell similar to burning wood, dishes (boiled or mashed potatoes), on rice dishes (risotto or which can be used to favor foods while barbecuing. Rose- pilaf), on fsh, fried chicken, lamb or goose, steaks, meat or mary is high in iron, calcium and vitamin B6, 317 mg, 6.65 vegetable (like beef bourguignon, goulash or chicken mg and 0.336 mg per 100 g, respectively. Rosemary extract paprikash). has been shown to improve the shelf life and heat stability of omega 3-rich oils, which are prone to rancidity. Rosemary. Genus:Rosmarinus/Species:R. offcinalis Parsley. Genus:Petroselinum/Species:P. crispum Medicinal Use The herb is also widely used in Turkish, Palestinian, Lebanese, It is Hypotensive, diuresis. It has also the substanse of anti- Egyptian, Syrian, Greek, Portuguese, Spanish, Philippine and cancer. Due to its iron element, it can enrich and tonify the Rosemary is a woody, Latin American cuisines. Parsley is a bright green, blood. perennial herb with fragrant, hairless, biennial, herbaceous evergreen, needle-like leaves Medicinal Use plant in temperate climates, and white, pink, purple or blue or an annual herb in subtropi- Eliminate bloating, enhance memory, refreshing, reduce Other Uses fowers, native to the Mediter- cal and tropical areas. It offers headaches, colds, abdominal distension, obesity is its main ranean region. protection even in its frst year Pest discourager. effects. It is an aromatic evergreen as the strong scent of the Conditioning oily and unclean skin, promote blood circulation shrub that has leaves similar parsley leaves appear to min- and stimulate hair regrowth(maternal fasting). Yield/Price to pine needles. the upright gle with the tomato scent and forms can reach 1.5 m tall. confuses the tomato moth. It Other Uses Yield of fresh leaves per year is Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni- grows up to 30-100 cm. greifswald.de/ Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni- 0.25-0.75 kg/sqm. ornamental/cosmetic greifswald.de/ Yield/Price/Planting schedule Price of fresh leaves is around Cultivation Cultivation 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) 14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) Since it is attractive and drought tolerant, Rosemary is used Yield of fresh leaves per year is Parsley grows best in moist, well drained soil, with full sun. as an ornamental plant in gardens and for xeriscape landscap- 1.2-1.5 kg/sqm. It grows best between 22–30 °C, and is usually grown from Price of plant is around ing, especially in regions of Mediterranean climate. It is con- seed. Germination is slow, taking four to six weeks, and often 40 Fr./100g, together with pot(50 sqcm), in Marktplatz Basel. sidered easy to grow and pest-resistant. Rosemary can grow Price of fresh leaves is around diffcult because of furanocoumarins in its seed coat.Plants quite large and retain attractiveness for many years, can be 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) grown for the leaf crop are typically spaced 10 cm apart, while Price of processed leaves(dried) is around pruned into formal shapes and low hedges and has been used 14 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) those grown as a root crop are typically spaced 20 cm apart 32 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). for topiary. It is easily grown in pots. The groundcover cultivars to allow for the root development. Price of processed leaves(dried and milled) is spread widely, with a dense and durable texture. Price of plant is around 130 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). 75 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel.

Price of processed leaves(dried) is around Planting Calendar Planting Calendar 39 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop).

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Seeding Seeding Blooming Blooming Harvest Harvest

– 598 – – 599 – – Food in Basel – – Klybeck Island: Herb Harbor –

Culinary Use Culinary Use

Thyme is widely used in cooking. The herb is a basic ingre- Sage smells fragrant and tastes spicy, bitter and astringent dient in Levantine country cuisine and others which derives is (mouth feel furry). The spice is used for meat dishes, poul- from it. try, sausages, fsh and herb cheese. Particularly fatty foods Thyme is often used to favour meats, soups and stews. It has to sage fts well because it promotes the wholesome diet of a particular affnity to and is often used as a primary favour heavy sage is one of the few herbs that can also use dried with lamb, tomatoes and eggs. Thyme, while favourful, does well. not overpower and blends well with other herbs and spices. Raw and fnely chopped sage leaves are suitable for fsh and In some Levantine countries, and Assyrian, the chicken fllings, to favor soups and vegetables, it is used. za’atar (Arabic for thyme) contains thyme as a vital ingredi- It is a classic herb in all Germany, especially in sausage and ent. It is a common component of the , and of Sage(Common Sage) Genus:Salvia/Species:S. offcinalis Thyme(Common Thyme) Genus:Thymus/Species:T. vulgaris sagecake which is against drunkenness. In British cooking, it . is used for favoring fatty meats, Sage Derby cheese, poultry or pork stuffng, Lincolnshire sausage, and in sauces. Sage is Medicinal Use is a perential low Sage is a perennial, ever- also used in Italian cooking, in the Balkans, and the Middle Thyme growing herbaceous plant, It contains a powerful disinfectant called thymol that is effec- green subshrub, with woody East. It is one of the major herbs used in the traditional turkey sometimes becoming some- tive against bacteria and fungi.Thymol also acts as a expec- stems, grayish leaves, and stuffng for the Thanksgiving Day dinner in the United States. torant, loosening phlegm in the respiratory tract so it can be blue to purplish fowers. what woody. coughed up. Doctors prescribed the oil externally as an anti- Cultivars are quite variable It typically grows as a sub- Medicinal Use septic for fungal infections such as athlete’s foot. in size, leaf and fower color, shrub, between 15 and 20 and foliage pattern, with many It could heal irregular menstruation; dysmenorrhea.It could cm tall. variegated leaf types. also work as a treatment for Alzheimer’s disease patients. stems are narrow, evergreen Sage leaf extract may be effective and safe in the treatment woody and branchy. Other Uses of hyperlipidemia. ornamental/perfume Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni- Source: http://pharm1.pharmazie.uni- greifswald.de/ Other Uses greifswald.de/

cosmetic/perfume Cultivation Yield/Price Yield/Price Cultivation Yield of fresh leaves per year is It needs adequate sunshine and good ventilation, well-drained Yield of fresh leaves per year is 3 kg/sqm. sandy loam or the deep loam. 3-4 kg/sqm. Thyme is best cultivated in a hot, sunny location with well- drained soil. It is generally planted in the spring, and thereaf- Price of fresh leaves is around Seeding 3-5 tablets per hole directly, germinate after a week Price of fresh leaves is around ter grows as a perennial. It can be propagated by seed, cut- 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) or won strains up to 5-10CM to be thinning seedlings. Spacing 11 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop) tings, or by dividing rooted sections of the plant. It tolerates 13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) of 20-30CM. Prune after the adult can increase the distance 13 Fr./100g, in a top-class Supermarket (Globus Delicatessa) drought well. The plants can take deep freezes and are found again, in order to have more vigorous growth. The light inten- growing wild on mountain highlands.It has a seed germina- Price of plant is around sity of different varieties of sage is not the same which should Price of plant is around tion time of 12-20 days, ripening time of 90-10 days, fowering 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. be taken care of. 40 Fr./100g, together with pot, in Marktplatz Basel. take place in summer. Price of processed leaves(dried) is around Price of processed leaves(dried) is around 23 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). 65 Fr./100g, in a normal Swiss Supermarket (Migros/Coop). Planting Calendar Planting Calendar

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Seeding Seeding Blooming Blooming Harvest Harvest

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Rosemary Sage Thyme Chive Mint

First and Second Priority Group

Rosemary Sage Thyme Oregano Basil

Companion Herbs Among these 10 herbs, there are two companion plants group, which should be planted together, because they help each other grow. Mint is a relativ non/compan

Synthesis Matrix of Main Parameters

Species Selection

After synthesis and comparison of main parameters(each parameter considered equally), a selection is drawed. Parsley Basil The frst priority group would be Rosemary, Thyme, Mint, The second priority group would be Sage and Chive.

No plant listed in the chart could not absolutely adapted into site, so other 5 Species would also be planted with small amount in order to have relative bio-diversity, also to satisfy needs other than pure economically production such as exhibition and educa- tion to public.

During specifc planning, attention should also be paid to facts such as companion plants and seasonal interventions.

Parsley Chive Seasonal Interventions Some herbs need more care in winter or summer due to less hardiness. The seasonal intervention is mainly to use light structure to provide shade or warmness.

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Container as Cultivation Method

Herbs does not take up much space and soil, therefore it It fts perfectly well into pots or other small scaled containers which is also relative light. This provide great convinience for the installation, management, distribution as well as translocation after three years of use. Given consideration of the current site, Interim and mobile feature is just what is required.

There are a lot of variety in small containers which has different specialty. Author categorize them into 6 main types.

Tyre Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Wading Pool Source: http://matadornetwork.com/

Pots in Hirtenweg Nursery, Basel Box Roof Garden, Basel Source: http://nutzdach.ch Cooking Pots Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Cart Source: http://matadornetwork.com/

Standard Pots Box Recycling Container The very normal way of cultivating herbs, the volume of pots Boxes are larger than standard pots, are more like divided No matter they are shopping carts or cooking pots, people 3 differs a bit, the most common one for herb is 3000cm . One plots of natural feld for plants. who using them as herb container share the same idea, that plant per pot, standard makes it most suitable for appreciation is recycling, mostly household articles. or selling.

Truck as Plating Field, USA Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Carriage as Plating Field, USA Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Burlap Sacks Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Cans Hanged as Container Source: http://matadornetwork.com/ Sack Hangable Container Waggon Commonly, plant-used soil is pacaged and sold in burlap These hangable metal cans can be hanged that take fully ad- Waggon as large platform for plants growing is relative a new sacks. Direct use is very convenient. vantages of the wall, and create a vertical spacial vision. idea, it has feature of moblie and decoration of vehicles as well as the route the vehicle stayed or passed.

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Container Selection

In the selection of containers, the dominant factors is economic, light, effcient and convinient. In one word, it has to ft the interim character well. Considering about the convinience of direct transplanting, transportation( could be ft into standard tray which makes it even easier) and selling, standard pot (50 cm3)should be a prior choice,applied with dominant quantities. Taking advantage of the current site, box should be a second choice.

However, the other means could also be used with very small quantities, to satisfy other needs besides pure aim of agricultural yield, education and exhibition for instance. Especially the few railway wagons could be remained as container in order to remind people the former utility and character of this site.

Standard Pots in Tray Plants in SBB Cargo Box Source: http://nutzdach.ch

Unused Waggon at Site

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HERB HARBOR

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Strategies

Program Herb Production Visual Diversity Scheme Promenade-Axis Herb Production on Roof of Existing Buildings Unchanged Site Herb Promenade Herb Market and Gastronomy Use Herb Management

Connection to Neighborhood Visual Diversity Scheme Block-Axis

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Strategies

Route Strategy Existing tracks converted into circulation Irrigation Strategy Part of City Water Supply System River bank and existing urban street developed into promenades Connection Point Pipes and Angle-controllable Sprinklers for Ground Irrigation

Water Supply System in Basel Source: http://iwb.ch

Sprinkler

Distribution Path of Herb Products

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Masterplan 1:5000 Herb Production: Rosemary, Sage and Thyme Herb Market and Process Shop Basil, Oregano Herb-featured Restaurant Coriander Herb along Promenade(all species in box) Dill Management Parsley Unchanged Part Mint Chive

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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Basil Chives Coriander Dill Mint Oregano Parsley Rosemary Sage Thyme

Seasonal Scenarios

Impression Spring Impression Summer Sequence of Blossom from Most herbs have slightly enter the declining All herbs are joining the blooming group January to July... harvest period. Some of them have fower in turn. Field becomes much more colorful, buds, ready for blossom. covered with vivid outlook. Most began to wither in this period, short blooming period Color, then ended. Background is green, a bit cream, light yellow then comes rosy. Color, Background is light green, Aroma, larked with blue, purple and a bit yellow. Jan: Rosemary fower Jul: Basil fower Topnote: basil, light sweet Mar: Chive fower Basenote: thyme, light lime. Aroma, Topnote: mint, fresh Jun: Dill fower Basenote: mixed light fragrance.

Impression Autumn Impression Winter All herbs’ fower have faded away, part of Majority of the herbs have taller stems in Feb: Pasley fower the herbs have entre the high yield time. this high yield period. Mar: Coriander fower Jul: Oregano fower Great time for intensive seeding. Color, Jun: Mint fower Color, All sorts of green, dark pure light green

Aroma, Aroma, Topnote: basil Topnote: basil, mint and coriander May: Thyme fower Basenote: sage and rosemary, sweet and bit Basenote: thyme mixed with other scents, punge. sweet and little acridness. Jun: Sage fower

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Airial View, Jul. 2013 Perspective Northwest, Jul. 2013

Airial View, Feb. 2014 Perspective Northwest, Feb. 2014

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Yield and Economic Value Urban Character and Popularization

The whole yield of the feld is about 77ton To summarize, herb has several features such as perishablility, high economical value in short and the corresponding economic value is period, effcient land use and cultivation, multifuction etc. together with interim and mobile of 11.54 Mio.CHF. Deducted from the estima- cultivation method, which we could see as an urban character. tion of general cost 5.74 Mio.CHF, the Proft would be 5.8 Mio.Fr. As a form of agriculture, It fts well to the urban environment. It create about 35 Mio. CHF in the whole in- terim use period. Nowadays,during the urban transformation all over the world, there are many areas within or near the citys has the similar potential, this interim urban garden could be set as a prototype to

14.0 15.0 popolarize.

12.0 12.5 2.000 1.800 1.680 10.0 1.540 1.550 10.0 1.500 9.0 1.600 8.5

7.0 1.190 7.5 1.200

5.5 5.5 0.825 0.825 5.0 0.800

3.0 0.450 2.5 2.5 0.400 0.375

0 0

Basil Chive Coriander Dill Mint Oregano Parsley Rosemary Sage Thyme Basil Chive Coriander Dill Mint Oregano Parsley Rosemary Sage Thyme

Yearly Production of Fresh Herb in Ton Yearly Economic Value in Mio.CHF.

Beyond the Yield

Instead of waste this urban area for 3 years, effciently interim use could bring great economic proft to the city and people(depending on the business mode such as Community Support Ag- riculture).

However, that is not the only meaning or aim of this project. By initialize this interim urban gar- den, the inhabitants in Metrobasel have better chance to get beneft from fresh and local herb products, which is favory, nutritional and even medicinal in their daily dishes.

In terms of urban environment, It also create a unique landscape between the Rhine and Klybeck settlements, between city centre and border of the city, it ameliorate the natural environment for the city and inhabitants, even for tourists, has effects of purifying air etc. Potential Areas within or near Basel Stadt Sociologically, it has great meaning as being a place of exhibition, education as well, young people will beneft from it especially.

Biologically, it could generate local-adapted new species through the cultivation process, which on one hand could be used in further scientifc research, on the other hand contributes to the bio-diversity and also the whole biological environment of Metrobasel region.

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Perspective of Promenade

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