Effects of a Fire Response Trait on Diversification in Replicated Radiations
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New Species and Combinations in the African Restionaceae
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com South African Journal of Botany 77 (2011) 415–424 www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb New species and combinations in the African Restionaceae H.P. Linder Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland Received 13 January 2010; received in revised form 28 June 2010; accepted 19 October 2010 Abstract Eight new species of the African Restionaceae (Restionoideae) are described, viz.: Cannomois anfracta, Cannomois arenicola, Cannomois grandis, Nevillea vlokii, Thamnochortus kammanassiae, Willdenowia pilleata, Restio uniflorus and Restio mkambatiae. A key to the species of Cannomois is provided, as well as a table comparing the characters of the three species in Nevillea. For all new species, notes on the affinities of the species and their habitats are provided. Two new combinations, Cannomois primosii (Pillans) H.P. Linder and Cannomois robusta (Kunth) H. P. Linder, are made. © 2010 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cape Floristic Region; Restionaceae; Restionoideae; South Africa; Taxonomy 1. Introduction variable species can be sensibly divided or from the discovery in the field of species not collected before. Restionaceae are widespread in the Southern Hemisphere, The taxonomy of the African Restionaceae is regularly with a main concentration of species in southern Africa (358 updated and available in the Intkey format, either on a CD avail- species) and Australia (ca. 170 species), and with only one able from the Bolus Herbarium, or as a free download from my species in Southeast Asia and in South America (Briggs, 2001; website at http://www.systbot.uzh.ch/Bestimmungsschluessel/ Linder et al., 1998; Meney and Pate, 1999). -
Edition 2 from Forest to Fjaeldmark the Vegetation Communities Highland Treeless Vegetation
Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark The Vegetation Communities Highland treeless vegetation Richea scoparia Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark 1 Highland treeless vegetation Community (Code) Page Alpine coniferous heathland (HCH) 4 Cushion moorland (HCM) 6 Eastern alpine heathland (HHE) 8 Eastern alpine sedgeland (HSE) 10 Eastern alpine vegetation (undifferentiated) (HUE) 12 Western alpine heathland (HHW) 13 Western alpine sedgeland/herbland (HSW) 15 General description Rainforest and related scrub, Dry eucalypt forest and woodland, Scrub, heathland and coastal complexes. Highland treeless vegetation communities occur Likewise, some non-forest communities with wide within the alpine zone where the growth of trees is environmental amplitudes, such as wetlands, may be impeded by climatic factors. The altitude above found in alpine areas. which trees cannot survive varies between approximately 700 m in the south-west to over The boundaries between alpine vegetation communities are usually well defined, but 1 400 m in the north-east highlands; its exact location depends on a number of factors. In many communities may occur in a tight mosaic. In these parts of Tasmania the boundary is not well defined. situations, mapping community boundaries at Sometimes tree lines are inverted due to exposure 1:25 000 may not be feasible. This is particularly the or frost hollows. problem in the eastern highlands; the class Eastern alpine vegetation (undifferentiated) (HUE) is used in There are seven specific highland heathland, those areas where remote sensing does not provide sedgeland and moorland mapping communities, sufficient resolution. including one undifferentiated class. Other highland treeless vegetation such as grasslands, herbfields, A minor revision in 2017 added information on the grassy sedgelands and wetlands are described in occurrence of peatland pool complexes, and other sections. -
BFS048 Site Species List
Species lists based on plot records from DEP (1996), Gibson et al. (1994), Griffin (1993), Keighery (1996) and Weston et al. (1992). Taxonomy and species attributes according to Keighery et al. (2006) as of 16th May 2005. Species Name Common Name Family Major Plant Group Significant Species Endemic Growth Form Code Growth Form Life Form Life Form - aquatics Common SSCP Wetland Species BFS No kens01 (FCT23a) Wd? Acacia sessilis Wattle Mimosaceae Dicot WA 3 SH P 48 y Acacia stenoptera Narrow-winged Wattle Mimosaceae Dicot WA 3 SH P 48 y * Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hairgrass Poaceae Monocot 5 G A 48 y Alexgeorgea nitens Alexgeorgea Restionaceae Monocot WA 6 S-R P 48 y Allocasuarina humilis Dwarf Sheoak Casuarinaceae Dicot WA 3 SH P 48 y Amphipogon turbinatus Amphipogon Poaceae Monocot WA 5 G P 48 y * Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel Primulaceae Dicot 4 H A 48 y Austrostipa compressa Golden Speargrass Poaceae Monocot WA 5 G P 48 y Banksia menziesii Firewood Banksia Proteaceae Dicot WA 1 T P 48 y Bossiaea eriocarpa Common Bossiaea Papilionaceae Dicot WA 3 SH P 48 y * Briza maxima Blowfly Grass Poaceae Monocot 5 G A 48 y Burchardia congesta Kara Colchicaceae Monocot WA 4 H PAB 48 y Calectasia narragara Blue Tinsel Lily Dasypogonaceae Monocot WA 4 H-SH P 48 y Calytrix angulata Yellow Starflower Myrtaceae Dicot WA 3 SH P 48 y Centrolepis drummondiana Sand Centrolepis Centrolepidaceae Monocot AUST 6 S-C A 48 y Conostephium pendulum Pearlflower Epacridaceae Dicot WA 3 SH P 48 y Conostylis aculeata Prickly Conostylis Haemodoraceae Monocot WA 4 H P 48 y Conostylis juncea Conostylis Haemodoraceae Monocot WA 4 H P 48 y Conostylis setigera subsp. -
Introduction Methods Results
Papers and Proceedings Royal Society ofTasmania, Volume 1999 103 THE CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT PROBLEMS OF THE VEGETATION AND FLORA OF THE HUNTINGFIELD AREA, SOUTHERN TASMANIA by J.B. Kirkpatrick (with two tables, four text-figures and one appendix) KIRKPATRICK, J.B., 1999 (31:x): The characteristics and management problems of the vegetation and flora of the Huntingfield area, southern Tasmania. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 133(1): 103-113. ISSN 0080-4703. School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University ofTasmania, GPO Box 252-78, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia 7001. The Huntingfield area has a varied vegetation, including substantial areas ofEucalyptus amygdalina heathy woodland, heath, buttongrass moorland and E. amygdalina shrubbyforest, with smaller areas ofwetland, grassland and E. ovata shrubbyforest. Six floristic communities are described for the area. Two hundred and one native vascular plant taxa, 26 moss species and ten liverworts are known from the area, which is particularly rich in orchids, two ofwhich are rare in Tasmania. Four other plant species are known to be rare and/or unreserved inTasmania. Sixty-four exotic plantspecies have been observed in the area, most ofwhich do not threaten the native biodiversity. However, a group offire-adapted shrubs are potentially serious invaders. Management problems in the area include the maintenance ofopen areas, weed invasion, pathogen invasion, introduced animals, fire, mechanised recreation, drainage from houses and roads, rubbish dumping and the gathering offirewood, sand and plants. Key Words: flora, forest, heath, Huntingfield, management, Tasmania, vegetation, wetland, woodland. INTRODUCTION species with the most cover in the shrub stratum (dominant species) was noted. If another species had more than half The Huntingfield Estate, approximately 400 ha of forest, the cover ofthe dominant one it was noted as a codominant. -
The Smut Fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) of Restionaceae S. Lat
MYCOLOGIA BALCANICA 3: 19–46 (2006) 19 Th e smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) of Restionaceae s. lat. Kálmán Vánky Herbarium Ustilaginales Vánky (H.U.V.), Gabriel-Biel-Str. 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany (e-mail: [email protected]) Received 2 October 2005 / Accepted 25 October 2005 Abstract. Smut fungi of Restionaceae s. lat. were studied. Th ey are classifi ed into two genera, Restiosporium and Websdanea. Problems of species delimitation in these smuts are discussed. In addition to the nine known smut fungi, thirteen new species are described and illustrated: Restiosporium anarthriae, R. apodasmiae, R. chaetanthi, R. desmocladii, R. eurychordae, R. fl exuosum, R. hypolaenae, R. lepyrodiae, R. pallentis, R. patei, R. proliferum, R. spathacei, and R. sphacelatum. Key words: new species, Restionaceae s. lat., Restiosporium, smut fungi, taxonomy, Websdanea Introduction and stained in 1 % aqueous uranyl acetate for 1 h in the dark. After fi ve washes in distilled water, the material was Th e monocotyledonous Restionaceae is a remarkable family dehydrated in acetone series, embedded in Spurr’s plastic, of Southern Hemisphere, evergreen, rush-like plants. Th ey and sectioned with a diamond knife. Semi-thin sections are concentrated mainly in SW Africa and in SW Australia. were stained with new fuchsin and crystal violet, mounted Th e c. 320 species of African Restionaceae, in 19 genera, were in ‘Entellan’ and studied in a light microscope. revised by Linder (1985, 1991). Th e 170 species of Australian Spore ball and spore morphology was studied using Restionaceae s. lat. were published by Meney & Pate (1999) a light microscope (LM) with an oil immersion lens at a in a beautifully illustrated monograph. -
Low Risk Aquarium and Pond Plants
Plant Identification Guide Low-risk aquarium and pond plants Planting these in your pond or aquarium is environmentally-friendly. Glossostigma elatinoides, image © Sonia Frimmel. One of the biggest threats to New Zealand’s waterbodies is the establishment and proliferation of weeds. The majority of New Zealand’s current aquatic weeds started out as aquarium and pond plants. To reduce the occurrence of new weeds becoming established in waterbodies this guide has been prepared to encourage the use of aquarium and pond plants that pose minimal risk to waterbodies. Guide prepared by Dr John Clayton, Paula Reeves, Paul Champion and Tracey Edwards, National Centre of Aquatic Biodiversity and Biosecurity, NIWA with funding from the Department of Conservation. The guides will be updated on a regular basis and will be available on the NIWA website: www.niwa.co.nz/ncabb/tools. Key to plant life-forms Sprawling marginal plants. Grow across the ground and out over water. Pond plants Short turf-like plants. Grow in shallow water on the edges of ponds and foreground of aquariums. Includes very small plants (up to 2-3 cm in height). Most species can grow both submerged (usually more erect) and emergent. Pond and aquarium plants Tall emergent plants. Can grow in water depths up to 2 m deep depending on the species. Usually tall reed-like plants but sometimes with broad leaves. Ideal for deeper ponds. Pond plants Free floating plants. These plants grow on the water surface and are not anchored to banks or bottom substrates. Pond and aquarium plants Floating-leaved plants. Water lily-type plants. -
Special Issue3.7 MB
Volume Eleven Conservation Science 2016 Western Australia Review and synthesis of knowledge of insular ecology, with emphasis on the islands of Western Australia IAN ABBOTT and ALLAN WILLS i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT 1 INTRODUCTION 2 METHODS 17 Data sources 17 Personal knowledge 17 Assumptions 17 Nomenclatural conventions 17 PRELIMINARY 18 Concepts and definitions 18 Island nomenclature 18 Scope 20 INSULAR FEATURES AND THE ISLAND SYNDROME 20 Physical description 20 Biological description 23 Reduced species richness 23 Occurrence of endemic species or subspecies 23 Occurrence of unique ecosystems 27 Species characteristic of WA islands 27 Hyperabundance 30 Habitat changes 31 Behavioural changes 32 Morphological changes 33 Changes in niches 35 Genetic changes 35 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 36 Degree of exposure to wave action and salt spray 36 Normal exposure 36 Extreme exposure and tidal surge 40 Substrate 41 Topographic variation 42 Maximum elevation 43 Climate 44 Number and extent of vegetation and other types of habitat present 45 Degree of isolation from the nearest source area 49 History: Time since separation (or formation) 52 Planar area 54 Presence of breeding seals, seabirds, and turtles 59 Presence of Indigenous people 60 Activities of Europeans 63 Sampling completeness and comparability 81 Ecological interactions 83 Coups de foudres 94 LINKAGES BETWEEN THE 15 FACTORS 94 ii THE TRANSITION FROM MAINLAND TO ISLAND: KNOWNS; KNOWN UNKNOWNS; AND UNKNOWN UNKNOWNS 96 SPECIES TURNOVER 99 Landbird species 100 Seabird species 108 Waterbird -
Species Limits in the Rhodocoma Gigantea
Species Emits in tlie Cl(liodocoma gigantea (1(untli) £ inder Compfex.. Paseka Mafa University of Cape Town Botany Honours Systematics Project Supervised by Prof. H. P. Linder University of Cape Town 1999 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town Abstract Rhodocoma gigantea and Rhodocoma foliosus have been recognised by earlier authors as separate species on the basis of perianth length and shape. Linder (1985) .s perficially lumped these two species under Rhodocoma gigantea arguing that the difference between the two appear to be brought by ecological gradient. Numerical phenetic analyses of 19 quantitative floral morphological characters investigated from 33 herbarium specimens reveal that Rhodocoma gigantea complex consists of two groups. One group correspon(Jo Rhodocoma gigantea, having longer and wider spikelets, perianth segments and bracts, while the other correspond to Rhodocoma foliosus having shorter and thinner female spikelets, bracts and perianth segments than the former. Minimum spanning tree also reveal the two groups are geographically isolated. The former group occur in the western part of the south coast along the Langeberg in Swellendam and Riversdale districts and the latter is widely distributed on the Outeniekwaberg, Tsitsikama mountains to Zuurberg with outliers reaching as far as Uitenhage. 8ritz river appears to be the geographical barrier between these two species. -
Vicariance, Climate Change, Anatomy and Phylogeny of Restionaceae
Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society (2000), 134: 159–177. With 12 figures doi:10.1006/bojl.2000.0368, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Under the microscope: plant anatomy and systematics. Edited by P. J. Rudall and P. Gasson Vicariance, climate change, anatomy and phylogeny of Restionaceae H. P. LINDER FLS Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa Cutler suggested almost 30 years ago that there was convergent evolution between African and Australian Restionaceae in the distinctive culm anatomical features of Restionaceae. This was based on his interpretation of the homologies of the anatomical features, and these are here tested against a ‘supertree’ phylogeny, based on three separate phylogenies. The first is based on morphology and includes all genera; the other two are based on molecular sequences from the chloroplast genome; one covers the African genera, and the other the Australian genera. This analysis corroborates Cutler’s interpretation of convergent evolution between African and Australian Restionaceae. However, it indicates that for the Australian genera, the evolutionary pathway of the culm anatomy is much more complex than originally thought. In the most likely scenario, the ancestral Restionaceae have protective cells derived from the chlorenchyma. These persist in African Restionaceae, but are soon lost in Australian Restionaceae. Pillar cells and sclerenchyma ribs evolve early in the diversification of Australian Restionaceae, but are secondarily lost numerous times. In some of the reduction cases, the result is a very simple culm anatomy, which Cutler had interpreted as a primitively simple culm type, while in other cases it appears as if the functions of the ribs and pillars may have been taken over by a new structure, protective cells developed from epidermal, rather than chlorenchyma, cells. -
5 Priority Flora (Comesperma Rhadinocarpum, Desmocladus Elongatus, Hemiandra Sp
PO Box 437 Kalamunda WA 6926 +61 08 9257 1625 [email protected] (ACN 063 507 175, ABN 39 063 507 175) INTRODUCTION The following brief overview was prepared to assist in outlining some of the issues for planning rehabilitation needs on the proposed Silica sands operations by VRX Silica. As a summary of key points it raises some issues that need discussion with the operational team at VRX Silica. VEGETATION DIRECT TRANSFER (VDT) TRIAL A rehabilitation technique that was first implemented at Iluka Eneabba in 2012 by the Iluka site personnel. Since this time the Mattiske Consulting team have been assessing the progress of the plants from this method. As such it supplements the extensive rehabilitation practices on the Iluka operations which relies on the more classical approach of site preparation and seeding. Iluka differs from other rehabilitation areas on mining operations in that the native vegetation was also mulched and applied to the rehabilitation areas. The rehabilitation technique of VDT, or community translocation, is the practice of salvaging and replacing intact sods of vegetation with the underlying soil intact (Ross et al, 2000). The method trialled on the VDT 16 trial Vegetation Direct Transfer transects in 2019. The use of this technique by Iluka in the former Jennings mining area aims to improve the sustainability of translocating largely recalcitrant sedge and rush species, which tend to be less well represented in rehabilitation via other techniques, due to their low or complete lack of seed production (Norman and Koch 2007), but which often dominate local heath communities. The use of deep profile direct return of the topsoil and overburden in one pass may provide a large scale method of translocating rhizomatous and tuberous species in rehabilitated areas (Norman and Koch 2007). -
'A New Subfamilial and Tribal Classification of Restionaceae
Briggs, B G; Linder, H P (2009). A new subfamilial and tribal classification of Restionaceae (Poales). Telopea, 12(3):333-345. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch University of Zurich Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. Zurich Open Repository and Archive http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Telopea 2009, 12(3):333-345. Winterthurerstr. 190 CH-8057 Zurich http://www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2009 A new subfamilial and tribal classification of Restionaceae (Poales) Briggs, B G; Linder, H P Briggs, B G; Linder, H P (2009). A new subfamilial and tribal classification of Restionaceae (Poales). Telopea, 12(3):333-345. Postprint available at: http://www.zora.uzh.ch Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich. http://www.zora.uzh.ch Originally published at: Telopea 2009, 12(3):333-345. Telopea 12(3) 333–345 A new subfamilial and tribal classification of Restionaceae (Poales) Barbara G. Briggs1 and H. Peter Linder2 1Botanic Gardens Trust Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia. Email: [email protected] 2Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerrstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland Email: [email protected] Abstract Restionoideae Link, with the newly described Sporadanthoideae and Leptocarpoideae, represent major clades of Restionaceae distinguished by analyses of chloroplast DNA data. These subfamilies are supported by features of morphology, culm anatomy, pollen and phytochemistry. Sporadanthoideae occur in Australia and New Zealand, Leptocarpoideae principally in Australia but with representatives also in New Zealand, New Guinea, Aru Islands, Malesia, Hainan Island and Chile, while Restionoideae are in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. -
Vegetation and Flora of Booti Booti National Park and Yahoo Nature Reserve, Lower North Coast of New South Wales
645 Vegetation and flora of Booti Booti National Park and Yahoo Nature Reserve, lower North Coast of New South Wales. S.J. Griffith, R. Wilson and K. Maryott-Brown Griffith, S.J.1, Wilson, R.2 and Maryott-Brown, K.3 (1Division of Botany, School of Rural Science and Natural Resources, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351; 216 Bourne Gardens, Bourne Street, Cook ACT 2614; 3Paynes Lane, Upper Lansdowne NSW 2430) 2000. Vegetation and flora of Booti Booti National Park and Yahoo Nature Reserve, lower North Coast of New South Wales. Cunninghamia 6(3): 645–715. The vegetation of Booti Booti National Park and Yahoo Nature Reserve on the lower North Coast of New South Wales has been classified and mapped from aerial photography at a scale of 1: 25 000. The plant communities so identified are described in terms of their composition and distribution within Booti Booti NP and Yahoo NR. The plant communities are also discussed in terms of their distribution elsewhere in south-eastern Australia, with particular emphasis given to the NSW North Coast where compatible vegetation mapping has been undertaken in many additional areas. Floristic relationships are also examined by numerical analysis of full-floristics and foliage cover data for 48 sites. A comprehensive list of vascular plant taxa is presented, and significant taxa are discussed. Management issues relating to the vegetation of the reserves are outlined. Introduction The study area Booti Booti National Park (1586 ha) and Yahoo Nature Reserve (48 ha) are situated on the lower North Coast of New South Wales (32°15'S 152°32'E), immediately south of Forster in the Great Lakes local government area (Fig.