DOCSLIB.ORG

Heritage Committee

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Heritage Committee Page 1 of 139 Municipal Heritage Committee Monday, October 1, 2018 6:30 PM Boardroom, Development and Engineering Services, 305 Barrie Street, Bradford Agenda A meeting of the Heritage Committee of The Corporation of the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury will be held Monday, October 1, 2018 at 6:30 PM, in the Boardroom, Development and Engineering Services, 305 Barrie Street, Bradford, ON. Pages 1. Call to Order The Chair calls the meeting to order. 2. Adoption of Agenda Recommendation: That the Committee Agenda dated October 1, 2018 be adopted as printed. 3. Declarations of Pecuniary Interest and the General Nature 4. Presentations/Deputations 3 - 105 4.1 ARA - BWG Background & Issues Identification Report for Bond Head Heritage Conservation District 5. Open Forum Members of the public who are in attendance are invited to address the Committee by signing the Open Forum Register. 6. Adoption of Minutes 106 - 109 6.1 Adoption of Minutes Recommendation: That the minutes of the August 9, 2018 meeting be adopted as printed. 7. Request for Removal - Subcommittee Reports Request for Demolition Permit for 3424 Line 5 Bradford West Gwillimbury Page 2 of 139 Heritage Committee - Agenda October 1, 2018 110 - 138 8. Unfinished Business 8.1 108 Moore Street 8.2 Plaque Program 8.3 Doors Open 2018 8.4 Bond Head Heritage Conservation District Study update 8.5 Bradford High School update 8.6 Designation of Coulson's Hill Church update 8.7 Designation of Newton Robinson Church update 8.8 3769 Line 9 - Request for designation 9. Media Updates 10. New Business 10.1 Edmanson Hotel 139 10.2 Committee exit survey 11. Announcements 12. Adjourn Recommendation: That the meeting is hereby adjourned at _________. Page 3 of 139 Background and Issues Identification Report Village of Bond Head The Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury Prepared for The Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury 61 Holland Street East P.O. Box 160 Bradford, ON L3Z 2A8 Tel: (905) 775-5303 Fax: (905) 775-4472 www.townofbwg.com By Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. 219-900 Guelph Street Kitchener, ON N2H 5Z6 Tel: (519) 804-2291 Fax: (519) 286-0493 www.arch-research.com HR-112-2017 ARA File #2017-0222 26/09/2018 Final Page 4 of 139 Background & Issues Identification Report – Bond Head, Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Under a contract awarded in November 2017 by the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury, Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. (ARA) carried out professional consulting services for Phase 1 of a Heritage Conservation District Study for the village of Bond Head, Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury, Ontario. This project was initiated to assess the heritage characteristics of the historic village of Bond Head and determine if the area merits designation as a heritage conservation district(s) pursuant to the Ontario Heritage Act and Municipal and Provincial guidelines. The project is divided into two phases: 1) Background and Issues Identification Report, 2) Heritage Conservation District Study (if necessary). This report encompasses Phase 1, Background and Issues Identification Report. Through Phase 1, research was conducted to determine whether a heritage conservation district designation was a recommended conservation option for the village of Bond Head and involved: general research into the area's history, as well as its built and natural heritage resources; a review of the historical and current land use planning and heritage policies, regulations and guidelines applicable to Bond Head; a review of the merits of a heritage conservation district(s) and appropriateness of alternative tools for conserving cultural heritage within the study area; and undertaking meaningful and extensive public and stakeholder outreach, engagement and consultation. The report outlines the study and consultation process and identifies early findings regarding public issues and concerns. The study area for Phase 1 was the Bond Head Settlement Area (as defined in Official Plan Amendment No. 16 – Bond Head Settlement Area Secondary Plan). The irregular Study Area boundary encompasses the community of Bond Head centred at the intersection of County Road 88 and County Road 27. There are approximately 240 properties within the study area. Of those properties, 37 are listed on the Town’s Municipal Heritage Register and one property is designated under Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act. Following completion of the review undertaken in Phase 1, it was determined that the village of Bond Head warrants study as a heritage conservation district. The area characterizes the aspects of a district as described in the Ministry of Culture’s guidance document Heritage Conservation Districts: A Guide to District Designation under the Ontario Heritage Act, public consultation suggests the community values the historic core, and district designation would provide a mechanism to manage change and protect existing heritage resources. Therefore, it is recommended that the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury proceed to Phase 2, Heritage Conservation District Study. September 2018 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. HR -112-2017 ARA File #2017-0222 Page 5 of 139 Background & Issues Identification Report – Bond Head, Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Study Purpose 1 1.2 Description of Study Area 1 2.0 PROCESS OUTLINE 3 3.0 BACKGROUND AND PREVIOUS STUDIES 3 4.0 RESEARCH 4 4.1 Archaeological Context 6 4.2 Historical Context 6 4.2.1 Pre-Contact and Indigenous Settlement 6 4.2.1.1 Palaeo-Indian Period 7 4.2.1.2 Archaic Period 7 4.2.1.3 Early and Middle Woodland Periods 8 4.2.1.4 Late Woodland Period 8 4.2.2 Euro-Canadian (Post-Contact) Settlement 9 4.3 History of the Township of West Gwillimbury 10 4.3.1 Early Settlement (1820s to 1900) 10 4.3.2 1900s to Present 11 4.4 History of the Village of Bradford 11 4.4.1 Early Settlement (1820s to 1900) 11 4.4.2 1900s to Present 12 4.5 History of Bond Head 13 4.5.1 Early Settlement (1820s to 1900) 13 4.5.2 1900s to Present 17 5.0 FIELD REVIEW & PROPERTY INFORMATION DATABASE 25 5.1 Field Observations 25 5.2 Property Information Database 31 6.0 STAKEHOLDER IDENTIFICATION AND SUMMARY OF PUBLIC/STAKEHOLDER INPUT 34 6.1 Public Open House 35 6.2 Village Character Assessment Survey 36 6.3 Public/Stakeholder Input Conclusion 38 7.0 PLANNING POLICY FRAMEWORK 38 7.1 Mechanisms for the Protection of Areas/Districts 39 7.2 The County of Simcoe Official Plan 40 7.3 Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury Official Plan 40 7.4 Official Plan Amendment No. 16 – Bond Head Settlement Area 41 7.5 Official Plan Amendment No. 25 – Growth and Population Review 41 7.6 Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury Official Plan (Draft 2018) 42 8.0 IDENTIFIED ISSUES AND CHALLENGES 43 September 2018 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. HR -112-2017 ARA File #2017-0222 Page 6 of 139 Background & Issues Identification Report – Bond Head, Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury iii 8.1 Official Plan Policies 43 8.2 Potential HCD Boundary 43 8.3 Development Pressure 47 8.4 Community Involvement Challenges and the Support of Property Owners 47 8.5 Future Improvements 48 8.6 Locating Archival Sources 48 9.0 CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS 48 9.1 Recommended Conservation Approach 48 9.2 Heritage Conservation District Designation Steps 48 9.3 Interim Control By-Law 50 10.0 NEXT STEPS 50 11.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SOURCES 52 LIST OF IMAGES Image 1: Village of Bond Head Crossroads at County Roads 27 and 88 1 Image 2: Illustrated Timeline of the Village of Bond Head 5 Image 3: Sir Francis Bond Head, 1837 14 Image 4: Presbyterian Church Constructed in 1872 14 Image 5: Sketch Map of Bond Head in the 1860s 15 Image 6: Main Street Bond Head, 1860 Looking East to the Mill 16 Image 7: Main Street Bond Head, circa 1860 16 Image 8: Bond Head Two-Room School House Constructed in 1954 17 Image 9: Trinity Anglican Church in Distance at Right, 1880 18 Image 10: Sketch Map of Bond Head in the 1960s 18 Image 11: Historic Properties Located on County Road 88, Village of Bond Head 25 Image 12: Historic Properties Located on County Road 27, Village of Bond Head 26 Image 13: Example of a Contemporary Residential Structure, Village of Bond Head 26 Image 14: Development Application on Agricultural Property, County Road 88 27 Image 15: Example of Unsympathetic Development in the Village Core 28 Image 16: Example of Vacant Historic Building in the Village Core 28 Image 17: Village of Bond Head Rolling Topography 29 Image 18: Audrey Wychopen Memorial Park 29 Image 19: “The Old Plank Road 1851-1858” Plaque in Audrey Wychopen Memorial Park 30 Image 20: First and Second World War Memorial Park Gates 30 Image 21: Ontario Heritage Trust Plaques 31 Image 22: Breakout Activities at the Public Open House 36 Image 23: Village Character Assessment Survey Word Cloud Results 37 Image 24: Village Character Assessment Survey Word Cloud Results 37 Image 25: Heritage Conservation District Designation Process 49 Image 26: Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury HCD Study Web-Page 58 Image 27: Bond Head HCD Study Promotional Poster 58 Image 28: Lynda Usher Article on Bond Head HCD Study 59 Image 29: Follow-up Email From BWG for the Bond Head HCD Study 60 September 2018 Archaeological Research Associates Ltd. HR -112-2017 ARA File #2017-0222 Page 7 of 139 Background & Issues Identification Report – Bond Head, Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury iv Image 30: Mind Mapping Result from Bond Head HCD Study Public Meeting 86 Image 31: Mind Mapping Result from Bond Head HCD Study Public Meeting 86 Image 32: Mind Mapping Result from
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Heritage Committee
    Page 1 of 45 Municipal Heritage Committee Monday, May 8, 2017 6:30 PM Boardroom, Development and Engineering Services, 305 Barrie Street, Bradford Agenda A meeting of the Heritage Committee of The Corporation of the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury will be held Monday, May 8, 2017 at 6:30 PM, in the Boardroom, Development and Engineering Services, 305 Barrie Street, Bradford, ON. Pages 1. Call to Order The Chair calls the meeting to order. 2. Adoption of Agenda Recommendation: That the Committee Agenda dated May 8, 2017 be adopted as printed. 3. Declarations of Pecuniary Interest and the General Nature 4. Presentations/Deputations 5. Open Forum Members of the public who are in attendance are invited to address the Committee by signing the Open Forum Register. 6. Adoption of Minutes 3 - 6 6.1 Adoption of Minutes Recommendation: That the minutes of the April 3, 2017 meeting be adopted as printed. 7. Correspondence 7 7.1 Forests Ontario Page 2 of 45 Heritage Committee - Agenda May 8, 2017 8. Request for Removal - Subcommittee Reports 9. Unfinished Business 8 - 45 9.1 Presentation - Designation of Coulson’s Hill Church 9.2 Old Bradford High School Update 9.3 108 Moore Street Update 9.4 Doors Open Update 9.5 Heritage Conservation District Update 9.6 Quaint House Update 9.7 Tax Incentive/Rebate Program Update 9.8 Auld Kirk Plaster Work Update 10. Media Updates 11. New Business 11.1 Committee Logo Materials 12. Announcements 13. Next Meeting 13.1 Meeting Date - June 5, 2017 13.2 Agenda items 14.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ojibwa: 1640-1840
    THE OJIBWA: 1640-1840 TWO CENTURIES OF CHANGE FROM SAULT STE. MARIE TO COLDWATER/NARROWS by JAMES RALPH HANDY A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts P.JM'0m' Of. TRF\N£ }T:·mf.RRLAO -~ in Histor;y UN1V"RS1TY O " · Waterloo, Ontario, 1978 {§) James Ralph Handy, 1978 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. I authorize the University of Waterloo to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize the University of Waterloo to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the pur­ pose of scholarly research. 0/· (ii) The University of Waterloo requires the signature of all persons using or photo­ copying this thesis. Please sign below, and give address and date. (iii) TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1) Title Page (i) 2) Author's Declaration (11) 3) Borrower's Page (iii) Table of Contents (iv) Introduction 1 The Ojibwa Before the Fur Trade 8 - Saulteur 10 - growth of cultural affiliation 12 - the individual 15 Hurons 20 - fur trade 23 - Iroquois competition 25 - dispersal 26 The Fur Trade Survives: Ojibwa Expansion 29 - western villages JO - totems 33 - Midiwewin 34 - dispersal to villages 36 Ojibwa Expansion Into the Southern Great Lakes Region 40 - Iroquois decline 41 - fur trade 42 - alcohol (iv) TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Ojibwa Expansion (Cont'd) - dependence 46 10) The British Trade in Southern
    [Show full text]
  • Toronto Has No History!’
    ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY By Victoria Jane Freeman A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto ©Copyright by Victoria Jane Freeman 2010 ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Victoria Jane Freeman Graduate Department of History University of Toronto The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius , ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. i i iii In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s.
    [Show full text]
  • G. Correspondence
    RECEIVED VIA EMAIL – December 10, 2019 Dear Mayor Soever: The past year has been a busy and productive one for the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative. Thank you for being a part of it. Town of Blue Mountains is an important community on the Great Lakes and your leadership is vital to the continuing success of our organization. In 2020, we will be rolling out even more opportunities to engage, collaborate and lead. Together, we will leverage our collective strength to protect the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence and strengthen our communities and region. Attached is an invoice for Town of Blue Mountains’ membership dues for the year 2020. We look forward to continuing to work with the city to ensure the protection and restoration of the Great Lakes and St. Lawrence protection. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at [email protected] or 312-201-4516. Sincerely, Betty Sutton | President & CEO Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative 312.201.4516 | [email protected] glslcities.org ● @glslcities INVOICE 1221 Bill to: Town of the Blue Mountains 32 Mill Street P.O. Box 310 Thornbury, ON N0H2P0 Remit Dues Payment to: Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Cities Initiative 20 North Wacker Drive, Suite 2700 Chicago, IL 60606 Invoice # Invoice Date Due Date Population* 1221 11/18/19 12/31/19 7,025 Description Amount 2020 Annual Membership Dues 2,200.00 Invoice Total: 2,200.00 Size of City Dues Amount 0 - 1,000 $550 1,000 - 2,500 $1,100 2,500 - 5,000 $1,650 5,000 - 10,000 $2,200 10,000 - 25,000 $2,750 25,000 - 50,000 $3,300 50,000 - 75,000 $4,400 Payment by ACH/EFT: 75,000 - 100,000 $5,500 US Members 100,000 - 250,000 $7,700 Bank: BMO Harris Bank Routing Number: 071000288 250,000 - 500,000 $11,000 Account Number: 2658359 500,000 - 1,000,000 $16,500 1,000,000 - 2,000,000 $22,000 CA Members Bank: Royal Bank of Canada 2,000,000 - 3,000,000 $27,500 Routing Number: 00002-003 Account Number: 102-540-2 *Population is derived from the 2010 Census Data in the United States and 2016 Census Data in Canada.
    [Show full text]
  • Uot History Freidland.Pdf
    Notes for The University of Toronto A History Martin L. Friedland UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2002 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Friedland, M.L. (Martin Lawrence), 1932– Notes for The University of Toronto : a history ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 1. University of Toronto – History – Bibliography. I. Title. LE3.T52F75 2002 Suppl. 378.7139’541 C2002-900419-5 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the finacial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada, through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). Contents CHAPTER 1 – 1826 – A CHARTER FOR KING’S COLLEGE ..... ............................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 – 1842 – LAYING THE CORNERSTONE ..... ..................................................... 13 CHAPTER 3 – 1849 – THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AND TRINITY COLLEGE ............................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4 – 1850 – STARTING OVER ..... ..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Information Session #3: Causes of Discontent in Upper Canada I
    Information Session #3: Causes of Discontent in Upper Canada I. Causes of Discontent A. The Way The Colony Was Governed - we talked about this before(see notes) - since councils and governor were not chosen and elected by the people, they could do whatever they wanted- often ignored the people B. The People Who Ruled The Colony - the problem was that people on councils always chosen from among the wealthy and influential people of the colony - included judges, clergy, bankers, lawyers, military officers, business people - most were from Loyalist Families - close friends- the colonist nicknamed them he Family Compact- belonged to high social class - thought because they were wealthy and better educated, they could govern colony more effectively than ordinary people - governor usually selected all officials Sir Francis Bond Head- immigration officers, coroners, sheriffs, etc. - gave land grants - spent money to reward faithful supporters - farmers and poor were not included - John Strachan - one of the most powerful - Bishop of Toronto - he thought Anglican Church should have special privileges - only Anglican clergy allowed to perform marriages - he did do some good - John Beverley Robinson - Chief justice things to - education - lawyer - he was head of all law courts - elected representatives had no say as long as Family Compact was around C. The Problem of Land - land granted to settlers unfairly - most of land had once belonged to Native peoples - Sir Francis Bond Head was governor - 1836- convinced some Native Peoples to move to reservations in Georgian Bay- best land given to Family Compact and Friends - as a result less than 1/10 of land producing crops - most of good land owned by people who weren’t Farming it - waiting for value to increase so they could sell it - 1/17 f land given to Anglican Church (Clergy Reserves) - people said not fair to other Churches - biggest complaint - land left uncleared for years - poorer land given to new immigrants - no roads could be built through reserves D.
    [Show full text]
  • Newton Robinson Church Designation
    Page 1 of 114 Municipal Heritage Committee Monday, February 5, 2018 6:30 PM Boardroom, Development and Engineering Services, 305 Barrie Street, Bradford Revised Agenda A meeting of the Heritage Committee of The Corporation of the Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury will be held Monday, February 5, 2018 at 6:30 PM, in the Boardroom, Development and Engineering Services, 305 Barrie Street, Bradford, ON. Pages 1. Call to Order The Chair calls the meeting to order. 2. Adoption of Agenda Recommendation: That the Committee Agenda dated February 5, 2018 be adopted as printed. 3. Declarations of Pecuniary Interest and the General Nature 4. Presentations/Deputations 5. Open Forum Members of the public who are in attendance are invited to address the Committee by signing the Open Forum Register. 6. Adoption of Minutes 4 - 7 6.1 Adoption of Minutes Recommendation: That the minutes of the January 11, 2018 meeting be adopted as printed. 7. Correspondence 8 7.1 Bond Head Museum - 2875 Highway 27 Page 2 of 114 Heritage Committee - Agenda February 5, 2018 8. Request for Removal/Demolition - Reports 9 - 33 8.1 Report on 48 James Street demolition request 34 - 40 8.2 Report title 'So where was Sir William really born?' 41 - 73 8.3 Report on 2875 County Road 27 demolition request 9. Unfinished Business 9.1 Update on property standards with regard to heritage - Ian Cooper 9.2 Designation of Coulson’s Hill Church 9.3 Plaque Program 9.4 108 Moore Street Update 74 - 114 9.5 Newton Robinson Church Designation 9.6 Property at 4255 Line 6 9.7 Property at 4255 Line 6 9.8 Doors Open September 29th, 2018 Leisl McDill will provide the Committee with an update on the County's advertisement, main event imagine and deadlines following a meeting with Donna Goodwin on February 15th.
    [Show full text]
  • Pearson Canadian History 7 Web Links
    Pearson Canadian History 7 Web Links Links Updated September 2013 Note that web sites that are no longer available have been removed and replaced, where possible, with appropriate alternatives. It was not possible to provide alternatives for all broken links. CHA P T E R 1 Page H 11, Sainte-Marie among the Hurons History (Canadian Encyclopedia) http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/ste-marie-among-the-hurons Description/Promotion (Ontario Tourism) www.saintemarieamongthehurons.on.ca/ History (Encyclopedia of French Cultural Heritage in North America) http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/en/article-702/Sainte-Marie-among-the-Hurons:_a_little- known_gem_of_%E2%80%9COntario%E2%80%99s_New_France%E2%80%9D.html CHA P T E R 3 Page H 52, Expulsion of the Acadians History (Library and Archives Canada) www.collectionscanada.ca/settlement/kids/021013-2000.7-e.html Justice/Land Appropriation (Histori.ca) www.histori.ca/peace/page.do?pageID=275#top Page H 56, The Seven Years’ War Unlocking the secrets of the French and Indian War www.militaryheritage.com/7yrswar.htm A Soldier's Account of the Campaign on Quebec, 1759 www.militaryheritage.com/quebec1.htm Image of Soldier www.militaryheritage.com/7ywlink.htm History (The Canadian Encyclopedia) http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/seven-years-war Border Conflicts (Histori.ca) http://www.histori.ca/peace/page.do?pageID=335 History (Encyclopedia Britannica) www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066946/Seven-Years-War CHA P T E R 4 Page H 74, The First Nations and the British Self-government (Aboriginal
    [Show full text]
  • Pauper Emigration to Upper Canada in the 1830S*
    Pauper Emigration to Upper Canada in the 1830s* by Rainer BAEHRE ** Pauper emigration to the Canadas peaked in the 1830s during the very period in which public concern over poor relief reached a climax in Great Britain. 1 In the mother country "the figure of the pauper, almost forgotten since, dominated a discussion the imprint of which was as powerful as that of the most spectacular events in history". 2 So argues Karl Polanyi. Yet, in general histories of Upper Canada the pauper is referred to only in passing. 3 Could it be that the pauper's role in Upper Canada was larger than has hitherto been assumed? As this appears to be the case this paper will examine how the problem of British pauperism was transported to the colony in the important decade before the Rebellion. I The early decades of the nineteenth century witnessed growing po­ litical, economic and social turmoil in Great Britain. The general crisis heightened in the late 1820s, aggravated by a combination of fluctuating markets, overpopulation, enclosure, poor harvests, the displacement of * I would like to thank Professors Peter N. Oliver, H. Vivian Nelles, and Leo A. Johnson for their helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. Also special thanks to Stan Pollin, Greg Theobald, Faye Mcintosh and John Keyes. Responsibility for the final version is my own. This research was supported by the Canada Council. ** Department of History, Mount Saint Vincent University. 1 For example, see: J. R. POYNTER, Society and Pauperism : English Ideas on Poor Relief, 1795-1834 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1969), p.
    [Show full text]
  • To Excite the Feelings of Noble Patriots:” Emotion, Public Gatherings, and Mackenzie’S
    A Dissertation entitled “To Excite the Feelings of Noble Patriots:” Emotion, Public Gatherings, and Mackenzie’s American Rebellion, 1837-1842 by Joshua M. Steedman Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy History ___________________________________________ Dr. Ami Pflugrad-Jackisch, Committee Chair ___________________________________________ Dr. Kim Nielsen, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Roberto Padilla II, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Rebecca Mancuso, Committee Member ___________________________________________ Dr. Cyndee Gruden, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2019 Copyright 2019, Joshua M. Steedman This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of “To Excite the Feelings of Noble Patriots:” Emotion, Public Gatherings, and Mackenzie’s American Rebellion, 1837-1842 by Joshua M. Steedman Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree in History The University of Toledo August 2019 This dissertation is a cultural history of the American reaction to the Upper Canadian Rebellion and the Patriot War. This project is based on an analysis of newspaper articles published by William Lyon Mackenzie and his contemporaries, diplomatic cables between Washington D.C. and London, letters, and accounts of celebrations, toasts, and public meetings which occurred between 1837 and 1842. I argue Americans and Upper Canadians in the Great Lakes region made up a culture area. By re-engaging in a battle with the British, Upper Canadians, and their American supporters sought redemption. Reacting to geographic isolation from major metropolitan areas and a looming psychic crisis motivated many of these individuals to act.
    [Show full text]
  • Sewage Treatment.Drnicholas Cambridge.02.03.2017.Corrected
    Sewage Treatment In 1848 Croydon had been described as “the worst district in the county from a sanitary point of view, with no sewers at all.” 1 Cesspools generally prevailed, and the house sullage was thrown into the streets. Foul ditches, open drains and stagnant ponds abounded, including Scarbrook and Lauds’ ponds, which received much of the town’s drainage. These ponds were especially offensive and injurious to health and their exhalations, it was said, gave rise to epidemics. 2 In 1848 a Health of Towns report had examined the water supply, town drainage, burials and roads. It was noted that the water supply was abundant but “the springs are nearly all contaminated, the water tainted, privies erected close to the wells in which the ‘soil’ percolates and with the water rendered impure, the sufferer has no remedy.” 3 Despite all the filth and risk of disease, the effort to bring some elementary measure of sanitary reform in nineteenth-century Britain was resisted both in the House of Commons and by the Local Authorities. This was an issue that touched private property in every city in the country, and the vast body of affected interests stood firm against the handful of reformers. 4 However, when news came that a fresh wave of cholera 5 was sweeping into Europe from the East, this provided Edwin Chadwick 6 with a cruel and uncompromising ally. In 1848 the Public Health Act was finally passed and a Central Commission established, called the General Board of Health, which consisted of a Chairman and two 1 Report of the Sub-Committee of Towns (Health of Towns Association) , 1848, p.6.
    [Show full text]
  • 1999.12.15 Special Meeting of Council
    CORPORATION OF THE TOWN OF BRADFORD WEST GWILLIMBURY Special Meeting 1999/46 MINUTES December 15, 1999 PUBLIC MEETING UNDER THE PLANNING ACT, REVISED STATUTES OF ONTARIO 1990, CHAPTER P.13 TO DISCUSS A PROPOSED OFFICIAL PLAN FOR THE TOWN OF BRADFORD WEST GWILLIMBURY RE: Official Plan - Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury TIME: 7:00 p.m. PLACE: Council Chambers, Court House Building 57 Holland Street East, Bradford, ON L3Z 2A8 Members Present: Mayor Frank Jonkman Deputy Mayor Bud Brown Councillor Brian Bonany Councillor Peter Dykie Councillor John Gorzo Councillor Gary Lamb Councillor Ron Simpson Councillor Marty Toombs Councillor Sharon Villani Staff Present: Eric Hodgins, Town Planner Patricia Nash, Deputy Clerk Others: Miriam King Alfredo Tantalo Ross Raymond Greg Cook Rick Hunter Franca Tantalo Gord Feniak Silvana Porto Jim Craig John Porto Robert Miller Fabio Tersigni Marvin Geist Vencenzi Erica Paul Langford Allan Saunders Betty Lou Vanderpost William Dykie Hank Vanderpost A. Lalani Michael Mellings Lalani Group International James Feehely Bill Wolfert John Sokol John Hambly Robert Young Patrick Panalli Marianne Schleuter Jim Clark Artur Schleuter Edyth Fox Jutta Court R. McCoubray Gary Bell Rudy Dagostino Barry Horosko Robert Faris B.S. Onyschuk Peter Vander Kooij John Naylor Maria Mackovic Kathleen Naylor John Zima Barbay Holdings Inc. Angelo Orsi Paul Langford Nada Ladi Wm S. Addison Tony Stella Fred Picavet Enzo Vincenzi Jim Van Voorst R. Watson Bill Dykie and others. Minutes of Special Meeting of Council, 1999/46 December 15, 1999 Town of Bradford West Gwillimbury Official Plan Page 2 1. OPENING 46-001 Moved by: B. Bonany Seconded by: B.
    [Show full text]