Sewage Treatment.Drnicholas Cambridge.02.03.2017.Corrected
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The Ojibwa: 1640-1840
THE OJIBWA: 1640-1840 TWO CENTURIES OF CHANGE FROM SAULT STE. MARIE TO COLDWATER/NARROWS by JAMES RALPH HANDY A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts P.JM'0m' Of. TRF\N£ }T:·mf.RRLAO -~ in Histor;y UN1V"RS1TY O " · Waterloo, Ontario, 1978 {§) James Ralph Handy, 1978 I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. I authorize the University of Waterloo to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize the University of Waterloo to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the pur pose of scholarly research. 0/· (ii) The University of Waterloo requires the signature of all persons using or photo copying this thesis. Please sign below, and give address and date. (iii) TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1) Title Page (i) 2) Author's Declaration (11) 3) Borrower's Page (iii) Table of Contents (iv) Introduction 1 The Ojibwa Before the Fur Trade 8 - Saulteur 10 - growth of cultural affiliation 12 - the individual 15 Hurons 20 - fur trade 23 - Iroquois competition 25 - dispersal 26 The Fur Trade Survives: Ojibwa Expansion 29 - western villages JO - totems 33 - Midiwewin 34 - dispersal to villages 36 Ojibwa Expansion Into the Southern Great Lakes Region 40 - Iroquois decline 41 - fur trade 42 - alcohol (iv) TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd) Ojibwa Expansion (Cont'd) - dependence 46 10) The British Trade in Southern -
Toronto Has No History!’
‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY By Victoria Jane Freeman A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto ©Copyright by Victoria Jane Freeman 2010 ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ ABSTRACT ‘TORONTO HAS NO HISTORY!’ INDIGENEITY, SETTLER COLONIALISM AND HISTORICAL MEMORY IN CANADA’S LARGEST CITY Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Victoria Jane Freeman Graduate Department of History University of Toronto The Indigenous past is largely absent from settler representations of the history of the city of Toronto, Canada. Nineteenth and twentieth century historical chroniclers often downplayed the historic presence of the Mississaugas and their Indigenous predecessors by drawing on doctrines of terra nullius , ignoring the significance of the Toronto Purchase, and changing the city’s foundational story from the establishment of York in 1793 to the incorporation of the City of Toronto in 1834. These chroniclers usually assumed that “real Indians” and urban life were inimical. Often their representations implied that local Indigenous peoples had no significant history and thus the region had little or no history before the arrival of Europeans. Alternatively, narratives of ethical settler indigenization positioned the Indigenous past as the uncivilized starting point in a monological European theory of historical development. i i iii In many civic discourses, the city stood in for the nation as a symbol of its future, and national history stood in for the region’s local history. The national replaced ‘the Indigenous’ in an ideological process that peaked between the 1880s and the 1930s. -
Design Considerations and Applications for Wetland Treatment of High-Nitrate Waters
Baker, L.A. 1998. Design considerations and applications for wetland treatment of high-nitrate waters. Water Science Technology 38: 389-395. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AND APPLICATIONS FOR WETLAND TREATMENT OF HIGH-NITRATE WATERS L.A. Baker* *Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5306, USA. ABSTRACT Nitrate contamination is a serious problem worldwide. By providing an ample supply of carbon and an anaerobic environment, wetlands are an valuable low technology for treating nitrate-contaminated waters with low organic carbon concentrations. Denitrification is apparently limited by the C:N ratio, with ratios > 5:1 resulting in >90% nitrate removal efficiencies. The denitrification rate constant, VNO3, varies in direct proportion to carbon supply. Several novel or emerging applications of wetlands include renovation of nitrate-contaminated aquifers (a pump-and-treat strategy), denitrification of nitrified sewage effluents, and treatment of irrigation return flows. Treatment of dual sources is also discussed. In arid regions with limited supplies of high quality water, nitrate treatment wetlands may play a significant role in the development of water resources. KEYWORDS Constructed wetlands, denitrification, nitrate, recharge, irrigation, groundwater. INTRODUCTION Constructed wetlands have gained wide acceptance as a practical means for treating wastewater, particularly for small towns in located in rural areas where land is inexpensive. In the United States, most treatment wetlands receive secondary effluent (most often from lagoons) that is fairly poorly treated (average 5-day BOD = 39 mg/L; Knight et al., 1992). This paper examines the potential for using wetlands to treat water that is contaminated with nitrate but otherwise of high quality. -
Purification of Boston Sewage
Water-Supply and Irrigation Paper No. 185 Series L, Quality of Water, 15 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CHARLES D. WALCOTT, DIRECTOR INVESTIGATIONS ON THE PURIFICATION OF BOSTON SEWAGE Made at the Sanitary Research Laboratory and Sewage Experiment Station of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology WITH A HISTORY OF THE SEWAGE-DISPOSAL PROBLEM BY C.-E. A. WINSLOW AND EARLE B. PHELPS WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1906 CONTENTS. Page, Introduction, by William T. Sedgwick.............. ...................... 5 History of the sewage-disposal problem..................................... 9 Nature of the problem................................................ 9 Composition of sewages............................................... 13 Disposal of sewages by dilution in lakes, rivers, and the sea............. 16 Disposal of sewages by broad irrigation or sewage farming .............. 24 Treatment of sewages by chemical precipitation........................ 29 Purification of sewages by intermittent nitration through sand.......... 35 Treatment of sewages in the septic tank ............................... 42 Purification of sewages by the contact process in beds of coarse material.. 53 Purification of sewages by a continuous trickling process over coarse material........................................................... 75 Recent tendencies in sewage-disposal practice in England, Germany, and the United States..................... ............................... 88 Experiments on the purification of Boston sewage, -
Arnot/Arnott from the Dictionary of National Biography
Arnold 119 Arnot (juality, and a very small part of the classical workers in the Punjab. lie is the autlior of portion of it Las alone stood the test of * Oakfield, or FelloAvsliip in the Knst,' a novel ' time. In an article in ' Frasei'*s Magazine in two volumes, published in 1858 under the for February 1853, which was afterwards pseudonym of 'Punjabee.' It depicts the published in pamphlet form, and has been struggles of a young officer of exceptional attributed, correctly, as we believe, to Ur. cultiire and seriousness to elevate the Ioav J. W. Donaldson, the author of the * New tone of the military society about him, and Cratylus,' the attempt was made in very the trials and problems forced upon him by forcible language to throw discredit on the this peculiar form of quixotism. It is well whole of Arnold's classical schoolbooks. But Avritten and deeply interesting, imbued ia the unmeasured vituperation of the criticism, every line with the spirit of the author's il- which attracted considerable attention at lustrious father ; but, as is usually the case- the time, is only very partially justified. In when the ethical element largely predomi- u temperate reply, written a few weeks before nates, is open to the charge of insufficient his death, Arnold successfully rebutted some sympathy with types of character alien from of the more sinister imputations on his cha- the writer's own. He also translated Wiese's ' ' racter introduced into the article ; and he Letters on English Education (1854), and justly remarks, in reference to the miUtipli- published in 1855 four lectures, treating re- city of his works, that ' regular industry Avith spectively of the Palace of Westminster, the a careful division of time and employment, English in India, Caste, and the Discovery carried on, with hardly any exception, for of America. -
Transactions
M,EDICO - CHIRURGICAL TRANSACTIONS, PIUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF It{en LONDON. VOLUME THE THIRTY-FIRST. LONDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1848. RICtARDIOUERT , AILNTER, GREE.N ARtIlUB CO1URT, OLD IBAILEY, LOqDON. MEDICO - CHIRURGICAI TRANSACTIONS, PUBLISHED BY THE ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME THE THIRTEENTH. LONDON: PRJNTED POR LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1848. RICHARD KINDER, PRINTER, GREEN ARHOUR COURT, OLD BAILEY, LONDON. ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON. PATRON, THE QUEEN. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL, ELECTED MARCH 1, 1848. PRESIDENT. JAMES MONCRIEFF ARNOTT, F.R.S. rHENRY DAVIES, M.D. JONATHAN M.D., F.R.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS.<V PEREIRA, GEORGE MACILWAIN. LRICHARD PARTRIDGE, F.R.S. { BENJAMIN GUY BABINGTON, M.D., F.R.S. TREASURERS. BENJAMIN PHILLIPS, F.R.S. f WILLIAM BALY, M.D., F.R.S. SECRETARIES. FRED. LE GROS CLARK. { JOHN HENNEN, M.D. LIBRARIANS. l_RICHARD QUAIN, F.R.S. JAMES ALDERSON, M.D., F.R.S. THOMAS MAYO, M.D., F.R.S. ROBERT NAIRNE, M.D. WILLIAM SHARPEY, M.D., F.R.S. OTHER MEMBERS LEONARD STEWART, M.D. OF THE COUNCIL. HENRY ANCELL RICHARD BLAGDEN. GEORGE BUSK. JOHN DALRYMPLE. JAMES PAGET. TRUSTEES OF THE SOCIETY. JAMES M. ARNOTT, F.R.S. JOHN CLENDINNING, M.D., F.R.S. EDWARD STANLEY, F.R.S. a2 FELLOWS OF THE SOCIETY APPOINTED BY THE COUNCIL AS REFEREES OF PAPERS, FOR THE SESSION OF 1847-8. BABINGTON, BENJAMIN G., M.D., F.R.S. BOWMAN, WILLIAM, F.RIS. BUDD, GEORGE, M.D., F.R.S. -
Uot History Freidland.Pdf
Notes for The University of Toronto A History Martin L. Friedland UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London © University of Toronto Press Incorporated 2002 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Friedland, M.L. (Martin Lawrence), 1932– Notes for The University of Toronto : a history ISBN 0-8020-8526-1 1. University of Toronto – History – Bibliography. I. Title. LE3.T52F75 2002 Suppl. 378.7139’541 C2002-900419-5 University of Toronto Press acknowledges the financial assistance to its publishing program of the Canada Council for the Arts and the Ontario Arts Council. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the Humanities and Social Sciences Federation of Canada, using funds provided by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada. University of Toronto Press acknowledges the finacial support for its publishing activities of the Government of Canada, through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (BPIDP). Contents CHAPTER 1 – 1826 – A CHARTER FOR KING’S COLLEGE ..... ............................................. 7 CHAPTER 2 – 1842 – LAYING THE CORNERSTONE ..... ..................................................... 13 CHAPTER 3 – 1849 – THE CREATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO AND TRINITY COLLEGE ............................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER 4 – 1850 – STARTING OVER ..... .......................................................................... -
Terms of Reference Kesare
Terms of Reference for EIA Studies Terms of Reference Kesare Executive Summary Mysuru also known as Mysore, is the third largest city in the state of Karnataka, India, which served as the capital city of Mysore Princely Kingdom (Kingdom of Mysore) for nearly six centuries, from 1399 until 1947. Located at the base of the Chamundi Hills about 146 km (91 mt) southwest of the state capital Bangalore, it is spread across an area of 128.42 km2(50 sq mt). The city has been divided into 65 municipal wards and the approximate population is 920550 (2011 Census) Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) is an obligatory function of the Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) under the Karnataka Municipalities Act, 1964. Also, the Municipal Solid Waste, (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 (“MSW Rules”) made it mandatory for an Urban Local Body (ULB) to practice sanitary treatment and disposal of the MSW generated. The estimated quantum of MSW currently generated in the city is approximately 402 MT. MCC has been carrying out collection and transportation of MSW in the city by deployment of its own resources and through private operators. A compost facility of 200 TPD capacity was also set up for treatment of MSW in the year 2001. The operations of the facility have however been intermittent over the past few years. However the compost plant even after augmentation of the bed by 200 TPD is receiving waste of about 150 TPD due to lack of infrastructure facilities and compost bed area. A sanitary landfill exists to the Eastern side of the compost processing plant. -
Information Session #3: Causes of Discontent in Upper Canada I
Information Session #3: Causes of Discontent in Upper Canada I. Causes of Discontent A. The Way The Colony Was Governed - we talked about this before(see notes) - since councils and governor were not chosen and elected by the people, they could do whatever they wanted- often ignored the people B. The People Who Ruled The Colony - the problem was that people on councils always chosen from among the wealthy and influential people of the colony - included judges, clergy, bankers, lawyers, military officers, business people - most were from Loyalist Families - close friends- the colonist nicknamed them he Family Compact- belonged to high social class - thought because they were wealthy and better educated, they could govern colony more effectively than ordinary people - governor usually selected all officials Sir Francis Bond Head- immigration officers, coroners, sheriffs, etc. - gave land grants - spent money to reward faithful supporters - farmers and poor were not included - John Strachan - one of the most powerful - Bishop of Toronto - he thought Anglican Church should have special privileges - only Anglican clergy allowed to perform marriages - he did do some good - John Beverley Robinson - Chief justice things to - education - lawyer - he was head of all law courts - elected representatives had no say as long as Family Compact was around C. The Problem of Land - land granted to settlers unfairly - most of land had once belonged to Native peoples - Sir Francis Bond Head was governor - 1836- convinced some Native Peoples to move to reservations in Georgian Bay- best land given to Family Compact and Friends - as a result less than 1/10 of land producing crops - most of good land owned by people who weren’t Farming it - waiting for value to increase so they could sell it - 1/17 f land given to Anglican Church (Clergy Reserves) - people said not fair to other Churches - biggest complaint - land left uncleared for years - poorer land given to new immigrants - no roads could be built through reserves D. -
Introducing Patrick Copland
©JSR2018 Introducing Patrick Copland Introducing Patrick Copland: 18th century Professor, Mechanic and Educational Innovator Dr John S. Reid, Department of Physics, Meston Building, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, Scotland. The text is based on a talk given in Donostia to the European Physical Society. This is a story from the Scottish Enlightenment, well-known for producing Adam Smith’s innovative contributions to Economics, James Watt’s technology, James Hutton’s vision that founded modern Geology, Joseph Black’s insight into Chemistry, and innovative practitioners in medicine, philosophy, architecture, literature and other disciplines. Adam Smith and James Hutton have Institutes named after them, Watt the unit of power. It was an exciting time to be active in academic life in Scotland, even for those whose names would not appear in future history books. One such was Patrick Copland. Had he made one game-changing discovery, his reputation would have lasted, though he is still mentioned for introducing chlorine bleaching into Britain. Copland was an innovator of a different kind. He was a distributor of knowledge, an educator, highly respected in his day for providing a vital link in spreading scientific ideas into society. In some ways I’m reminded of the even more eminent Sir John Herschel (1792 – 1871): hugely well known in the 19th century but there is no Herschel effect, or Herschel equation or Herschel phenomenon, so now largely forgotten in science except by historians. I do like John Herschel’s words “Science is the knowledge of many, methodically digested and arranged, so as to become attainable by one”. -
Pearson Canadian History 7 Web Links
Pearson Canadian History 7 Web Links Links Updated September 2013 Note that web sites that are no longer available have been removed and replaced, where possible, with appropriate alternatives. It was not possible to provide alternatives for all broken links. CHA P T E R 1 Page H 11, Sainte-Marie among the Hurons History (Canadian Encyclopedia) http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/ste-marie-among-the-hurons Description/Promotion (Ontario Tourism) www.saintemarieamongthehurons.on.ca/ History (Encyclopedia of French Cultural Heritage in North America) http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/en/article-702/Sainte-Marie-among-the-Hurons:_a_little- known_gem_of_%E2%80%9COntario%E2%80%99s_New_France%E2%80%9D.html CHA P T E R 3 Page H 52, Expulsion of the Acadians History (Library and Archives Canada) www.collectionscanada.ca/settlement/kids/021013-2000.7-e.html Justice/Land Appropriation (Histori.ca) www.histori.ca/peace/page.do?pageID=275#top Page H 56, The Seven Years’ War Unlocking the secrets of the French and Indian War www.militaryheritage.com/7yrswar.htm A Soldier's Account of the Campaign on Quebec, 1759 www.militaryheritage.com/quebec1.htm Image of Soldier www.militaryheritage.com/7ywlink.htm History (The Canadian Encyclopedia) http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/articles/seven-years-war Border Conflicts (Histori.ca) http://www.histori.ca/peace/page.do?pageID=335 History (Encyclopedia Britannica) www.britannica.com/eb/article-9066946/Seven-Years-War CHA P T E R 4 Page H 74, The First Nations and the British Self-government (Aboriginal -
Improving Wastewater Use in Agriculture
WPS5412 Policy Research Working Paper 5412 Public Disclosure Authorized Improving Wastewater Use in Agriculture An Emerging Priority Public Disclosure Authorized Susanne M. Scheierling Carl Bartone Duncan D. Mara Pay Drechsel Public Disclosure Authorized The World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized Water Anchor Energy, Transport, and Water Department September 2010 Policy Research Working Paper 5412 Abstract Wastewater use in agriculture is a growing practice to different aspects of wastewater irrigation to a country’s worldwide. Drivers include increasing water stress, in level of economic development. Based on data presented part due to climate change; increasing urbanization and in the World Bank’s World Development Report, it growing wastewater flows; and more urban households differentiates between four country income levels to engaged in agricultural activities. The problem with create a typology for analyzing current issues, trends, this trend is that in low-income countries, but also in and priorities for improving agricultural wastewater use many middle-income countries, it either involves the with a focus on reducing the risks to public health. It direct use of untreated wastewater or the indirect use of also presents the basic principles of the new 2006 World polluted waters from rivers that receive untreated urban Health Organization Guidelines, and how to apply them. discharges. This poses substantial risks, in particular Beyond regulatory aspects, the paper also discusses other microbial risks to public health. To address these risks, aspects that are important for achieving a more integrated the World Health Organization in 2006 issued new approach to agricultural wastewater use, including guidelines for the safe use of wastewater.