26744 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

CHANGING CHALLENGE IN HIGH­ centrated on the execution of the Interstate assessing the impact of land use of highway WAY DEVELOPMENT STRESSED highway program. Before we have completed construction, urban redevelopment, mining BY SENATOR RANDOLPH IN AD­ it sometime in the middle of the next dec­ and sanitary landfills. We are looking at the DRESS AT VIRGINIA MOTOR VE­ ade we will have spent approximately $70 bil­ question of biological imbalances created by lion on this massive public works under­ dredging, thermal pollution, pesticides, and HICLE CONFERENCE taking, begun 48 years ago. By then we will air pollution. And we are probing problems have achieved our goal of connecting every connected with flooding and dam construc­ major metropolitan center in the United tion, the effects of building reservoirs, and HON. WILLIAM B. SPONG, JR. States in a coast-to-coast and border-to­ the use of nuclear energy for power or con­ OF VIRGINIA border hook-up. struction. IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES In the process of building our 42,500 miles The heart of our concern is best reflected in of Interstate and Defense highways, we will Tuesday, September 23, 1969 legislation introduced early this year by have produced vast wealth in the form of myself and 41 of my colleagues, the "En­ Mr. SPONG. Mr. President, this morn­ new homes, new plants, and new jobs. We vironmental Quality Improvement Act of ing the Virginia Motor Vehicle Confer­ will have repeated many times over the suc­ 1969," which has been incorporated in S. 7, cess of Route 128 outside of Boston. That one the water quality bill. That legislation pro­ ence held its third annual highway circumferential highway, known as the breakfast in Richmond as part of the vides for more effective coordination of Fed­ "Golden Crescent," has formed the base for a eral air quality, water quality and solid waste observance of National Highway Week. billion dollar investment in residential, com­ disposal programs, for the consideration of Attending were more than 200 repre­ mercial and industrial activity. environmental quality in all public works sentatives of industry, business and ag­ We, as a nation, will have achieved a goal programs and projects, and for the coordina­ riculture, elected officials and civic but not without paying a price in addition to tion of all Federal research programs which leaders of the Commonwealth of Vir­ the money that we are expending. The de­ improve knowledge of environmental modi­ ginia. velopment of the Interstate System has taken fications resulting from increased popula­ place to the detriment of our primary and tion and urban concentration. The plincipal address was delivered by secondary road system and our city streets. Hon. JENNINGS RANDOLPH, Senator from I am aware that the solutions to many of We have so concentrated our efforts that these problems do not now exist and tha1t West Virginia and chairman of the Sen­ the 225,000 miles of primary system and the the search for technology---economically ate Committee on Public Works, and of two million miles of other roads and streets feasible technology-may be a costly one. are no longer capable of serving the traffic its Subcommittee on Roads. He was in­ It is for this reason that I have, as Chairman troduced by John J. Wickstead, chair­ which daily uses them. These roads are al­ of the Committee on Public Works, em­ most all in need of reconstruction. Address­ man of the conference. ing this problem must be the next item on phasized so heavily the importance of Federal Also speaking were Edward V. Kiley, coordination and support for research and the agenda of highway legislation for the development in all of these areas. research counsel of the American Truck­ post-1975 period. In this respect I would an­ But the problem ls not one of research ing Associations, who was introduced by ticipate that the Congress will dispense with the different categories of 90-10 and 50-50 in itself. Nor can it rest solely on the Fed­ E. H. Williams, Jr., vice chairman of the eral government. Industry must take a big conference, and Douglas B. Fugate, com­ matching funds, and authorize a single matching formula for all Federal-aid high­ share in the solution, as its share in the missioner of the Virginia Department of product of a clean and wholesome environ­ Highways. ways in the order of 70 % Federal funds and ment will be large. 30% State funds. Senator RANDOLPH'S address was very During the development of the Interstate Meeting these goals ls the changing chal­ pertinent to the present and future role System, we have for the first time encoun­ lenge in highway development. No one can of highways in our national life and to tered public resistance to highway construc­ question the ability of the coordinated National Highway Week. Therefore, Mr. tion. Important and serious questions have effort of Government and industry to build been raised with respect to planning, loca­ for us the most effective and efficient high­ President, I ask unanimous consent to way network in the history of the world. have Sena.tor RANDOLPH'S address printed tion and design. As we have entered into a period of relative atlluence-much of which What we are doing is changing the defi­ in the RECORD. is owed to the construction of roads-the nition of what constitutes the "most effec­ There being no objection, the address people of the communities through which tive and efficient transportation system." was ordered printed in the RECORD, as the highways pass have begun to ask for It is gratifying that under the leadership follows. more consideration and concern with regard of Douglas B. Fuguate, Virginia's Commis­ THE CHANGING CHALLENGE IN HIGHWAY to the impact on their neighborhoods and sioner of Highways and Robert G. Bartlett. DEVELOPMENT their way of life. People generally have begun President of the American Road Builder's Association and Secretary of Highways of the (By Senator JENNINGS RANDOLPH) to expect highways which will not only get them there faster and more safely but in ad­ Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, meetings It is a privilege to address this group in a dition, provide for travel which will be a have been held with those concerned with state so ably represented by Sen. Harry F. pleasurable experience in itself. historical preservation and with matters of Byrd, Jr., and Sen. William B. Spong, Jr. As the Committee on Public Works begins conservation. The sessions with the con­ Senator Spong has contributed consider­ to look ahead at the prospect of a new high­ servationists were held on June 16 and as ably to our highway programs through his way program to follow the completion of the recently as last Wednesday, September 17 membership on the Public Works Committee Interstate Program, we are looking back to and are part of a series which ARBA and and its Subcommittee on Roads. the needs of the cities and counties for im­ AASHO are undertaking to improve under­ The evolution of America's highways has proved highway facilities. It is obvious that standing between those concerned with carried through many transitions on the way we must once again give priority and focus highway construction and those who have to producing the most complete and most attention on the feeder road systems, our city deep concern with the need to preserve our efficient network of transportation links of streets and our inter-suburban connections natural heritage. The purpose of these con­ any nation in the world. While our methods which for the past thirteen years we have ferences is to work out practical, cooperative and techniques have changed, our goal has relegated to a secondary category. As we plan procedures so that conflicts between their remained to make our national highways the ahead, we must take into account the grow­ objectives can be avoided. To the extent that vital tool for the growth of our society and ing aspirations of the American people. We accommodation can be reached through our economy. can no longer build highways which appear their joint efforts, we will increase the control The program as it was first conceived and as lines on a map and scars on the country­ of local people over their transportation and carried forward in the Federal Aid Highway side. We must concern ourselves with the environmental interests. Act of 1921 was for the purpose of providing impact which the passage of thousands of We will rely heavily in the future as we the basic roads needed to facilitate move­ cars a day has on the quality of the environ­ have in the past on the ava.ilability of high­ ment between communities with their en­ ment which surrounds them. The impact of ways for transportation and communica­ virons. For the first twenty years of this highways on the environment ls but one tion. Highways are the great catalyst for effort we concentrated exclusively on the aspect of our broader concern for more effec­ the economic and industrial progress. development of "from the farm to market" tive and humane uses of modern technology. This is National Highway Week. Its slogan and "feeder roads". Following World War Il, The Committee on Public Works has cre­ is "Highways Bring Better Living". It is the we turned our attention to the construction ated an Advisory Panel of scientists, en­ belief of the members Of the Senate Commit­ of a national network of high speed ex­ gineers, and other professionals from a wide tee on Public Works that highways can pressways built to the best available engi­ range of disciplines who will help us isolate bring an even better way of living if we will neering standards. and identify the problems of environmental accept the challenge which faces us. The fu­ In the past thirteen years, we have con- degradation before they become crises. We are ture is clear and it beckons with great hope, September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26745 but it is the present with which I am most are applicable to the changing challenge of that the base here has been under attack concerned. the complex America in which we now live. for three days. The Viet Cong and the North The accelerated highway construction pro­ Vietnamese Army are trying to take over gram laid out in 1956, planned for the last DaNang Air Base and they are throwing of the allocations of funds for that system to everything they can get their hands on at us. be made in the fiscal year ending June 30, VIETNAM PEN PALS "I am now sitting on the floor under my 1969. As of this time, we obviously have not desk trying to write to you. The siren just achieved our ambition. As a matter of fact, went off and rockets are coming all around the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1968 ex­ us. I hope like hell they don't hit this build­ tended authorizations for that system HON. GLENN M.ANDERSON ing. If they do, they will bring it to the through 1974. We have not yet programmed OF CALIFORNIA ground sure as shootin' ". Mrs. Gamble re­ sufficient funds to complete it. ceived notification four months later that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Airman Hoff had been killed. The orderly pursuit of this program has Tuesday, September 23, 1969 been impeded by two slowdowns in the re­ HOW IT BEGAN lease of funds to the States in the past two Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. The Pen Pals originally hoped to write to years. We know that President Nixon in an­ Speaker, I would like to bring to the at­ soldiers who rarely received mail, so they nouncing the 75 % reduction in direct Fed­ tention of my colleagues the fine work inquired at the USO to find names. But the eral construction work, requested the Gover­ USO does not give out names and the ladies nors to follow his example and join him in being done by a group of women in Cali­ were instructed to send an open letter, to be withholding State construction programs. fornia's 17th Congressional District. For posted in USO's and hospitals in Vietnam, It is my understanding that the Gover­ over a year, a number of women from asking for letters from any soldier who might nors of many States have been reluctant to Gardena, Calif., who call themselves like to write. Therefore, the first letters oame cut their highway construction progra ms and "Vietnam Pen Pals," have been corres­ directly from the soldiers themselves to the it is becoming more and more apparent that ponding with our servicemen in Vietnam. Pen Pals. the President in the interest of cooling off As any former serviceman knows, mail Not all letters are a.bout war. Spec. 5 Jerry the inflation will also withhold Federal-Aid is important when a young man is away Evans sent Mrs. Gamble his description of highway funds. I do not believe that this is from his loved ones. Ifeel that the morale the country: "The countryside is beautiful, a proper course and I so stat ed to the Presi­ lush, green growth everywhere and beautiful, dent by telegram on September 4th as fol­ of our troops in Vietnam is higher be­ majestic mountains running north-south in lows: cause of the efforts of these women. I the central part of the country. It is ex­ "The PRESIDENT, wish to commend this fine group of tremely hot in the summertime, the tem­ " The White House. women from Gardena for the contribu­ perature varies between 100 and 130 degrees, "DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: As you and the Cab­ tion they are making, and I urge the con­ and during the damp season it averages in inet refine decisions relating to the econ­ tinuation of their efforts. the 90's every day. omy of the United St ates, it is to be hoped With this in mind, I submit for in­ "The Vietnamese people are very interest­ that the impact of these decisions will not clusion an article from the Gardena Val­ ing-small in size but large in stature. fall adversely on such facilities as hospitals, ley News entitled "Pen Pals' Letters Say They're a very polite and gracious people, educational institutions, post offices, sani­ often taken advantage of by the Americans." tation and pollution abatement works, high­ 'We Care' for Men in Vietnam" dated In answer to Mrs. Jensen's question in­ ways and bridges, mass transportation, air­ July 17, 1969, in the RECORD: quiring what he likes for fun, Cpl. John T. ports, flood control works and watersheds, PEN PALS' LETTERS SAY "WE CARE" TO MEN Higbee writes: "I like to do different things, and our harbors and navigable streams. IN VIETNAM but anything can be fun if you want it to These are progrruns of investment for our (By Betsy Berkhemer) be. Being born in a concrete jungle, I like to go camping and fishing in the moun­ people, their safety, and their physical and Mall is a common commodity taken for economic well being. They are already too tains and the forests. I really enjoy working granted by most Americans. Few of us realize in a garden-I love a beautiful yard with far behind the ne.eds of the times to be set what letters can mean to a serviceman in back further while we spend lavishly on flowers and all the other things that make Vietnam who lives close to his gun in the it beautiful." probes of outer space and over-commit mud and grime of war. funds for the defense program. Experience The war in Vietnam is so far away, 111 is ALL LIKE LETTERS with construction cutbacks has not dem­ sometimes hard to realize that it is actually onstrated that they achieve beneficial effects Gardena's Vietnam Pen Pals have learned happening. It is especially hard for women, that soldiers are very human, very nice, and as inflation retardants but has demonstrated who do not have husbands or sons in the that they create confusion and cause addi­ often very young. But no matter what their war, to feel any personal involvement in ages, they all like to receive mail. tional expense to both the public and pri­ Vietnam. vate sectors, while dislocating resources in Said Spec. 4 Randall W. Simmons of the But a small group of Gardena women, 67th Evacuation Hospital: "Mall is the many communities. I have discussed these dubbed Vietnam Pen Pals, have established views with numerous senators who have told most important thing to any GI here in their own commitment to fighting men whom Vietnam, and it's hard to get through days me that they concur. they only know through writing. These eight JENNINGS RANDOLPH, U.S.S." when there is no mall. We have lots of free women who have been a club for only a time here, especially at night when just Should President Nixon act to cut back the year, have received approximately 400 letters about all we do is write letters or go to a. Federal Aid program, it will further delay our from servicemen. movie." ability to meet the highway transportation Some of the Pen Pals are housewives; some Mrs. Sandy Ragon heard of the dual real­ needs of our Country. It will have an im­ are working women. Members include Mrs. ity of a. soldier's life from Bobbie Chapman mediate and severe impact on the construc­ Pete (Lois) Jensen, Mrs. Tony (Merry) Gam­ of the 701st Marine battalion: "We have it tion industry which has so well responded to ble, Mrs. Ronald (Sandra) Ragon, Mrs. Ed­ pretty good here, our PX is the best in the the commitment asked of it when the In­ ward C. (Florence) Coulson, Mrs. James area and we have a. new chapel. The food ls terstate program was enacted. More impor­ (Lee) Alpert, Miss Jean Perkins, Mrs. Frank real good. We sleep in large tents but they tantly, it will do a grave disservice to the (Sarah) Purkhart, and Mrs. Clara Riggs, all all have wooden floors and frames with half planned and balanced economic growth of of Gardena. walls of wood, the rest ls screen. the nation which relies heavily on highway Each lady has written to an average of 10 "We also have a company club where we transportation to help meet the needs of our different soldiers throughout the year, al­ have movies and even TV. But all is not people. though Mrs. Gamble and Miss Perkins, each peaches and cream. Only a. few hundred If highway funds are cut back, it will dis­ have about 40 pen pals in Vietnam. yards from us there are troops living in fox locate our ability to achieve longstanding WAR IS REAL holes." statutory goals. It will seriously impair our Bobbie Chapman later wrote about GI's ability to meet the needs of the future. While These corresponding ladies know first-hand what it is like to be in war and how much the coming home and advised: "Don't be alarmed its effects will be felt long after the with­ if he insists on carrying a weapon to the holding order is rescinded, it should not deter men appreciate their letters. Mrs. Lois Jensen received this evidence from Lt. Col. Ron dinner table or wakes you up in the middle our consideration of the matters which we Rumford: "Mail over here is the best thing of the night for guard duty. Keep cool when have discussed with you this morning. There a guy could receive (except maybe a girl). he pours gravy on his dessert at dinner and is no substitute for creative, careful planning I have been over here for more than 10 insists on eating with fingers and hands in­ and thoughtful consideration of the fur­ months and should be going home in about stead of knives and forks. Take it \-lith a ther essential development of our highway 60 days. I sure hope that my luck holds out smUe when he insists on digging up the gar­ system. until then. Right now I am on a bunker, just den to fill sand bags for the bunker he js Abraham Lincoln said: "The dogmas of the waiting for the rockets to start hitting.... " building." quiet past are inadequate for the stormy pres­ Merry Gamble also knows what war is. Spec. 4 James Heminover of the lOlst Air­ ent. We must think anew; we must act anew." Airman f.c. Michael Hoff wrote her: "When borne Division gave Mrs. Ragon a concise Those words from more than a century ago I arrived back at Da Nang today, I found out description of attack: "Here at Camp Eagle, 26746 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 we get hit With rockets about once a month. from my front porch at home in Fort George, encouraging progress in coping with the There's one sound, there's no mistake about Md." problem. what it is." Miss Jean Perkins heard from Allan Glass In recent years, however, an increasing VARIOUS VIEWPOINTS of the U.S. Marines what the war is all about: load of sediment has been washing from About his "R and R" in Australia, Spec. 4 "We take lives over here every day and we construction sites, from developing areas Al Hardtke said: "Needless to say, it was the think nothing of it, because we are in a war best week of my year over here. It was so for peace. But at the same time, for the same around cities where farms are turned wonderful to get away from this place and thing, I would go again and again to a war into housing developments and shopping live like a human. I enjoyed most the hot just like this so we can have that peace." centers, and from highway and airport shower, followed by some food and a good To. Mrs. Purkhart, Pfc. Larry Russo said, construction. Soil erosion is increased bed to sleep in." "I wish more people could show the friend­ dramatically when agricultural land is War takes on a different aspect to those ship and concern that you have shown me. converted to suburban uses. who work in hospitals, according to Spec. 4 Also wish that all the men in Vietnam were lucky enough to have a pen pal." The National Conference on Sediment Randall Simmons: "I don't see any of the was sponsored by the Soil Conservation fighting, but I see the results every day. The PEOPLE DO CARE patients are seriously wounded and many Society of America, the National Associ­ But it was the letter from John Bolton of ation of Counties, and the National As­ have amputated arms and legs. I feel sorry the 552nd Maintenance Division, written to for the Vietnaimese children who are Mrs. Ragon, that summed up the whole pur­ sociation of Soil and Water Conservation wounded. War is harder on them than on pose of the Vietnam Pen Pals in a few short Districts with the U.S. Departments of anyone." words: Agriculture, Interior, and Housing and Simmons also sent a letter thanking Mrs. "I was surprised to see that someone, be­ Urban Development cooperating. Ragon for her Christmas package " .. . I al­ sides my mother, cares t~at I am over here. It was my privilege to present the key­ ready have shared many of the items with When you spend a few days out in the fields, note address to the more than 350 con­ the others. I took some of the candy to the then come back and read the newspapers, you Orthopedic ward and the nurse said she ferees. I issued a challenge for an all­ wonder why you're over here fighting a war, out drive against the growing sediment would distribute it tonight after supper. when there's so much trouble at home. "One of the patients there is a little Viet­ Thank you for writing to let us know that threat. Norman A. Berg, Associate Ad­ namese girl, about two years old, who has there are a few people who care." ministrator of the Soil Conservation been badly burned and has only one leg. She And that is why these ladies take the time Service, told the conference that the is very cute and ls the sweetheart of the to write letters and gettogether to share re­ Department of Agriculture has developed ward. I'm sure she Will enjoy some of the plies. It's to let those Americans know that the principles and techniques to avoid candy. there are people here at home who care. Even sediment damage. Carl L. Klein, Assist­ "I am also going to share it with the Red though these ladies do not have husbands or Cross. The workers wlll be able to distribute ant Secretary of the Interior for Water brothers in Vietnam, they care about those Quality and Research, urged effective ac­ the gifts to the patients who come into their who a.re risking their lives in defense of their lounge. I can't thank you enough for a.11 the country. tion to control sediment which must be things you sent. Let me assure you that Anyone interested in a membership in the recognized as a costly pollutant of water everything will be used. I'll especially enjoy Pen Pals or writing to men in Vietnam may quality. the books and cookies that you made. I really Mr. President, I ask unanimous con­ appreciate your kindness and generosity." contact Mrs. Gamble, 324-9387 or Mrs. Ragon, 532-7553. sent that my remarks and those of Ad­ PERSONAL OPINIONS ministrator Berg and Assistant Secretary Carlton Woodward, stationed at Qui Nhon, Klein be printed in the RECORD. discussed his opinions with Pen Pal Mrs. NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON There being no objection, the items Clara Riggs: "Our real feeling about the SEDIMENT CONTROL were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Paris peace talks around here ls negative, as follows: since we have little intention of taking any­ thing they (the Viet Cong) say as truth until SPEECH BY SENATOR JENNINGS RANDOLPH, they prove it. Right now the Viet Cong is HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SEDIMENT CON­ very active here, since May 19 is Ho's birth­ OF WEST VIRGINIA TROL, WASHINGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 15, 1969 day and Qui Nhon is his birthplace, so you IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES SEDIMENT: No. 1 WATER POLLUTANT can see why we feel we are in for a rough Sediment is the world's greatest pollutant. time the next week or two at least. But we Tuesday, September 23, 1969 Across the Great Plains, down the Rocky are ready if anything breaks here. Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, last Mountains, along the mountain streams of "My job is not really interesting; mostly Appalachia, into the wide, fast rivers of the boring, until something happens to create a week representatives of county and State great Northwest, into the ebbing currents little excitement. For example, recently I had governments and soil conservation dis­ of the mighty Mississippi and the Gulf o! to take equipment to the men ln Dong Son, tricts from all parts of the United States Mexico flow billions of tons of soil material and Tuy Hoa, other field units. Our helicop­ participated in a National Conference on each year. About one-fourth of this ma­ ter went down and we had to watt more than Sediment Control. The conferees con­ terial-more than one billion tons of sedi­ two hours to get picked up to continue our vened to mobilize effective forces for the ment--reaches the major streams of the mission. It seems funny now, since no one improvement of water quality through­ United States annually. was hurt." That sediment has never been charged Pfc. Harry Johnston described the people to out America. and convicted as the Number One Water Mrs. Riggs: "When I first ca.me to Viet Nam I Their principal objective was to review Pollutant is simply the fault of our concern was shocked by the shacks many people here guidelines for local action by the 3,000 with more toxic materials--DDT, carbon live in. They are made of any discards they counties and 3,000 local conservation dis­ monoxide, lead, thermal heat. But the cold, can get. However, the houses around the big tricts to reduce sediment loads in streams hard fact is that subtle but large shifts in cities are made of cement. and lakes in our country. this Nation's top layer of earth are occurring "Also, their manner of dress here ls pathet­ This conference recognized that sedi­ as we stand here. And much of it is creat­ ic, except for the ones who can afford it. ing ha.roe in our agricultural industry, in They are adopting American styles. Even ment is the world's greatest pollutant. our water supplies, in our reservoirs, in though many live in abject poverty, they are Other sources of water pollution have stream channels, and even in our urban a proud people and are always trying to im­ drawn more attention than sediment, areas. prove themselves, and build a new life. particularly the dumping of raw or par­ In a recent report to the President by the There ls a girl who works in our PX who has tially treated sewage into our streams Secretary of Agriculture and the Director of a masters degree in mathematics from Michi­ and the spewing forth of industrial the Office of Science and Technology (called gan University." wastes into our rivers. "Oontrol of Agriculture--Related Pollu­ CLUB ACCOMPLISHMENT tion"), the findings were that: But sediment also is a menace to the "Soil erosion and its effects are damaging Private Johnston continued, "I like your quality of water. It clogs our streams, many times over. First, there is the irrep­ stationery With the American Flag in the impairs our harbors, and fills our lakes arable loss of soil that usually has taken corner. That Flag is the r-eason I am here, and reservoirs with mud. It destroys op­ many thousands of years to form. Second, to uphold what it stands for. Is there some­ sediments not only contribute heavily to sus­ place I can send for one?" portunities for recreation, raises the price of water and electric service, and pended-solids pollution but also add to the The Pen Pals Club sent Pfc. Johnston a 3x5 dissolved-solids problem. Third, sediment American Flag and pole. He was called home causes floods. frequently damages the area where it comes later because his mother had a serious acci­ Much of the sediment which fouls our to rest, for example, lined canals where dent and he wrote: "Thank you all so much water comes from agricultural land. This sediment furnishes a place for aquatic and for the Flag. Right now it is flying over our fact has been a national concern for more other weeds to grow." barracks, but in 20 short days, it will be flying than a generation, and we are making While the report noted that erosion and September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26747 sediment deposition may result in incidental streamfiow for water-quality control, but You are presently in the Potomac River benefits, there can be no question that the also in its impact on these facilities for rec­ Basin. The situation here is similar to other damage caused by this misplaced soil far out­ reation. regions of the country, so it is pertinent weighs the benefits. To underscore this problem, which is not that a quick discussion of the problems here Approximately 400,000,000 cubic yards of new to America, let me quote from Mark will give grist for your mills as you go back material is dredged annually from the Fed­ Twain's "Life on the Mississippi": to your own states and approach the prob­ eral project waterways by i;he Oorps of En­ "An article in the New Orleans Times­ lems in other areas. gineers. If the amounts dredged by con­ Democrat, based upon reports of able en­ The Potomac River Basin discharges about tractors from slips, berths, private channels gineers, states that the river annually emp­ 2.5 million tons of sediment to the Potomac and for reclamation work are added to the ties four hundred and six million tons of estuary each year. Although agricultural Federal work, it is estimated that the total mud into the Gulf of Mexico-which brings lands of this basin produce the major part may be about % billion cubic yards. to mind Captain Marryat's rude name for of the sediment, the urban areas in and Water erosion is the dominant problem on the Misslssippi-'the Great Sewer.' This around metropolitan areas of Washlngton­ 1 79 million acres of cropland and a secondary mud, solidified would make a mass a mlle where disturbance of the land surface by problem on an additional 50 million acres, square and 241 feet high. The mud deposit construction is active-produce an exceeding­ according to the Department of Agricul­ gradually extends the land-but only grad­ ly large share of the sediments. Surface min­ ture. At least half of the sediment is ually; it has extended it not quite a third o:t ing, highway construction, and now unpro­ coming from agricultural lands. Some 30 per a mile in the two hundred years which have tected roadbanks and fills in the Basin also cent of the total sediment arises as geologdc elapsed since the river took its place in contribute in disproportionately large erosion takes place--for example, there ls history." amounts of the sediment if consid-ered in tremendous erosion of the Badlands of South The piecemeal approach to reducing this terms of unit area. Dakota. Five to ten per cent of the Nation's national blight, begun in Samuel Clemens' This week the Committee on Public Works' total silt comes from forests and rangelands. time, will no longer suffice. We can continue Subcommittee on Flood Control-Rivers and Urban, industrial and highway construction to grant relief to our neighbors across the Harbors, chaired by the able Senator Stephen sites and roadbanks also contribute large country who are hit by extraordinary cir­ M. Young of Ohio, begins hearings on amounts of eroded materials, and, although cumstances, as we have those in Mississippi projects proposed by the Corps of Engineers these amounts are small compared to the and Virginia. But we must begin to prepare to control flooding and provide continued other sources, they may contribute over half in advance, to plan our actions far enough water reserves for this entire area. of the silt to the streams in a local water­ in the future to prevent this destruction and You are no doubt aware of the problems shed undergoing intensive construction ac­ costly rebuilding process which we are now of this area in recent months. For several tivities. I will return to this in a few witnessing. years, the Washington area has been plagued moments. We in Congress have begun to take a more with near-drought conditions, with low flow The problems of sedimentation and soil unified, overall look at these environmental of waters in critical summer months, pollu­ erosion are most cogently driven home in problems which continually plague the or­ tion of the water supply, and recurrent local areas where large and sudden erosion and derly development of our society. Last year, flash floods, especially in the Northern Vir­ accumulation of materials takes place. For for instance, we passed the "Rivers and Har­ glnla. area. example, the Committee on Public Works bors Act of 1968" which, among other things, The Corps of Engineers has proposed the has been spending intensive efforts in the aimed at one of the main roots of sediment construction of six dams on the upper arms past few days to finish up a disaster relief control. It provided that the Secretary of the of the Potomac River to alleviate the drought bill in the wake of Hurricane Camille, which Army, acting through the Chief of Engineers, situation and to insure an adequate supply swept through the southern states last be authorized to make studies of "the nature of clean, fresh drinking water for the next month, devastating large areas, particularly and scope of the damages which result from decades. The Corps has also proposed the in Mississippi and Virginia. Many lives were streambank erosion throughout the United complete reconstruction of highway and rail­ lost and much human suffering occurred with States, with a view toward determining the road bridges and the entire stream channel loss of homes and property, as well as un­ need for, and the feasibility of, a coordinated of a local tributary, Four Mile Run, to cope told injury and damage. program of streambank protection in the in­ with the flooding situation in Northern Vir­ But the losses to this natural disaster were terests of reducing damages from the deposi­ ginia. These two measures are admittedly not restricted to the human side. They are tion of sediment in reservoirs and water­ stop-gap in nature. They may well bring re­ also readily apparent when one views the de­ ways, the destruction of channels and adja­ lief during the closing years of this century. struction to our land and waterways cent lands, and other adv~rse effects of But, if erosion and sedimentation of this throughout these States. Fl0odborne sedi­ strei:..:nbank erosion." That study, not yet Potomac River Basin continue-and espe­ ment deposited on productive fiood plains completed, should provide a detailed survey cially if these processes accelerate as local caused ext.ensive damage to crops and will of areas where significant erosion occurs and urbanization continues--more and bigger ultimately reduce the productivity of alu­ guidelines for action to halt the erosion when and more costly solutions will have to be vial soils in the areas. The sediment de­ it is economically justified. found. posits in stream channels have reduced their This is a majo1 8tep in the right direction One of the major problems ls erosion along capacity to convey water and seriously im­ to prevent erosion. Other steps h&.ve been the rural roads and highways where protec­ paired their ability to drain adjacent lands. taken by the Department of Agriculture in tion has not been provided. It has been Drainage and irrigation ditches clogged with its programs of soil conservation anci re­ shown that during road construction in sediment no longer function. And the silting sources management. Many acres of once Scott Run Watershed, Fairfax County, Vir­ of dams along the waterways has signifi­ scarred and ugly farmed-out agricultural ginia, sediment equivalent to some 89,000 cantly reduced the amount of waters in the lands have been seeded and reforested, and tons per square mile per year was produced reservoirs. flood control ponds and lakes now dot the at the source. About half this amount was Early reports from the Soil Conservation countryside. In other areas, the Forest Serv­ measured downsteam. The sediment yield for Service indicate that more than 600 miles of ice and the Bureau of Mines have been co­ an average storm from highway construction streams in Virginia, alone, have experienced operating to control erosion and silting from areas was found to be about 10 times greater extensive silting, which will require costly the giant mountains of mineral wastes and than that from cultivated land, 200 times sediment removal and maintenance and re­ slag piles from America's mining operations. greater than that from grassed areas, and pair of stream banks, bridges and dams in New state laws requiring backfilling and 2,000 times greater than from forested areas. the State. Estimates now show that the cost reforestation of strip mines are helping con­ Studies in other areas have shown even of engineering, surveys, construction, con­ trol the overall amount of sediments reacn­ greater sedimentation. Volumes as much as tracting, removal of debris and sediment will ing our streams and lakes. 2,000 cubic yards per square mile of access run nearly $4 million. And, while the cost But these are only first steps, feeble steps road have been measured in mountainous of restoration will be large, another fiood like those of an infant beginning to walk. could be doubly catastrophic. With these Remember, more than a billion tons of sedi­ country. streams and rivers so badly silted, little new ment are now reaching our waterways alone, It is obvious that erosion and sedimenta­ runoff could be handled and the extent of and three times that amount is creeping tion from our Federal, State and local high­ damage would greatly exceed that of across our most fertile valleys, moving down way construction projects is fast becoming Camille. our mountainsides, being tracked into our a problem of major proportion. And, until we begin to control this organized, sponsored This ls, of course, an unusual situation. kitchens to be swept out by the Nation's housewives. erosion, it will be next to impossible to tell Most of the erosion and sedimentation ta.k­ private home-builders and contractors to ing place in the country is more gradual. The problems of our urban and near­ control the erosion from construction sites. But the extent of damage is probably many urban areas are mounting. A century ago times larger. Recent figures indicate that when the agricultural erosion cast the top­ Sedimentation is, as I pointed out, the the storage ca.pa.city of artificial reservoirs soil into the vast western rivers, sedimenta­ number one pollutant. But, in the larger in the Nation is being reduced at the rate of tion was not the problem it is today. But, with scheme of things, it is only one of the en­ about 1 million a.ere-feet ea.ch year by the the buildup of cities along these water­ vironmental problems with which we are deposition of sediment. This damage is re­ courses, and with the growing need for clean, increasingly concerned. fiected not only in the loss of storage ca­ fresh water, these murky, muddy solids and There is current ferment in Washington pacity for water supply, flood contr.)l, power residues in the waterways have finally and a.cross the Nation to establish a national generation, navigation, and regulation of reached the crisis level. policy for environmental quality. 26748 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969

At a time when man can finally reach out URBAN SEDIMENT CAN BE CONTROLLED * problems respect no manmade boundaries, and explore the moon in person, too many I welcome this opportunity to meet with and many of the conservation techniques Americans find themselves wallowing in an you who direct the destinies of some of apply equally well on the farm and in town. environment which is becoming almost as America's leading counties and conservation Many communities have asked for conserva­ hostile as the surface of the moon. districts. You may have challenges on your tion help. Many have found soil surveys j~st It is gratifying that we express concern time and your conscience; I hope you will as useful in planning urban conservation over the conditions of this environment. It is take up the challenge of sediment control needs and land use patterns as in making an important first step to realize that a prob­ as a part of your larger quest to match en­ farm or ranch decisions-so useful, in fact, lem does exist. It is necessary to recognize vironmental quality with economic growth. that many communities are now sharing the that pollution can degrade the environment Sediment control is vitally important to cost of soil surveys in order to speed their to the point where man, as we know him, your counties. I hope that the film last night completion for land-use planning. cannot survive. And it is vital to realize that and Senator Randolph's talk this morning This same concept lead to broader involve­ man's social activities have a direct bearing have driven home that point. My mission ment in watershed projects, creating new on the condition of the environment. this morning is to suggest some alternatives recreation opportunity and new water sup­ The Committee on Public Works has recog­ to sediment production-a major pollution plies for municipal and industrii.tl use. The nized this problem and is attempting to problem-and to indicate the kinds of as­ ability of conservation work to generate new rectify it. sistance that the USDA, the Soil Conserva­ industry and tourism and eoonomic stability In June, I cosponsored with 40 of my col­ tion Service, and local soil and water con· led to the resource conservation and devel­ leagues a new bill, the "Environmental Qual­ servatlon districts can provide in this area. opment projects, where conservation work ity Improvement Act of 1969," to establish a Then you'll hear a panel discussion of some over a multicounty area helps communities national policy for the environment. This bill of our experiences. grow to join the economic and social main­ stream of American life. was appended to the Water Quality Improve­ I'll begin by discussing what SOS and ment Act of 1969 (S. 7) as Title II of that It is in our work with growing communi­ legislaition. conservation districts have been up to for the past three decades, and how their activ­ ties-as district cooperators or project spon­ Title II provides for more effective coor­ ities and interests have come to mesh with sors-that we come to grips with a growing dination of Federal air quality, water quality, yours. sediment pollution problem. It constitutes an and solid waste disposal programs, and fior The Soil Conservation Service began of­ instant reversal of protective land use for many years. It poses a threat to reservoirs the consideration of environmental quality ficial life in 1935 in the Department of and flood-control structures. It is an expen­ in all public works programs and projects. Agriculture, after a brief time as the Soil More importantly, it calls for the coordina­ Erosion Service over in the Interior Depart­ sive and destructive pollution problem. tion of all Federal research programs which We haven't finished the sediment control ment. SCS was charged with helping land job on farm or forest or rangeland, by any improve knowledge of environmental modi­ owners and operators fight a national fications resulting from increased population, means. But sediment in suburbia ls an in­ menace-loss of soil by wind and water­ creasingly challenging and difficult frontier urban concentration, industrial develop­ that had ravaged much of the country, par­ ment, and other activities of our society. ticularly the deep-gullied Southeast and a of conservation. Our proposed new legislation also would Consider some facts: Great Plains that was being bowled over by The modern shopping center using 25 authorize the Secretary of the Interior to dust. assist in the sealing and filling of voids in acres of land covers 19 acre6 with rooftop, Several concepts took hold rather quickly blacktop, or concrete, including space for abandoned coal mines, the planning and ex­ in our business: ecution of projects to control mine fires. The parking, access roads and streets, and curb­ First, that we couldn't get very far by ing. The abiUty of the remaining six acres sealing of abandoned oil and gas wells, and Federal edict-that conservation would be the reclamation and rehabilitation of strip to absorb water is usually cut way down be­ successful only through active local leader­ cause of grading, shaping, and other con­ and surface mined lands in areas with poten­ ship in setting goals, in planning, and in tial for future growth. This, too, will pro­ struction operations. A similar situation pre­ carrying out land use and conservation treat­ vails in a new industrial area, where mcst vide for the reclamation and development ment. of areas which have been scarred and de­ of the workers commute by automobile and This led to formation of soil conservation where modern, efficient materials handling graded. districts in every State. These local units and processing equipment is used. This mass Erosion and sediment control and recla­ of State government were charged with re­ mation of land which has been misused by sponsibility for conservation work within alteration of land is creating real problems poor farming and forestry practices is an­ in water control. their boundaries. The USDA and others work A study recently released by the American other area for which the legislation provides. with and through them to aid individuals The Act authorized contracts of up to 10 and groups with needed conservation action. Institute of Planners titled, "Environment years to establish measures for the conser­ Most districts now are organized along and Change-the Next Fifty Years," reveals that land is p :-esently being urbanized at vation and development of the region's soil, county lines, in order to fit their programs the rate of 3,000 acres a day, and the rate can water, woodland, wildlife, and recreation more closely with other countrywide plan­ resources. ning and local government. be expected to accelerate. This is the scale of our concern-how to safely alter the use of It is axiomatic that the United States must A second concept was that no one con­ 3,000 acres of land a day. have a continually increasing supply of min­ servation practice would work everywhere­ erals if we are to meet the needs of our The study states further that not only conservation had to fit the local climate, will there be more people; they will take burgeoning population for a comfortable topography, and soil conditions. Soil sur­ standard of living and for national security. more land per person. In 1850, 1,000 urbanites veys became an essential aid in fitting conser­ used about 10 acres; in 1920, they used 30 At the same time, other natural resources vation treatments to the land and deciding acres, and in 1950 they used 1,000 acres. must be preserved and protected. Purely in­ what alternatives there were for proper use dustrial and economic considerations must We're in an urban-suburban competition for of the land. What is a soil survey? It is a set space that isn't about to let up. be weighed against their impact on the en­ of maps that shows the location and extent vironment. Now, with the help of some slides, I want of the different kinds of soil. A text that to show you what the sediment problem is Industrial wastes and municipal sewage accompanies the maps describes the soils in and what can be done about it. As we go pollute our streams. So does sediment from an area, and how their properties influence through these, lock for your own county or agricultural activities, highway and urban the uses that may safely be made of a tract district. If it's in a "before" picture, I'd like construction, and burned-over forest lands. of land, and the treatment that it needs to to see you come back next year and bring an Automobiles pollute the air. Beer cans defile keep it from being damaged. "after" picture. If you're already in the the countryside. Although water pollution is There are more than 70,000 kinds of soils "after" column, my hat's off to you. reaching intolerable levels, the loss of soil by in the United States. There may be several Let's look at a typical piece of the rural erosion is at least as serious, and is inextric­ kinds in a small area, each of which may conservation scene-a tra-0t of land used for ably involved with many water pollution react differently to uses and treatments. a purpose that suits the characteristics of problems, especially those resulting from Hence the importance of knowing the soils! the soil, and fitted with vegetati.on and surface mining and construction activities. A third concept was that you couldn't sep­ planting methods tha.t control water flow Man now has the power to control many arate soil and water-the use or control of across the property. The land is protected, of the elements of nature. He can destroy one affects the useability of the other. This and productive, and attractive. the soil, render air and water unusable led to watershed protection projects to pre­ Now let's suppose that a metropolitan area through pollution, kill every form of life­ vent floods and protect land from damage. grows out to meet this property. This hap­ himself included. A fourth concept was that you can't really pens to at least a million acres of farmland If he has this power to destroy, he also separate rural problems from urban problems a year-that's 3,000 acres a day. The land has the means to conserve and protect. in resource conservation. Soil and water waits for a time, idle but still protected ... Whether he has the wisdom and self-deter­ Then the bulldozers come in, and as we mination to take effeetive action in the •Speech by Norman A. Berg, Associate say about the Washington Senators, it's a remainder of this century may well deter­ Administrator, Soil Conservation Service, whole new ballgame. Acre upon acre ls laid mine the course of man's future years on National Conference on Sediment Control, bare as farmland turns into land for housing Earth. Washington, D.C., September 15, 1969. or stores or highways or airports. Sometimes Septernber 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26749 it lies unprotected for years while fiancing is until just before construction, and disturb Their concern is for the many other pol­ arranged. But nature doesn't wait to begin only as much areas as is needed at one time. lutants that are carrie:i with sediment in her work. This apartment-house builder did clear and uncontrolled water, often adsorbed on the With the loss of ground cover, water moves grade a large area, but he tied down with surface of the soil particles. across the land on its own terms now, faster grasses the part of the land he would build So, just as my agency and conservation and more concentra.ted, picking up soil as it on later. districts took the challenge of wasted flows and leaving gullies behind. Fourth, help water move more safely off land . . . and found an opportunity for a Leaving land wide open to the elements the property by putting in storm drains beautiful land-just as we've helped make like this can increase soil erosion in a year's early ... rural America not only productive but also time from 50 tons per square mile to more And by getting quick vegetation on nat­ a fine place to live and work- than 25,000 tons per square mile. ural channels between buildings . . . You have a challenge in both town and The eroded soil moves from higher ground And below storm drains or other outlets. country of changing the use of land without to lower ground, and is carried along in the Thls kind of grassed waterway has been used ruining the land and the water that drains water into storm sewers. on farmland for many years to carry water from it. Eventually, it reappears downstream. Here, safely off the field without erosion. You have an opportunity to assure the a muddy tributary from a construction site Fifth, hillsides and roadbeds need to be kind of pleasant surroundings that city peo­ joins a relatively sediment-free stream. stabilized quickly. On gentle slopes, seeding ple move out to find in the first place. Most of the soil particles don't stay sus­ or sodding may work well . . . Principles and techniques are available, pended in the water for long. Many are But on steeper seeding lawngrasses may then, or on the way, to avoid sediment dam­ dropped out along the course of the stream, not do the job at all ... age. How to get them used? You will hear filling the natural streambed and clogging Sod may be the answer, to give quick later this morning from some of our friends expensive water disposal structures. cover or to do the job where seeded grass about their pioneering experiences. But let Many other soil particles reach lakes and has failed. But I question the results here; me now suggest some general guidelines that reservoirs. They reduce the storage capacity this is not an overhead photo of sodding on may help in bringing about a workable sedi­ for municipal water supplies that already a reasonably gentle slope ... but a picture ment control program in your county. are strained to the limit in many communi­ of sodding a nearly vertical cliff, where First, it would be helpful if every builder ties now. They increase water bills, and often chances of any grass surviving are slim, and in your county had a code that followed they destroy the lake's usefulness for recrea­ chances of mowing and maintenance are even along the lines I have outlined this morning. tion and scenic enjoyment. slimmer. To summarize: 1. Choose the site that has the right soil But the cost of removing sediment and Slopes can be protected until plants are restoring lakes and waterways to tranquil properties, including natural drainage topog­ established, by using a straw mulch that raphy, for the intended use. beauty and usefulness is staggering. helps hold the soil and keep it moist while Over a billion cubic yards of sediment is 2. Use areas with soils not well suited to grass grows. A light asphalt spray would be intensified development for parks and other deposited in reservoirs each year, and nearly effective here, too. half a billion cubic yards is dredged from open space uses. And don't forget the con­ Or, you can hold the soil down with jute tinuing needs for wildlife habitat. We need rivers and harbors. matting, which rots away after its job is done Dredging can cost from 50 cents to two birds and fish and other animals in town and the grass takes over. and country. dollars a cubic yard, a bill that is paid not so A close-up shows how tight the matting much by the people who created the problem, 3. Save trees and other existing vegetation holds, but how it still leaves room for grass wherever possible. They enhance the beauty but by taxpayers, many of them far down­ to grow. stream from the critical source of the sedi­ of the subdivision (and thus have a dollar In critical areas, using boards for tem­ value) , they provide cooling shade and they ment. porary terraces may protect the site for a A more direct cost to homeowners may help control erosion. few weeks until plants can get a strong foot­ 4. Expose as small an area of land as prac­ occur when sediment fills a streambed and hold. robs it of its capacity to carry storm runoff. tical at any one time during development. All of these methods prove the point that 5. Expose the land for as short a period The result is flooded yards and basements, banks can be beautiful. and when the waters recede, an expensive as possible. Another vital step is to place sediment 6. Hold lot grading to a minimum. cleanup job begins. These are all damages traps or basins at low points in the construc­ resulting downstream from the unwise con­ 7. Plan streets to avoid long stretches of tion site to trap soil that does get loose. excessive grade----that is, fit the developmen~ struction practices. Some erosion is inevitable while the land But what about the construction site it­ to the con tour of the land. is disturbed, but these basins will keep sedi­ 8. Provide adequate drainage to streets and self? You can't take away tons of soil with­ ment from leaving the site and having to out effect -and the effect can be very ex­ from streets to storm sewers or other runoff be dredged out of reservoirs and channels disposal systems so water does not erode the pensive ... at taxpayer's expense. Careful construction work is washed out in land or flood property below. Sediment basins simply hold the water 9. Plant tempcrary vegetation during de­ a single rainstorm ... backyards disappear long enough to settle out soil particles, and downhill ... or threaten to engulf the velopment in critical areas subject to may later serve as attractive ponds. erosion. house ... and roads wash out before they These are just some of the principles and can be paved. Is sediment control so expen­ 10. Build sediment basins to catch sedi­ practices that can be followed to create ment from runoff waters during development. sive that the risk of construction damage or attractive buildings at the lowest cost to legal action by downstream landowners is 11. Provide for disposing of increased run­ the community and its environment. There off caused by changed land formations. And, preferable? I don't th.ink so! is no magic; neither are all the answers 12. Plant permanent vegetation and install It is possible to have more homes for more simple. We don't have all the answers yet, people without first wrecking the landscape structures as soon as possible. by any means. SCS and conservation dis­ How do we get every builder to adopt and and polluting our water. tricts are working together in trying out It is possible to carve out a space for a follow such a code? and adapting other farm-based techniques I suggest that plans for sediment control house without removing every tree in the to new situations. vicinity. will be carried out only if they are initiated It is possible to build commercial or in­ The Agricultural Research Service in the and followed through by people who know dustrial centers a piece at a time without Department of Agriculture has more than what they are doing and who c:u-e about the leaving t he whole site bare for years ... 400 scientists engaged in conservation re­ consequences. Responsibility must be trans­ It is possible to build highways, even great search, and sedimentation studies are a ma­ ferred all the way along the line from the ones, without ruining waterways for miles jor part of this effort. They are studying people who plan a change, to those who re­ downstream . . . how sediment is made, transported, and view it, to the builder, the bulldozer operator, How to do it? Many of the answers are distributed in channels, lakes, and reser­ the sediment control inspector, the landscape already available ... voirs. They are developing techniques and architect, the nurseryman, the homeowner. First-and foremost-is to plan for sedi­ equipment for measuring and reducing that At every step there must be understanding ment control as a regular part of any con­ sediment. and awareness of the ordinances and tech­ struction planning, with whatever technical Studies involve use of everything from niques for sediment control-and good stand­ help may be needed. And follow the plans. gravel drains to prairie hay sprayed with ards and specifications for them. It is far cheaper to foresee problems and pre­ asphalt, to flowering ornamentals on high­ We must create public awareness of the vent them than to try and correct them way embankments, to concrete block revet­ need for sediment control to muster the later. ments. Their aim is to find techniques that support needed to make recommendations Second, find out a.bout the soils-how well landowners, district and county governing into regulations. We must make sediment they will drain, how erosive they are, what bodies, and others can use in the fight control in urbanizing areas a sta.ted policy of kinds of plants are needed to protect them against sediment damage. the county government and all agencies that during or after construction, and other facts. Their concern is that each year over a operate in the county. This is equally important as finding out how billion cubic yards of sediment are deposited We must learn to manage people as care­ well the sites will support the buildings or in our major reservoirs. This represents fully as soil and water. Builders are busi­ roads. enough water capacity to supply a city of nessmen, not monsters. They deserve a work­ Third, leave vegetation on the ground 5Y2 million persons for a year. able set of regulations and specifications. 26750 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 They deserve helpfulness, and they de3erve AN ANCIENT PROBLEM ards, and they are flexible. However, the not to be pushed too fast, too far, or too soon. The subject that draws us here today has flexibility is aimed at improvement toward They deserve the kinds of laws that put the been a pollution problem for some 8,000 years. enhancement, looking forward to better ethical ones on an even-money basis with It was that long ago that the Sumerians are water quality. The standards need to undergo those who now cut corners, cut costs, and believed to have invented irrigation to in­ periodic review and re-evaluation to con­ create critical source3 of sediment. crease their crop yields from the fertile form to changing conditions and times, and There are different versions of basic regu­ plains of Mesopotamia. Sumeria prospered to the application of new technologies as lations. For example, ( 1) pre-grading, and for centuries as it grew up around a canal these are introduced. building permit review by the conservation system that is still a wonder to modern en­ The flexibility factor in water quality district; (2) review plus performance bonds gineers. standards is perhaps more important to sedi­ for conservation measures; and (3 ) review Sumeria's prosperity unfortunately led to ment pollution control than to any other plus penalties for those who violate stand­ the abuse of its natural surroundings. For, single substance considered in water quality ards. There are others. Determine what will when Sumerian builders cut down the forests criteria. It so happens, for instance, that work best in your own situation. Fit it into on the upland slopes of the Tigris and Eu­ not one state has set forth specific criteria your review procedures for building and phrates Rivers to develop housing and shop­ on suspended solids in the water quality grading permits, and assign an effective unit ping centers for their expanding cities. flash standards they have submitted. This to me of local government to be responsible for floods swept vast quantities of silt off the is very disturbing, especially when you con­ inspection, regulation, and followup. denuded mountains and int o the irrigation sider that sediment has been named as a. And finally, remember that the time for ditches. Ultimately, the irrigation system major pollutant in our waters. action is not when you need the dredge. broke down. crops failed, people starved, and FWPA ACTIVITY Planning is the keyword--choosing sites care­ Sumerian civilization began its long decay. To measure the states' progress in im­ fully on the basis of soil surveys and other Similar disasters have followed man's at­ information, and planning erosion control plementing pollution control standards, the tempts to spread civilization throughout his­ Federal Water Pollution Control Administra­ measures that fit the soils, topography, and tory. It seems we don't try hard enough to climate. There are no cure-alls; measures tion (FWPCA) has enlarged and coordinated learn lessons from the past. its water quality monitoring system with must be suited to each site's peculiar needs, The problem of siltation or sedimentation, those of the states and the U.S. Geological on the basis of diagnosis and experience and which is still very much with us, might be Survey. Turbidity is one of the parameters skill. more easily identified by some specific mod­ measured in this coordinated sampling The Soil Conservation Service and soil ern examples. The need for Oakley Reservoir system. and water conservation districts stand ready near the University of Illinois at Champaign The FWPCA is still urging the States to to offer their assistance. You'll find experi­ was brought about by the fact that 160 acres give special attention to land erosion in their ence and skill as well among land and water of topsoil, one foot deep, was being washed compliance programs. Many of the States contractors; landscape architects; nursery­ into Lake Decatur every year. This accumula­ have informed us that they are working with men; ancl. others. With the sk1lls available tion greatly reduced the efficiency of the lake the Soil Conservation Service to develop right now, urban sediment can be controlled. as a reservoir and as a water supply until it ts sound land management practices to keep The guide for county governments that now at the point of elimination. sediment out of their waterways. But, this you will help develop this week can be a In another part of Illinois, the Carlyle is not enough. A better approach, such as major contribution to removing sediment as Reservoir on the Kaskaskia River was built that taken by the State of Maryland, is to a major problem in growing America. Make without protection from siltation. As a re­ enact laws to regulate and prevent erosion the guide as comprehensive and as workable sult, in the Hurricane Creek regions, the sil­ from urban development and highway con­ as you can. Make it flexible enough to fit tation was two to three feet deep within 18 struction. every county, every conservation district. months after the opening of the reservo!r . The National Technical Advisory Commit­ Make it a valuable tool in helping improve It seems hard to believe, but today, despite tee not long ago produced a report on re­ the quality of the environment as America's the expenditure of vast sums and tremen­ search needs in this area. It made five points communities grow. It ls important work­ dous effort, three billion tons of U.S. soil are regarding sedimentation, stressing that the lmportant to your county and to the Nation. washed from cultivated or barren fields and mechanics of erosion are the same whether I wish you Godspeed. over-grazed ranges every year. Sediment-one the source be farmlands, highway construc­ of America's major pollutants-still fills our tion, or urban development. REMARKS BY THE HONORABLE CARL L. KLEIN, waterways, kills fish and other aquatic life, The report said increased research is ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR FOR clogs reservoirs, or rolls its way down the needed to understand the mechanics of ero­ WATER QUALITY AND RESEARCH, NATIONAL Mississippi to the sea. sion from different land use areas; that CONFERENCE ON SEDIMENT CONTROL, WASH­ America's topsoil is one of its most pre­ management practices must be developed to INGTON, D.C., SEPTEMBER 15, 1969 cious assets. It must be saved-and it can minimize sediment production on a water­ Our country's first great conservationist, be saved by good land practices. shed basts, and that protective vegetative President Theodore Roosevelt, said in 1907 To achieve this, we shall have to do a more cover ts a critical factor in controlling ero­ that conservation and the proper use of all complete and thorough job of planning on sion and needs further evaluation. It also our natural resources is the fundamental river basins and creek basins. We shall have said more research ts needed on the trans­ problem underlying almost every other prob­ to plan so that we minimize the effects of port and deposition of sediment once it finds lem of our national life. sedimentation on our lakes, rivers, and reser­ its way into streams, and that the role of More than 60 years have passed since our voirs, and so that we can reclaim whatever sediment as a transport agent for pesticides 26th President made this sensible observa­ top soil is lost after the minimization. and other chemicals in streamflow must be tion. Yet, we have not used the intervening But, even this is not enough to protect our more clearly defined. years to good advantage where environmental topsoil from erosion. We should look back A number of important steps have been pollution is concerned. Instead, we have to the Sumerians and recognize that urban taken by the FWPCA toward national control continued to foul the air and contaminate development can contribu\; ~ significantly to of sediment pollution. With the Corps of our waters with every imaginable form of this problem. Engineers, the FWPCA is studying the effects waste. URBAN SOIL EROSION of sediment on water quality in the Great President Nixon today calls pollution, "the It is estimated that more than 4,000 acres Lakes in connection with the Corps' dredging greatest threat to our environment in his­ a day are being plowed up to build real estate operations. Also, in recent months, FWPCA tory." In calling for a cleanup of our air developments, suburban facilities, highways Commissioner Dominick released a report on and water, he said, "Together we have dam­ and indust-tes. Sediment yields from some water pollution from urban runoff, including­ aged the environment, but together we can of these activities are believed to be 500 times storm sewers and combined storm-sanitary­ improve it once again." greater than from rur1.l soil erosion, and sewers. The $104,000, 275-page report, which Earlier this month, Secretary Walter Hickel urban drainage from con~rete surfaces pro­ was prepared by the American Public Works said, "The people of America have made lt vides another substantial source of sediment Association Research Foundation, made 14 abundantly clear that they will no longer deposits. recommendations for curing this source of' tolerate pollution of their environment." He In dealing with sediment pollution, the pollution. said the Government intends to "prosecute Interior Department must now rely on the One of the startling findings of the report. t hose who pollute,'' and he ordered hearings same tools as are available in the struggle was that a 14-day accumulation of litter in to be held on charges against a city, four against other forms of pollution. As many an urban area, when flushed into sewers by a steel companies, and a mining firm accused of you know, the Federal Water Pollution two-hour storm, had a pollutional shock of polluting interstate waters. Act of 1956, the Water Quality Act of 1965 load per mile that was 1 Y2 times greater than The Secretary said that compllance with and the Clean Water Restoration Act of 1966 the average amount of raw sewage discharged pollution ordinances will be secured through provide the major muscle in this effort. from the area. court action if necessary and through new Water quality standards, along with plans Even more startling are the disclosures legislation which we will be seeking from for implementing and enforcing them, are made about salt used for highway de-icing. Congress. We know that pollution is all over now established by all 50 states and ap­ Chlorides used for this purpose contain tiny the country. and we are determined to abate proved by the Secretary of the Interior. This blue crystals of cyanide, and heavy concen­ it everywhere. makes them Federal as well as State stand- trations of cyanide have been discovered in September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26751 the runoff water emanating from this source. 1969, in which she discusses problems of OKINAWA PROBLEM TESTS NIXON The report said the chemical era has multi­ sex education and SIECUS-Sex Infor­ DIPLOMACY plied pollution problems as a result of this mation and Education Council of the and other practices by municipalities and property owners related to the increased United States-will be of interest to the usage of pesticides, herbicides, rodenticides Members: HON. HARRY F. BYRD, JR. and fertilizers. (From the Washington Post, Sept. 21, 1969] OF VmGINIA SEDIMENT CONTROL SIECUS IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES Under a grant from FWPCA, the National DEAR ANN LANDERS: Where do you stand on Tuesday, September 23, 1969 Associatiton of Counties--one of the hosts of sex education in the public schools? Some this meeting-has completed the draft of a of my friends say it gives kids ideas and Mr. BYRD of Virginia. Mr. President, "Community Action Program for Sediment leads them into doing things they have no the newspaper Human Events for August Control." As the conference program indi­ business doing. My sister-in-law in Michigan 30, 1969, contains an excellent article cates, chapters from this 132-page draft will is horrified at what her children were entitled "Okinawa Problem Tests Nixon be reviewed at your sessions here tomorrow taught last year in sixth grade. She described Diplomacy," written by Gen. Thomas morning. At this point, I will say only that the literature (complete with pictures} as A.Lane. the FWPCA is proud to have had a p-art in "disgusting and filthy." this important undertaking. Yesterday I received a mailing from Dallas I commend the article to the atten­ Another FWPCA report, to be submitted that knocked me off my chair. It said this tion of the Senate and ask unanimous within the next few months, covers a two­ whole campaign for sex education is being consent that it be printed in the Exten­ year study on the effects of erosion, dredging, pushed by a Communist-backed organization sions of Remarks. and landfills on the quality of estuarine called SIECUS-(Sex Information and Edu­ There being no objection, the article waters. This national estuarine study will be cation Council of the United States). was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, another important contribution to the con­ According to this article, SIECUS was as follows: trol of sediment pollution in our coastal founded by Mary Calderone, a woman from waters, since traditional rules and methods the East who goes around giving dirty lec­ OKIN AWA PROBLEM TESTS NIXON DIPLOMACY: for sediment control in fresh water may not tures at prep schools. The article· ended up PROPAGANDA CAMPAIGN To RETURN ISLAND apply in estuaries a.nd marine waters. saying the movement is a plot to weaken our TO JAPAN PICKS UP STEAM In its own laboratories and through grants country so the Commies can come in and (By Gen. Thomas A. Lane) and contracts, the FWPCA is seeking the best take over. What is SIECUS? Who is Mary The recent travels of Secretary of State scientific and engineering talent in the na­ Calderone? Do you believe children should be William P. Rogers to Japan for consultation tion for research into the problem under given sex education in the public schools? If with Premier Eisaku Sato coupled with Jap­ examination at this conference. A number of so, at what age? I am confused and fright­ anese reaction to the nerve gas incident on our staff experts are here to participate and ened. My husband and I have faith in your Okinawa have alerted Americans to the Jap­ elaborate on what we have done and are do­ judgment. Will you guide us?-Sun.-Times anese drive for full sovereignty over Oki­ ing in this respect. Readers. nawa. There is some indication that Japanese I would like to point out that where we DEAR READERS: Mary Calderone is a politicians think the intensity of public were once concerned about sediment as dis­ Quaker, a Vassar graduate, a physician, the agitation for return of the island will force placed soil particles, we must now consider daughter of the famous photographer, Ed­ the United States to concede the issue. also the additional deposits of organic sub­ ward Steichen, and the wife of Dr. Frank Agitators in Japan have used the issue to stance, originating in sewage, industry and Calderone, formerly with the World Health arouse anti-American sentiment. The Jap­ animal wastes and plant residues that form Organization. She has three daughters and anese government is asking for early action. sediment. This is so because the importance two teen-age grandsons. Dr. Calderone was Soviet subversion stirs the brew. Some Ameri­ of sediments as pollutants is increasing, par­ the National Director of Planned Parenthood cans argue that prudence requires the early ticularly in view of the ability of soil to ab­ and founded SIECUS in 1964. restoration of Japanese sovereignty over the sorb inorganic nutrients, pesticides and other SIECUS is a non-profit health agency made island. organics, including oily substances, and to up of religious, medical, educational and In the peace treaty of 1952 ending our release these materials into our waterways. other professional leaders. Among organiza­ World War II occupa.tion of Japan, the Sediment not only represents a heavy eco­ tions supporting sex education in the schools United States reserved to itself de facto sov­ nomic drain in the loss of valuable topsoil, are the American Oollege of Obstetricians ereignty over Okinawa. The island, which it also renders untreated water unfit for use and Gynecologists, The American Public had been annexed by Japan in 1874, had been as municipal and industrial sources of sup­ Health Association, The American Medical conquered by the United States in the last ply. It interferes with navigation, destroys Association and the National Parent-Teach­ great battle of World War II. Not wishing to esthetic values and damages aquatic life. ers Association. Father James T. McHugh, acquire a new possession, the United States As a nutrient carrier, sediment promotes director of the Family Life Division of the acknowledged a "residual sovereignty" in algal growths which degrade water quality U.S. Catholic Conference described most of Japan which implied an ultimate return of and accelerate the aging process of lakes and the critics of SIECUS as members of radical the island to Japanese administration. The reservoirs. Dredging requirements and loss right organizations-masquerading under emergence of a Communist China and the of reservoir storage space caused by sedimen­ high sounding names. openlng of the Korean War had made it clear tation costs this nation about $225 million Our children are getting "sex education" that the United States must maintain a pres­ annually, and this does not include the loss every day of their lives whether we like it or ence in the Far East. of topsoil, the severe degradation of water not, and much of the education is the wrong The American liberals who have domi­ quality or the damaging effects of sediment kind. They are being stimulated and titil­ nated U.S. diplomacy since World War II are pollution on fish and wildlife. lated by TV, advertising, radio, records, mounting a propaganda campaign for the Fortunately, we have at hand much of the magazines, billboards and movies. Sex is pre­ early return of Okinawa to Japan. Prof. Ed­ technology we need for the control of sedi­ sented as glamorous, fun-the "in thing." win 0. Reischauer of Harvard, recently ment in our waterways. This conference, Children must be taught early (fifth grade · United States ambassador to Japan, has hopefully, will document exactly what we is not too soon} that sex is not something urged early return of Okinawa in order to know and what we haven't yet learned in people do for kicks--that every sex act car­ preserve our good relations with Japan. Prof. this regard. ries with it a solemn responsibility, not only Roger Hilsman of Columbia, formerly assist­ I trust that your sessions here will bear to the person with whom he is having sexual ant secretary of state for the Far East, has much fruit, and I am grateful to be able to relations, but to one's family and one's com­ taken the same tack. participate with you today. munity. The essential thesis of this liberal position Thank you. The ideal place for sex education is at is this: home. Unfortunately the vast majority of Japan, the world's third largest industrial parents are ill-equipped to do the job be­ power, is joined with us in a vital partner­ cause they are uninformed, and unable to ship to maintain peace in East Asia. SIECUS discuss sex comfortably and objectively with United States de facto sovereignty over their children. I have seen the SIECUS ma­ Okinawa is a thorn to Japanese pride which terial and while I feel that some of it is a should be removed before it poisons our HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE shade too graphic, a great deal of it has alliance. OF MISSOURI merit. As with any new program, Inistakes The limitations on our use of Okinawa IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES will be made, but I firmly believe our chil­ under Japanese sovereignty would have min­ imal effect on our mllitary posture. Tuesday, September 23, 1969 dren need this program. They are bound to profit from it by learning to accept their sex­ This liberal approach to Okinawa sovereign­ Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, I believe uality as a normal, healthy, positive, uplift­ ty follows a pattern of United States di­ Ann Landers' column of September 21, ing force in their lives. plomacy which has attended a steady de- 26752 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 cline of U.S. prestige and influence for 25 United States and increasing prosperity to Japanese military forces assume responsibil­ years. It reflects a hypersensitive concern our major allies. The American people will ity for that base and American forces are about world opinion, an inclination to sac­ not tolerate that kind of alliance policy much withdrawn. rifice alliance effectiveness to superficial har­ longer. President Nixon is called to put our Our Far East policy must produce a con­ mony and an eagerness to soothe tensions diplomatic house in order. cert of power embracing Japan, South Korea. stirred by Soviet diplomacy. Perhaps it evi­ The reality of our time is that the f-ree the Republic of China and the Ph111ppines. dences also a. subconscious liberal revulsion world has a great preponderance of power Japan must make its full contribution to the against the exercise of power and the cor­ over the Communist world. But because the security system. The United States would responding illusion that the use of force is United States has not provided leadership to then be in general support of the front line unnecessary. make that power effective, the relatively defenses of its Asian allies. Prof. Reischauer has added to the cited Communist world has maintained a con­ This kind of alliance policy cannot be position on Okinawa sovereignty a caution tinuing and successful offensive. Okinawa built on the Reischauer diplomacy. It hasn't against the rearmament of Japan. He believes illustrates the problem. been built in 20 years of costly effort. U.S. that pressure to have Japan take over a major For 24 years the United States has paid for leaders must begin to make the hard deci­ military role in its own defense would jeopar­ the security of Japan. The arrangement was sions required to maintain alliance vitality. dize the democratic gains which Japanese necessary at the clooe of World War II, but it They must stop catering to the appeasement society has made. He urges the United States has long been outmoded by increasing Japa­ inclinations of our allied politicians. to continue its security role, operating from nese wealth and power. There can be no President Nixon can start the new diplo­ Okinawa as it now operat es from Japan. excuse today for denying Japan full respon­ macy in negotiations with Japan. We need In this matter, Prof. Reischauer reflects the sibility for its own security. not an isolated decision on Okinawa, but a views of the Japanese government. Japanese Okinawa is a bastion of free world power plan of rational alliance relationships in the leaders know that their last attempt to con­ in the Far East. Because the United States Far East. Diplomacy must be based on the re­ quer Asia left a legacy of hostility in other exercises sovereignty, there is no complica­ quirements of alliance security and not upon free countries. They fear that a restoration tion of foreign interest here as there is in sentiment or political expediency. of Japanese military power would worsen re­ Japan. Our operations do not involve nor The new diplomacy will put greater re­ lationships carefully rebuilt in recent years. compromise the government of Japan. The sponsibility upon allied leaders. Premier In seeking to avoid a military burden in United States can act directly as the occa­ Sato must explain to the Japanese people the free world alliance, Japan is also play­ sion requires. both the benefits and the obligations of the ing the neutralist game. It would like to re­ For example, our forces on Okinawa can alliance. He must demonstrate the necessity cover not only Okinawa but South Sakhalin support South Korea or another Pueblo with­ for Japanese participation in the military and the Kurile Islands seized by the Soviet out exposing Japan to involvement or retalia­ defense of the free world. He must show the Union at the close of World War II. Japan tion. Our foroos in Japan lack that freedom advantage to Japan and the alliance of U.S. would play off the United States against of action. They cannot stock nuclear weap­ sovereignty over Okinawa. until Japan can the Soviet Union and depend for security ons as our forces do in Europe, and their take over the alliance mission of that base. upon the reluctance of both great powers to employment except in defense of Japan is This is the sound framework of Okinawa allow Japan to fall to the other. This is restricted. policy. We show our confidence in Japan by the kind of pleading which was so effective This is to say that there was a valid and adjusting to its early assumption of full part­ with Ambassador Reischauer. vital purpose in retaining sovereignty over nership in the free world alliance. We reject It is an added American policy which Okinawa. It is a purpose which involves not the course of timid adjustment to pressures fosters such pleading. Our leaders have been only Japan but the security of other allies in generated by Soviet intrigue. content to pay for the security of nations the Far East. Our presence is under attack If the Nixon Administration is to be, like its which enjoy all the benefits of freedom while by Soviet diplomacy which would like to use predecessors, the prisoner of Soviet strategy shirking its costs in a. world at war. Japan to oust us from Okinawa. Obviously, in the guise of world opinion, it will produce Japan, like our European allies, is enjoy­ the United States should not relinquish sov­ no sound policy. But if it gives constructive ing the best of all worlds for democratic pol­ ereignty over Okinawa until arrangements are and creative leadership to our free world al­ iticians. When big brother will provide for made for the accomplishment of the island liances, it may yet set a barrier to Commu­ your security and allow you to spend your mission by equal or better means. nist aggression. Okinawa is a good place to budget on public services, that is the best Although Japan is vigorous and prosperous begin the new diplomacy. there is. We can hardly blame Japanese industrially, it is incapable of providing its leaders for reluctance to give up such an own defense. Without U.S. protection, it arrangement. would be no more independent than Cam­ SHE BUILT HER OWN CITY But we can condemn U.S. diplomacy which bodia. There is no present alternative to the prolongs such an arrangement. Our con­ continuation of American operations from quest of Japan in World War II gives us Okinawa. It is incompatible with Japan's HON. DURWARD G. HALL no continuing responsib111ty for its security. obligations to the alliance for it to press the OF MISSOURI We smashed the militarism and restored sovereignty issue at this t!me. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES democratic government, but democratic gov­ There will be a right time for the return ernments must be responsible for their own of Okinawa to Japan. It will come when Tuesday, September 23, 1969 security. Japan has assumed full responsibility for its From this misjudgment of reality, we get own defense and all American forces have Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, Mary Her­ a diplomacy of retreat. The United States been withdrawn from the country. schend is a woman of spirit and deter­ refuses to exercise power which fate and Japan must take its place as a full and mination. A creator and builder, who fortune thrust upon it. Western civilization trusted partner in the defense of free Asia. some years ago came to our beloved disintegrates under the blows of an aggres­ In this r(f}le, in close collaboration with other Ozarks of Missouri to retire, but instead, sive communism while our political leaders free countries, Japan will confirm its com­ used her womanly intuition and charm, strive for a rate of retreat which will be mitment to political freedom. It cannot to create a city. tolerable to the American people. ~chieve that acceptance by avoiding the bur­ Every policy question has varied aspects. den of freedom. Mary, along with her two sons, Peter The art of making sound policy lies in bring­ The preservation of freedom is not a sole and Jack, started with Marvel Cave and ing these aspects into favorable combination responsibility of the United States. It is a turned it into a highly successful en­ for our side. It has seemed in recent years charge to be borne by all the free world work­ terprise. . to be joined in later years by that U.S. policy was being directed by offi­ ing in harmony. The United States bears a the building of "Silver Dollar City." One cials possessing a singular faculty for select­ special obligation of neutralizing the Soviet of the most "fun filled," historic, and ing combinations injurious to our interests. nuclear threat, but our allies bear responsi­ interesting tourist a.ttractions, this side An alUance is a joint undertaking in the bility for their local defense. Surely Japan of the Rocky Mountains. interest of the parties concerned. The propo­ can at least sustain military power compara­ sition that the United States and only the ble with that of Britain, France and Ger­ I have had a personal interest in the United States must sacrifice to maintain al­ many. efforts of this remarkable woman, due liance cooperation is an intellectually imma- It would be inviting disaster for the Nixon to my service as a member of the board ture approach to questions of world power Administration to foster neutralism in Japan. of the National Crafts Foundation, orga­ and interest. It dissipates our credit and Japan has chosen its place in the free world nized by Mary for the purpose of preserv­ interest. Prudent adjustment of an alliance and must bear the burden of that choice. ing as well as providing training, and a to changed conditions must be made with In the light of these realities, it would be year-round market for Ozark craftsmen. due regard to the interests of all the parties irresponsible and imprudent to change the Recently, Mary Kimbrough, women's concerned. treaty status of Okinawa at this time. The editor of the St. Louis Globe Democrat, Congress shows increasing dissatisfaction first goal of Japanese pride should be to with the policies and results of the past two take over its own defense and to release U.S. wrote a most interesting feature story decades. Our forces are sprawled a.cross the forces operating from Japanese territory. about Mary Herschend, and her use of world protecting allies who sometimes show United States policy should welcome this American ingenuity and "know-how." scant concern for their own security. Alli­ development. The restoration of Japanese I therefore will include this article ances have brought mounting debt to the sovereignty over Okinawa could follow when as a part of the RECORD so that others September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26753 may know of the imagination and great sat and looked at the Ozarks and my husband AN OUTSTANDING STATEMENT ON enterprise, shown by this fine citizen and would say, 'Someday, we're going to buy a CONSERVATION OF OUR NATURAL mountain.'" RESOURCES builder of the Missouri Ozarks. I hope As it turned out, they didn't get a moun­ travelers through the Midwest of our tain, they got a cave. United States will tarry a while and see "We had been going back year after year these rebuilders and preservers. Y'all and in 1949 we learned that Marvel Cave HON. CARL ALBERT con1e. was for lease. In five minutes the papers OF OKLAHOMA The article follows : were signed and we had ourselves a cave down IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in the Ozarks. SHE Bun.T HER OwN CITY "I asked my husband, 'Who's going to Tuesday, September 23, 1969 (By Mary Kimbrough) run it?' He said, 'You are.' " On a rustic rise deep in the Ozark wilder­ And so it was decided. He would retain his Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on Sep­ ness stands Mary Herschend's city where own Job until his retirement and she would tember 18 of this year the Honorable every day's a holiday and the birds and cash go down to Branson each summer to manage Clifford Hardin, Secretary of Agriculture, registers make sweet music together. the Cave and, hopefully, make a little money held a listening conference at College Already past the age when most people are for the family treasury from the exploring Station, Tex. At that time Mr. Richard ready to retire and get away from it all, Mrs. tourists. C. Longmire, of Pauls Valley, Okla., in Herschend, slim, bespectacled and young­ "He had always wanted to have some kind my district, a long-time leader in na­ spirited entrepreneur, has discovered the of business there we could operate after he tional and local conservation programs, secret sought by millions of frustrated city retired.'' dwellers-how to create a profitable business But it wasn't to be. Ironically, Hugo Hers­ delivered a statement before the Secre­ enterprise far from the traffic and the smog chend suffered a fatal heart attack and never tary. and the horns blowing at midnight. knew the fantastic future of his Ozark ven­ In my judgment, Mr. Longmire pre­ She did it by leaving her own city behind ture. sented a most effective and outstanding and building herself a new one. The ex-Chi­ Meanwhile, though, his plan that his wife argument against cutting down programs cagoan is head of the family-owned Silver would spend only a short time each summer for the development of our national re­ Dollar City, colorful mecca of vacationers at the new Herschend property had gone sources, and for their preservation and from all over the country. awry. With a 99-year lease on 640 acres of Located on a winding, hilly road just a few Ozark land and with Mrs. Herschend's deter­ improvement to meet the future needs miles from Branson and Hollister in south­ mination to make her husband's dream pay of the American people. It is my desire west Missouri, Silver Dollar City has grown in off, they discovered she was forced to spend at this time to present this statement two decades from a wilderness site with a nearly three quarters of the year down in for the RECORD so that all who are inter­ cave on it into a thriving resort. the wilderness. ested in this most important problem But for all its activity and its reputation She can laugh at herself now, but 20 years will have the advantage of the informa­ as one of the midwest's most popular holiday ago, she confesses, she wept for months in tion contained in Mr. Longmire's state­ spots, Silver Dollar City is not a carnival self-pity. She was not a business woman­ ment. town. Mary Herschend won't permit that. at least, she didn't dream she had a latent She insists that Silver Dollar City be a talent in the commercial world-and her life Mr. Speaker, I include the statement mirror of yesterday, not a tinselled play­ in the Ozarks was primitive and uncom­ delivered by Mr. Longmire: ground. That philosophy-plus a hard look fortable. No water, no telephone, no indoor STATEMENT OF RICHARD C. LONGMmE, PAULS at the business side of the ledger-led to the plumbing. VALLEY, OKLA., AT LISTENING CONFERENCE National Festival of Craftsmen as well as to "And besides," she admitted ruefully, "I OF SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE CLIFFORD the many crafts demonstrations which are was scared to death to go into the cave!" HARDIN, COLLEGE STATION, TEX., SEPTEM­ tourist attractions on the streets of Silver That fear was overcome in a moment every BER 18, 1969 Dollar City. mother will understand. Mr. Secretary: "The ox is in the ditch." Admittedly seeking ways to prolong the "Jack and some friends of his were explor­ Our useable supply of water is diminishing. vacation season past Labor Day, Mrs. Hersch­ ing the cave one day and they didn't come Our soil is eroding. Our streams are polluted. end and her son, Jack, combed the hills for home when I thought they would. I was Our lakes are filling with sediment. We are mountain artisans who could recreate for scared something had happened to them and losing open space and scenic beauty. The 20th century visitors the homespun, primi­ I was scaired to go looking for them. restless population searches for outdoor rec­ tive handcrafts of another era. "Finally, I knew I simply had to go, in reation. Are we getting the ox out of the This year's Festival, opening Oct. 4 and case they were hurt or lost. So I took a fiash­ ditch by reducing funds for watershed plan­ continuing through Oct. 19, will bring to­ Ught and gingerly went into the cave and ning, stopping watershed construction, re­ gether specialists who will demonstrate more called. At last, I saw their light. They w&e ducing ACP cost sharing, stopping Great than 60 different handcrafts essential to all right. Just had lost track of time. Plains contracts, and reducing technical as­ everyday living in the past century. These "That was the end of my fea.r." sistance to landowners? include hog hewing, rope making, woodcarv­ Jack, now 36, and Peter, 34, are associated The many non-agricultural demands on ing, glass blowing, soap making, pottery mak­ with their mother in the cave-grown-into-a­ land are accelerating faster than fOOd de­ ing, basket weaving, wagon making. city. The Herschends' initial business enter­ mands. Here are some of the predictions of One of the craftsmen is Peter Engler whose prise, Marvel Cave, is said to be the third Resources for the Future for the year 2000: woodcarving business, a regular attraction at largest cave in the United states with some Land for recreation-up 300 percent over Silver Dollar City, has become so successful 32 miles o! passages already mapped and a today's level. that he has opened a second Ozark shop at vast Cathedral Room larger than a football Land for homes, schools, factories-up 215 nearby Reeds Spring. field and as tall as a 20-story building. percent. Inside the gates of the warm-spirited little But, as popullllr as this had beoome, the energietic family trio fe1t it was not enough. Land for transportation-up 125 percent. mountain village, other arts and crafts of Land for wildlife refuges-up 133 percent. yesterday are brought to life and passengers Jack was the one who suggested an addi­ tional attraotion be created--and from this Land for reservoirs-up 180 percent. board the Frisco-Silver Dollar Line for train Requirements for wood and water by the excursions through the picturesque country­ was Silver Dollar City born. It opened in 1950 with a blacksmith shop, turn of the century promise further and side behind one of the city's five vintage drastic impacts on land use and planning. If steam locomotives. restaurant, candy shop, general store and stage coach depoit. In 1950 there were three the projected doubled demand for forest Nothing could cheer the heart of Mary employes and a gross payroll of $12,000. products, for example, were to be obtained Herschend more than to see this kind of Tcxlay~d tbis is perhaps the most grati:. at present yield rates, something like 300 tourist attraction in her special town. But fying fact to Mrs. Herschend-200 employees million acres would have to be added to the nothing could have been farther from her are furnished with jobs through the busy existing 484 million acres of commercial for­ thoughts not too many years ago. and the leisurely seasons, and another 125 est lands. She told the story on a recent visit in are there during the summer. There are 45 This is one more indication of the fact St. Louis where she participated in a business buildings on the property and a payroll of that land needs, by the year 2000, will mount discussion in connection with the conven­ more than $1 million. up to a total of far more than our full tion of the National Federation fi)f Business And, as the recreational area grows a.nd a~ land area. We shall have to make a. piece of and Professional Women's Clubs. Mary and Peter and Jack Herschend keep on land serve more than one purpose at the She was living "just the pleasant, average thinking and drr&aming and planning and same time-the multiple-use concept­ life of the suburban housewife" in Evanston, working, Silver Dollar City 1s expected to which accentuates the need for both the Ill., with her husband, Hugo, district man­ grow, too. technology and the political and sociaJ "ar­ ager of the Electrolux Corporation. They had Mrs. Hersohend looked at her wa.tch. She rangements" that will insure the wise selec­ two sons, Peter e.nd Jack. She had a garden, had been in St. Louis for most of t.he day tion and efficient m.anagement of these enjoyed cooking, shopping, occasional visits and it was time to gu. She was ready once resources. with neighbors. again to get away from it all and go back to The growth in population we expect to ex­ Then, in the guise of a vacation trip into the quaint wilderness city that Mary and perience will be at least matched by an in­ the Ozarks, destiny struck. Peter a.nd Jack-yes, and Hugo--Herschend crease in total demand for fresh water. Pros­ "We loved it," she remembered. "We often built. pects are that by 2000: 26754 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 2. ~, 1969

0 Irrigation withdrawals may increase by intensive land treatment in the watershed, to one blllion dollars annually, and where half. furnishing lands, easements and rights of damages from sediment pollution have Municipal water use may double. way for construction and impoundments of reached $87.5 million each year. Here is where Manufacturing use of water may quad­ the flood waters and maintaining the flood new Jobs, new water supplies, new recrea­ ruple. detention structures for the next fifty to one tional facilities, and better living standards Even though severe shortages of emer­ hundred years. are imperative. gency proportions can be postponed and Landowners were not the only ones to There are at least 8,300 watersheds in the probably forestalled altogether, there can recognize the value of such a program. Cities U.S. thait need treatment and development, be no question that the nation is facing the and towns became sponsors of watershed according to the Conservation Needs Inven­ prospect of unlimited demands on its in­ projects in order to take advantage of the tory of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. creasing need for intensive management of opportunity to use the flood detention struc­ The actual number of potential projects is resources-including planning, development, tures to store water for municipal and recre­ probably larger. We are moving far too slowly use, and conservation of the resources. ational purposes. The people in the cities in meeting the need for this work, which in­ Whatever may be added through water de­ voted bonds to pay their share of the costs. cludes both water development features and velopments and cropland additions, the cir­ State governments also saw the small land conservation measures. cumstances call on the United States to watershed program as an opportunity for There is no question that the image of the maintain a productive agriculture and focus helping the general public. U.S. Department of Agriculture is deteriorat­ increasing attention on the development and In these five states millions of dollars have ing. Take, for example, this statement from use of the resources at hand. been appropriated by the state legislatures to a leading national news magazine: To meet the nation's oncoming needs, it assist in developing watershed plans. The "The economy can fairly comfortably toler­ is elementary that we develop and use our plans have been developed, but millions of ate an inflation rate of 2 % yearly, and the present supplies of water and land effi­ dollars worth of plans are gathering dust on Government should aim at that. To do any ciently-to increase production; to re­ shelves because the federal government has better, most economists agree that there must duce waste and mis-use; to hold down costs; once again shoved aside the conservation be far reaching reforms. As an obvious start­ to obtain quality; to provide employment; to program. er, Congress should scrap the farm-subsidy generate wealth (by converting raw materials The current suspension of all construction program, which not only cost taxpayers $5.7 to useable products; to hold government reg­ contracts in the small watershed program billion a year but artificially lnflaite the prices ulation to a necessary minimum, and to re­ poses a grave dilemma for the sponsors of of cotton, wheat, corn, soybeans and rice. The duce dependence on outside sources. these projects. subsidies also help drive up the price of farm This year we spent billions investigating Since 1965, funds for watershed construc­ land, adding another push to the price of outer space and only a few million for the tion have been steadily declining until we produce ..." improvement of our environment here in have now reached the very bottom. The sus­ This and other half-truths create mistrust this nation. And this has been the case for pension of contracting is working the sever­ among the people of the nation. Today, there the thirty years that I have been a super­ est hardship possible on watershed sponsors. is an opportunity for the U.S.D.A. to regain visor of a soil and water conservation dis­ The watersheds that are ready for construc­ the confidence of the people. Today there is trict. Year after year the conservation pro­ tion, for the most part, have been involved an opportunity for the Department to create gram has been shoved aside to make room in an active workshed program for ten to a better environment for all the people. and money available for new programs-new fifteen years. During this period of time the Today might be the last opportunity for programs which seldom stand the test o:f sponsors and the local people have spent the U.S.D.A. to plan and develop our natural time and last no longer than the next ad­ countless hours at watershed meetings, work­ resources for the future requirements of a ministration. ing with landowners, with municipalities, growing national appetite for resource ma­ As citizens of this great country, we be­ city and state governments. terial. lieve that we are entitled to at least a chance Millions of dollars of non-federal money Today ls the time to get the ox out of the to conserve and develop our natural re­ has been spent with the expectation that ditch! sources. the watershed projects already planned would Those of us interested in conservation be­ be constructed. Local people have contacted lieve that a quality environment for each hundreds of landowners to secure land ea.se­ A RARE COLLECTION OF CAPITOL individual in this country cannot become men ts and rights of way and because of the MEMORABILIA a reality until we have quality and conti­ lack of construction funds and the suspen­ nuity in a conservation program. Individual sion of contracting, many of these easements landowners, large and small alike, have been are now expiring. The expiration of ease­ puzzled by the stop and go directions com­ ments will involve not only added time and HON. FRED SCHWENGEL ing out of the nation's capitol over the past expense by local sponsors to secure new OF IOWA twenty years dealing with conservation. easements, but will undoubtedly further IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There have been 427 soil and water con­ erode the confidence of the sponsors and servation districts formed by local people local people in the U.S. Department of Agri­ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 in the five states represented here today. The culture. Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, on people in the districts have been led to be­ An additional contributing factor to the September 22 the U.S. Capitol Historical lieve that they can get assistance on their present dilemma is the mrutter of continuing conservation problems because the districts to secure sta.tfl funds in support of the water­ Society opened to the public an exhibit have memorandums of understanding with shed program. It is becoming increasingly in the Rayburn Building of prints from the U.S. Departmenrt of Agriculture and these more difficult, and in some cases impossible, the Kiplinger and Columbia Historical memorandums state that the U.S.D.A., to convince state legislatures that continued Society collections reconstructing Wash­ through the Soll Conservation Service, will state support for watershed activities is a ington's early history and the history of furnish needed technical assistance to the wise investment. These parties have begun to the U.S. Capitol. Because this rare col­ districts to help landowners put their con­ relate the lack of construction to the raite of lection of Capitol memorabilia may never servation plans in effect. We believe that this watershed planning. again be so assembled, and because of is an obligation that our federal govern­ If state support for watershed activities is ment has to the people and must honor. Not to continue there must be a corresponding the special interest that it holds for many only ls our land eroding away, but our con­ support by the Federal Government for of the Members of this legislative body, fidence in the government's ability to pre­ watershed construction. I want to take this opportunity to de­ pare and maintain a suitable conservation If the support by the Federal Government scribe it in more detail. program ls eroding. of the small watershed program continues to Until the 1850's, when photography About twenty years ago, construction decline, we run the risk that local interest and other printing processes became started on the authorized watershed proj­ will further decline, that valuable reservoir prominent, lithography, etching, and en­ ects of the Trinity River and Middle Colo­ sites will become unavailable, and that graving were the only ways to produce rado River in Texas and the Washita. River needed improvements and benefits will be in Oklahoma. too long delayed. large numbers of pictures. Pictures before Th.ls concept of total conservation and Mr. Secretary, it is not necessary that I this time were made by hand on copper, development within a watershed proved to be cite figures to show the great backlog of steel, and stone, then transferred to highly effective and had widespread accept­ watershed applications which have been sub­ paper. Consequently, the newl.v opened ance by the people, both rural and urban. mitted by the local people for assistance. exhibit represents a vanishing art that In 1954, Public Law 566 was passed. This law This information is available in your own de­ for many years was an importaut means set the stage for the small watershed de­ partment files of the Soil Conservation of recording America's history. velopment on areas outside of the authorized Service. In addition, the exhibit is focused on projects. The backlog of unserviced applications is No other federal program of any type has mounting, and the federal funds available the 176-year-old Capitol, truly a symbol been received with more enthusiasm than per project are declining. Yet the demand for of freed om and liberty to all mankind. the small watershed program. This is borne upstream watershed protection, conservation, No other building has a documented out by the fact that the local people were and development continues to grow across iconography of its own so extensive as wllling to assume an obligation of doing America. Here is where flood damages amount that of the Capitol. And no other build- September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26755 ing in America can be so closely linked alter basically the rights and responsibilities That, of course, is what the controller to the growth and progress of the Nation. of the citizens in the matter of gun owner­ wants to forget as he makes the split-second ship. It seems to mean that where existing judgments involved in getting as many as a The exhibit features an 1818 water authority falls in the task of administering dozen planes safely into the air or on the color of Blodgett's Hotel, meeting place existing laws, police state controls will be ground with their precious cargoes of human of the 13th Congress after the British imposed to cover up failure. life. burned Washington and the Capitol in There are laws dealing with crime and In fact, F. Lee Bailey, general counsel for 1814; an original water color by W. H. criminals. These laws should be strengthened the Professional Air Traffic Controllers, has Bartlett which became the basis for early and enforced. As "The American Rifleman" pictured controllers as being so obsessed reproductions of the low-domed Capitol; points out editorially: "While the anti-gun with the fear of killing someone that they scenes of the early House and Senate element chased after guns in the empty dope themselves With tranquilizers while Chambers from a variety of colorful name of crime control, lawbreakers scrambled others suffer from depression, ulcers and after loot and preyed on decent citizens with tension which makes them prime candidates prints; even the latest of Capitol changes increasing success and little fear of punish­ for heart attacks. are shown in drawings of the east front ment. From 1961 through 1966 ... crime The FAA disputes this. It says that while extension. increased 61 per cent while the number of controllers work under pressure, so do a lot Held to coincide with the seventh an­ criminals in jail decreased almost 10 per of other professionals. nual meeting of the U.S. Capitol Histori­ cent . . . More and more Americans appear It also says they are well paid for under­ cal Society on September 23, 1969, the to be accepting the clear logic of punishing going this pressure--a top base pay of $20,- exhibit is open to the public, and is criminals, not guns. Yet on virtually every 555 a year, plus about 10 per cent for Sunday test vote on this policy, in Congress or in work, overtime and holiday double time. located in the Rayburn House Office State Legislatures, the litwmakers who call "I SOMETIMES TAKE IT OUT ON MY WIFE" Building, adjacent to room 2167. It will loudest for gun control usually have voted be there through September 26, and can against mandatory penalty bills." The average controller, out of a combi­ be seen between the hours of 9 a.m. and The rising crime problem will never be nation of pride and dedication, would not 5p.m. cured by punishing the innocent through describe the pressures on him in quite the oppressive and confiscatory gun control laws. dramatic terms used by Bailey. But he In conclusion, as president of the U.S. doesn't hesitate to score the FAA for using Capitol Historical Society, I would like outdated equipment and for asking control­ to publicly thank Austin Kiplinger, the lers to handle more and more air traffic. members of his staff, as well as the Co­ As in most complicated situations, the lumbia Hjstorical Society and its staff, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS: THEY truth obviously lies somewhere between the for making valued prints from their out­ LIVE WITH TENSION two extremes. But the airline passenger has standing collections available for our use. a right to know where this point is because I want especially to acknowledge the it is his safety which is involved. HON. JOHN E. MOSS Money is one problem. Sen. James B. Pear­ efforts of Miss Josephine Cobb of the OF CALIFORNIA son, R-Kan., said recently that "a graph of National Archives; Mrs. Charles Tur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES federal funding for airways facilities and geon, John Hazard, and Gwen Fitzpat­ equipment over the past two decades looks rick of Kiplingers, and Miss Mary Organ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 like a jagged mountain range. Each peak in of the U.S. Capitol Historical Society. Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, Howard this range is in most cases the result of a They all put forth a supreme effort that Fields of United Press International re­ tragic and dramatic air accident." I am sure will be appreciated by those of What he meant was that Congressional cently wrote an excellent article on the interest in air safety rises whenever there you who visit the exhibit. A special overworked air traffic controllers in our ls a disaster. thanks, too, is extended to an Alexandria Nation's airports. His story illustrates Part of the present squeeze also stemmed firm, Design & Productions, who donated the need for more congressional interest from miscalculation. all display facilities for the occasion in air safety. Gen. William F. McKee, FAA administra­ without charge. I hope that each Member will take the tor from 1965 until this year, explained: "At one time it appeared we had enough control­ time to read Mr. Fields' story. The ar­ lers and that projections would show us to ticle follows: have enough. But the growth of aviation far PUNISHING THE INNOCENT Am TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS: THEY LIVE WITH exceeded our expectations." TENSION From 1967 to 1968 alone, there was an 11 (By Howard Fields) per cent increase in over-all air traffic. The HON. JOHN M. ZWACH WASHINGTON.-Your airliner is flying into number of takeoffs and landings in the OF MINNESOTA one of the nation's busiest airports. You have United States is expected to increase from complete faith in your pilot or you wouldn't 35.6 m1llion in 1965 to 184.6 mill1on in 1980. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES be flying. The number of airline passengers is expected Tuesday, September 23, 1969 But how does your pilot, with all his train­ to quadruple. ing and ability, know that a plane won't take Sophisticated new equipment now is com­ Mr. ZW ACH. Mr. Speaker, gun legis­ off in front of him just as he's going to land? ing into service and more controllers are lation has generated more individual How does he know that another plane isn't being hired. But both require at least a two­ letters, and more editorials in our Min­ going to cross his path as he lands, or even to-three-year lead time. Meanwhile, the con­ nesota Sixth Congressional District, than try to land at the same time? trollers say the FAA is not moving fast all but two other subjects, the conftict He doesn't know. A few miles from the air­ enough. To which the FAA replies: "We're in Vietnam and low farm prices. port the pilot has turned the responsibility doing the best we can with the funds we're for your life, his life and the lives of your given." As an example of this continuing dia­ fellow passengers over to an air traffic con­ The airport traffic controller stands in log, with your permission, I would like to troller. a tower, usually above the airline terminal, insert in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD at Although the pilot retains manual control overlooking the runway system. Around him this time, an editorial from the Pierz of the plane, the controller decides which a.re various radio speakers, each with its Journal on this subject. runway the plane will land on, where it own radio frequency and purpose. In front I believe every Member of Congress stands in the sequence of planes scheduled of him is what looks like the wooden letter can benefit by reading thls editorial. to land and how he wants the pilot to holders used by scrabble players. They con­ proceed. tain information on planes ready to take PUNISHING THE INNOCENT At a major airport, a controller will handle off and those ready to land, in the order they Is the day approaching when we will be nearly 100 planes taking off or landing dur­ are lined up. governed by the decisions of panels of ex­ ing the busiest hour of the day, usually be­ At 5 p.m. on a weekday at Washington Na­ perts rather than laws? With increasing fre­ tween 5 and 6 p.m. In that hour he may tional airport, the control tower conversa­ quency, boards and commissions made up of have responsibility for about 5,000 lives. tion goes like this, all in rapid-fire style supposed "experts" are issuing wllat amount Ray Belanger, who came up through the without a moment's pause between the con­ to edicts involving everything from prescrip­ ranks from controller to chief of the evalua­ troller's orders and pilot's response. tion drugs to gun controls. For example, the tion staff of the Federal A via tlon Adminis- "Northwest 367 (on the ground) can y~u National Commission on the Ca.uses and Pre­ tratlon (FAA), described the responsibility get to the runway?" "Right." "Cessna 115 vention of Violence has concluded that the this way: land two-one." "Okay, understand two-one best way to control crime ls to take hand­ "There's n.othing like it. He's in the posi­ now." "Northwest 367 taxi into position and guns away from milUons of law-a.biding tion where he's making literally hundreds hold." "367." citizens. There is little doubt but that the of decisions per hour, any one of which, if he "Yeh, American 488 ready for takeoff." Commission's report will be used as a basis made a mistake, could kill a couple hundred "Alnerlcan 488 roger expect release not be­ for legislative proposals that if enacted would people." fore 46." "Okay." "Washington tower, King- OXV--1686-Part 20 26756 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 air number one-five-ah-zero inbound from One midafternoon, and not a particularly LET US SAVE THE EVERGLADES­ Beltway on the river." "King-air one-five­ busy one, a controller raised up from his po­ ONCE AND FOR ALL zero Washington tower one-three." "Roger." sition over the scope, leaned back in his "Cessna 115, cleared to land." "Roger." chair and took a deep breath of exhaustion. It sounds like gibberish to the untrained "I just want to sit back and cry," he said HON. ABNER J. MIKVA ear but the controller understands it and to a fellow controller. OF ILLINOIS replies: "Boundary American 633." Then The other controller was philosophical. comes a gush of garble from a fast-talking "You just have to do the best you can," IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pilot. "No copy zero-seven Delta, that's he said. "That's what it boils down to.'' Tuesday, September 23, 1969 through. American 633 conta-0t departure This was at Washington National Airport, control.'' "Getcha.'' "Eastern Airlines one­ considered the showcase of the nation's air Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, one of the niner-seven reporting outer marker." "East­ traffic system. National has 77 air traffic con­ measures of public concern over the con­ ern 197 Washington tower cleared to land.'' trollers. O'Hare International Airport at Chi­ tamination and destruction of our nat­ "Eastern 197 cleared to land." cago, often described as the "world's ural resources is the furor over a pro­ And so it goes. busiest airport," has only 44. posed jetport to be placed in dangerous The controller uses no commas and no Natlonal even has a 45-minute rotation system for controllers. Most airports force proximity to the Florida Everglades. In periods. All unnecessary speech is avoided. that case we saw what hopefully will be Somehow the controller sifts out the incom­ their controllers to sit for hours on end ing traffic and the pilots know which orders performing the same tedious job. Controllers only the first example of an aroused are for them. During the hour this controller at many of the major airports work six-day public's reaction to proposed destruc­ handled 95 takeoffs and landings with 15 weeks because of a shortage of qualified con­ tion of an irreplaceable natural resource minutes relief. That's average for National trollers. for commercial reasons. airport. Adding to current problems are scheduled Recently Secretaries Hickle and Volpe During the same hour over New York departures of airliners on the half-hour or the hour and the desire of too many travelers have announced what appears to be a there probably were more than 35 airliners Federal policy against building of the stacked in a landing pattern for John F. to travel at the peak hours. In a recent sur­ Kennedy International, more than 25 over vey at New York's JFK, 39 airliners were proposed commercial jetport. This an­ LaGuardia and another 15 over Newark. scheduled to depart between 8: 45 and 9 : 30 nouncement, combined with Florida There were 80 craft on the ground at those a .m. Thirteen were scheduled to leave at Gov. Claude Kirk's opposition to the three airports waiting for takeoff and 200 9 a.m. and 12 at 9 :30. jetport, would seem to spell the end of to 300 private planes were moving about in Then, too, planes are getting bigger. Boeing the ill-conceived plan. Last week, how­ the air space involved. 707s carry about 165 persons. In December, ever, the Department of the Interior re­ All the inform.ation the controller is re­ Pan American Airways will begin flying the Boeing 747 with about 365 persons aboard. leased a report which showed that even laying is in his head and all his judgments a training airport at the site of the for­ are based on his mental picture of the traf­ Later, Eastern airlines will carry 495 persons fic situation. There's no time to write any­ on its 747 flights between New York and San merly proposed jetport would pose a thing down, no time to argue. Juan, P.R. threat to the Everglades. That's what prompted F. Lee Bailey to A MISCALCULATION LED TO CONTROLLER SQUEEZE Now the administration has an oppor­ tell the aviation subcommittee of the Sen­ In the 1970's will come the supersonic tunity to end-once and for all-the con­ ate Commerce Committee of what he called transport (SST) , some of which will carry troversy about possible adverse ecological exhausted controllers "whose every moment up to 700 persons. efiects of an airport near the Everglade.s. is laden with the ominous knowledge that The controllers are taught to think of Part of the urgency with which the a slip of the tongue, of memory, or of judg­ planes as objects to be maneuvered, not American public regards the Everglades ment could bring hundreds of citizens to as ships carrying hundreds of persons. The issue was evidenced in a letter recently midair collision and death." controller will tell you, however, that try Bailey's testimony cam.e June 25, within as he might, he can never completely ignore sent to the editor of the Chicago Sun­ a week after a concerted action by the or­ the human factor. Times by Mr. Raymond Mostek, presi­ ganized controllers to report sick rather than Jack Maher, national coordinator for the dent of the Illinois Audobon Society. I work. The result was a massive air traffic organized controllers, sums up their com­ insert the letter at this point in the jam that caused hours of delays and threat­ plaints against the FAA: RECORD in h opes that it will spur to ened to close some airports. "Last yea.r we said the equipment wa.s action those members of the administra­ Bailey said the sickcall was a plea for help obsolete, that the facilities were danger­ tion who are c:mcerned with putting "before we kill through a midair collision." ously or critically understaffed, that the finally to rest all doubt about the future He said 30 to 40 per cent of the staffs at initial training and the proficiency train­ congested traffic centers would have to be ing was completely inadequate, that the of the Everglades. furloughed if the controllers honestly re­ controllers were generally unable to con­ The letter referred to follows: ported their mental states. trol the traffic, that corners have been cut. SAVE EVERGLADES PARK Air controllers interviewed by UPI gen­ "The establishment hasn't admitted to (By Raymond Mostek) erally agreed that Bailey was being over­ all of those, but they have testified this year that the equipment is obsolete, that The Aug. 8 article by Evans-Novak "Jet­ dramatic. However, they also agreed the port or Park-Nixon must rule" on the threat !Pressure is there and that they feel the there is a critical shortage Of personnel. Now the other things they haven't admitted of a jetport to t he famed Everglades Na­ effects. tional Park near Miami was a particularly "Sure, there are pressures," said one con­ to yet, but I think if we can keep it up they'll admit to that, too." timely one. Conservationists all over the troller with eight years experience. "I some­ country are gravely concerned over the pre­ times leave here and I go home and take it Some FAA officials have charged that these activities are geared to win union member­ carious future of this park. out on my wife. The least little thing she Established only in 1947, and the third says is gonna drive me up the wall." ship in a power play with the professional air traffic controllers (Associmpatco) and the largest park in the system, it is incredible But another said, "my work here never that a park so huge-a land and water affects my home life It's frustrating at times. National Association of Government Em­ ployes. Patco is now the largest. area of 1,919 square miles-could be threat­ I had a complaint about the radio equip­ ened by the bungling hand of man. It is ment before and was told to grit my teeth Belanger says Patco misrepresents what is being done about the problem. "The point the only sub-tropical national park within and hang in. I have not noticed any nervous­ the continental Unite'i States. ness." they don't make is that we are doing some­ thing about it, too." The FAA is in the proc­ For 20 years, the U.S. Department of the A third controller, who quit two years ago Interior has been trying to persuade the and came back, said, "I get on my days off ess of hiring 2,800 controllers and is asking authorization to hire 2,200 more. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to guarantee and just don't even think about the thing. an adequate water supply for the park. The But there are nights when you come out FAA Administrator John H. Shaffer says the agency already has plans in the works Army engineers have failed to co-operate. and feel kinda wa.shed out, like a wet dish­ Congress has been unable to fund the rag. And at times, I've had the shakes." that will see a fully automated system in the next decade. The pilot may not even $12,000,000 needed to purchase some 74,000 DOING THE BEST WE CAN, SAYS THE FAA have to land the plane and the controllers acres of private in-holdings which present Below the control tower "CAB" with its will just have to monitor the machines doing a serious problem in park management. broad windows is the darkened IFR room their work. Because of the $28 b1111ons spent annually (instrument flight rules) where controllers W111iam M. Flener, director of the FAA's for the Vietnam war, there has been a fed­ never even glimpse the planes they are guid­ air traffic service, said the agency is trying eral fiscal cutback, and construction funds ing, depending entirely on radar and radio. to take the pressure oft' the controllers. But to provide for adequate water flow to the The IFR room handles the plane on the final to do it, he said, "takes money and it takes Everglades National Park have been elimi­ leg of its flight until the tower takes over people and it takes equipment and that's nated by this curious Congress. for the actual landing. what we're asking for." The proposed jet-port for Miami would September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26757 seriously endanger thP. Everglades Park as Del Valle High School principal Calvin ciation, the National Electronic Distrib­ we know it. This great "sea of grass" would Evans, librarians Marie Sneed and Patricia utors Association, the National Whole­ suffer from air pollution and noise pollu­ Dykes, members of the faculty and staff, as sale Furniture Association, the Food tion. Acres of runways will be covered with well as Second Lieutenant Darryl H . Mc­ oil and gasoline-polluted waters which will Guire, book drive project officer, will attend. Service Equipment Industry, and the Na­ eventually drain into the park. tional Association of Sporting Goods Soon, agricultural pesticides will com­ Wholesalers. The action was in the form pound the problem, and the park will be GOVERNMENT INVASION OF LOCAL of a complaint filed by legal counsel, Har­ lost as an ecological treasure. Hopefully, the PROCUREMENT STOPPED BY old T. Halfpenny, of the Chicago law people of the United States and an increas­ SMALL BUSINESS firm, Halfpenny, Hahn & Ryan, who •ng number of enlightened members of Con­ asked for a declaratory judgment and in­ gress will act in time to prevent this catas­ junction against the plan. I am pleased to trophe. Bureaucratic bungling and corporate HON. JOHN C. KLUCZYNSKI announce to the House that the admin­ violence can be ended in this land, if we OF ILLINOIS can insist upon wiser environmental plan­ istration, through the U.S. assistant dis­ ning. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES trict attorney in Chicago, John Simon, We trust that President Nixon will rise Tuesday, September 23, 1969 stated that the Government will not im­ above the mediocre record he compiled in plement such a program. He advised the conservation while a member of Congress. Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, I court: wish to call to the attention of my col­ Perhaps he may rise to greatness on this The General Services Administration and urgent ecological issue. leagues, an action that took place last the Bureau of the Budget, whom we repre­ Friday in the Federal District Court for sent, have informed us that they are not Northern Illinois, Eastern Division. The presently implementing a program whereby district I have the honor to represent is they would engage in the purchase of goods BERGSTROM AIDS SCHOOL in this court's jurisdiction. for state and local governments. The Regula­ Many of you are well aware that the tions recently issued by the Bureau of the General Services Administration had Budget do not include a provision for such a HON. J. J. PICKLE planned to take over procurement for program. The Government will not imple­ OF TEXAS ment such a program under existing legisla­ all States, cities, counties, school dis­ tion. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tricts and other divisions of local gov­ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 ernment. This plan had been announced On the filing of this response to the by the administrator, Robert Kunzjg be­ complaint, counsel for the wholesalers, Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the men fore the Federation of Rocky Mountain Mr. Halfpenny, moved for the voluntary of the 75th Tactical Reconnaissance States last May. The beginning was to dismissal of the case. The presiding ju­ Wing at Bergstrom Air Force Base are have been a pilot program in the State rist, Chief Judge William C. Campbell to be commended-they have proven of New Mexico. Next it would have been then dismissed the case without preju­ again that the Air Force does live up extended to the other Rocky Mountain dice. This ends, I hope, the greatest to civic responsibility, and the Air Force States, and then to the entire Nation. threat to the small businessman in all does take care of its own. Under it, the already mammoth procure­ my years in Congress. The elementary school children of ment operations of the GSA would do One of my greatest sources of satisfac­ Bergstrom attend Del Valle School in the purchasing for every tax supported tion has been the service assigned to me Austin. The crush of Air Force depend­ entity in the Nation. Think of the tre­ on the Select Committee on Small Busi­ ents has created some problems and Del mendous power such an agency would ness. It is inconceivable to me that an Valle has received Federal funds as an wield. administration that proclaims its inter­ impacted school area. The GSA used as the legal crutch for est in private enterprise would, without But Bergstrom has expressed appreci­ this move, the Intergovernmental Coop­ legislative authority, propose that the ation in many ways through the years. eration Act of 1969. Now this act gives Federal Government supplant the thou­ The most recent example: Brig. Gen. the various agencies of the Federal Gov­ sands of suppliers who serve our States, James Cross and Col. Howard Tanner ernment authority to extend "specialized cities, counties, and school districts. I presented over 1,000 books to the Del and technical services," and then pro­ know the disruptions it would cause in Valle School-the result of a book drive ceeds to define such services to mean my city of Chicago. I know the contribu­ at Bergstrom. Jack Brock, Del Valle su­ "statistical and other studies and com­ tion these businesses make to the well perintendent, accepted the hard-bound pilations, development projects, technical being of the city and the State of Illi­ books which were collected in a month­ tests, and evaluations, training activities, nois by providing jobs and paying taxes. long drive. The drive was conducted by survey reports, documents, and other I know of no taxes the Federal Govern­ the Bergstrom Sub-Teen Club. similar service functions.'' ment pays to the city of Chicago or the Also, a large quantity of books was We Members of Congress who passed State. donated by Kelly Air Force Base in San that act did not see "procurement" in the Mr. Speaker, I include in the RECORD Antonio. bill because it was not there. We did not an article from Chicago Today, dated Mr. Speaker, I offer my congratula­ see "purchasing" because it was not August 10, 1969, entitled "Economy's tions to the men and families stationed there. Yet the GSA had already launched Fine, But At Whose Expense?": at Bergstrom-they are a credit to the a pilot program for this far-reaching ac­ Air Force. ECONOMY'S FINE BUT AT WHOSE EXPENSE? tion before it came to public light. When the federal government hatched a. I include a newspaper article on the Many small business groups protested plan last year to save some money, it thought presentation of the books at this point the action. They were able to perceive everybody would be tickled pink. in the RECORD: that no small business would be able to But, color the Association Equipment Dis­ THE 75TH WING GIVES BOOKS TO SCHOOL bid on vast national contracts of a scale tributors of Oak Brook angry red. Brig. Gen. James U. Cross and Col. Howard far beyond their resources. They also The A.E.D. and other groups claim the Tanner commander and vLce commander re­ knew that the GSA planned to supplant plan will "result in serious losses to income­ spectiv~ly of the 75th Tactical Reconnais­ them in providing goods and commodi­ and employment to small and local busi­ sance Wing, will present over 1,000 books to nesses." the Del Valle School Wednesday as the re­ ties to States and localities. We heard The plan proposes that the federal govern­ sult of a book drive at Bergstrom Air Force from these businessmen, and so did the ment handle most wholesale purchases for­ Base. administration that concocted this state government and their political subdi­ Jack G. Brock, Del Valle superintendent, thrust against the American private en­ visions, which sounds harmless enough. will aocept the books in an assembly at the terprise system. States would save up to 35 per cent over­ school auditorium at 11 a.m. One business group sought the judicial what they are now paying for office supplies, The hardbound books were donated by route. The National Association of equipment, and other items because the­ Bergstrom personnel in a month long drive Wholesalers, which is headquartered federal government, buying for several states which culminated in a base-wide canvass at one time, could purchase larger quantities conducted by the Bergstrom Sub-Teen Club. here in Washington, joined by five other and get better discounts, according to the A large quantity of books were donated wholesale associations located in my city plan. by Kelly Air Force Base, San Antonio. Still of Chicago, brought suit in the Federal But there's a snag. others were garnered by use of containers district court. Those associations were "Since the federal government usually pur­ placed at selected locations across the base. the Automotive Service Industry Asso- chases directly from large manufacturers~ 26758 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 the plan would mean small manufacturers firing out news releases and coaxing con­ and local business would lose a major portion gressmen into their camp. No of their local government business." Sen. Frank E. Moss (D., Utah), on the side Yes No opinion That's the opinion of Stanley D. Means, of the small manufacturers, said: director of A.E.D. and a few other association "For the GSA to assume the purchasing Should the President be prohibited spokesmen. duties of the various states and other gov­ from sending troops into combat (except to repel armed attack or The plan is part of public law 90-577, ernmental bodies, would have a disastrous protect U.S. lives and property) known as the intergovernmental cooperation effect on thousands of small business men unless Congress gives specific act of 1968. throughout the nation," the Sena.tor approval?__ _------17, 503 4, 747 997 Its designers said it would strengthen state declared. and federal working relationships, especially NOTES in federal grant-in-aid programs. THE 20TH DISTRICT CONSTITUENT In general, which of these basic approaches to Vietnam do Sections 301 and 302 of title 3 [it has 9 you favor? sections] tell the services the federal govern­ SURVEY 9,901 : Pour it on; that is, mount attack against North Vietnam ment can petition for the state or local by all means short of nuclear weapons. governments. The plan is under test so far in only one HON. PAUL FINDLEY 10,811: Pull out; that is, begin gradual but steady withdrawal of U.S. troops, leave defense of South Vietnam to South Viet­ state, New Mexico, but the A.E.D. and other OF ll.LINOIS namese army. groups, like the National Association of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wholesalers, fear it will spread. 1,536: Continue present policies. Their fears are far from groundless. Tuesday, September 23, 1969 A spokesman for the federal agency han­ Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, I have PRIORITIES dling the project, the general services ad­ CHECK THE TWO YOU CONSIDER TO BE MOST ministration, claimed the joint purchasing recently conducted a survey of public opinion among the residents of Illinois IMPORTANT IN EACH AREA concept would become nationwide shortly Foreign policy after the New Mexico experiment, according 20th Congressional District on important ABM (antimissile) defense system __ _ 6,642 to the A.E.D. national and international issues. Over Peace in Vietnam ______Illinois is not even close to a cooperative 16,918 23,000 citizens took the time to write to Peace in Middle East ______5, 102 purchasing agreement with tl::.e federal gov­ me and inform me of their views. These ernment, according to Thomas Blanco, the Strengthen NATO------­ 3, 114 people have direetly participated in the Discuss arms control agreement with state's chief purchasing agent. processes of their Government, and I am Soviet Union ______4,665 "They [the federal government] wlll have Population explosion ______2,414 to prove to me how they could save me grateful to them for doing so. This opinion survey is highly signifi­ Space exploration ______748 money," he said, "and most progressive states Isolation of Cuba ______2,020 take a dim view of the plan. In fact, we cant both because of the large number Improve i;elations with China______2,550 can get better prices than the federal govern­ of people responding to it and for the ment in some cases," he said. choices selected. by them. Consequently, Domestic policy Illinois has used centralized buying for I would like to share these results with Pollution ------­ 5,337 more than 20 yea.rs, in which all purchases my colleagues in the House and with the Education ------­ 4,942 are ma.de thru one office for all state offices, public at large. Because, in most cases, :Housing ------­ 1,446 except for universities and elected officials. Local crime------­ 11, 651 In the last session of the legislature, responses were a family project, the sur­ Fa.rm prices------­ 4,298 Blanco pointed out, a bill was passed allow­ vey reflects the views of at least 50,000 Civll rights------2,018 ing any unit of government to get into a people. Urban blight ______684 contract with the state. From the survey, certain important Rural pove~tY------­ 1,561 It means a small town can buy highway conclusions can be drawn. For instance, Infiation ------12,554 salt thru the state, or a group of school dis­ there appears to be widespread support tricts can team up to buy buses or office for electoral reform and for a limitation equipment in contra.ct with the state's pur­ on agricultural program payments. PRESIDENT NIXON AND THE chasing department. DRAFT Gov. David Cargo of New Mexico signed an The survey also reveals a basic shift agreement last June with the general services on Vietnam policy during the past year. administration allowing the federal agency F'or the first time more of my constitu­ to purchase everything from paper clips to ents seem to prefer to "pull out" rather HON. LESLIE C. ARENDS complex machinery needed by state and local than "pour it on." There also appears to OF ILLINOIS governments. be widespread pessimism over prospects IN T:HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES New Mexico's state purchasing agent, Paul Becht, said the program would provide the of peace resulting from the Paris talks. Tuesday, September 23, 1969 state with iall types of merchandise a.t sav­ In addition, while peace in Vietnam is the primary foreign policy concern of Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, all of us ings up to 1.5 million dollars a year for his long for the day when the draft law is office alone. most residents of Illinois 20th District, Added savings would come if municipali­ inflation and local crime clearly cause no longer on the statute books. No law ties, counties, boards of education and state the greatest concern on the domestic is more repugnant to our American way universities joined in the program, Becht front. of life. It was enacted out of necessity: said. These are the results of the 1969 opin­ to provide the military manpower re­ One question raised by the manufacturers ion survey: quired for our country's security. Unfor­ group is "Is it legal?" tunately, that necessity continues. The association claims that one section of While existing law does not expire un­ the federal legislation, covering "specialized No til or technical services,'' says nothing about Yes No opinion July 1, 1971, we do not have to wait procurement or purchasing. until 1971 to change it. In seeking to According to the A.E.D., the services in· Should the $600-per-person income meet our military manpower needs, our clude statistical studies, development proj­ tax exemption be increased to objective must always be that they be $1,000?______·-· -- - 21, 496 1, 766 375 ects, technical tests, training surveys and Should social security benefits met with a minimum of impact on indi­ other projects which the federal government (now $54 minimum) be in- vidual lives. can perform for the states. creased even if this means an increase in social security taxes? __ 13, 162 8. 716 1, 291 On May 13 President Nixon sent a In March, however, the bureau of the special message to Congress dealing with budget expressed other ideas. Should voting be permitted at age 18L·--·------· 9,302 12, 675 699 the draft. I introduced the bill to carry The budget bureau believes the federal Should present price-support government can provide procurement, along programs for agricultural com- out his recommendations. It has been modities be continued? ______8, 094 10, 042 3, 782 pending with our Armed Services Com­ with communications, personnel, informa­ Do you favor an annual $20,000 tion and data. processing, the A.E.D. said. I imitation on the total Govern- mittee but to date no action ha-s been A spokesman for general services in Wash­ ment payments any farmer can taken on it. ington told Chica.go Today that some Wash­ get under the various programs? __ 18, 093 3,330 2,321 Should the electoral college be The President proposed in his mes­ ington officials a.re unsure 1! the plan has the abolished and the President sage that instead of taking the oldest authority to in.elude purchasing. elected solely by the direct vote group-25-26 year olds-first, the young­ The debate goes on. of the people? ______18, 778 3, 374 901 Meanwhile, a few associa.tions--<>ut to pro­ Do you believe the Paris peace est group-18-19 year olds--be taken talks will result in a satis- :first. As matters now stand, the older a tect their members from the economy­ factory settlement of the minded federal government--have begun Vietnam war? ______2,639 17, 251 2, 534 young man becomes, up to the age of September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26759 26, the more vulnerable he becomes to in­ STUART-TREMONT CORNER HONORS HERO cotics and drug abuse by young people. duction. If the youngest are taken first, POLICEMAN While a great deal of rhetoric has been as the President proposed, it would mean (By Mary Tierney) exchanged, less constructive action de­ that a young man would know, early in The normally busy Stuart and Tremont signed to ease the problem is often the his career, whether or not he is likely to street intersection was quiet yesterday after­ case. The Centinela Valley Union High be called upon for military service. He noon as Boston Police officers paid tribute to School District in cooperation with the a fallen brother, Patrolman Francis B. can thus better plan his life. "Bucky" Johnson. city of Hawthorne, Calif., however, has Under existing law the President has Veteran uniformed traffic officers who are taken the initiative and launched the the authority to make this change in seen daily in their traffic posts gave up their first complete, comprehensive, narcotic priorities. He does not, however, have the day off to be present for the dedication of the education program in the Nation at the authority to institute the so-called lot­ busy corner as Francis B. Johnson Square. high school level. tery. And without some amendatory It was near this corner that the popular School officials are excited about the legislation there are admittedly certain "Bucky" was shot last March 17, while at­ program and its future. That excitement administrative difficulties in making the tempting to apprehend a gunman in the has spread to the youngsters, who have transition from the oldest first to the Tam Cafe on Tremont street. responded well to program leader, Mr. The veteran of 23 years police service and youngest first. father of six, died of his wounds, but yester­ Rick Berman, a former member of the In a matter of such consequence as the day his brother officers proved, six months Los Angeles County Sheriff's Depart­ draft a statutory enactment is always later, that he ls stlll not forgotten. ment. School officials also hope to in­ to be preferred to substantial changes Boston Police Badge No. 2794, the badge clude elementary district students in the by Executive order. Our committee hopes that "Bucky" wore the 23 years on the force program next year in an effort to reach to be able to take some action, in ac­ was attached to a bronze plaque at the cor­ all age groups. cordance with the President's recom­ ner by the Boston Patrol.men's Association. Because this program is the first of its It was the first time that a policeman's mendation, before the conclusion of this badge had been incorporated into a plaque, kind, and because of its constructive at­ session. But time is becoming of the es­ but the men felt that it was appropriate in­ tempts to deal with the narcotic and sence and in the legislative process there asmuch as "Bucky" had been so much a drug problem, I am enclosing a copy for is not alone our House committee to part of the corner for the past 10 years. my colleagues' information: consider. It was also appropriate yesterday that the NARCOTIC EDUCATION PROGRAM AT A HIGH The American people have been de­ businessmen, merchants and bankers in that ScHOOL LEvEL manding a change in the age group pri­ area joined "Bucky's" many police friends in A. OBJECTIVES OF PROPOSED ACTIVITY orities which, as they now stand, work one more tribute to a man who had been one of the most popular men on the force. The Board of Education and the Superin­ a great hardship on our youth. I am Traffic was cut off for about an hour so tendent of the Centinela Valley Union High pleased that President Nixon has an­ that the official ceremony could get under­ School District, recognizing the need to de­ nounced that if the Congress should fail way. Top police officials stood in uniforms velop an educational apparatus to meet and t.o act on this before the conclusion of in front o! the dedication stand as the John­ confront the ever-increasing abuse of drugs this session he would proceed to issue son family listened to the speeches. by the students of this district, authorized the Executive order making the change, The ceremony was short, the speeches and established the omce of Narcotic Edu­ shorter, but the message came over loud and cation Resources Center. Mr. Rick Berman notwithstanding the administrative dif­ has been employed in the position of director As clear, that the plaque would be a permanent ficulties it will present. to the lot­ tribute to "Bucky Johnson" ... "a good of this project. He ls responsible for the de­ tery, so called, there jg nothing the father and husband in addition to being a velopment, coordination and implementation President can do in view of the statutory good policeman .. . one swell guy." of this program. prohibition against it. The Johnson family remembered, with Mr. Rick Berman was a member of the Los I commend our President for recog­ tears in their eyes as City Council President Angeles County Sheriff's Department for the Gerald O'Leary spoke of their great loss in past 16 years and a member of the Narcotic nizing this inequity in ow· existing draft Bureau for the past 12 years. During his ten­ law and his willingness to exercise the these days when there is "less and less re­ spect shown police officers." ure with the Narcotic Bureau he functioned authority that is his to make the change in every capacity related to narcotics investi­ in priorities. Equally poignant was the introduction of gation and detection, including the under­ 11-year-old John Carras of Hyde Park by cover purchases of narcotics. City Councilman Joseph Timilty. The youth. Mr. Berman was assigned as the training STUART-TREMONT CORNER HON­ who had saved $13 in pennies for 11 months and education sergeant for the Narcotic Bu­ ORS HERO POLICEMAN for his vacation, was the first contributor reau. He ls a recognized and qualified expert to the Francis B. Johnson Memorial Fund. in his field in the Federal, Superior and The ceremony was complete with rifle Municipal Courts of Los Angeles and San salute, the national anthem by the Boston Diego Counties. He has been a guest lecturer HON. JAMES A. BURKE Police Band and the Doyle VFW Post stand­ OF MASSACHUSETTS and instructor on the topic of narcotics at ing at attention as honor guard. universities, secondary and elementary edu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cational institutions throughout Southern Tuesday, September 23, 1969 FRIENDS AND FAMILY PAY TRIBUTE California. He has also trained personnel from Six months ago Frank Johnson was slain foreign nations, from Federal Services, the Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. by a robber's bullet in a downtown cafe. U.S. Military and Probation and Parole Offi­ Speaker, may I take this opportunity t.o Less than 100 yards from the scene of the cers in narcotics investigation and detection bring t.o the attention of the Members of tragedy, hundreds of fellow Boston police techniques. Mr. Berman has written training the U.S. Congress the tribute o:trered in officers, friends and family paid tribute yes­ material for the legal, medical and social the placing of a plaque at the corner of terday to the traffic officer when the corner science professions also. During the past of Stuart and Tremont streets was dedicated three years, he was the Sheriff's Liaison Offi­ Stuart and Tremont Streets, in Boston, to his memory. Henceforth to be known as cer between psychiatric and educational honoring the hero policeman, Patrolman Francis J. Johnson Sq., Johnson's old traffic groups who are attempting to evaluate the Francis B. Johnson, who gave his full beat will be memorialized by a plaque affixed complexities of today's narcotic problem. measure of devotion in service of his to the wall of a building housing a ticket Mr. Berman is the Special Consultant on fellow man. agency on that corner. Johnson, the police­ Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs for Superin­ Too often we are prone to look lightly man and the family man, was honored by a tendent Warren Dorn of the Los Angeles on the great sacrifices that our police succession of speakers and several hundred County Board of Supervisors and the Cerritos officers make. I knew Patrolman Francis spectators. College Departments of Community Services and Police Science. He has completed his B. Johnson and considered him a close course work in Police Sciences and Police personal friend. His life, his dedication NARCOTIC EDUCATION PROGRAM Administration at El Camino College and to duty, and his great devotion to his AT A HIGH SCHOOL LEVEL East Los Angeles City College. wife and family of six youngsters shall For the past two years Mr. Berman was a serve as an everlasting tribute to his staff member of the college accredited Los memory. HON. GLENN M.ANDERSON Angeles Sheriff's Training Academy. In this I include news items that appeared in OF CALIFORNIA capacity, as Specialist/instructor in the field of Narcotics and Drug Abuse, he has con­ the Boston Herald Traveler and the Bos­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ton Globe on Monday, September 22, ducted college level seminars and classroom Tuesday, September 23, 1969 instruction for police and sheriff's personnel. 1969, referring to the dedication of the He ls recognized as an authority in the field Francis B. Johnson Square at this point Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. of preventative education as it relates to nar­ in the RECORD: Speaker, we hear much today about nar- cotic abuse. 26760 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969

In June of 1969, Mr. Berman resigned his concepts of classroom instuction for stu­ 5. Development of an adult education pro­ position with the Sheriff's Department to ac­ dents. gram for members of the community. cept employment with the Centinela Valley It is desired that the present method of A six week workshop is to be developed for Union High School District as the director classroom instruction of drug abuse educa­ presentation through the Adult Education of the Office of Narcotic Education Resources. tion will be continued in the State Require­ program. This information seminar will be In this capacity, Mr. Berman is responsible ments classes throughout the district. This run for community involvement of inter­ for the development, coordination and ad­ method will expose and accommodate the ested parents and will involve the director, ministration of new concepts in preven­ largest percentage of students in a single teachers of State Requirements classes and tive and remedial drug abuse education. grade level to drug abuse education. professional personnel as needed to augment A strong and consistent district policy as The responsibility for the development of the sessions. it relates to student drug abuse must be de­ new curriculum and concepts of drug abuse 6. Development of information exchange veloped. At the beginning of each school year education and the instruction of same will and policies related to drug abuse to involve the district drug abuse policy should be read rest with Mr. Berman. The State Require­ school, community, city, county, state and to the student body, questions answered and ments instructor will assist as a form of in­ federal governments and other local enforce­ a printed copy of the district policy fur­ service training. At the conclusion of the ment agencies. nished to each student. (Perhaps this can be school year it is anticipated that the regular It is recognized that an integrated pro­ done through student and parent hand­ State Requirements instructor shall have gram of this type must have the full sup­ books.) Each school principal will then gained the necesary knowledge to instruct port of other district activities and com­ assign qualified personnel the responsibility classes in the subject matter. munity organizations. The curriculum mate­ for the investigation and handling, to the 2. Development of a referral and counsel­ rials will be designed so as to mesh with conclusion, any incidents of drug abuse oc­ ing service for school age students in the the existing health education materials pre­ curing on their respective campuses. commuity. sented through the intermediate grades. It is In establishing a district policy many fac­ This program will provide a drug abuse anticipated that the specialized material will tors must be taken into consideration. One "referral center". The City of Hawthorne will be presented in the State Requirements of the most important considerations is participate in this project, as a joint venture, classes at the high school level. The high when to summon law enforcement. A good by furnishing office space for the "center". school segment could be taught by the person general guideline is as follows: When a stu­ It will be located in the Naval Armory across selected for this special position. dent is obviously under the influence of from the Hawthorne City Hall. It is proposed that through the efforts of any drug or narcotic to the extent that the This "referral center" would be available this new staff member a comprehensive pro­ student is unable to care for himself or is a to all high school students in the Centinela gram of drug abuse education will be de­ disruptive source or dangerous to others; Valley Union High School District. veloped for this school district. This will when a student is in possession of any con­ Referrals would come from: include development of original curriculum traband narcotic or drug; when a student a . Schools-as a result of the student being materials to be integrated into the existing has furnished or sold any contraband narcot­ arrested by law enforcement. educational program at all grade levels and ic or drug on or about the school area. By b. Schools-as a result of drug abuse ac­ study and recommendation for adoption of following the above guideline a student, with other material as appropriate. It is antici­ the assistance of law enforcement, can re­ tivities at school or school sponsored activi­ ties. pated that the program will include not only ceive emergency medical treatment, if neces­ c. Parental requests. traditional classroom methods appropriate to sary, without waiting for parental consent. the subject matter, but that provision will The liability for the student is no longer d . Self referrals. e. Special counselor requests. be made for counseling and referral service borne by the school district. This action will throughout the district. It is intended that also display to the entire student body that A student referred to the "center" would the educational program will also be of a drug abuse will not be tolerated. meet with parents and center director to es­ nature to develop attitudes and affect be­ In the majority of cases students taken tablish a re-education program for the stu­ havior pa.tterns of the students of this dis­ into custody for drug abuse offenses, regard­ dent. trict. This proposal will further contain a less of the location of the arrest, will be 3. Development of strong and consistent training program in subject matter for fac­ counseled and released to their parents. district policies regarding drug abuse. ulty and administrators. Rarely will the student be detained in ju­ Further, any student or person eligible to These activities would be coordinated with venile hall or subsequently placed in a be a student in the Centinela Valley Union all on-going efforts and would serve to probation camp. The student once again be­ High School District can voluntarily take strengthen the approach and present a comes a problem to be dealt with by the part in group sessions without jeopardizing united attack against the narcotic and school district. In compliance with the pres­ his high school status. drug abuse problem of the juvenile offender. ent district policy the st udent will auto­ 4. Development of in-service programs to involve classroom and administrative per­ B. ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES FOR matically be suspended pending investiga­ IMPLEMENTATION tion. Since it is the intent of this program sonnel to keep the student in school the following A ten to t welve week comprehensive work­ 1. Implement and continue pattern of drug procedure has been established: Prior to the shop, accredited for salary fer the faculty and abuse education through high school level student being re-admitted to a district administrators of this district, will be pre­ States Requirements Courses. school, the student and his parents must sented through the auspices of the Adult 2. New curriculum presenting changing meet with the director of the center. At this Education Department. Interested personnel concepts of drug abuse education and in­ interview the extent of the student's drug from other institutions will be invited to at­ struction. This presented to classroom per­ abuse problem, as well as the student's and tend on a non-accredited basis. The course sonnel and adults through in-servce and parent's attitude, will be determined. The will be concerned with all phases of drug adult education. director will then contact the school that the abuse. This program will utilize guest speak­ 3. Use of specialist in narcotic and drug student was attending when arrested and ers from the medical, psychological, educa­ abuse as resource and development personnel. will confer with members of the administra­ tional and law professions. 4. Training and preparation of counseling tion and faculty, and at the conclusion of personnel to handle referrals from classroom · It is proposed that through the efforts of teachers. Act as contact for those returning the investigation, a recommendation will be Mr. Rick Berman, Project Field Director, a made to the superintendent. The alternatives from detention for drug and narcotic abuse comprehensive program of drug abuse educa­ violations. to be considered are ( 1) the student may be tion will be developed for this school district. returned to his present school, (2) assigned 5. Training of additional specialist resource This will include development of original cur­ personnel to spread coverage to all schools to another school in the district, (3) en­ riculum materials to be integrated into the rolled in the district continuati on school, in community. existing educational program at all grade 6. Complete establishment of on-going and (4) the student may be suspended or levels and study and recommendation for expelled from school. policy for local districts so that consistency adoption of other material as appropriate. It in the handling of drug and narcotics abuse If the student is returned to a district is anticipated that the program will include "does not fluctuate. school, the student must take part in group not only traditional classroom methods ap­ 7. Group counseling sessions under the sessions at the office of Narcotic Education propriate to the subject matter but that pro­ direction of district specialist in narcotics Resources (exceptions to this rule will be vision will be made for counseling and re­ and drug abuse. This involving all student made if the student is receiving professional ferral service throughout the district. It is referrals from schools and local enforcement care elsewhere) . intended that the educational program will agencies. It is proposed that through the efforts of present basic factual information concern­ 8. Employment of specialized help as the Narcotic Education Resources Center a ing drug abuse and will also be of a nature needed in the form of social, psychological balanced and comprehensive program related to develop attitudes and affect behavior pat­ and psychiatric help. to drug abuse education will be developed. terns of the students of this district. This 9. Prepare and disseminate brochures, The proposed program wlll utilize the fol­ proposal will further contain a training pro­ articles, and audio-visual materials designed lowing key points as objectives: gram in subject matt~r for admin!strators to enhance needs for education in area of 1. Development and implementation of and faculty. drug and narcotics abuse. September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26761 CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF AD­ to admit a Negro in Congress. The seat was 1966, Raymond W. Ewell; 1966, James A. Mc­ declared vacant, and Menard received part Lendon; 1966, Genoa S. Washington. MISSION OF THE FIRST BLACK 1 LAWYER TO THE ILLINOIS BAR of the salary normally paid to a congressman. Senaite: 1924, Adelbert H. Roberts ; 1942, U.S. Senator Hiram Rhodes Revels was the c. c. Wimbish 1 ; 1966, Cecil A. Partee; 1966, first black man to serve in the U .S. Senate Richard Newhouse. completing the unexpired term of Jefferson In the Chicago City Council: 1917, Louis HON. ABNER J. MIKVA Davis. He completed his education at Knox B. Anderson; 1933, Willlam L. Dawson; 1942, OF ll.LINOI~ College in Galesburg, Illinois and after his Earl B. Dickerson; 1956, Sidney A. Jones, Jr.; 1955, Archibald J . Carey; 1947, Claude W. B. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ordination as an African Methodist Episcopal preacher he taught, lectured and preached in Holman; 1966, William C. Cousins; 1966, Wil­ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 Illinois. He became Presiding Elder in Mis­ son Frost. In the City Council of Evanston, Illinois: Mr. MIKVA. Mr. Speaker, April 20, sissippi and was elected to the U.S. Senate (1870--1871) . 1963-1968, Mayme F . Spencer. 1969, marked an historic occasion in the In the Civil Service Commission: Wendell John R. Lynch black lawyer from Missis­ 1 State of Illinois. That day was the lOOth 1, , sippi born in 1847 was elected to Congress in E. Green James B. Cashin Earl E. Stray­ horn, Quentin J. Goodwin. anniversary of the admission to the n­ 1872 as its youngest member and served in In the County Board of Commissioners: linois bar of the first black laWYer. That the 43rd, 44th and 47th Congresses. In 1912 black attorney, Lloyd G. Wheeler, was 1896, Edward H. Wright 1, Kenneth E. Wilson. he opened law offices in Chicago, Illinois and In the Chicago School Board of Education: the first of a long line of distinguished became a power in the Republican organiza­ Irwin C. Mollison 1, James B. Cashin 1, Syd­ black lawyers and members of the Illinois tion here writing three books on Reconstruc­ ney P. Brown. bar who have succeeded him down tion. He died in Chicago in November 1939 at In the Chicago Library .Board: Joseph D. through the years. the age of 93. After the election of Oscar Bibb 1, Irwin C. Mollison. On the occasion of the centennial of DePriest in 1928 to Congress as a Republican, Trustee Univ. of Illinois: 1958, Richard A. that first admission of a black laWYer to for four terms, two black lawyers represented Harewood, First Black Lawyer elected in the First Congressional District. State-wide election. the Illinois bar, the Cook County Bar Arthur W. Mitchell first black Democratic Association held a commemorative In the Governor's Cabinet: Joseph D. lawyer was elected to Congress in 1934 and Bibb 1 , Dir. of Pub. Safety; W. Sylvester gathering at the Church of the Good served 4 terms. He died in 1968. White, Dir. of Registration. Shepherd, 5700 Prairie Avenue, in William L. Dawson second black Illinois Chicago Ward Committeeman: Edward H. Chicago, Ill. The meeting was attended lawyer Congressman was elected in 1942 and Wright 1 (R), Earnest Greene (R), William by distinguished members of the lllinois in 1949 was elected the first black Chairman E. King 1 (R), Claude W. B. Holman (D), bench and bar and was addressed by of a major House Committee--House Com­ John Stroger (D). leading judges and government officials mittee on Government Operations. In Illinois Industrial Commission: William IN THE JUDICIARY E. King, Claude H . Whittaker. of Illinois and Cook County. It is my In the Illinois Commerce Commission: Ed­ great pleasure to insert at this point Jn U.S. District Court Judges: 1961, James ward H . Wright, Cyrus J. Colter. the RECORD the program of that centen­ B. Parsons. In the Mayor's Cabinet: James Y. Garter, nial anniversary gathering: U.S. Customs Court: 1945, Irwin C. Mol­ Comm. of Motor Veh. Lie.; Albert Porter, Jr., (From the Chicago Legal News, Oct. 31, lison; 1 1957, Scovel Richardson, practiced Deputy Commissioner of Investigations; 1896] law, Chicago, 1938--40; before becoming Dean, Theophilus Mann, Chicago Housing Dept., Law School, Lincoln, Univ., St. Louis, Mo. CENTENNIAL ANNIVERSARY OF THE ADMISSION Chicago Police Comm.; Russell R. DeBow, U.S. District Court, Virgin Islands: 1939, Former Administrative Asst. to the Mayor. OF THE FIRST BLACK LA WYER TO THE ILLINOIS Herman E. Moore (Retired) . IN GOVERNMENT BAR, APRIL 20, 1869 Referee in Bankruptcy, U.S. District Court, BLACK LAWYERS IN ll.LINOIS: BLACK LAWYERS AT Illinois: 1969, Edward B. Toles. 1917: Edward H. Morris, member Chicago THE CHICAGO BAR, OCTOBER 31, 1896 Circuit Court Judges: 1950, Wendell E. Riiot Oommission, 1920 Oonstltutional Con­ 1. Lloyd G . Wheeler. Greene,1 James B. Parsons (Resigned) , 1960, vention. 1944: Earl B. Dickerson, Fair Employment 2. Richard A. Dawson. Fred W. Slater;1 1966, Archibald J. Carey, 3. Ferdinand L. Barnett. Richard A. Harewood, James D. Crosson, Practices Oommissl.on. 4. Louis Washington. 1949: William L. Dawson, Chairma.n House William S. White. Government Operations Oommittee. 5. Edward H. Morris. Presiding Judge, Juvenile Court Division: 1952: Ed1th S. Samp00n, United Nations 6. J. W. E . Thomas. George N. Leighton, Glenn T. Johnson. 7. Maurice Baumann. Delegate. Associate Circuit Court Judges: 1924, 1954: J. Ernest Wilkins, Assistant Secre­ 8. John G. Jones. Albert B. George,11941; Patrick B. Prescott; 1 tary of Labor. 9. R. O.Lee. 1942, Wendell E. Greene 1 (Resigned); 1945, 1956: Archibald J. Carey, President Eisen­ 1 10. George W . W. Lytle. Fred W. Slater (Resigned) ; 1946, Henry C. hower's committee on Government con­ 11. S. Laing Williams. Ferguson (Retired); 1960, Sidney A. Jones, tracts. 12. Franklin A. Denison. Jr.; 1963, Edith S. Sampson; 1963, Mark E. 1956: Genoa S. Washington, United Na­ 13. Charles P. Walker. Jones; 1966, Klenn T. Johnson (Resigned); tions Delegate; W. Robert Ming, Chicago 14. Edward G. Alexander. 1968, Kenneth Wilson. Human Relations Oommittee, member Board 15. Lewis W. Cummings. Magistrates of the Circuit Court: 1964, of Managers Chicago Bar Association. 16. W.W. Johnson. Richard Gumbel; 1964, Ernest Greene (Re­ 1960: J.ewel LaFcmtant, Civil Rights Ad­ 17. S. A. T . Watkins. signed); 1964, Alvin Turner; 1964, Maurice visory Commission, seconded Nomination of 18. William W. Ward. Pompey; 1964, George Blakey; 1964, Earl J. Richard M. Nixon; Elmer Henderson, Repub­ 19. M . A. Mardis. Neal; 1965, Edwin C. Hatfield; 1965, E. C. lican National Convention Chicago, Counsel, 20. Albert G. Hubbard. Johnson; 1966, James M. Walton; 1966, House Government Operations Oommittee. 21. James H. Lewis. Myrtle Stryker; 1966, Willie Whiting; 1967, 1964: Patricia Roberts Harris, Ambassador 22. J. Gray Lucas. Russell R. DeBow; 1968, George W. Lawrence to Luxembourg; Howard T. Savage, Character 23. Hale Giddings Parker. (Resigned); 1968, Charles Durham. and Fitness Committee, Admission to Illinois 24. James E. White. East St. Louis, Illinois: 1964, Billy Jones; Bar; John W. Rogers, Torrens Title Examiner. 25. W. B. Akers. 1964, Virgil Calvert (Resigned); 1968, Ora IN BUSINESS 26. Charles W. Scrutchin. Polk. 1934: Edward H. Morris, Receiver Binga 27. R. M. Mitchell. Former Masters in Chancery: James A. 28. William G. Anderson. State Bank, Lawyer for Metropolitan Funeral McLendon, Euclid L. Taylor, Alderman System; Anthony Overton, Judge, Topeka, 29. Thomas L. Johnson. Claude W . B. Holman, George N. Leighton 30. Miss Ida Platt. Kansas, Overton Hygenic Manufacturing (Resigned), Kenneth L. Wilson (Resigned). Company, Victory Life Insurance Oompainy, 31. John L . Turner. In the Illinois General Assembly 1876- 32. Beauregard F. Moseley. 1 Douglas National Bank, Chicago Bee News­ 1969: 1876, John W. E. Thomas; 1890, paper; Sydney P. Brown; Euclid L. Taylor, 33. E. H . Wright. 1 1 Edward H. Morris; 1898, William L. Martin; Illinois Federal Savings And Loan AsSocia­ 1 IN THE U.S. CONGRESS 1900, John G. Jones; 1918, Adelbert H. tion; Archibald J. Carey; James G. Lemon, 1 1 John Willis Menard first bla.ck man elected Roberts; 1918, Warren B. Douglas; 1926, Jr., People's Co-op Credit Union; Earl B. 1 1 to Oongress was born in Kaskaskia, Illinois William E. King; 1928, George W. Blackwell; Dickerson, Supreme Life Insurance Com­ 1 first Capital of Illinois, in 1838 and educated 1928, Harris B. Gaines; 1930, Charles J. Jenk­ pany, Director, South Side Bank & Trust in Sparta, Illinois and an Ohio college. He ins;1 1936, Richard A. Harewood & 1956; Company; Thomas P. Harris, Chicago Metro­ moved to Louisiana to work for the Repub­ 1936, Earnest A. Greene; 1954, James Y. Car­ politan Mutual Assurance Company, Director, lican Party and was elected to the 40th Con­ ter; 1954, Kenneth Wilson; 1956, Charles F. Drexel National Bank; Bindley C. Cyrus, Vic­ gress in 1868 from Louisiana but the election Armstrong; 1 1956, Cecil A. Partee; 1962, tory Mutual Life Insurance Co.; Lawrence was contested, and Menard was given per­ Lycurgus Conner; 1 1964, Harold Washington; Carroll, Chicago Title Trust, Title Omce; mission to address the House. James A. Gar­ Chauncey Eskridge, Director, Amalgwna.ted field offered a motion that it was too early Footnote at end of article. Trust & Savings Bank. 26762 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969

AS WRITERS 583 (1954) Overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, Denison, Benjamin Duster, and Carey B. Ferdinand Barnett, Editor, The Conser- 163 U.S. 637 (1896) Separate but Equal Doc­ Lewis. vator. trine in education. Thurgood. Marshall, Rob· Presentation of judges: Remarks and bene­ Robert s. Abbott, Editor, Chicago Defender. ert Carter and others including W. Robert diction, Kenneth B. Smith, Minister, Church Joseph Bibb, Editor, Chicago Whip. Ming, black lawyers. of The Good Shepherd, Congregational. William E. Lilly, A Negro's Life of Abraham 1961: Monroe v Pape, 366 U .S. Suit for THE PAST PRESIDENTS OF THE COOK COUNTY Lincoln, Set My People Free. damages; Illegal Search a.nd arrest. Morris BAR ASSOCIATION, INC. Charles W. Quick, Legal Aspects of L. Ernst, Ernst Liebman a.nd black lawyer 1 John W. Rogers. 1914-18: Edward H. Wright , County Board. Civil Rights Movement, University of Chi­ 1919: Henry M. Porter 1 • 1961: Robert G. Morris, Jr., MD. Arthur cago. 1920: James A. Terry 1 • G. Falls, MD. et aZ v Chica.go Hospital Coun­ w. Robert Ming, Law Review. 1921-22: Richard E. Westbrooks 1 • cil et al Suit in Federal Court against 100 Willlam Henry Huff, Poet. 1923: Willis B. Mollison 1 • hospitals, Medical societies to require under 1924-25: Champion T. Waring 1 • AS LAW SCHOOL TEACHERS Sherman Act admittance of black doctors w. Robert Ming, University of Chicago Law 1926-27: C. Francis Stradford 1 • and patients for hospital services. Walker 1928-29: A. Morris Burroughs. School. Smith and John P. Morris, and George N. Charles w. Quick, University of Illinois 1930-31: Herman E. Moore, U.S. Distri ct Leighton, black lawyers. Judge, Virgin Islands, (r etired). Law School. 1963: Townsend v Sain, 372 U.S. 293. U.S. John Wilkins, University of California 1932-33: Alva L. Bates 1 , Assistant to Pro­ Supreme Court leading case in Trilogy of bate Court Judge. Law School. cases setting up rules for application of state 1934-35: James B. Cashin 1 , Civil Service John P. Morris, University of Arizona Law habeas corpus prisoners for hearings by Fed­ Commissioner. School. eral Courts; Hyoscine Truth Serum ca.se. 1936: William H. Temple 1 • George N. Leighton, John Marshall Law George N. Leighton, black lawyer. School. 1937-38: Earl B. Dickerson, Former Alder­ 1966: Anna Langford, black woman lawyer, man, U.S.F.E.P.C. Patricia Roberts Harris, Howard University loses run-off bid for Aldermanic election by 1939-40: William K. Hooks 1 • Law School. 37 votes. 1 In Law, Landmark Decisions 1874: Illlnois 1941-42: J. Ernest Wilkins, Sr. , Asst. Sec­ 1968: James D. Montgomery appointed retary of Labor. General Assembly passes Law forbidding seg­ Parole Board Member. First black lawyer regation in public schools. 1943-44:Henry C. Ferguson, Judge, Muni ci- since Albert B. George succeeded Comm. Wil­ pal Court of Chicago, (retired). 1876: John W. E. Thomas, first black man liam Henry Harrison who resigned. 1945-46: Zedrick T. Braden 1 • elected to General Assembly; introduces and Pending actions in Federal, Circuit Court General Assembly passes a Civil Rights law 1947-48: Nelson M. Willis 1 • of Appeals and U.S. Supreme Court by black 1949-50: Sidney A. Jones, Jr., Associate forbidding discrimination in public accom­ lawyers include cases involving mob action, modations. Judge, Circuit Court of Cook Cty. disorderly conduct ordinances, Contract 1951-52: Thomas M. Clarke. 1889: Bayliss v Curry 30 Ill. App. 105; aff'd Buyers League and Civil Rights cases. Rob­ 128 Ill. 287 (1889) upheld constitutionality of 1953-54: James G. Lemon, Jr. ert Tucker (Deputy Administrator, Hous­ 1955-56: James T. Horton. Civil Rights law. Edward H. Morris, black ing and Urban Development) and Ellis E. lawyer. 1957-58: James McLendon, Member, Gen­ Reid. eral Assembly. 1906: Ferdinand Barnett in first Municipal PROGRAM Court election recount vote loses by 304 votes 1959-60: Charles F. Lane. Presiding, Edward B. Toles, Referee in 1961-62: Edward B. Toles, Referee in Bank­ out of 200,000 cast. 192Q--James Scott black Bankruptcy, United States District Court. lawyer loses Municipal Oourt election by nar­ ruptcy, U.S. Dist. Court, Illinois. Invocation, Hon. Archibald J. Carey, Judge, 1963-64: Theodore Crawley. row margin; 1923, Edward H. Morris counted Law Division, Circuit Court of Cook County. out for Superior Court election. 1924--Albert 1965-66: Glenn T. Johnson, Judge, Circuit Musical selection, Good Shepherd Choir. Court, Cook County. B. George elected to Municipal Court as first Greetings, Hon. Richard J. Daley, Mayor of black judge elected in the North. 1967-68: William E. Peterson. City of Chicago. 1969: James L. Harris. 1938: Otho Robinson, Charles Collins, Bar Associations: Remarks, Hon. William Richard Haskins et al. v. Hanley Lewis Co. E. Peterson, President-Elect, National Bar Officers University of Illinois students sue for denial Association. James L. Harris, President; Clarence of service in cafe near state university. Jury Remarks, Hon. John J. Sullivan, President, Bryant, lsit Vice President; Ernestine B. verdict against the students. George B. Nes­ Chicago Bar Association. Washlngton, 2nd Vice President; Ellis E. bitt and Edward B. Toles black lawyers. Judiciary, Unit.ed States District Court: Reid, 3rd Vice President; William E. Peter­ 1939: Earl B. Dickerson v Abraham Lincoln Remarks, Hon. Archibald T. LeCesne, Assist­ son, Treasurer; James E. Caldwell, General Hotel Springfield, Illlnois, suit for denial of ant U.S. Attorney. Secretary; Levi H. Morris, Financial Secre­ hotel accommodations. Earl Dickerson black Remarks, Hon. James B. Parsons, Judge, tary; and John W. Biggs, Assistant Secretary. lawyer. U.S. District Court Northern District, Illinois. Board of directors 1940: Hansberry v Lee, 372 Ill. 369, 311 Circuit Court of Cook County: Remarks, U.S. 32 (194-0) Restrictive Covenants; Earl B. Hon. John S. Boyle, Chief Judge, Circuit Lawrence W. Carroll, Theodore F. Crawley, Dickerson, Truman K. Gibson Jr., C. Francis Court Cook County. Mayron R. Crenshaw, Maurice E. Dixon, Hon. Stradford, Loring B. Moore, Irvin C. Mollison, Remarks, Hon. W. Sylvester White, Presid­ Charles J. Durham, Hon. Glenn T. Johnson, black lawyers. ing Judge, Juvenile Court Division, Circuit Lawrence E. Kennon, Anna B. Langford, 1941: Arthur Mitchell v U.S. 313 U.S. 80 Court of Cook County. James G. Lemon, Jr., Mayme F. Spencer, Earl (1941) Denial of Pullman Car accommoda­ Remarks, Hon. Glenn T. Johnson, Judge, Taylor, Hon. Edward B. Toles, and Robert tions. Richard E. Westbrooks, black lawyer. Divorce Division, Circuit Court Cook County. L. Tucker. 1942: Patrick B. Prescott v Schemer 381 Remarks, Hon. Richard A. Harewood, Centennial committee Ill. 173, ( 1942) Supreme Court orders Pres­ Judge, Law Division, Circuit Court Cook Edward B. Toles, Chairman of the Cen­ cott seated as Municipal Court Judge of County. tennial Committee; Judge James D. Cros­ Chicago. Werner Schroeder and black lawyer Musical selection, Good Shepherd Choir. son, Judge Glenn Johnson, Judge Kenneth Patrick B. Prescott. Remarks, Hon. James D. Crosson, Judge, Wilson, Judge Russell R . DeBow, Judge 1944: Joseoh Snowden v Hughes, 321 U.S. l , Criminal Division, Circuit Court of Cook James M. Walton, Hon. Claude W. B. Holman, (1944) Suit- for damages under 42 U.S.C., County. Archibald T. LeCense, and Lucia T. Thomas. sections 1983; 1985 deprivation of rights un­ Remarks, Hon. George N. Leighton, Judge, Cook County Bar Association der color of statute in primary voting case. Chancery Division, Circuit Court Cook W. Robert Ming, black lawyer. Organized by Edward H. Wright, 1914, in­ County. 1950: Elmer Henderson v U.S. 339 U.S. 816 corported March 5, 1920: Remarks, Hon. Edith S. Sampson, Associate Chester W. DeArmond, Edward H. Wright. ( 1950) Denial of Dining Car accommoda­ Judge, Circuit Court OOOk County. tions. Sidney A. Jones Jr., Earl B. Dickerson Henry M. Porter, Benjamin G. Pollard, Alva on brief; Amicus Curiae, Arthur Goldberg Remarks, Hon. Russell R. DeBow, Magis­ L. Baites, and James A. Terry. (Ex U.S. Supreme Court Justice) for C.I.O., trate, Circuit Court Cook County. Willls E. Mollison, Richard E. Westbrooks, Richard E. Westbrooks, Lucia T . Thomas, Remarks, Hon. Daniel P. Ward, Associate Oliver A. Clark, and J. Gray Lucas. Georgia Jones Ellis, William A. Booker, Jo­ Justice, Supreme Court of Illinois, First National Bar Associat ion seph E. Clayton Jr. for National Bar As­ District. Organized Des Moines, Iowa, 1925, Illinois sociation, black lawyers. City Council: Remarks, Hon. Claude W. B. Holman, Alderman, 4th Ward. Black Lawyers: 1953: Western Springs Park District v Wendell E. Green, C. F. Stradford, Jesse N. Arthur G. Falls and Lillian P. Falls Circuit General Assembly: Remarks, Hon. Cecil A. Partee, Member Senate, Illinois General As­ Baker, William H. Haynes, and George C. Court of Cook County Condemnation suit, Adams. Suburb residence restriction. Edward B. sembly. Toles and Sidney A. Jones Jr., black lawyers. Introduction of sons and grandsons of first 1954: Brown v Board of Education, 347 U.S. black lawyers, Lloyd G. Wheeler, George 1 Decea.sed. September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26763 MONTANA BOYS STATE PIONEER ( d) Transportation: THE LADY AT THE U.N. PARTY PLATFORM 1. Truck Use fees are urged in Interstate Miss Angle Brooks of Liberia, the second Commerce. woman to be elected president of the Gen­ 2. This party supports adoption of the Im­ eral Assembly in the history of the United HON. ARNOLD OLSEN plied Consent law with the purchase of Nations, made a surprisingly sharp impres­ proper equipment. OF MONTANA sion on her fellow delegates in her inaugural (e) Welfare: We will support a state work­ speech at the opening of the UN's 24th an­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fare program in line with that--President nual session. Tuesday, September 23, 1969 Nixon's. In the world of diplomacy where words (f) Education: stress the nicety and the nuance at the ex­ Mr. OLSEN. Mr. Speaker, Montana's 1. We, of the Pioneer Party, believe teach­ pense of direotness, the new president's Boys State Convention concluded this ers should receive higher salaries. candor and clarity were refreshing and com­ year after a very vocal discussion of the 2. We support the development of the mendable. And her speech was singularly free national and international issues. State Vo-tech centers. of the self-congratulatory attitudes about The two emerging parties at the con­ (g) Gun control: the UN which are usually conveyed in such 1. The Pioneer Party supports a check with addresses and which become a mockery vention were well schooled in their phi­ local, State and National authorities before when UN achievement is measured against losophies, and the spokesmen displayed selling fire arms. aspiration. an impressive ability for public speaking 2. We favor stl.trer punishments for crimi­ She urged the delegates to surrender "the and leadership. nals involved in crimes of violence, especially delusion that we are doing our best and the One of the parties, the Pioneer Party, those crimes involving a firearm. world persists in misjudging us." She charged has prepared the following platform, (h) Overhaul of State Government and a lack of dynamism by default or design had Constitution-We of the Pioneer Party would sidetracked or ignored major worl1 problems which I think speaks very well for today's like to: to the UN's detriment in world opinion. And youth. Montana is on the eve of a 19- 1. Consolidate the numbers of committees. she bluntly told them the UN would one day year-old vote, and I think it will be a commissions and agencies, and perish unless they resolved to "nurse, cherish great asset to our State and to the Nation 2. Simplify the Legislative branch by: and cultivate it." to welcome such conscientious voters. (a) Decreasing proportionally, the num­ These are hardly diplomatic words to use The material follows: ber of legislators. in addressing a diplomatic assemblage but (b) Increasing the length of the legislative they express an opinion tha.t needed saying PIONEER PARTY PLATFORM session. and despite the wincing by some delegates, I. National: (a) Taxes: III. Boy's State: she received a rousing ovation at the end. 1. We are in favor of a oontinuation of the (a) Site: The Pioneer Party proposes that The UN remains the best means devised to income tax surcharge as an anti-inflation the site of Boy's State be rotated among the achieve cooperation among nations of the measure. colleges of Montana to allow different cities world, but its stature in the public mind has 2. We are for closing such tax loopholes as: to see Boy's State. In some cases this would gradually eroded because of ineffectual ac­ (a) Depletion allowance for the petroleum allow a Governor's Ball as well 8" other social tion on some issues and cynical sidestepping industry. activities. of others. These were the pointl;s Miss Brooks (b) La.nd ownership for the sole purpose ( b) Food lines: Realizing an emptiness in underscored. of tax-loss deduction. our stomachs, we believe definite action The pity may be that the forthright lady ( c) Charity deduction for donation of large should be made to cut down food service from Liberia will be at the 24th Assembly's amounts of rapidly devaluing stock. time: helm only during its 13-week session. More (b) ABM: We support the immediate de­ 1. Two lines initiated. talk suoh as hers more often might stiffen velopment of an anti-ballistic missile de­ 2. Scheduling time allotments for cities the spine Of the Assembly. fense system, but urge a thorough investiga­ to eat. tion of the technical reliability of any pro­ ( c) City directory: In order to aid the posed systems, before steps toward installa­ speedier establishm(..!lt of Boy's State activi­ tion are taken. ties we propose a complete City Directory, in­ DIVISION OF· ENVIRONMENTAL (c) Gun control: Resolved that the Na­ cluding hometowns and Boy's State resi­ POLICY tional government respect the sovereignty of dences. the states on the matter of gun control. (d) Platforms: We of the Pioneer Party (d) Industry: feel that the platforms of both parties should HON. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO 1. We advocate more rigid anti-trust legis­ be sent to Montana's congressional repre­ OF CONNECTICUT sentatives and executives. lation to be used not as an anti-union meas­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ure, but rather as a tool to curb nationwide (e) Counsellors: We, of the Pioneer Party strikes-in-sympathy. are resolved that Boy's State citizens should Tuesday, September 23, 1969 2. We feel that farmers, who are non-union be encouraged to return in following years and therefore have no means to cope with to advise and observe. Mr. DADDARIO. Mr. Speaker, just inflation, will be benefi.tted by such antitrust (f) Posters: To ensure equa:i. cn.mpaigning, recently the Library of Congress an­ legislation. it is our contention that nominees should be nounced the establishment of a new Di­ 3. We support more rigid conservation laws deadlined as to times for putting up posters vision of Environmental Policy within to control Industrial practices. and time -after elections for getting them the Legislative Reference Service. The ( e) Elections: The Pioneer Party, in an down. division is to be headed by Richard A. effort to make election more direct, advocate: Carpenter, who is not only a first-rate 1. A direct national primary for nominat­ chemist but a man with unusual depth ing a Presidential candidate. THE LADY AT THE U.N. 2. A direct National Presidential election of knowledge and understanding of the by plurality. Federal Government and especially the (f) Welfare: We of the Pioneer Party sup­ HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER legislative branch. port President Nixon's "workfare" plan OF MASSACHUSETI'S I should like to be on record as giving because: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the full approbation of the Science Com­ 1. It is an alternative to the "dole" policy. mittee to the decision to set up this new Tuesday, September 23, 1969 2. It is a potential cure of the oa.uses of group. Surely, it is sorely needed and I Civil Disorders. Mrs. HECKLER of Massachusetts. Mr. believe that it will eventuate into one of (g) Vietnam: The Pioneer Party would support a definite Administration program Speaker, the Boston Herald Traveler on the most used sources of information to supporting either a phased out withdrawal Saturday, September 20, 1969, published the Congress. I think thait almost any­ by 1972, or a military victory (excluding nu­ a most astute editorial entitled "The one who has been concerned at all with clear weapons) by 1972. Lady at the U.N." The lady referred to is environmental problems is now con­ II. State: (a) Closing tax loopholes: Miss Angie Brooks, of Liberia, the second vinced. that environmental management 1. The Pioneer Party strongly urges the woman to be elected president of the will become a permanent and major con­ state to ad.opt a Sales tax. General Assembly in the history of the cern of the U.S. Government from this 2. We are in favor of a Property Improve­ U.N. point forward. Indeed, one suspects that ment Incentive t.ax. The gist of this editorial is comment within the space of a few years its growth 3. We proposed realistic Gross Corporate Income tax on all corporate operations in on her inaugural speech and its blWlt­ will dwarf many of the endeavors which Montana. ness by contrast to a "world of diplomacy we now consider to be of first priority. (b) Drugs: The Pioneer Party believes in where words stress the nicety and the Mr. Speaker, I can assure you that the stl.trer penalties for distributors of narcotics. nuance at the expense of directness." The Subcommittee on Science, Research, and (c) Voting laws: We urge either an eighteen text of this refreshing editorial is as Development, which I have the privilege or nineteen year old voting law. follows: to chair, as well as the full Committee on CXV--1687-Part 20 26764 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 Science and Astronautics, will have very schools, said nothing of withdrawing stu­ parents, perhaps best under the auspices of significant use to make of the Environ­ dents from the classes. Parent-Teacher Associations." But the statement issued today by the mental Policy Division. I know that many prelates operates on the same basic principle [From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News, other committees will be making equal as the November statement, according to the Sept. 19, 1969] demands upon it. May I express my con­ Rev. Ramon DiNardo, executive secretary for IT'S EVOLUTION NOT REVOLUTION: YOUNG gratulations to the Library authorities religious education in the Archdiocese of REEXAMINE SEX for taking this step and for the appoint­ Washington. ment of Mr. Carpenter to organize and "That is, the basic responsibility for sex (By Carolyn A. Bowers) operate it. education rests with the parents," he said. NEW YORK (UPI) .-The world ls in the DiNardo said committees for the three Inidst of a sex evaluation, not a revolution, bishops have been working on the statement says Dr. Mary S. Calderone. most of the summer, and have been watch­ The executive director of the Sex Informa­ SEX EDUCATION-CHURCH CON­ ing developments in the running contro­ tion and Education Council of the United DEMNS CLASSROOM PORNOGRAPHY versy in Montgomery and Prince Georges States, who says so, adds: Counties. "Young people are reexamining the man­ "We've been concerned and apparently woman relationship in the direction of hon­ HON. JOHN R. RARICK many from some of the other religions have esty to determine their role in this fast OF LOUISIANA been, too," DiNardo said. changing world." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The statement, released in Wilmington, At Seventeen Magazine's "Think Young said parents also have the right to withdraw Think Tank" seminar here, Dr. Calderone Tuesday, September 23 , 1969 their children if material in sex education said that young people are stating openly Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the wis­ classes is "presented in such a manner as that they want "clear and truthful knowl­ dom, dignity, and measured restraint, of to urge students to arrive at conclusions edge" about the realities of human sexual be­ the remarks of the Catholic bishops hav­ concerning the morality of various forms of havior early enough to be useful to them. sexual behavior as something to be deter­ "They also want clear opportunity to dis­ ing jurisdiction in Maryland, Delaware, mined by 'personal taste' and without ref­ cuss the pros and cons of the use of that and the District of Columbia, placed side erence to the views of parents and their re­ knowledge . . . and we officially deny them by side with the irresponsible and dis­ ligious beliefs." this knowledge because we don't trust them to use it morally . . . ,"she said. gusting utterances of Mary Calderone, DELAWARE BILLS PENDING the elderly libertine promoter of school­ Dr. Galderone added that this "relates room pornography, shows American par­ Several bills are pending in Delaware which exactly" to the discussion and struggle con­ would give parents a voice in such courses cerning sex education in the schools. ents who the real heroes are in the sex and which would permit them to withdraw "State legislatures are making it a misde­ education controversy. All may follow students if they do not approve of the meanor to teach reproduction in the their own conscience as to whom they courses. schools," she said. "At the same time, bill­ will entrust their children's sensibility Part of the jurisdiction covered by the boards and the public media including ad­ and psychological well-being. bishop of Wilmington, however, is the East­ vertising carry nudity and sexual behavior in The unconscionable efforts of the rap­ ern Shore of Maryland, and the Wilming­ all aspects. idly deteriorating slick paper family ton bishop's sponsoring of the statement had "How can we expect a young person to look double application. at the adult wor-ld around him with these magazines--which have now abandoned The Rev. James T. Keough, director of the conflicting messages, and accept the first all pretense of objectivity or decency­ Family Life Division of the United States one?" to brand any who disagree with them as Catholic Conference here, said he would not Dr. Calderone urged intelligent citizens "extremists" of one imaginary variety comment on the statement until he had a interested in good sex education in their or the other have met resounding defeat. chance to read it. schools to move towards an intelligent ap­ Truly responsible people, parents and But McHugh did stress the Catholic belief proach to acquire it. community leaders alike, recognize bla­ that in any sex education program the church She advised adults to think back to when "strongly endorses" the principle of parents they were young, and these memories should tant pornography when they see it. Filth and teachers cooperating in "an ongoing re­ serve as guidelines. labeled as educational material is still lationship" in presenting the subject. "For we don't have too much time left to filth. With the suppor.t of such enlight­ "We can't see how there can be a well­ get back into contact with our young people, ened and courageous religious leaders, developed and well-coordinated sex educa­ to make common cause with them towards a parents will have an effective weapon tion program unless the parents are included world that will have to be built on reality against the SIECUS child-seducers. in an ongoing relationship with the teach­ rather than fakery, on conscience rather Mr. Speaker, I submit for inclusion two ers. This is a matter that needs careful re­ than on fun and fakery," she said. news articles and a very perceptive edi­ thinking every year." "Contact with an adult world that permits McHugh, the American church's highest them to consider the wide panorama of how torial in the RECORD at this point: authority on the subject, said ".many school human beings of aill times and conditions [From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star, dist ricts around the country have recognized and ages have behaved will ensure that in­ Sept. 23, 1969] this principle .. . the ability of the parents stead of feeble consciences dependent only BISHOPS SAY CATHOLICS CAN SHUN SEX to see what is going on." on rules, strong, tough consciences able to CLASSES FAVOR BROAD PROGRAM pick the right course because that is the one (By William Willoughby) The statement by O'Boyle, Shehan and indicated, will be developed." Mardaga said "family life and sex education Dr. Calderone said that most young people The three Catholic bishops having juris­ want to "know" in order to decide what to diction in Maryland said today that parents must be far broader than merely imparting biological information concerning the repro­ "become," and they need older people whom have the right to remove children from sex they can look up to and model themselves ductive processes." education classes if they violate their moral after. and religious convictions. The bishops also urged that "great care and prudence" must be exercised to assure "They need heroes," she said, "who are "Parents have the right and obligation to everyday people living lives of awareness and protest," they said in a statement, "if pro­ that it is presented objectively in a manner that is in conformity with good taste and responsibility about many things-including grams are introduced that violate their moral sex." and religious convictions by the encour­ sound psychology. In the Maryland controversy, both Catholic agement or condonation of behavior which [From the Richmond (Va.) Times Dispatch, parents consider to be immoral . .." and many Protestant spokesmen have em­ Aug. 29, 1969] Their statement which also applies to the phasized that the basic prerogative for sex District of Columbia and Delaware, was ex­ education lies with the parents and with the SEX EDUCATION FIGHT pected to add fuel to the sex education church. The sex education debate has exploded onto controversy, which has raged at its hottest The statement adopted by the bishops last the normally placid pages of letters to the in Maryland. There has been little contro­ year said, "Parents are sometimes fearful editor of t he Journal of the American Medi­ versy within the District. that their right to teach the norms of sexual cal Association. The statement, signed by Patrick Cardinal morality to their children may be usurped or "As a physician and father who has spent O'Boyle of Washington, Lawrence Cardinal that programs such as we envision may lead a great deal of t ime in researching the so­ Shehan of Baltimore and Bishop Thomas J. to the sexual misdirection of their teachers called sex education programs," writes a New Mardaga of Wilmington, goes considerably if the teachers involved are inadequately York MD, "I am at a loss to explain their farther than one adopted here last year by prepared or emotionally immature. value to either the individual or society. the United States Conference of Catholic "In the light of such legitimate concerns, "Let me assure you that my feelings are Bishops. the careful selection of instructors for these shared by a great number of responsible phy­ The bishops' statement of November, pri­ discussions is a serious responsibility to be sicians who are neither uninformed nor marily addressed to the problem in parochial shared by priests, school authorities and members of the extreme right wing." Septe?nber 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26765 A California doctor urges his colleagues to A. W. SCHMIDT OF PITTSBURGH the Declaration of Atlantic Unity was set up "play a leading role in keeping these pro­ NAMED AMBASSADOR TO CANADA in 1954 with Walden Moore as executive di­ grazns out of our nation's schools." he de­ rector, Mr. Schmidt was in there pitching. clares: Next he was instrumental in making p:>ssib!e It is illogical to believe that a detailed HON. JAMES G. FULTON the Atlantic Community Conference in knowledge of sex (including perversion), 1957; OF PENNSYLVANIA Bruges, Belgium in he was a delegate to starting in kindergarten, will somehow re­ it and played an equally leading part in its duce the problems of promiscuity. Rather, it IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES major fruit, the Atlantic Institute, later produces these very problems, as it has in Tuesday, September 23, 1969 founded on its recommendation. Mr. Schmidt Sweden. . . . Sweden reportedly has the has been on its international Board ever highest venereal disease rate of any civilized Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr. since. country, and 50 per cent of the brides are Speaker, it is a pleasure for me to place In 1959 he helped father the Atlantic Con­ pregnant on their wedding day. Is this what in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the follow­ gress held in London in celebration of NATO's we want in America? ing article from Freedom and Union 10th year. He next was a founder of the At­ A Nebraska physician warns that he and magazine. lantic Council of the United States, and other medical men, both Christians and Congressman ROBERT J. CORBETT in is a member of its Executive Committee and Jews, "will feel bound to drop membership in Board. This may suffice to show that Ambas­ the American Medical Association" if it pro­ commenting on this article states: sador Schmidt's concern for Atlantic Union is motes sex education in the schools. It is a most interesting article about Am­ deep-rooted and widespread. One of those "I azn a Christian," he writes, "and there­ bassador Schmidt, plus excerpts from a cele­ who recommended him to President Nixon fore any approach to the subject of human brated speech he made in Paris in 1962 that wrote: reproduction without a concomitant correla­ won him plaudits from both sides of the "I have known him 25 years, and recom­ tion of God and his divine plan is not only Atlantic. mend him wholeheartedly and hard-headedly objectionable but heretic .. . Since the U.S. Having known Adolph Schmidt for as a rarely developed man, construct ive, pub­ Supreme Oourt has declared .. . that prayer lic-spirit ed, of high character and of excep­ or any reference to a diety is a violation of many years both as a friend and attor­ tional intelligence, ability, influence, integ­ the concept of church and state, then it ney in the city of Pittsburgh, it is fine to rity, courage, vision, determination. He is a necessarily becomes impossible to teach this have such a dedicated person given the born diplomat, with none of the faults that subject with any reference to God and His recognition and high responsibility of those who have to acquire that art gain in divine plan for us." t h e process. What roused the doctors' ire was a Journ2l Ambassador to Canada by this adminis­ editorial saying sex education was being op­ tration. Ambassador Schmidt is Vice President and posed across the country by members of the The article follows: G :>vernor of T. Mellon & Sons, a Pittsburgh " extreme right wing" and by "sincerely moti­ management firm, and a Trustee of the A. W. A. W. SCHMIDT OF PITTSBURGH NAMED Mellon Educational and Charitable Trust and vated but uninformed" citizens. AMBASSADOR TO CANADA A California psychiatrist responds that he of the Old Dominion Foundation. He rose Adolph W. Schmidt, whom President Nixon from captain to lieutenant colonel in World is not a member of the John Birch Society recently appointed U.S. Ambassador to Can­ (which is leading the fight against sex edu­ War II, serving in Africa and Europe and in ada, is a longtime active supporter of Atlan­ the Allied Control Commission in Berlin. He cation) and that he opposes the program in tic Union. From the standpoint of its backers, the schools "for sound psychiatric reasons." was awarded a Bronze Star and two Battle He adds: in Canada, Britain and other NATO nations Stars, and is a life member of the Military as well as in the U.S.A., the President could I weary of the effort to shut off debate by Order of World Wars. He was elected Man of not have chosen a better envoy to the Cana­ the Year in Pittsburgh in recognition of his the use of labels. The American Medical As­ dian Federation-a country of particular im­ sociation may or may not be a tool of the many varied services to his home city. A grad­ portance to those who would federa te the u ate of Princeton and Harvard, he studied Communist party. It is, however, in my Atlantic community. opinion, lacking in scientific objectivity. I also in the Universities of Dijon, Paris and consider that the greater sin. Mr. Schmidt has been a member of the Berlin. He and his gracious wife, nee Helen In Oregon's sex education program, writes Board of the International Movement for Sedgeley Mellon, have a daughter, Mrs. Helen an MD from that state, "pornographic ma­ Atlantic Union since its creation in 1958. He S. Bidwell, and a son, Thomas. terial and vulgar sex has been taught to some was a leading member of the U.S. Commis­ To turn now to the opportunity which Can­ degree in virtually every school district." He sion of 20 eminent citizens to the Atlantic ada offers an ambassador of Mr. Schmidt's charges that "unsavory characters" are lead­ Convention held in Paris in January, 1962 rare Atlantic Union background. The Cana­ ing the efforts to pomote sex education. (see his speech there on next page) and dian Senate is the only legislative body thus was chairman of its delegation to the in­ far to approve the proposed Convention to The outburst in the medical journal is a ternational group that met in London on reflection of a nationwide battle over sex explore Atlantic Union; it did so in 1950, Oct. 26, 1961 to make preparations for that thanks mainly to the late Senators Wishart education. Most of the noise against the pro­ Convention. grams is being made by extreme right wing­ Robertson and William Euler. ers, such as the John Birch Society, which At the Memphis Convention last Novem­ Former Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson sees sex education as "a filthy Communist ber of the Federal Union association (pub­ received the Federal Union association's plot." lisher of this magazine), Mr. Schmidt pre­ Atlantic Union Pioneer Award at its 1966 But as the National Obser ver pointed out sided at the luncheon sponsored by the In­ Oonvocait ion in Springfield, Illinois, where he in a recent comprehensive study of the con­ ternational Movement which was addressed welcomed the current Congressional Atlantic troversy: by Paul Martin, former Canadian Secretary Union resolution. He and Paul Martin are for External Affairs who ls now the Govern­ " Some rather sophisticated par ents object members of the Honorary Council of the to something as psychologically important as ment Leader in the Senate. Mr. Schmidt also International Movement for Atlantic Union; sex being taught by teachers who may have took a leading part--as a panel member-in its Advisory Council includes Mitchell Sharp, few qualifications for such a job and may the Convocation's sessions honoring the con­ now Ottawa's Secretary for External Affairs; have sexual hang-ups of their own. Some tributions to Atlantic Union made by tne Charles Drury, Secretary for Trade, Jean people concerned with morality prefer to late Will Clayton, former Under Secretary Eudes Dube, Secretary for Veterans Affairs; teach sex to their children in that context of State, and discussing the monetary and and Paul Hellyer, former Secretary for and their own concept of morality." economic reasons for exploring Atlantic fed­ Defense. Material used in sex education classes in eration now. (For his contributions to these At the 1962 Atlantic Convention in Paris some schools across the country rises eye­ three meetings, see respectively FREEDOM & Ambassador Schmidt came to know the seven brows of many adults. One film strip has pa­ UNION for November-December, January Canadian delegates. Drawn from all parties, per cutouts of animals in the act of inter­ and February.) In paying tribute to Will they unanimously proposed that it recom­ course, as well as one picture of a man and Clayton, he noted: mended creation of a "democratica.Ily elected woman facing each other in bed, though "The Atlantic Union idea, that came orig­ legislative and executive apparatus" for with the sheet up to their shoulders. inally from Union Now in 1939, ramified into Atlantica. Except for Mr. Schmidt, no one As heated as it has been, the sex educa­ many different areas-simply because of the championed Atlantic federation there so tion debate is going to get hotter, as efforts need to find mechanisms where. if one thing openly, ardently and eloquen.tly a.s did two are made to extend the program into more didn't work, possibly another might. There of its Canadian members: Patrick Nicholson, school districts. Unfortunately, extremists on have been other organizations developed to a vice president of the Convention, and both sides will continue to cloud the picture do various phases of this work not only in Alastair Stewart, a former M.P. with wild charges and oountercharges. Peo­ this country but in Europe." Canadians have often complained that ple of reason must seek to weed out the Like Will Clayton. Ambassador Schmidt their country has not cast nearly as much extraneous arguments and get down to the is one of the very few who have had an active weight in the world as its possibilities per­ basics of whether or not the schools can, role in all these ramifica tlons. He was one of mitted. This is particularly true as regards and should, provide instruction for youth in the founders of the Atlantic Union Commit­ Atlantica, where Canada is in an enviable this highly sensitive and emotion-filled field tee ( 1949-1962) . and throuf!hout its existence position to play a leading part. Geographical­ of human experience a member of its Executive Committee. When ly, its vast area and immense natural re- 26766 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 sources, lying between the U.S. and the POLITICAL UNITY MOST IMPORTANT foolish as to permit some dictator to deprive U.S.S.R. give it unique strategic importance It seems to me, therefore, that the signifi­ US Of it. to the U.S., and thereby to all Atlantica. cant task before us as delegates to this Con­ It is entirely possible and proper, however, Bordered by the Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic and vention is to aid our governments and our for a majority of us as individuals to transfer Great Lakes, its destiny is as inevitably peoples primarily in the realm of the pollti­ a. portion of the sovereignty we own, and will oceanic as is that of the U.S. and Britain. cal-the most difficult of the three fields. To continue to own, to a new and more inclusive Canada's political resources are no less do this successfully means that all of us as entity if we have decided that such a transfer unique. No other country has such close ties delegates must have a sound understanding will provide us with a greater measure of se­ with the U.S., Britain and the Common­ of the fundamentals which will be inherent curity or prosperity. This is what happened wealt h. No other has a population drawn so in all the discussions and which will precede when the sovereign citizens of New York, predominantly from democracy's Big Three­ any attempts at solution of the problems. Pennsylvania, and Virginia decided to trans­ Britain, France and the U .S.A.--or can equal Some of these fundamentals are such sub­ fer a. portion of the sovereignty they owned Canada's wealth of assets for bringing them jects as anarchy, sovereignty, understanding in foreign, Inilitary, and fiscal affairs to the together, or its powerful incentives to do the difference between league, alliance, con­ U.S.A. in order to secure for themselves and thi-3. No other, save the U.S.A., has the under­ federation and union. their posterity the blessings which that fed­ standing of the nature and advantages of There is a. good body of opinion which eral union conferred upon them. They re­ the federal union answer to Atlantica's holds that the only cause of war ls anar­ tained jurisdiction over all local affairs not Problem No. 1 that comes from practising chy, a. condition in which men try to live specifically transferred to the new federal federation on a vast scale for generations. together without goveT!lment. I know that government. And even the U.S.A. does not have canada's m.any other ca.uses and reasons have been The same kind of transfer of a portion of experience both in federating English and advanced for war such as: Economic rivalry, sovereignty occurred between the citizens of French states, and in combining federalism political rivalry, religious differences, injus­ England and Scotland, of British and French with the parliamentary system, to which all tice, hate and fear, cultural frictions, and Canada, Of the Swiss cantons speaking four the Atlantic peoples except the U.S.A. are population pressures. different languages, of the Italian states af­ accustomed. ter 1861 and of the various German states Yet Canada. has been called Atlantica's EFFECTIVE LAW KEEPS THE PEACE after 1871. In these actions the citizens were "forgotten" nation, largely because of Opera­ These situations, however, occur in every not surrendering their sovereignty but ex­ tion Dumbbell, the plan for organizing the city of the U.S., for example, in every county ercising it. The important distinction we Atlantic Community as a "partnership" be­ and state and between various regions of the must make for the future is not the sur­ tween the U.S.A. and a projected European country. But there is an absence of war. Why? render of sovereignty by the individual gov­ Union. The State Department has long up­ Because the citizens of the U.S. have estab­ ernments, but the further extension of sov­ held this proposal, while opposing even lished effective government among them­ ereignty by the sovereign private citizen. exploration of the alternative, a 15-na.tion selves by means of which these frictions, PATRIOTISM AND SOVEREIGNTY when they result in controversy, ca.n be re­ Atlantic Federal Union. The difficulty in part lies in confusing The authors of Operation Dumbbell left solved by adequate legal machinery, backed up by the police power of representative patriotism with sovereignty. Love of coun­ Canada out of their scheme. They assigned try, love of the land where one ls born, re­ the British Isles to Europe, but they have government. Even effective government can­ not always prevent war, as witness our own spect for the flag as a symbol of national never hinted at where Canada was to be pride and achievement 1s an emotional feel­ fitted in. They could not, of course, give Civil War in 1861. But effective government has kept the peace within nation-state after ing which we must accord to all other na­ Canada to the European partner. Nor could tionals as well as ourselves. It ls basic, fun­ they say they planned to merge Canada with nation-state in the West for a long enough period that we can state categorically­ damental and inherent in all men .... the U.S. And so they left in limbo Canada.­ But patriotism and love of country can re­ the land between the U.S.A. and Russia. where effective government exists there is on the whole an absence of war. main undlmini.shed even after a transfer of In the Atlantic Union alternative, Canada political sovereignty. The Scotchman and the The difficulty is, however, that in the would play a key role in its federal Senate­ Englishman have suffered no loss of patriot­ House balance between the U.S. colossus and Western world, of which Europe.an Russia is a part, anarchy continues to exist be­ ism for their homelands even though they the other NA TO allies. gained a higher allegiance by their transfer tween the various nation-states. If a serious Such are some of the Atlantic-uniting as­ of certain features of their political sov­ sets of Canada, the no longer forgotten ally dispute breaks out between two or more of them for any of the reasons previously listed, ereignty to Great Britain. to which President Nixon has sent Atlantic Contrarywise, it must be said that the one Unionist Schmidt as U.S. Ambassador. war becomes possible and even probable if the frictions have become sufficiently acute, sure way in which we are sacrificing shares because there is no international machinery of citizen sovereignty in all the democracies ScHMIDT'S 1962 SPEECH THAT WON NATO­ by which they can become resolved. Von is by the necessity of submitting to the ex­ WmE OVATION Olausewitz wrote that "war 1s merely the horbitant taxes, the military draft of our sons and their death in battle caused by war and (NoTE.-Fifty speeches, by 50 delegates continuation of politics by other meAnS." ..• from nearly all the 14 NATO nations there, Fortunately, the trend of history has been the threat of future wars. filled the opening public sessions of the abor­ steadily to larger and l·a.rge unit.s of govern­ LEAGUE ALLIANCE, CONFEDERATION, UNION tive Atlantic Convention in Paris in 1962; ment starting with the family, the tribe, The Convention will certainly wish to dis­ the one that future historians will probably the city, the state, and the nation. If we cuss the political mechanisms 1 which man rate highest was delivered by Adolph could bring the nation-states within a natu­ has devised so far in an attempt to minimize Schmidt on Jan. 9. Nothing gives the stature ral geographic region together undea- effec­ or cure the anarchy which we discussed of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada better tive government, such a.<; the democracies earlier. than what he said then-and no one ap­ surrounding the North Atlantic it could be The first ls the league of which the con­ plauded him more enthusiastically than the reasonably predicted that an a.bSence of war temporary example is the U.N.... Leagues Canadian delegation, which outdid the Amer­ between them would result. have always foundered-from the Delian icans in zeal to federate Atlantica. This speech thus also indicates his present oppor­ "SOVEREIGNTY" OFTEN MISUNDERSTOOD League of ancient Greece, to the Concert tunity in Canada. We give here a condensa­ Possibly the greate&t obstacle to the es- · of Europe, to the League of Nations-for tion of it, drawn from the report covering tablishment of effective government among the reason that the participating govern­ all 50 we gave in our Feb./March issue.­ nations is a misunderstanding of the nature ments have refused to grant the League ef­ Editors.) of sovereignty. Ins.istence on complete indi­ fective power.... This new league has been able to per­ If wars are made in the minds of men, vidual sovereignty in international affairs is they can also be prevented in the minds of what ere.ates the anarchy about which we form its principal service to date as an men. And they will most surely not be pre­ have been speaking. Sovereignty and anarchy international debating society and sounding vented by the reduction or control of arms are inseparable. board. This in itself has had tremendous or even total disarmament. World War Ill The great contribution of the American value and should not be min1.mlzed. It has will only be prevented by the creation of Revolution of 1776 was that for the first time been able to put out brush fires such as adequate political machinery among the in Western civilization a written Constitu­ Korea, the Israell-Egyptian dispute, and North Atlantic democracies to enable these tion in 1787 brought forth the idea that not hopefully the Congo when it suited the countries to enforce the peace by an over­ a king, not a prince, not the president, not major powers. whelming unbalance of power on the side the Senate, nor the House of Representatives, The specialized agencies, such as Unesco of freedom. This unbalance of power will not but that the individual citizen was the sov­ and the World Health Organization, have be in the military field alone. It must also ereign. We frequently hear the use of the some remarkable accomplishments to their exist in the economic and political fields. The term "surrender sovereignty." But when it is credit and should be given every encourage­ milltary, economic and political factors are so used, it means that the speaker or writer ment. But so long as the Soviet Union con­ Indivisible and interdependent. The Soviet does not understand the nature of his sov­ tinues its intransigence, and adheres to the Union has not been attacking our Inilitary ereignty. For what is indivisibly yours and basic strategy of world revolution and domi- posture, but has been earnestly trying to mine by the terms of our Constitutions can­ drive wedges into our weakest area-the not be surrendered. In fact, it cannot be 1 In fact, it didn't discuss them, it ad­ political. given away unless we would be collectively so journed after only 10 working days.-Edltors September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26767 nation laid down by the writings of Lenin zens of Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, if we are to be realistic in this difficult war and Stalin, there is no hope that this new and the U.S.! Most important of all for our we are in, we must realize that for the most league can cure the anarchy which exists, understanding today-nothing came from part these countries are liabilities, not assets, or that any of the major democracies would China, India, the Middle East, Africa, and and they will become increasing liabiUties in be willing to transfer any sovereignty to it. most surprising of all, nothing from Latin the years a.head as the population explosion With regret, it must be concluded that if America. compounds their difficulties and decreases we are to develop a working concert of At­ This lends further strength to the con­ stlll further their low standard of living. It lantic nations, we must look elsewhere for cept of the Atlantic Community constituting will only be by uniting the strengths within a model. the heartland of Western Civilization, an NATO that sustained contributions in for­ The second mechanism is the military area which we must nurture and preserve eign aid can be made on a joint basis to the alliance, which is a treaty between two or before all others, because without this At­ underdeveloped countries in amounts which more nations with current like interests lantic Community not much is likely to hap­ are no longer token but which begin to usually providing for mutual assistance ii{ pen in all the rest. approach the need. case of attack. The best contemporary ex­ In this day, the North Atlantic Ocean is UNPARALLELED OPPORTUNITY to us Mare Nostrum. As the Roman world ample is the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza­ We have then in this Convention an un­ tion [NATO]. surrounding the Mediterranean was the world of its day, although other peoples and paralleled challenge and oppo:ritunity. So far Unfortunately, the history of military al­ as I am aware, nothing like this has ever hap­ liances is also replete with failure. In re­ civilizations existed concurrently-so the Atlantic world is the world of our day, al­ pened before. Fifteen governments are asking cent times it is only necessary to recall the though numerous felaheen peoples exist con­ 15 officially appointed delegaitions of its Triple Alliance, the Locarno Pact, and the currently in other parts of the globe. The big citizens to recommend to them what they British-French Alllance preceding World question still remaining-which our work might do to prevent the fiery holocaust of War II. Why have alliances not succeeded? p:nay have some part in d'0termining-is World War III on the one hand and on the The answer given by several political sci­ whether the remainder of Western civiliza­ other how these nations might achieve a entists is that when a chief of state takes tion will be dominated by the Anglo-Saxon much greater measure of security and pros­ his oath of office, he solemnly swears alle­ and Latin or by the Slav? perity than they have ever known before. If giance to his own national sovereignty. When we do our work well, we will be an histor­ crisis strikes in the affairs of the alliance TWO REASONS FOR ATLANTIC UNION ically privileged group. and a confiict of interest develops between In view of these considerations, I believe What will we do? We might go no further the nation and the alliance, the nation that the democracies surrounding the At­ than others and stop with passing a few comes first and the alliance a poor second. lantic must become the nucleus for the next pious resolutions advocating greater unity This is why treaties of alliance have so often great area on the earth's surface to be and improved con$1.lltation in the North been called scraps of papers. brought together under government. Let me Atlantic Council. Or we might go further TWO TYPES OF UNION make it quite clear I am not advocating and recomm.end that the U.S. and Canada world government, which I do not regard as The third mechanism is union, in which join with the U.K., the Six and others in a possible in the foreseeable future beoo.use of further step by step approach in creating an the citizens of two or more states transfer the impossibility of merging democracies a portion of their sovereignt y to form a new Atlantic Economic CommunLty. Or we might with dictatorships, either of the Soviet, or recommend the military and the economic governmental entity. This process should be the Latin America variety, and because of function of the Atlantic Community by familiar to citizens of the U.S.A. because this the widely varying stages of politioal devel­ merging the institution of NATO with the is the form of their federal union. Union is opment of the 100-odd nations in the world. institutions of the European Economic often preceded by confederation, of which But if men set their minds to it, I believe it Community. examples are the Articles of Confederation is possible in this day to do something a!:>out Or we might go st ill further and have the in the U.S. from 1781 to 1789, the German curing the anarchy which exists in the At­ courage and ingenuity to devise a new po­ Confederation of 1815, and the Confederate lantic area. litical mecha.nism which would ensure a States of America from 1861 to 1865. Con­ I believe this is necessary now for two rea­ common foreign policy and a common eco­ federation means a union of sovereign states sons. The first is to prevent future wars nomic policy, as well as a common military in which the stress is laid on the sovereign a.mong ourselves. Unthinkable? Impossible policy, including a NATO court of justice. independence of each constituent body. today? These same words were used in the But this would mean government--con­ Federation implies a union of peoples in summer of 1914 and 1939. If the European federation or federation-which most of us which the stress is laid on the supremacy Economic Community stops at the borders to date refuse to face up to honestly and of the common government. of the European oontinent, or even with realistically. Without government we will The important distinguishing feature be­ Great Britain, I can foresee disruptive and continue to live in anarchy---.and the only tween the league, alliance and union is that divisive economic competition ahead. And cause of war is anarchy. whereas the relationships in the league and I must ask with what countries have our CRISIS OR LEADERSHIP? the alliance are government to government, great wars of the past occurred? With China, in the union they are citizen to citizen. India, the Ar.abs of the Middle East, with Even if we had the courage to recommend what all of us in our hearts must know is WESTERN CIVILIZATION AND ATLANTICA the tribes of Africa, with the countries of Latin America? No, only with the major necessary and essent ial, Lt is my own opinion Arnold Toynbee in his Study of History that government of the Atlantic will finally identified 21 civilizations: 16 are dead, four powers which constitute Western Civiliza­ tion; namely with ourselves. come about only as a result of great crisis or dormant, and only one-the Western is alive, great leadership. But the preparaition, . the dynamic, moving, creative .. . Toynbee found The second reason is that the West must as soon as possible present a fully united plan and the education will have to precede. that those which had died did so because I are sure that what is left of the Atlantic they were incapable of making a successful fronit in the struggle with the Soviet Union and Communist China. The Kremlin's one Comm.unity after World War III would come response to some overwhelming challenge together quickly in government. Why is gov­ which had confronted them. The most fre­ chance of succeeding is demonstrated by their strllltegy-to keep the other countries ernment not possible therefore beforehand? quent one was incessant warfare among the I believe that the Atlantic will be united leading nation-states in the latter stages of of the West divided at all costs. How foolish, either by the voluntary agreement of fre.e the civilization . . .. disgraceful and humlliating it is for us to be men or eventually by force, and so I trust the He suggests that if the West can make a frightened by this threat is demonstrated by recommendations of this Convention will successful response to this challenge of war, the fact thait within the 15 countries con­ be so challenging that they will compel stituting NATO is lodged 75 peroent of the there is no reason why it cannot go on indefi­ serious debate of the major issues immedi­ nitely. If it cannot ... Western Civilization world's productive capacity, as well as 450,- ately. I repeat that for me there is only one must eventually go the way of all its pred­ 000,000 of the world's most creative and issue-freedom vs. tyranny-and on this ecessors . . .. dynamic people-200 million in Canada and issue I hope all delegates can unite In 1954, a study was made of the great the U.S. and 250 million in Europe. unamim.ously. Here is the power, and only such an un­ inventions of the two hundred year period In the ten years ahead, the people of the 2 balance of power in our favor, democratically from 1750 to 1950. To me, this study pro­ West will be taking the fateful decisions vided the most impressive testimon ~ as to controlled, will keep the peace. If this strength in NATO could be put together which will decide whether they and their the creativity and overriding importance of progeny go through a period of tragedy the West as a civilization. In addition to through effective government, it is reason­ able to believe the Kremlin could be com­ and misery, or whether they lead the world technological inventions, political and eco­ into a Golden Age such as mankind has nomic innovations were included. These in­ pelled to engage in productive negotiations regarding the sensitive issues of our day, and never before experienced. Preliminary studies ventions numbered 1,012 and with the ex­ of an Atlantic Common Market have indi­ ception of 22 from European Russia, 67 from thereby cure what Toynbee has called "a sohism in Western Ohristendom." cated the gains would be so substantial that the smaller Atlantic democracies, and 12 they would readily offset the small losses scattered, all the rest--911-came from citi- TO HELP THE UNDERDEVELOPED which would be encountered in certain We wish all the underdeveloped countries sectors. The potentialities already foreseen 2 Freedom Against Itself, by Clarence K. and all neutrals to be our friends, and for defy the imagination. Streit, Harper & Brothers, New York, New humanitarian and Christi&n reasons we wish The outcome will be a reflection of our York, p. 239. to do everything possible to help them. But genius as a people and as a civillzation, of 26768 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 our conscious and subconscious and of our railroad industry, that the American The above-mentioned material fol­ very souls. It will test the depths of our public expects the safe and efficient pas­ lows: materialism and of our spirituality and find senger service which the law clearly calls STATEMENT BY COMMANDER IN CHIEF RAY­ out which will take the ascendancy. We-the for. MOND GALLAGHER ON THE RELEASE OF AMER­ delegates to this Convention--can do much ICAN PRISONERS BEING HELD BY NORTH to infiuence our peoples to reach and correct VIETNAM AND THE VIETCONG decisions by making recommendations which we ourselves can respect and which we know CONCERN FOR VIETNAM WAR I speak for every member of the Vet­ can honestly help lead the way to the Golden PRISONERS erans of Foreign Wars and the Ladies Aux­ Age ahead [Prolonged applause.] iliary when I say to wives of American prisoners of war who are here this morning HON. JAMES R. MANN and to all the families of all those now OF SOUTH CAROLINA being held prisoners, that no task is more saicred than the one we are now under­ THE ICC SHOULD ACT TO PROTECT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES taking to help those American prisoners now THE PUBLIC INTEREST Wednesday, September 17, 1969 being held by North Vietna;m and the Viet Mr. MANN. Mir. Speaker, in 1957 North Cong. I do not underestim..a.te the problem. In HON. JAMES J. HOWARD Vietnam signed the Geneva Convention America, our ideals are based on the inherent OF NEW JERSEY of 1949, guaranteeing the basic humani­ goodness of man. The North Vietnamese and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tarian conduct of prisoner-of-war mat­ Viet Cong rejeot any kind of ideals. They ters. Recent revelations by released pris­ do not respect truth nor man's dignity. In Tuesday, September 23, 1969 oners of war from the north show that America we believe in helping our neighbors Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, the the Hanoi regime flagrantly and delib­ in need-those next door and those living erately ignores those agreements. Typical in distant lands. The North Vietnamese and charge is often made that regulatory Viet Cong do not. In America we believe agencies are really the captives of the in­ of their forked-tongue philosophy, the in liberty with justice. We believe in fair dustry they are supposed to regulate. The North Vietnamese claim that American play. Those who hold our prisoners have recent decision of the Interstate Com­ prisoners are well treated. Our evidence no such beliefs. merce Commission in the Sunset Limited is that these claims are false. Secretary But the North Vietnamese and the Viet Adequacies case gives credence to this of Defense Melvin R. Laird recently Cong respect power and strength. In the charge. The ICC, voting 7 to 2, overruled asked that North Vietnam: past they have responded to world opinion. its hearings examiner and said that it did First. Identify prisoners whom they Here is where the Veterans of Foreign not have the authority to set standards hold. Wars can be helpful. Over the years, we Second. Release the seriously sick and have fought to defend the ideals and lib­ of service for passenger trains. erty of many veterans. We represent the Th's amazing and unfortunate deci­ injured. grassroots of American idealism. Now we sion, which in my opinion flies in the face Third. Permit impartial inspections of must rely on those nations that we have of the clear language of the Commerce all prisoner-of-war facilities. helped to help us. This we can and we will Act, will allow the railroads to continue Fourth. Permit the free exchange of do. their policy of systematically downgrad­ mail. We will seek to identify those persons now Mr. Speaker, previously I have joined being held; we will seek the immediate re­ ing passenger trains in order to drive lease of the injured and the ill; we will call passengers away. This policy inflates the with my colleagues in a strong statement regarding the treatment of American for an inspection of prison facilities; we passenger deficit, and allows the railroad will ask for an exchange of letters between to claim the passenger has deserted the prisoners of war in North Vietnam and prisoners and their families. We will help trains. Did he desert or was he deliber­ in cosponsoring House Concurrent Reso­ our government in any way we can. ately driven away? The metroliner cer­ lution 334 condemning the treatment of Within the next few days, I will announce tainly proves that a good, modern train our POW's by the Government of North specific plans for our helping our American will be heavily patronized. Vietnam. We know that the North Viet­ prisoners. Meanwhile, I wish to assure every namese place great stock in the mood of wife, child, mother and father that you can There is one extraordinary statement the American public. In fact, they try count on us to do all we can. God willing, in the ICC's decision which I would like to change American opinion through our efforts will prove helpful. to bring to my colleagues' attention: propaganda. It is possible, therefore, that Implicit in a common carrier's duty to an expression of outrage on the part of RESOLUTION No. 381 furnish transportation upon reasonable re­ quest therefor is the duty to provide a rea ­ the American public over the treatment For Secretary General U Thant's assistan~e sonably adequate level of service. The rail­ given to our servicemen held captive to release American prisoners of war roads concede that section 1 ( 4 ) incorporates would cause the Communists to improve Whereas, North Vietnam holds thousands into the statute carrier obligations under conditions. I think we should back our of American prisoners; and common law, and, though this commission Government's efforts and seek to bring Whereas, North Vietnam arrogantly re­ does not have the jurisdiction to enforce pressure on North Vietnam from all pos­ fuses to provide any information on Amer­ t hose obligations, that the common law re­ sible sources both at home and around ican prisoners, including even naming those quired a common ca rrier to provide safe and the world in demanding that this bar­ whom they have captured, in callous dis­ efficient service to the travelling public. regard of long-established international baric and inhumane treatment stop. rules and all efforts by the International What this amazing piece of double­ Possibly the greatest cruelty of all is Red Cross and other groups and govern­ talk means is that the ICC thinks that the refusal of Hanoi to release the names ments to visit and inspect North Vietnamese the railroads have a clear obligation to of prisoners so that hundreds, possible prison camps to determine if they are meet­ "provide safe and efficient service to the thousands, of American families are kept ing the minimum standards of care and travelling public" but the Commission waiting, not knowing whether loved ones treatment embodied in the Geneva Conven­ tion; and refuses to use its authority to insure that are dead or alive. Whereas, basic information is being with­ the railroads live up to this obligation. Because of the forceful and courageous held by North Vietnam on the health and To me this is an abdication of its re­ position on this issue recently taken by well being of these men; and sponsibility to protect the public inter­ the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the Whereas, the prisoners deserve the best est. The ICC must be more than a mech­ United States, at their 70th national con­ efforts of all mankind to relieve the agony anism for granting freight rate increases. vention, and because of my confidence in of prison camps; and It should take an active role in protect­ this organization, having once served as Whereas, there is unbearable suffering by ing the forgotten man of transporta­ State commander for the State of South the wives and families of men who are pris­ tion-the rail passenger. Since the ICC Carolina, I insert a statement by the oners or are listed as missing; and VFW's new commander in chief, Ray Whereas, Secretary General U Thant of refuses to acknowledge that it has au­ the United Nations and the leaders of many thority over passenger service standards Gallagher, of South Dakota, and a reso­ nations, including some with communist under present law, as I and many others lution passed by the 70th national con­ governments have expressed a hope that the believe it does, I think that Congress vention which was held in Philadelphia, world organization and the individual lead­ should swiftly pass clarifying legislation, Pa., on August 21, 1969. Both the state­ ers of nations can help bring peace and making it doubly clear that they do have ment by Mr. Gallagher and the resolu­ harmony in southeast Asia; and this power. In this way, the Congress will tion represent grassroots thinking in this Whereas, communist ruled nations have make clear to the Commission and to the country. expressed a desire to take any steps that September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26769 would bring about detente between east and 20th, 1969, that we urge the President and a postal standpoint, this kind of growth west to ease the effects of polarization of the the Congressmen of the United States to means just one thing: more mail. world's major social systems; now, there­ prohibit further entry of communist prop­ Industrial expansion, economic prosperity fore aganda material to be distributed by the and population explosion have caused Be it resolved, by the 70th National Con­ U.S. mails. enormous increases in mail volume. vention of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of Attest: In the last 10 years volume for the United the United States, that President Nixon and FRANK W. CHAMBERS, States has increased by a staggering 23 bil­ Secretary of State Rogers demand that the Department Adjutant. lion pieces. We now process some 84 billion Secretary General of the United Nations use pieces of mail per year, more than 200 mil­ the full power of his office to have North lion pieces every day. Vietnam identify all American prisoners and It is no wonder that your city needed a to expedite relief for these prisoners, that POSTAL REFORM-TODAY'S NEED new post office. The facility recently vacated they pe treated in accordance with the Ge­ was occupied over 50 years ago. neva convention, and to mobili2"Je world-wide I wish I could say that this beautiful new opinion for their immediate release. HON. GILBERT GUDE building marks the end of Germantown's need for increased postal space. But I have OF MARYLAND reservations. If the growth rate continues IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES at its current pace, it will not be too many FIGHT AGAINST COMMUNISM Tuesday, September 23 , 1969 years before this facility will be outgrown. Why is that? Mr. GUDE. Mr. Speaker, there is prob­ How did we get so far behind in this Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY ably no department of our vast govern­ race between plant and product? What hap­ pened to us? OF MISSISSIPPI mental establishment which has a closer relation to the citizen than the postal The answer is that there is nothing unu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES service. Likewise, there is probably no sual in this kind of delay. What we have here Tuesday, September 23, 1969 is an inevitable consequence of the system branch of the Government which has under which we operate. It's what happens Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, I more demands placed upon it. Over the when you take six-seven-eight years and would like to share the following two years the Post Office Department has even longer to get a new building. resolutions passed by the Department of made many technological improvements It's what happens when you have to com­ Mississippi of the American Legion in in an attempt to keep pace with the pete with other, non-postal priorities for July of this year. The first resolution growing needs of a rapidly increasing funds. population and the demand of our soci­ We as postal officials have too many cooks respectfully requests the President and and too little control over our own spending. Congress to take steps to cease trade be­ ety and its economy. Postal construction is not the only area in tween the United States and Com­ However, the political structure of our which our spending authority is limited. We munistic-bloc that are supplying North postal system today has restricted the have trouble getting enough money to pro­ Vietnam. The second resolution requests Post Office Department's ability to adopt vide adequate training for our employees, that steps be taken to stop the flow of the operating improvements of which our for example, Actually, we have no authority Communist propaganda through the Nation is capable in this age of success­ at all to say how much our employees shall U.S. mails. The resolutions read as ful moon landings. earn-and many of them make less than The postal reform legislation, H.R. people in industry performing similar or less follows: important services. A RESOLUTION 11750, which I am cosponsoring and rec­ Whenever we want to build a post office Whereas, the Soviet Union and its satel­ ommended by the President, will correct or buy a truck or hire new employees, we lites in Eastern Europe are supplying 80 per­ this. It will provide for a modern, well­ know that these requests will be considered cent or more of the military hardware and equipped, and well-managed postal serv­ in light of our nation's Defense needs, its other strategic materials needed by North ice in the form of a Government-owned, health and urban requirements and even its Vietnam to carry on its aggression against postal service corporation operated by a priorities for getting to the moon. South Vietnam; and board of directors and full-time man­ This is a strange way to run a service as Whereas, this support of North Vietnam agers, much the way modern corpora­ big as the United States post office. This year, by the Soviet-bloc countries is prolonging we're going to take in more th.an $6 billion the war and is the principal cause of the tions are organized. in receipt&--sales are booming, along with continuing high death rate among American Last Saturday at the Germantown, the rest of the economy-and we won't have servicemen in Vietnam; and Md., post office dedication I heard an the authority to touch a penny of it. Whereas, The American Legion insists that excellent presentation of the real need I have no intention of laying blame here. the United States must do everything in its and reasons for postal reform. Mr. But even if I wanted to, I don't t;h.ink I could. power to support its fighting men; and Speaker, I would like to share with my It is certainly not the employees' fault; Whereas, continued trade between the colleagues the following remarks of John they have been doing a heroic task consider­ United States and any communist country ing the staggering workload and the ina.de­ that ls helping to supply North Vietnam is W. Duchesne, Director, Engineering and Facilities Division of the Washington q uate too1s and working conditions under an affront to the American men who must which they labor. perform duty in the defense of South Viet­ Region, U.S. Post Office Department: It is certainly not the Postmasters. They nam; now, therefore, be it REMARKS OF JOHN W. DUCHESNE have had most of the responsibility but vir­ Resolved, by The American Legion, Depart­ Good afternoon: Congressman Gude, Post­ tually none of the authority to manage their ment of Mississippi, in regular annual con­ master Leaman, Reverend Clergy, Fellow post offices. It is certainly not our people at vention assembled in Jackson, Mississippi, Postal Employees and Ladies and Gentlemen. the Regional Hea dquarters or the Post Office July 18th-20th, 1969, that The American It is a pleasure to join with you today in Department. Seldom have I met a more Legion urges the President and the Congress inaugurating Germantown's bright new post knowledgeable group or more dedicated, hard of the United States to prohibit further office into service. After seeing the old facili­ working individua.ls. Many of them came trade between the United States and any ties, I feel sure you will agree when I say that from poo.t offices and have worked themselves communist country that is providing assist­ it's not a moment too soon. Germantown, like up the ladder to Regional HeadquarteTS or ance of any form to North Vietnam. Attest: so many growing, expanding communities, the Department. Their ability and their de­ badly needs its post office. Postmaster Lea­ votion to the postal service is unquestioned. FRANK W. CHAMBERS, man was telling me that mail volume in And it ceruµnily is not the public, or the Department Adjutant. 1959 was about 2000 pieces a week; just Congress. I have been deeply impre5Sed with 10 years ago. the commitment and the competence of the A RESOLUTION This new building we dedicate today will members of Congress and their staffs who Whereas, it is the purpose of the American handle about 9000 pieces a day. In 1959 just look after the post office. Their knowledge Legion to promote and carry out activities 5 persons worked for the Germantown post of the post.al service, their exhe.ustive study, t hat will strengthen this republic; and office. This new building will easily accom­ their continuing efforts in behalf of the Whereas, it is not in the best interest of modate the 10 employees now assigned. At postal establishment are· absolutely out­ the United States to have Communist prop­ last we are giving Germantown's postal em­ standing. aganda material flood our country, partic­ ployees the space they need to do their job. consider what Congress is confronted with. ularly at United States taxpayers expense, Considering the spiraling increase in work­ Often, the choice is between building a post some going unsolicited by mail to student load, we are barely in time. office or putting the money into a badly organizations; now, therefore, be it This community is riding the crest of needed school building or hospital or buy­ Resolved, by the American Legion, Depart­ expansion in population and industry. It is ing military equipment that would help pro­ ment of Mississippi, in State Convention as­ a phenomenon we're seeing in a great tect the lives of our men in Viet Nam or else­ sembled in Jackson, Mississippi, July 18th- number of our American communities. From where in the world. Given these difficult al- 26770 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 rernatives, it is understandable that the post We would hope to attract to the top Postal one by the first two. The decision of that office sometimes comes out second best in Service positions the best managerial talent special panel would be final and binding on the contest for Federal appropriations. that America can provide. We would gather labor and management alike. There is no simple answer here. into their hands all the authority necessary The reform act would grant the U.S. Postal What is wrong obviously is deeply, intri­ to run the best possible mail service. We Service authority to sell bonds amounting cately embedded in the heart of the postal would assure them that they will be judged to $10 b11lion over a period of years. With system. by their work, not their political affiliation. that money, we could build better post offices The wrong is at the roots of the postal es­ And finaly we would remind them that they faster without the red tape and delay that tablishment and no half-way measures are are expected to have postal operations on a has been so prevalent in the past. going to reach it. If we are going to get at self-sustaining basis in five years. We would be able to equip our post offices what ails the postal service, we will need a Then, I assure you we'd find out how you with modern labor-saving devices. We would total reform of the system. run the best possible postal service. Man­ be able to increase productivity by giving our Our President says that he convinced the agement would be able to ask for the postal employees the proper tools. Postmaster General to take the job only after rate changes it feels necessary. But mail The savings could amount to billions. If he promised to support Mr. Blount's efforts users and the public would be protected by we can find more efficient ways to move the to give Americans the best possible mail serv­ a Panel of Rate Commissioners responsible mails without hiring those 300,000 additional ice. to the seven Postal Service directors alone. people I mentioned, we would free billions of And the President has provided that sup­ Professional, expert rate commissioners dollars that could be used for the benefit of port. When the decision was made to give up would hold hearings on rate requests, receiv­ employees and patrons alike. patronage and to take politics out of post­ ing testimony from anyone who wanted to be Better wages to match better productivity. master appointments, the President himself heard. After due deliberation, the rate com­ Better facilities for patrons to frequent stepped forward to make the announcement. missioners would make their report to the and for employees to work in. And most of all, Now that the Administration has decided seven board members, who could adopt the better mail service for the American public. to ask for total postal reform-reorganiza­ change, reject it or modify it. This is the stake that the people of the tion along the lines of a government corpo­ Even after that review, Congress would re­ United States have in postal reorganization. ration-the President again lent the full tain a final veto on proposed rate changes. This is your challenge we're talking about, dignity and prestige of his office to that un­ Congress would have 60 days in which it your opportunity, your postal service. dertaking. might reject a rate increase by concurrent Study our proposal. Think it over. Then After Mr. Blount read the report of the resolution of both houses. decide for yourself what kind of mail serv­ Kappel Commission, which last year recom­ Our employees would achieve their long ice you want. mended a thorough reorganization, he con­ sought goal of union recognition by law. One final thoughtr---postal reorganization ducted his own extensive studies of the postal They would be empowered for the first time would give us the authority we badly need establishment. He became convinced that in history to bargain collectively for wages, to raise large sums of money for capital im­ complete reform-and nothing short of fringe benefits and working conditions. provements, for buildings, like this one, for thatr---was absolutely necessary. For the first time, employee unions would which you at Germantown have waited so And that is what we are proposing. have a direct say in the matters which are long. I'm sure this modern postal plant will We must cut through the jungle of re­ most important to their members. serve you well. And I know your Postmaster strictive custom and regulation which ham­ In addition, employees at all levels-su­ Leaman and her employees will continue to pers the effective operation of the postal pervisory as well as rank and file-will enjoy refiect credit on the Postal Service. the protection of a "comparability" clause re­ It ls with a since of pride and accomplish­ service. ment that I dedicate this new post office, If we don't, we'll have to hire an additional quiring the U.S. Postal Service to maintain 300,000 people by 1981; more than one million pay and fringe benefits on a par with those symbolizing, as it does, the continuing persons then would be working for the post for comparable levels of work in the non­ progress of Germantown, Maryland, and its Federal sector. Postal Service employees people. office. Thank you. If we don't we'll have deficits far bigger would continue to be covered by the Civil than the $1.2 billion worth we expect this Service Retirement System as they are now. year. There would be no change here. No one will If we don't, we'll be faced with the same lose his job because of postal reorganization. cycle of inefficient operations, increasing Post Office Employees automatically would MARYLAND MARINE, ARMY PRI­ costs, and overcrowded facilities in the face become employees of the new U.S. Postal VATES KILLED IN VIETNAM WAR of constant, relentless, overwhelming in­ Service. The new enterprise would be re­ crease in mail. quired to provide meaningful opportunities After a while, we won't even be able to for advancement and more training for em­ HON. CLARENCE D. LONG duck any more. There won't be any place ployees. Political considerations in promo­ OF MARYLAND tions or in any personnel action would be to run. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES SO we are meeting the whole challenge prohibited. Employees at all levels would have head on, right now. the opportunity to get ahead based on what Tuesday, September 23, 1969 they know, not who they know. Seniority The Postal Service Act Of 1969 would re­ Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, organize the postal service along the lines rights would be protected by labo- contract, of a government-owned corporate entity. The and under the U.S. Postal Service, every em­ Pfc. Mark H. Ward and Pfc. Raymond new U.S. Postal Service, as it would be called, ployee would be guaranteed a right to be Ligons, two fine young men from Mary­ would be required to serve as nearly as pos­ beard before any disciplinary action might land, were recently killed in Vietnam. I sible the entire population of the United be taken against him. wish to commend their courage and States. Postal unions would be extended the bene­ honor their memory by including the fol­ And, it would be under mandate to oper­ fits of the nation's major labor laws. In only lowing article in the RECORD: ate on a self-sustaining basis after five years one significant respect would postal unions of its inception. We think that the mail serv­ differ from those in private industry. They MARINE, ARMY PRIVATES KILLED IN VIETNAM ice should pay for itself and that all mailers would not have the right to strike. I do not WAR should pay their fair share of the cost. believe that the public would tolerate a post A former Douglass High School basketball The U.S. Postal Service would remain a office strike and I do not think that people player, who would have been 19 Monday, and government agency-the public interest re­ should be expected to tolerate it. The mails a 23-year-old Baltimore Army draftee, have quires tha.tr---but it would no longer be are too vital to too many people to suffer been killed in Vietnam, the Department of treated like an executive Department. disruption of a strike. Retired persons, vet­ Defense announced yesterday. The Postmaster General would be removed erans, anyone who rents or buys a dwelling They were Marine PFC Mark H. Ward, the from the Cabinet. The new U.S. Postal Serv­ or has insurance; in short, virtually every­ son of Mrs. Joan Ward Patrick, of 2974 Wood­ ice would be run by a board of directors body in the country is immediately concerned brook avenue; and Army PFC Raymond which would have full management author­ with the malls. We recognize, however, that Ligons, the son of Mrs. Rose Lee Ligons, of ity. there must be an equitable way of settling 1631 Thomas avenue. Seven board members, including the chair­ negotiating disputes, a method that ls fair Private Ward, in Vietnam since May, was man, would be appointed by the President and just in the best interest of labor and killed Tuesday when he was struck by mortar with the consent of the Senate. They would management and the nation as a whole. fragments while in a signal post near Da be the directors, representing the general We have provided for such a means in the Nang. public. The board would employ the chief form of an independent, outside Postal Dis­ Private Ligons was killed August 15 during executive and the chief operating officer who putes Panel. The Panel's function is to see an enemy mortar and rocket attack on his would become members of the board and that all such disputes are settled con­ camp near Saigon. who would serve as full-time top managers. clusively. A native of Baltimore, Private Ward joined The intention here is to provide for con­ As an ultimate resort, if all other effor.ts the Marine Corps in September, 1968, after tinuity of management, a condition that ls fail to resolve a disagreement, the Panel may being graduated from Douglass High School. essential to efficient operations. In the recent refer the matter to binding arbitration by a. Mrs. Patrick said her son enlisted after past, Postmasters General have changed special body of three members-one ap­ she was unable to persuade him to go to every two and half years or so. pointed by management, one by labor and College. September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26771 He did his basic training at Parris Island, merely an invasion). I saw the desperate Old Testament scholar who has just been S.C., and Camp LeJeune, N.C. resistance of bodies versus tanks. I saw ma­ permitted to preach after a silence of more In addition to his mother, his survivors chine guns mowing down two young meD than 15 years. The church was packed with include a brother, John Patrick, and two sis­ carrying a flag. I felt the horror and help­ a standing congregation overflowing into the ters, Pamela and Anastasia Patrick, all at lessness of an occupied city. I crawled out to street, many of them children familiarly tak­ home, and his paternal grandfather, Holten freedom through a gap in the rapidly de­ ing part in the liturgy. Ward, of Baltimore. scending iron curtain. Behind me 14 miilion The same Sunday morning in a Lutheran A member of the 1st Air-Cavalry, Private people were weeping. church a 25-year-old university graduate Ligons had been in Vietnam since February. This year there wa.s an opportunity to re­ made his confession of faith at the main He was drafted in September, and served turn: to study, to observe, to share, to make service. at Fort Bragg, S.C., and Fort Pope, La. comparisons. What does a year of occupation Having had no religious training in his life, A tWin brother, Randy Ligons, who was also do to a highly cultured, creative, and skilled this young man began attending church serv­ drafted into the Army, returned from Viet­ nation? ices and told the pastor: "I've found what nam last December. He was wounded in ac­ A week before the anniversary of the occu­ I've been looking for. How do I become a tion in March, 1968. pation any visitor could see the contrast. Christian?" He was instructed and then told Private Ligons was born in Baltimore, but Faces had become as gray and gloomy as the that he could be received into membership grew up in Wilson, N.C., being graduated crumbling buildings. One felt guilty taking either privately or in a public service. He from the high school there. He was living picture. strangers were suspected. Practic­ insisted on the public reception. in Baltimore when he was inducted. ally every slogan in the country had been When the time came for the candidate In addition to his mother and brother, painted over. to recite the Apostles' Creed, the pastor began Private Ligons is survived by his stepfather, But subsurface signs of resistance were to cue him on the words, but the young man Edward J. Ligons, of 1828 West Mosher street; still around. Numerous store windows boldly raised his voice and spoke the confession by five other brothers, Robert A. Wright, of displayed pictures of Alexander Dubcek and himself. The congregation was moved to tears Lucama, N.C., Edward Ligons, Jr., Stephen Ludvik Svoboda. Across the side of an apart­ by the decision that might jeopardize the Ligons, Vincent Ligons, and Timothy Ligons, ment building in a resort city, in 3-foot-high young man's career. all at home; and his maternal grandmother, letters, the passing motorist could read : In recent months the church has been Mrs. Louis Hinnant, of Wilson, N.C. "Dubcek and Svoboda: Our Nation's Heroes." faced with another new situation. Children These were the memorials that faced monu­ are being brought for Baptism from the age ment after monument dedicated to their of 3 to 10 because the parents had previously Russian liberators in 1944. been afraid to have them baptized in infancy. CZECHOSLOVAKIA-A NATION IN I went to pay my respects at the spot where Lutheran seminary enrollment has risen PRISON three young people were killed last year. I from 13 five years ago to 70 for the coming was surprised to find a stone plaque on a school year. An Old Testament and a New wall of the building inscribed: "Near thiS Testament scholar are back at the seminary HON. M. G. . (GENE) SNYDER place Margita Kosanova, Stanislav Sivak and teaching after a lapse of nearly two decades. Captain Jan Holik died tragically on August OF KENTUCKY Elementry school children are now given 21, 1968." Fresh flowers appeared daily in the released time for religious education. Youth IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES flower box beneath the plaque. As I passed work has resumed in the past year with en­ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 that corner on Aug. 23, six armed guards sur­ thusiastic response from a generation that rounded the plaque. Another cluster of sol­ had no formal religious training in the Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, as many diers stood before a second memorial plaque church. Church-youth rallies have been of America's prescient and short-re­ several blocks away where Pete Legner "died drawing up to 200 participants. membering critics turn to assail the tragically." Though the "paper shortage" still prevents United States anew-and ignore Com­ It was at these two squares that crowds of the church from publishing more than two several hundred people gathered on the eve­ periodicals, both Roman Catholics and Lu­ munist aggression worldwide-I think it ning of Aug. 21 to commemorate what un­ a shame that the vivid horor of the rape therans are cheered by the prospect of a derground leaflets called their "day of new ecumenical translation of the Bible by of Czechoslovakia has slipped from sta­ shame." When people approached the memo­ scholars and poets from both communions tus in the public outrage. The following rials with dozens of bouquets of flowers, the under the sponsorship of a national pub­ is an article which appeared in the Sep­ armored cars arrived, and tear-gas canisters lisher. tember 7, 1969, issue of the Lutheran were thrown into the crowd. Only this time We wondered about the theology in the Witness Reporter-Missouri synod-by the soldiers were their own, under strict state church. The theologians are well ac­ Pastor Jaroslav Vajda, who witnessed orders to prevent any incidents. quainted with Barth, Bultmann, and Bon­ :firsthand the brutal suppression of the This was taking place in Bratislava, the hoeffer, as they are with Cox and Hamilton, capital of Slovakia, the eastern part of the but the practical theology of the pastors serv­ first sp!:trk of Czech freedom on August now federated Socialist Republic of Czecho­ ing the 820 congregations and 65 preaching 21, 1968. I hope that this article will re­ slovakia. There the demonstrations were more stations is more conservative than that of mind all of us just what kind of enemy restrained than in Prague, though the re­ most Lutheran pastors in America. we face-and what the consequences of sentment and bitterness of the Slovaks was Problems facing the church there are appeasement are. no less than that of the Czechs. somewhat similar, somewhat different. Secu­ The article follows: I asked, "Why the difference?" Someone larism and materialism are constant chal­ said: "Look at the map. Slovakia borders on CZECHOSLOVAKIA-A NATION IN PRISON lenges. State-approved abortion demands a Russia and serves as a buffer between Russia policy and procedure from the church (in (By Jaroslav Vajda.) and Bohemia. Russia would be only too Bohemia last year abortions outnumbered I wept in Czechoslovakia on Aug. 21. Not happy to find an excuse to annex Slovakia births). Growing food and building-material just from the tear gas thrown into crowds into the Soviet Union. Now at least we have shortages, black-market activity, and eco­ of innocent bystanders by jittery police and enough sovereignty to suppress ourselves. In nomic and working restrictions confront the soldiers. I wept inside as I she.red for 2 weeks the Soviet Union all hope for the future average Christian with overwhelming tempta­ the futmty and despair of a nation in prison. would be gone." tions to dishonesty. The occupation creates At the same time last year I caught the I had gone to Czechoslovakia to study the a paralyzing and faith-destroying despair last 6 days of their "spring of freedom." At situation in the church rather than politics, among the strongest Christians. that time it was hard to believe that one although one soon discovers that the latter I asked: "What does the Christian church was in a communist country. The borders affects the former in many ways. Surpris­ have to offer people in a socialist country were open, people were free to speak and ingly, the people have had more religious where all physical needs are provided?" criticize and travel. The atmosphere was than political freedom in the past year, The pastor thought hard and long. Finally charged with excitement. Everywhere people thanks chiefly to Dr. Erika Kadlecova, direc­ he answered: "I suppose love, hope, and moved with initiative; their creative powers tor of the government Office of Religious Af­ integrity." were liberated; they willingly worked Satur­ fairs. Within the last week, however, unoffi­ I knew-as his parishioners do-that these days without pay; they offered their good cial reports say she has been removed from were no empty platitudes. Christ had sus­ jewelry and spectacle frames for national re~ her post. This may mean new restrictions on tained him with these giftt though half a construction projects; they walked their the churches. lifetime of affliction that woUld bave broken streets erect and smiling; they left their For the past 2 years both the Roman Cath­ the spirit of anyone who lacked them. country only to take a vacation, eager to re­ olic Church, which comprises some 75 percent turn to make up for lost time. Even then of the Slovak population, and the Lutheran It was this man who could not believe there was a sense of foreboding, as Russia Church with 17 percent (some 450,00 per­ that American Chrtsti'MlB are ready to ex­ and their other a.Illes made menacing mili­ sons), have been enjoying the relaxation of change the concept of judgment and heaven tary moves all around their borders. restrictions and the amnesty of numerous for universalism aind a preoccupation with During the early morning hours of Aug. 21, priests, pastors, and seminary professors. life on earth. Such a theology, he said, would 1968, I saw the country brutally occupied One Sunday morning I heard a profound offer them no hope or justice in their situa­ (they insist on calling it an occupation, not and impressive sermon by a Roman Catholic tion. 26772 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1!)6 9 "One good thing has oome out of the oc­ for the Congress. I, for one, find that summer ADEQUACY OF RAIL PASSENGER cupation," one man told me. "It has united interns are a most valuable asset to my SERVICE the nation as it has never been united before. office, that we all learn from the experience, No less than 95 percent of the population and I regret that I am unable to offer them disagrees With the new order. Only a handful any compensation because my entire clerk­ of people are in control, and they must retort hire allotment is needed for my regular staff. HON. HENRY B. GONZALEZ to police power and brute terror to keep it. I sincerely hope that this House will recog­ OF TEXAS But they have neither the love nor the nize the folly of its ways before next summer. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES loyalty of their own people. And they know it." Tuesday, September 23, 1969 The unity was visible in many ways. MOSlt Mr. GONZALEZ. Mr. Speaker, I have of all in their memory of the spring that JUNIOR OLYMPIC SWIM MEET long been concerned about the adequacy died and in their determination to survive of the rail passenger service in the their crucifixion. There were tears in the eyes of my new HON. JOHN 0. MARSH, JR. United States. In 1964 I sought to gain friends as we parted. My last words to them the consent of Congress for the estab­ OF VIRGINIA were: "God be with you." Theirs, still echo­ lishment of a multistate authority to ing in my ears: "Pray for us. Pray for us." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES modernize, coordinate, and foster pas­ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 senger rail transportation in the States of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Cali­ Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, I should fornia. At the time I had hopes that LEGISLATIVE APPROPRIATIONS like to bring to the attention of my col­ these Southwestern States would link up BILL leagues of the House that on July 11 and with passenger lines in Mexico, and solve 12, 1969, in the historic city of Winches­ the chronic weakness of the railway sys­ ter, Va., of my district, the 1969 Virginia tem in this section of the country. I con­ HON. OGDEN R. REID Amateur Athletic Union Junior Oympic tinued my efforts toward this end in OF NEW YORK Swim Meet was held. Some 700 young the 89th Congress as well. In the 90th IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES swimmers, from the ages of 7 to 17, rep­ Congress I turned to more comprehen­ resenting swim clubs and groups from Tuesday, September 23, 1969 sive legislation as did many of my col­ the entire State, competed in a total of leagues, urging that the Secretary of Mr. REID of New York. Mr. Speaker, 98 swimming events. Transportation be allowed to make a full I was not present last Friday for the Sponsored locally by the Teen Age Club and complete investigation and study of consideration of the legislative appro­ and Recreation Department of Winches­ the potential of rail transportation, and priation bill because of a hearing on drug ter, and nationally by the Quaker Oats that the Interstate Commerce Commis­ abuse legislation in Indiana that had Co., the meet represented some of the sion should exercise its authority to pre­ been scheduled for some time. Had I most outstanding achievements of our vent any further discontinuance or aban­ been present, however, I would have youth. It is encouraging to see these donment of railroad passenger service voted for the amendment to strike the young people engaged in athletics. Their while this investigation and study was $2 million item for the west front of performance at these events reflects a under way. Unfortunately this legislation the Capitol, providing only $100,000 in­ great deal of dedication and hard work to did not pass into law and the dis­ stead for that purpose. I also intended reach the level of excellence demanded mantling of railroad passenger service to support the amendment providing by the competition here. The fine young continued. funds for the summer intern program. athletes who took part in these events The unfortunate trend of dismantling I had prepared a statement on these not only inspired their contemporaries, this service has affected many cities. The points and, in the interest of a complete but made an older generation proud also. Texas Eagle, owned by the Missouri Pa­ record on the subject, I would like to The Winchester meet is a graphic ex­ cific Railway, is one such case which will insert at this time my prepared remarks ample of the competence, character, and be affecting my district. The train route on the legislative appropriations bill of ability of the young American athlete. originates in St. Louis and goes all the 1969: This is indicated by the performance of way to Laredo, Tex. At one time it used LEGISLATIVE APPROPRIATIONS BILL those who won the different events. In to provide sleepers, and connected with Mr. Chairman, on several past occasions, fact, 98 records were broken, including Mexico passenger railways. Today there I have spoken on this floor in opposition to one national record. is an application before the Interstate the current plans for rebuilding and expand­ We must, however, not merely pay Commerce Commission to discontinue ing the West Front of the Capitol and I did tribute to those who participate in the this service from Longview, Tex., to so most recently only last week. My point is events themselves. There are so many simple: the West Front of the Capitol should Laredo. In some of the Texas cities this simply be restored to its original form, others standing behind their successes will mark the end of their passenger strengthening structural weaknesses where that we must also applaud these "back­ service. necessary. It should not be extended or ex­ stage" workers including the coaches In 1958, it was reported that a total panded or cluttered with cafeterias, barber­ who demanded only the best from their of 858 intercity trains had disappeared shops, movie theaters, offices and other facili­ swimmers and, especially, we must con­ within 10 years. Strangely enough, it ties which, if necessary, should be located gratulate the parents, always supporting was the train management that was elsewhere. This is the position of the Ameri­ their children with encouragement, win can Institute of Architects; it is the only eager to do away with passenger service sensible position from the point of view of or lose. Mr. Jim Barnett, supervisor of so as to be free to make money on history and from the point of view of the the recreation department, Mrs. Helene freight alone. Thus, the services catering many millions of Americans who do not Sempeles and Mrs. Betty Chapman, hos­ to the public have been diminishing in even have a decent roof over the heads of pitality, and Mr. Robert E. Fletcher, rec­ part for this reason. But as railroad after their families. I intend to support the amend­ reation supervisor, are just a few of the railroad abandon their railroad passen­ ment to be offered to strike this sum from many others who made the meet possible ger services, pointing to the availability the bill. and who arranged the myriad of details of airplane and automobile transporta­ There is a second matter in this bill which for the highly successful outcome of the tion, little thought is given to the prob­ demonstrates the parochial outlook of the 2-day event. Congress. Language is specifically included lem that might arise were weather con­ to prohibit any special allowances from be­ With the emphasis being placed on ditions to make it important for these ing appropriated for summer interns for the physical fitness, and particularly pro­ facilities to function for a city or metro­ summer of 1970. Once again this Congress grams of benefit to young people, I call politan area, nor to the fact that sky­ fails to realize that by this ostensibly puni­ to the attention of the Members the ways and highways are reaching a point tive action, we are only alienating further Winchester event with the hope it can of critical congestion, or that it seems the young men and women of America who be duplicaited in many other communi­ come to work in Washington so that they to be the safest mode of transportation. can learn more about their government-the ties across the Nation. With improvements that will lead to government which they are to lead. By re­ The Winchester meet is a tribute both faster, cleaner trains and more conven­ fusing to provide them with minimum sub­ to our younger generation and to the ient schedules, the American public can sistence, we surely do not increase their city of Winchester and those others re­ have the choice of yet another means of respect for our institutions and especially sponsible for conducting the meet. travel. It is not a matter of whether Septe-rnber 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26773 railroad passenger service is needed, but UNKNOWN HAZARDS IN NUCLEAR Colorado still has four mills building up how much more. TECHNOLOGY heaps-at Rifle, Grand Junction, Canyon City Earlier this year I joined Congress­ and Uravan. That situation-and other reminders man ADAMS and several other colleagues around this state of potential atomic haz­ in proposing legislation to provide for HON.DONALD M. FRASER OF MINNESOTA ards-have now begun to raise doubts among the modernization of railroad passenger many Colorado citizens about the benefits equipment, which the Secretary of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the atom and the operations of the Atomic Transportation would pool for lease to Tuesday, September 23, 1969 Energy Commission. railroad companies. The Federal Gov­ Officials of the A.E.C. in Washington say ernment has already poured millions Mr: FRASER. Mr. Speaker, a concern "We're getting shot at." They see the criti~ into highways, airways, and waterways; of mme has been the possible environ­ cism as coming from younger people who mental effects of the addition of radio­ are challenging the establishment and as now the railways need aid to serve the part of the increasing nation's concern over public better. But though the need for active and thermal wastes to the Missis­ sippi River from the Monticello and preserving man's environment. better and continued railroad passenger They believe that most Americans support service is clear; I must say that the re­ Prairie Island, Minn., nuclear reactors. them and dismiss some criticisms as more cent Interstate Commerce Commission Radioactive wastes from the Northern emotional than factual. ruling on the Messer case is highly in­ States powerplant at Monticello must Dr. H: Peter Metzger, a Boulder, Colo., consistent with helping to provide such not be allowed to pollute the Mississippi biochennst who is president of the Colorado an improved public service. River and endanger the health of the Committee for Environmental Information millions of people who live along the calls the tailings one of the "six deadly The National Association of Railroad river below the plants. The technology of plagues visited on this state by the A E c " Passengers and the States of California atomic power is still evolving. So is our His list also includes: · · · Arizona, Texas, Louisiana, and Ne,,; knowledge and understanding of the haz­ Hi~h death rates from lung cancer among Mexico went to the ICC complaining of uramum miners, which led to Congressional the madequacies of the Sunset Limited, ards of radiation. Levels, once thought investigations and sharply lowered levels of safe, are today considered unsafe. exposure to mine radiation. owned by the Southern Pacific Railroad. In Minnesota, the major issue is The Sunset Limited was running con­ Project Rulison, the underground nuclear whether the State should be allowed to explosion that was set off last week in west­ sistently behind schedule between New set higher radiation standards than ern Colorado and is leading the way for a Orleans and Los Angeles with no sleep­ those of the U.S. Atomic Energy Com­ number of similar underground shots. ers, vending machines rather than dining mission. I believe that the Federal Gov­ The fire-prone Rocky Flats nuclear war­ facilities, and so forth. Despite these dif­ ernment should have the power to fix head plant operated by Dow Chemical Com­ ficult circumstances 160,000 people rode minimum standards, but the States pany and situated between Denver and the Sunset Limited last year. As most of Boulder, two of the state's largest cities. should be allowed to set higher standards A proposal to build a permanent atomic you know, the ICC overruled the hearing if they believe the higher standards are examiner's recommendation that it does graveyard for burying radioactive wastes in necessary for the health and safety of Colorado. have authority to regulate the adequacy the people. Construction of a controversial high-tem­ of rail passenger service. The Commerce Our knowledge of the effects of ra-dia­ pera.ture, gas-cooled nuclear reactor for gen­ Act gives the ICC authority to set stand­ tion on our people and our environment erating electricity. ards for freight car services, and the law can be best described as being uncertain. The Colorado Committee for Environmen­ can certainly be construed to give the On Saturday, September 20, 1969, the tal Information is a nonprofit organization same authority pertaining to the stand­ New York Times ran an article by An­ o~ 25 .scientists and a few lawyers and so­ ards of the passenger service. In an effort thony Ripley. The points made and inter­ c10l~gists. They believe that the public ls not to prove this, the National Association receiving the full truth from Federal agencies views reported are of great interest. I abo~t possible long-term dangers to man's of Railroad Passengers will be appealing call your attention to the use of uranium the case to the Supreme Court, if neces­ environment, and they decided to provide an mill tailings in residential construction. alternate source of information. sary. Later these tailings were found to give off The committee, since its formation in 1968 However, as many of my colleagues radon, a product of radium decay. has turned a public spotlight on the nerv~ and I believe that this authority can I think many of us thought that the gas controversy, the Rocky Flats fires and clearly be construed from this Commerce tragedy of the Hong Kong watchworkers Project Rulison. Act, we are joining today for swift and could not be repeated in our society. You RECIPE FOR CORRUPTION ~mmediate action to pass legislation giv­ may recall that these workers, many Dr. Metzger, a 38-year-old former New mg the ICC such authority, to make years ago, wetted their brushes in their Yorker, has become so involved that he is doubly sure it has jurisdiction over the mouths before applying the luminous considering leaving his job with Ball Brothers adequacy of the standards of this na­ dials to inexpensive watches. Later they Research Corporation to devote full time to tional mode of transportation. Your sup­ developed cancers. The Times story the committee. port is urged. if Most of his anger is aimed at the Atomic makes ·me wonder a similar tragedy Energy Commission. could occur today. Before reading Rip­ "They're enormously powerful," he said in ley's story, I was more confident than I an interview. "They can use secrecy. They are PERSONAL EXPLANATION am now. ~self-policing organization, and that is a rec­ The article follows: ipe for corruption. A-PLANTS: WEALTH AND WORRY "No governmental organization can be its HON. RICHARD L. OTTINGER (By Anthony Ripley) own advocate and own judge and control its ?wn inform~tion. If it is [in that position], OF NEW YORK DURANGO, Colo.--Standing like a huge un­ answered question, a giant pile of finely it can make Judgments outside public control IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ground gray leftovers from a uranium mill and can sell people its decisions by releasing Tuesday, September 23, 1969 confronts the business district of this Old information as it sees fit." West tourist town from across the Animas The next big project for the committee is Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, I deeply River. mine tailings. regret that longstanding constituent It is a reminder of the prosperity that the Few in Durango have worried about the commitments prevented me from being United States Atomic Energy Commission tai~ings since the Foote Mineral Company, present on Friday when the House had has brought to Colorado. But the mill "tail­ whic~ owns them, managed to get some grass under consideration the Legislation in.;s" are more than a giant souvenir. They growing on the pile in the spring of 1968 Branch Appropriation Act for fiscal year are radioactive. on orders from the State Health Department. Before reluctant grasses finally began to That stopped the downtown dust storms. 1970. Had I been present, I would have "It's better since they got some weeds up vote? against this appropriation, pri­ grow on the pile, at the urgings of a sprinkler system and considerable fertilizer, the tail­ there," said Norris Waters at a gas station marily because of the grossly inflated re­ ings polluted the Animas with radium and on Main Avenue. He discounted the radio­ quest for extension of the west front of blew in dusty clouds over the city. activity problems. the Capitol and the manner in which The Durango mill, which has been shut "It never hurt nobody," he said. "Some peo­ this costly and unnecessary project has down, is but one of four closed plants where ple don't feel right unless they got some­ been handled. problems have arisen over uranium tailings. thing to worry about." 26774 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 Before the grass took hold, rain washed After failing to halt the shot, Dr. Metzger A NEW DIMENSION TO THE down the side of the pile, dissolving radium said, the committee, through the American NARCOTICS PROBLEM 226, which is found with uranium and dis­ Civil Liberties Union, will try to halt any corded in the milling process. The rain carried efforts to burn off or sell commercially any it down to the Animas River. of the natural gas released by the Rulison HON. JOHN M. MURPHY In a study completed by the Federal Water explosion from underground rock formations. Pollution Control Agency in 1966, it was re­ They fear it will contaminate the air radio­ OF NEW YORK ported that dissolved radium concentration activity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES immediately downstream from the mill in the The Colorado Committee has also been Tuesday, September 23, 1969 late 1950's was about four times permissible concerned with the $50-million fire May 11 levels. at the Rocky Flats plant operated by Dow Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. Twice the permissible level was found 30 Chemical Company. Speaker, Richard Severo is an outstand­ miles downstream. A three-hour blaze in the nuclear weapons ing investigative reporter for the New The study brought immediate orders from building caused the damage and involved, in York Times. His past work has done the State Health Department to cover and addition, $20-million worth of plutonium, most of which, a company spokesman said, much to provide public awareness of the stabilize tailing piles at all eight mills in intensely complex problem of narcotics Colorado. can be reprocessed and reused. The river water is now within acceptable The spokesman would neither confirm nor addiction and drug abuse, and his latest limits, though the department is not satis­ deny reports in The Denver Post that more series deals with many of the additional fied with the grass cover at Durango and is than 200 small fires had occurred at the problems facing society as a result of the appalled by the length of time the piles plant since it opened in 1953. increasing presence of citizens vigilante will have to be watched. Radium's half-life, WASTE SHIPMENTS RISE groups. I commend this article to you: the time it takes half of a given a.mount to The company reported that shipments of ADDICTS' VICTIMS TuRN VIGILANTE decay into other substances, is 1,620 years. contaminated solid wastes from the Rocky (By Richard Severo) In Grand Junction, between Durango and Flats plant had temporarily increased by one­ Denver, a dramatic study is under way. The third because of the fire May 11. The wastes Violence and vigilante groups are becom­ State Health Department began a survey Sept. are shipped to an atolllic graveyard in Idaho. ing widely accepted by slum residents as the 1 of radiation levels in 250 buildings, most Chem-Nuclear Services Inc., of Sunnyside, most effective way of ridding their neighbor­ of them private homes. Wash., has applied to the State Health De­ hoods of narcotics addicts. For 15 years, builders in Grand Junction partment to build an atomic graveyard near Attacks by armed gangs have taken place, removed 300,000 tons of t ailings from the Limon, 70 miles southeast of Denver. many of them apparently unnoticed or American Metal Climax Inc. uranium-vana­ At Platteville, 35 miles north of Denver, ignored by the police, and residents of be­ dium mill in the city. They used the fine the Public Service Company of Colorado is sieged neighborhoods say they are planning gray sand, which was given away free, to level building a 330,000-kilowatt nuclear power offensives against junkies. They are prompted, the ground for pouring concrete slabs and for generating station with a high temperature they say, by the failure of law-enforcement back-filling around basements of homes, gas cooled reactor. The $100-million plant, and other city agencies to reduce or even public buildings, offices and stores. half financed by the Atomic Energy Commis­ control the spread of heroin. The tailings, spread eight to 12 inches sion, is modeled after a 40,000-kilowatt plant "We warn the pushers: In this block you thick beneath a concrete slab, give off ra­ at Peach Bottom, Pa. do not push," said the 17-year-old leader of dioactive gas called radon, a product of ra­ One commission employee said that he was a gang that prowls the Lower East Side. "We dium decay. Radon seeps through concrete. thinking of transferring to another Federal tell the dope fiends: Here you do not steal. It ls possible that radon levels in some agency. If they listen to us, fine. They push their of the homes, public health officials say, "We used to be the good guys in the white poison someplace else. If they do not listen, may be above the levels permitted in uranium hats," he said shortly before the Rulison we get them." mines. explosion. "It's not white any more. Now For the poor, as well as for officials who Thus far, state health officers have been it's sort of gray." face the problem every day, drug addiction able to account for only 10 per cent of the in New York seems to defy solution even as estimated 3,000 sites in Grand Junction where it grows more acute. tailings were used. The police have not been able to eliminate Robert D. Siek, chief radiological health SAM WYLY APPOINTED CHAIRMAN it or even effectively control it; various officer for the state, said that there had been OF MINORITY ENTERPRISE AD­ therapeutic programs have shown both so many tailings tests in the Grand Junction promise and failure and those in charge area that "people are acclimated to our being VISORY COUNCIL often show an inability to cooperate with one t here." another; and hospitals, which have the He would not identify t h e buildings under HON. GEORGE BUSH potential for doing much, ha-Ye thus far been intensive study, explaining that he did not either unwilling or unable to do anything want alarm to spread on the basis of pre­ OF TEXAS substantial. liminary reports. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The result is a social crisis of immense cost Radon has led to high mort ality rates from Tuesday, September 23, 1969 and complexity that has ravaged com­ lung cancer among uranium miners in the munities, disrupted the city, and continues past, triggering Congressional investigation, Mr. BUSH. Mr. Speaker, President to drain human and financial resources­ lowered allowable levels for radiation and in­ Nixon's appointment of Sam Wyly of wi th no end in sight. creased mine ventilation. Dallas as Chairman of the Minority En­ A two-month study of the narcotics prob­ In a memo to former President Johnson terprise Advisory Council is a wise and lem by The New York Times indicates that last Dec. 27, the Federal Radiat ion Council, in areas infested with addicts, the residents which sets exposure standards, said: worthy action, a move which should prove significant to the long-range suc­ now regard retribution as preferable to "We do not know at precisely what expo­ promises of protection and plans for thera­ sure level uranium miners may be exposed cess of the Council. peutic programs that never seem big enough, without significantly increasing the risk of Mr. Wyly has continually proven him­ prompt enough or workable. lung cancer. But we do know that the mor­ self open to new experience--anxious to The emerging pattern of violence is evi­ t ality rates from the disease in the lower accept a variety of challenges. Indeed, exposure categories are h igher than the ex­ dent mostly on the Lower East Side and in pected rate." his proven talents are most timely in re­ Harlem and a few areas in Brooklyn. In lation to the responsibilities he assumes other areas, such as the Hunts Point sec­ Both in mines and in homes, radon ac­ tion of the Bronx, the fear of junkies and cumulations are of greater concern. Mr. Siek in this new position. As pushers has led not to counterattack, but said, because of the confined area involved. Mr. Wyly has forged progress and to a fearful capitulation of spirit and an ac­ NO SIGNIFICANT READINGS created change in his professional en­ ceptance of a Wild West kind of lawlessness. The joint study by the A. E. C. and the deavors, so has he proven himself a man The addict who used to be tolerated as a United States Public Healt h Service dated of sensitive understanding in his ap­ nuisance or even embraced as a "sick" friend last March 5 centered on radon levels out­ proach to civic and philanthropic proj­ is now hated as a sneak thief and feared as a doors near four tailings piles, including those ects. Where he has unleashed his initia­ mugger; the pusher who used to be disdain­ at Durango and Grand Junct ion. It reported tive on a particular project, there has in­ fully regarded as a ne'er-do-well or perhaps no significant readings beyond a half-mile evitably been a constructive order of even admired as a poor boy who had made it from the pile in the prevailing wind direc­ progress and improvement. big, is now despised as a menace to the chil­ tion. dren who ca.n easily buy narcotics in the The Colorado Committee for Environ­ I am certain that his efforts on be­ schoolyard. mental Information plans to continue it s half of the Minority Enterprise Council Among the investigation's findings are fight against Project Rulison, the under­ will render this group an integral and these: ground nuclear blast set off recently 43 miles vital force in the national community in At least one large, organized group of ea.st of Grand Junction. the demanding days ahead. Puerto Ricans and Negroes have beaten up September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26775 pushers and addicts on the Lower East Side example, hias a very small, though growing, "Eee-i, Eee-o, drugs must go, in the area between Second and 14th Streets problem among its teen-agers, but no de­ Dah-dah-dah-dah-dah. and along Avenues C and D. One gang mem­ fense measures were observed there. A resi­ The pushers must be off-off-off, ber said he was doing it "because the junk­ dent of the neighborhood said most parents Dash-dah-dah-dah-dah. ies are destroying my people." refused to admit that any problem existed, The people must work both Other groups of teen-agers and young peo­ l:;ince the use of heroin carried with it a day and night, ple have formed gangs and say they are plan­ terrible stigma among the Chinese. Time for us to put up a fight. Eee-i, Eee-o drugs must go ning to do the same thing elsewhere on the THE ITALIAN ATTITUDE Lower East Side and in Harlem. Dah-dah-dah-dah-dah." More common than the youth gangs are People of Italian extraction on the Lower East Side also have a small but developing Mr. Ahmed says that "some of the older self-defense groups among adults. There are brothers are giving dope to 10-year-olds and more than 90 tenant patrols operating in the addiction problem among their young. But no organized defense groups are evident in there is no place for them to get help." city's public-housing projects, and the city The Harlem Youth Federation has a mat­ is paying patrol leaders $2.50 an hour. IAttle Italy, either, and junkies are almost never seen there. Addicts with Italian names, tress In its 125th Street headquarters and its Tenement-dwellers on the Lower East Side members stand ready 24 hours a day to help have armed themselves not only with clubs however, appear in Puerto Rican blocks on the Lower East Side. any addict who wants to detoxify himself. and knives, but also with rifles and hand­ This summer 28 of the federation's 60 guns, to protect themselves and their build­ "The Italle.ns will not tolerate dope ad­ dicts in their midst," said a resident of Little members asked Harlem residents between ings. One group on East Seventh Street has UOth and 155th Streets how they thought even purchased walkie-talkies for patrol use. Italy. Asked how the Italians managed to prevent addicts f.rom swarming over them, addicts should be handled in the community. Although the police deny any knowledge The consensus was summed up by such of the armed self-defense groups, members he replied: "We do it like we have always done it. If we have a problem in the neigh­ comments as "Knock their heads in," "They say that the police have, in fact, encol;raged are killing our people" and "They should be them. One patrolman is credited with teach­ borhOOd, we settle it in the neighborhood." The same ethnic groups reacted differently killed." ing tenants how to make clubs of old table The head of the third group advocating legs. in different places. The Puertlo Ricains of the Lower East Side were "turf"-oriented, well drastic measures against addicts ls John Mail theft by heroin users is so frequent aware that they had a problem and predis­ Shabazz of the Black Citizens Patrol, an that the Post Office is spending $360,000 a posed to settle it themselves-an attitude organization claiming 155 members. It was year on overtime in the Bronx and in Brook­ sim1lar to tha.t of the Italians to the west of formed about a year and a half ago. lyn for special protection. them, although not oo well establiS>hed. Mr. Shabazz, a former associate of Malcolm NOT A NEW APPROACH But in the Hunts Point section of the X, said he wanted no money and no help from Vigilante groups are not new, either here Bronx the Puerto Ricans seemed more sub­ the police-only that, starting this fall, his or elsewhere nor is violence new as a means missive, less sure of themselves, distrustful followers would try to "discourage" those of dealing with community problems. But of both police and pusher. who would sell narcotics in Harlem public schools. the growing preference for applying these HARLEM MINISTER'S VIEWS "We have the names and photographs of tactics to drug pushers and users is viewed In Harlem at least t:hree groups advocate pushers," he said, "and we will ha.ve people by some observers as a portent of widespread dealing very firmly with the addict. Some acceptance of an oversimplified, punitive so­ inside the schools to turn over the names to members of all groups admitted they were the proper authorities. If they don't deal lution to a vastly complicated issue. armed when they went into the street to with the problem, we will have to deal wirth it Animosity toward the addict has reached search for addicts. Others said they dealt our own way." such a point in some neighborhoods tha.t pol­ with addicts and pushers only with their A former Harlem heroin dealer who esti­ iticians who have supported progressive ap­ fists. The Intention among members of all mates he made $4,000 to $5,000 a week on proaches to addiction control are under in­ three groups was simply to drive addicts and sales of about four pounds, was asked how he creasing pressure to support any action that pushers from their nelghborhoods--there justified what he did. The dealer, whose will take junkies out of circulation. was little talk of rehablUtation or hospital­ name cannot be used, replied: An aide to one liberal state legislator, who ization. "I never gave it a thought whether it was asked that his name not be used, said: Perhaps the most outspoken proponent of right or wrong. It was just a way of making "Don't kid yourself that this 'sweep the a street offensive against addicts and pushers money. I was never in any trouble. You can streets' business is limited to conservatives. is the Rev. Oberia Dempsey of the Upper get Into trouble by selling some bad dope. It'd probably be even more intense in the Park Avenue Baptist Church, who believes I knew I was getting good dope from the poorer neighborhoods. The people who are there are 250,000 heroin users in Harlem people I was dealing with." demanding it are the very people who used alone. He carries a revolver with him be­ He Insisted however, that "I never sold to to provide the impetus for liberal legisla­ cause he fears that pushers may attack him kids." The dealer was disconcerted recently tion." for his firm stand on narcotics. to learn that his teenage son used heroin. The new and intense loathing of the addiot ·When Mr. Dempsey speaks of the problem Mr. Shabazz was invited to lecture to a is coupled, in the 13lums, with an ambivalence his language may seem more reminiscent of group of teenagers in a church basement in toward the police. People say they want more what one can hear from the most conserva­ Central Harlem. The spirit of the meeting police protection, but also say they have lost tive law-and-order advocate, rather than a was almost evangelical. f-aith in the police. Harlem preacher. But the similarities are Mr. Shabazz: Only a firstclass jackass Poor families have lost their television superficial. Mr. Dempsey talks out of desper­ would stick a needle In his arm and shoot sets to addict thieves. The current militancy ation, not ideology. up. What kind of fool would do that? against addict and pusher is heightened by - "We don't advocate taking the law in our YOU KNOW WHAT TO DO the fact that famllies are now losing much own hands," he said, "but the emphasis of more than televlsion sets. They are losing the law ls placed on protecting the rights Teen-agers (in unison): Somebody who young t:>ons and daughters. For the facts don't have nothing else to do. clearly indicate that addicts are getting of the criminal, not the decent citizen. I Mr. S: What kind of dope is here In younger with every passing year. think every addict who is on the streets Harlem? Dr. Michael Baden, associate medical must be removed from Harlem. The gov­ Teen-agers (shouting): Cocaine! Heroin! examiner of New York, says that in 1967 the ernment should set up health camps outside Weight pills! Reefers! median age of addicts who died after using the city, in old Army bases upstate. A lot of Mr. S: What's the youngest age of an ad­ heroin was 28. Now the median age is 22. so-called bleeding-heart liberals could go up dict that you've heard of? Teen-agers: Eight! In 1966, there were 33 teen...agers who died and act as counselors." Mr. S: Where do drugs come from in the i,n New York after taking heroin. Last year Another group advocating a mllitant ap­ schools? Teen-agers: Pushers! the number rose to 72. But in three months­ proach is the Harlem Youth Federation. Its Mr. S: Do the pushers go to school? Teen­ June, July and August--71 died this year. president, Hannibal Ahmed, is currently un­ agers: Yes! Sixty per cent of them were black and 30 der indictment, charged with conspiring with five other Harlem Negroes to kill a white Mr. S: And what school has more drug per cent were Puerto Rican. Addicts aged 14 pushers than any other? are not uncommon these days and slum resi­ policeman every week. They have all pleaded not guilty. Here the teen-agers were not unanimous, dents report that 8-year-olds are experi­ filling the room with shouts of the high Mr. Ahmed and his colleagues are particu­ menting with heroin bought in the school­ schools they knew-George Washington, yard. larly concerned about the increased use of Louis D. Brandeis, Charles Evans Hughes, The state of hostilities that now exists In heroin among children and what they cali Benjamin Franklin. the 1nab111ty of the police to do anything the most beleaguered nelghborhOOds is one Mr. Shabazz then told the teen-agers that about it. that nobody wants to talk about. The tene­ if anyone came up to them and offered them ment-dweller ls angry but he does not like Federation members talk to children when­ drugs, "you know what to do--knock the to speak of retribution; the role of gun-toter ever and wherever they can, alerting them hell out of them." The youngsters applauded. is not one he ls easy with. He does not like to the perlls of narcotics use. Frequently, The Harlem groups are for the most part making war on people he knows. when they meet with groups of children, only threatening violence, but one gang on Nor does every neighborhooct react to the they sing this song, to the tune of "Old Mac­ the Lower East Side has already skirmished problem in the same way. China.town, for Donald": With pushers. Gang members say that one 26776 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 of their number was murdered last year; re­ place last April 24 shortly before 7 P.M. Mr. to be in the Marine Corps Reserve, so you taliation, they say, from the pushers. Levin was wearing a suit (which made him can see I'm qualified for this." The gang, which has a name but does not stand out in his neighborhood) and was But Mr. Levy feels he lacks real authority want it published, claims more than 100 walking on Seventh Street near home. and complained that recently a couple of members. It is armed and is led by a 17- "This tall, skinny kid, I guess he was about teen-agers ripped off the armband he wears. year-old youth who will be called Ramon 6-foot-2, he had a butcher's knife. I remem­ "If I had a uniform,'' he said, "or a special here. ber looking at the knife pretty closely be­ officer's badge and maybe a club and a pair of "We have agents who follow junkies and cause it looked like the kind my old man handcuffs, then I could do a job." pushers around," Ramon said. "We know cuts onions with (His father owns a kosher every one of them. We know when pushers delicatessen in Bayonne) . ADDICTS STEAL $2.6 BILLION get the stuff and we know when particular "He followed me into the building and Despite the complexity of the narcotics junkies need a fix. We know exactly what ls up on the third fioor, when I was getting the problem, the arithmetic of it is simple. There going on in this neighborhood, which is key out for my apartment (3-B) he rushed are an estimated 100,000 heroin users in New more than I can say for the police." me. I threw my groceries at him, gave a York City. The average habit costs slightly But perhaps the most disquieting experi­ karate yell and tried to kick him in the groin. over $30 a day, which most addicts cannot ence ls talking to ordinary people--black and But my foot didn't connect. support through ordinary jobs. Therefore, white, poor and not so poor-who are not " I yelled, 'hey rube!' a signal I had pre­ they swindle people out of money if they can members of gangs, not especially young, are arranged with my neighbor, Tony Rivera in and steal if they cannot. not violent and do not want to be. People 3A. Tony had a lead pipe and was prepared Dr. Michael Baden, associate medical ex­ whose only contact with violence has been to come out into the hall if there was ever aminer, estimates that the city's heroin users on television now talk calmly and seriously any trouble. I yelled 'Help! help! helpl' The are spending at least $850-m1llion a year with of violence as necessary for their survival. guy was about 20 feet from me. He was de­ pushers on the street, and may be stealing as A 62-year-old man who had worked as a cirung if he should take me or run. But peo­ much as $2.6-billion a year in property. guard said he never walked in the hall of ple started coming and he ran down the The reason for the discrepancy between his lower East Side building unless he car­ stairs. Then I noticed my wrist was slashed." what is stolen and what is spent is that ad­ ried a loaded revolver in his hand. A profes­ In May, Mr. Levin left 278 East Seventh dicts frequently receive less than two-thirds sional trumpet player in the same neighbor­ Street. of the real value of stolen goods. Most of t he hood who was mugged twice took karate TENANTS FORM PATROL stealing goes unreported, Dr. Baden said, be­ lessons and did battle with a junkie who Afterwards, the tenants in Nos. 272, 274 cause so many of the victims are either rela­ tried to mug him in the hallway outside his and 278 formed a patrol. It was composed of tives and friends who are reluctant to lodge apartment. 20 men, all volunteers, who took turns a complaint, or others who feel there is little A pregnant housewife who lives nearby guarding the building. Every stranger was the police can do. says she now thinks of simple household stopped, then escorted upstairs to his desti­ Rightly or wrongly, many people are blam­ implements as potential weapons. nation. The men were armed with lead pipes ing addicts for most of the burglaries, rob­ Several other women said they were pur­ and handguns, and one m an even used a beries and muggings in the city. Although no chasing small spray cans of chemical irri­ sword. comprehensive study has been done, Gov­ tants and carrying them in their purses; Although Deputy Inspector Joseph Fink, ernor Rockefeller has estimated that perhaps still other women were carrying knives and commander of the East Fifth Street Police ha.If the reported crime in New York is the cans of pepper. station, said he did not know of the exist­ work of addicts. A young woman in the Brownsville sec­ ence of any such group, a member said that George F. McGrath, Commissioner of Cor­ tion of Brooklyn says she will kill the next a. patrolman got out of his squad car one rections, reports that of a total prison popu­ addict who tries to steal anything from her night and "taught us how to make clubs lation of 13,500, 40 per cent of the men are apartment; a neighbor said he recently out of table legs-after all, we were doing considered to be addicts, and at least 60 per waited behind a door for two hours with a his work." cent of the women. baseball bat for the addict who had unsuc­ The tenants' patrol has become inactive in cessfully tried to get into his apartment recent weeks because members grew tired of earlier. giving it so much time. Also, more police "The good Lord took a liking to him,'' the now patrol in the area. man said, "because he didn't come back and Not all tenants' patrols are so informal. A HARD LOOK AT REALITY that's what saved me from killing him." Ninety-two of the New York City Housing The superintendent of a tenement near Authority's 157 projects have "citizens' pa­ the corner of East Seventh Street and Ave­ trols" that a.re subsidized by the authority HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK nue D carries a gun, as does his wife. "I tell this year a.t the rate of $50,000 to $75,000. OF OHIO the junkies," he says, "you fool around with The money goes to recruiters and patrol IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES me and I'm gonna fool around with you." supervisors, who are paid $2.50 an hour for a Over and over the visitor finds evidence maximum 20-hour week and for coffee and. Tuesday, September 23, 1969 that some neighborhoods have become armed pastries for patrol members, who spend long Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, per­ camps, filled with people who believe that evening hours guarding the lobbies. The 4,500 project residents who are just members are haps we will never know to what extent the only way to survive in New York in the our military preparedness program was year 1969 is with guns, knives and chemicals. not paid, they volunteer. Charles Parker, a Bronx resident who was A visit to the Rutgers House Project on set back by former Secretary of Defense the prime mover recently in forming a coali­ the Lower East Side found that most patrol Robert McNamara, his coterie of whiz tion of youngsters and adults who patrol the members were elderly Jews, joined by a kids, and some of the unbelievable theo­ streets and report wrongdoing to the police, sprinkling of Puerto Ricans and Negroes. So ries they concocted to guide our military says that he and many of his neighbors have far, patrol members have made no arrests. policies. One favorite dream was the bought big television-radio-phonograph con­ Jerry Schulman, who until recently was director of the Rutgers Community Center, business about mutual deterrence in soles because "you can't carry one of those which we allowed the Soviets to draw babies down a fire escape." said that Chinese residents of the project The trumpet player who took karate les­ refuse to join the patrol and stick together abreast of the United States in military sons is Marc Levin, 27, who lived at 278 East so closely that they seldom called the police readiness, thereby creating a stalemate Seventh Street for five years, but has since if anything went wrong. in wh~ch neither side could hope to win. moved to a relatively quiet part of Green­ A Chinese resident of the area offered an­ Perhaps now is the time to ask Mr. Mc­ wich Village. other explanation. The police back home are Namara where he would go from here, Although Mr. Levin, a quiet man of aver­ corrupt he said, and many new arrivals think that the police here must be just as bad. for Marshal N. I. Krylov, commander of age height and weight, is more interested in Mr. Schulman says that Italians and Jews the Soviet missile forces, recently stated practicing his horn, he practiced karate four that there would be a victor in a nuclear to five hours a day after he was mugged a will not hesitate to call the police, but that second time. Italians will not join the patrol. Mr. Schul­ war. As quoted by the New Yor!: Times of man attributes this to their "individualistic September 12, Marshal Krylov stated: OFFERS GIFT RECORD make-up." The imperialist ideologists are trying to He recalls that the s~cond time, he gave But Mrs. Louis Cammarota, who briefly lull the vigilance of the world's people by the junkie $2.35 (all he had) and offered to joined the Rutgers tenant patrol and then having recourse to propaganda devices to give him an autographed copy of a jazz rec­ quit, said she did so because she thought ord he had cut called "The Dragon Suite." the effect that there will be no victors in a someone qualified ought to do the patrolling, future nuclear war. These false affirmations But some people approached and the junkie "not a bunch of old people." ran off-without the record. contradict the objective laws of history. Irving Levy, a. 68-year-old widower who Victory in war, if the imperialists succeed The junkie had brandished a knife, and used to be a house painter before he retired, that frightened Mr. Levjn, who then began in starting it, will be on the side of world is one of the most active members of the socialism. to study self-defense techniques. project's citizens' patrol. Asked why he put The third attack-the one that prompted in the hours and risked injury, he said "! It is reassuring to some extent to know his flight from the Lower East Side--took have nothing else to do. And besides, I used that those in the Defense Department September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26777 today are on the same wavelength as has chosen not to build a substantial "dam­ still considered "new" of being eligible in age-limiting capability." This would involve the years ahead for classification as an an­ 3vetlana Alldluyeva who pointed out last antiballistic missile defenses deployed around tique. Sunday on "Meet the Press" that the So­ American cities, and a stock of offensive mis­ While newly manufactured glassware has viet Union is a totalitarian regime. siles sufficiently large and accurate to de­ beauty, to the collector of antique glassware Dreaming up harebrained theories as a stroy Soviet missiles before they could be a "reproduction" is something to be shunned. defense for the security of this Nation is launched. However, such "repros" have found their way a dangerous pastime which we can ill The United States Safeguard antimissile into antique shops on occasion and also have afford. system is designed to protect two Minuteman been auctioned as "old." missile complexes against surprise attack. The veteran collector or dealer can deter­ I insert at this point the article "U.S. The decision to limit the size of the United mine the age of glass, in most cases, by other Arms Officials Worried by Soviet Arti­ States missile force and to develop small signs and will spot a reproduction. But some cle," by William Beecher, in the New multiple warheads, are both designed for a reproductions are very good-and high York Times of September 12, 1969. response to a first strike by penetrating the prices have been paid for glass items that, U.S. ARMS OFFICIALS WORRIED BY SoVIET AR­ Soviet defenses and destroying Soviet cities rightfully, are being marketed in the gift TICLE: MARSHA.I. DISCOUNTS THEORY OF No rather than attacking Soviet missile sites. shops at a much lower cost. WINNER IN AN ATOMIC WAR The Soviet Union has traditionally been BUYERS ARE WARY very defense minded. Its air defenses are (By William Beecher) much larger than those of any other national In recent years collectors in Fond du Lac WASHINGTON, September 11.-High-ranking and it was the first to deploy anti-ballistic and elsewhere have shown a tendency to diplomatic and military officials, looking to missiles. avoid types of glassware that have been re­ produced. Milk glass, cranberry and carnival the start of strategic arms limitation talks However, if the Russians are determined to soon, are e~ressing concern about a recent are three examples, and there are many more. continue building up their missiles to save This has made the inexperienced buyer wary expression of Soviet strategic thought that as many Russian lives as possible, this would they say could dim the prospects of success­ of putting his money on the line, even for a undermine the ability of the United States to bona fide antique that a dealer knows to be ful negotiations. devastate the Soviet Union in response to a Their concern is based on a recent article surprise attack. old. And as a result, the true value of some by Marshal Nikolai I. Krylov, commander of genuine old glassware has dropped. Soviet missile forces. He said, in effect, that Over the years, dealers and advanced col­ Moscow did not subscribe to the American lectors have become experts in the field o:t position that there oould be no winner in a glassware as well as other antiques. H.R. nuclear war. NEW BILL WOULD PROTECT AN­ 12284 will offer them the kind of "proof" of The basic premise of American strategic TIQUE GLASS COLLECTORS quality they've not always had in the past. planning is that if each superpower has For the collector, it also would take some of enough well protected nuclear weapons to the "guesswork" out of costly purchases and retaliate overwhelmingly to a surprise attack HON. HENRY C. SCHADEBERG safeguard his investment. And the authentic­ by the other, neither will start a nuclear OF WISCONSIN ity of outstanding antique displays such as war. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that shown at the Oshkosh Museum also But if Russian leaders believe the possi­ would be assured. bility of surviving such a war is rather good Tuesday, September 23, 1969 Glass manufacturers, as well as importers, and continue building up those offensive and Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker, I are expected to fight the bill. There may be defensive weapons that promise to increase amendments. chances of survival, it might be "supremely insert the following article by Mr. Stan But those interested in antique glassware­ difficult," in the words of one ranking De­ Gores, feature editor of the Fond du Lac and there are thousands-already are prepar­ fense Department official, to work out an Commonwealth Reporter, Fond du Lac, ing for the battle by writing their senators acceptable arms control agreement. Wis., in support of H.R. 12284, a bill to and representatives to urge that the bill be But he and other officials agreed that this protect collectors of antique glassware passed. made even more urgent the need for explor­ against the manufacture in the United ing without delay a freeze on strategic States or the importation of imitations weapons. of such glassware: AMERICAN PRISONERS OF NORTH American planners are by no means con­ VIETNAM vinced that the Krylov article, published on NEW BILL WoULD PROTECT ANTIQUE GLASS Aug. 30 in the newspaper Sovietskaya Ros­ COLLECTORS siya, represents the view of Soviet political (By Stan Gores) HON. RICHARDSON PREYER leaders. Antique glass collectors as well as priceless OF NORTH CAROLINA But, they say, there has been some evi­ museum displays will be protected-at long IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dence in the pattern of Soviet missile deploy­ last--if a bill recently introduced by three ment to support the thesis that Moscow is congressmen, including Henry C. Schadeberg Wednesday, September 17, 1969 following what strwregists call "a war-fight­ of Wisconsin, is enacted into law. Mr. PREYER of North Carolina. Mr. ing damage-limiting" course, rather than the The bill, known as H.R. 12284, was pro­ American deterrent strategy. But the evi­ posed by Louis C. Wyman of New Hampshire Speaker, "Am I a wife or a widow?" "Is dence is admittedly ambiguous. and has since been referred to the Committee my son a prisoner of war or is he 'miss­ Officials say there still has been no answer on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Shar­ ing in action'?" These are the questions to President Nixon's proposal to start talks ing authorship of the measure with Wyman asked by Mrs. Jean C. McDaniel and this summer, although they hope for an and Schadeberg ls G. Robert Watkins of Rev. Charles Jerome Honeycutt when affirmative answer soon. Pennsylvania. Sources said there was hope that the Soviet they visited my office last week. They Purpose of the bHl ls to "protect collectors came to Washington, along with other Foreign Minister, Andrei A. Gromyko, who is of antique glassware against the manufac­ expected in New York Sunday to attend the ture in the United States or the importation husbands and parents and children of opening of the United Nations General As­ of imitations of such glassware." captured Americans in Vietnam, to pro­ sembly, might. bring word on when talks It would require that each piece of imita­ test the inhumane treatment of prison­ could begin. tion glassware be dated at the time of manu­ ers by the North Vietnamese and to In his article, Marshal Krylov declared: facture. Failure to comply would be regarded plead for some information about their SCORES IMPERIALIST VIEW as "an unfair method of competition and an husbands and sons. "The imperialist ideologists are trying to unfair or deceptive act or practice in com­ Mrs. McDaniel lives with her two chil­ lull the vigilance of the world's people by merce under the Federal Trade Commission dren in Greensboro. Her husband was having recourse to propaganda devices to the Act." effect that there will be no victors in a future HITS "REPROS" shot down over North Vietnam while on nuclear war. These false affirmations contra­ Provisions of the bill show that it is aimed an Air Force reconnaissance flight early dict the objective laws of history. at eliminating what antique collectors have in the Vietnam war. For 3 years he was "Victory in war, if the imperialists succeed come to know as "reproductions." These are listed as "missing in action." Mrs. Mc­ in starting it, will be on the side of world new pieces of glassware, sometimes made Daniel lived for these years without socialism." from old molds, in the same patterns and knowing whether her husband was dead Senior American officials believe this state­ colors as treasured antiques that date any­ or alive, without a word of any kind ment refiects not so much an interest in where from the 1700s to the early 1900s. concerning him. Last July, she was shown launching a first strike as a determination to The term "antique glassware" ls used an enlarged photograph taken from a substantially reduce the danger to the Soviet l oosely in H .R. 12284, since it would clamp Union if a nuclear war should break out, no down on imitations of glass patterns and North Vietnamese propaganda film of matter who starts it. d ~s i gns manufactured as recently as 1940. the prison camp; she recognized her hus­ For the last several years, the United States This is good, of course, for it assures anything band in the picture. But Mrs. McDaniel 26778 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 has not received any confirmation of this Ambassador Lodge presented this res­ so can almost any substance that alters the from the Red Cross or any other group. olution to the Communist delegates in state of consciousness." The commission She writes her husband, but does not Paris last Saturday and informed the urged a plan of research to be undertaken by the National Institute of Mental Health know whether or not he receives her Communists of the wide bipartisan sup­ "covering all aspects of marijuana use." letters. Mrs. McDaniel has one brother port this and other similar resolutions In an interview just the other day, Dr. now serving in Vietnam. Another brother have in Congress and the impact they Roger 0. Egeberg, the new healith chief at is in the Marines and expects to go to have had on public opinion both here HEW, said "the present laws are completely Vietnam soon. This obviously brave and abroad. out of proportion" to the dangers presented woman said: The administration has been urged to by marijuana. "I think they're punitive. I You can only take so much. settle the question of treatment of pris­ don't personally think marijuana leads to oners of war before all other questions heroin. I feel pretty strongly that it should Reverend and Mrs. Honeycutt also live be placed in a different category from bar­ are settled in Paris. biturates, heroin, amphetamines and LSD." in Greensboro. He is pastor of the New­ We must do everything possible to en­ lyn Street Methodist Church. Their son, But the fact is that they are all more or less sure that these prisoners are humanely indiscriminately lumped together. And so­ Jerry, is a jet fighter pilot. His plane and treated and identified, sick and injured ciety in its horror of "dope fiends" punishes a companion fighter plane were reported released. The Red Cross must be allowed youngsters who smoke a reefer now and missing over North Vietnam. They do to inspect the camps, and prisoners' mail then as though they were depraved crimi­ not know for certain whether Jerry is allowed to be delivered. None of these nals. missing or was captured. Their hopes Sen. Harold Hughes called last week for is the case today. War is always terrible, "enforceable" laws to replace "sadistic" pun­ that Jerry is alive and a prisoner of war but at least we had thought we had left come from a North Vietnam news report ishment for narcotics violations generally. the Dark Ages behind in the treatment The proposals sent to Congress not long ago that stated that on the date and in the of prisoners. by President Nixon treat drug abuse as a area where his plane was lost, "two planes mere law enforcement problem; and they were shot down .... nd the pilots captured." put LSD and hard narcotics in the same But for 2 years they have heard category as marijuana-despite all the ex­ no word as to whether or not their son is THE RIDDLE OF MARIHUANA pert opinion that they are essentially differ­ alive. Reverend Honeycutt says that the ent. Pot smoking among the young appears constant, gnawing anxiety of not know­ to be, more than anything else, a kind of ing their son's fate has affected his wife's HON. JEFFERY COHELAN defiance of authority which can be dealt OF CALIFORNIA with far more effectively through under­ health. The Honeycutts say that the standing and a sense of proportion than North Vietnamese would classify his son, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES through outright condemnation and vindic­ Jerry, as they do all other prisoners, as Tuesday, September 23, 1969 tive penalties. a "war criminal" rather than a "prisoner Possibly President Nixon needs a commis­ of war." This terminology means that the Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, the in­ sion of his own to acquaint him with the Red Cross is therefore unable to get creasing and continued widespread use facts of life about marijuana. If he chose a messages to or from Jerry. Far from of marihuana, especially among our very number of eminent physicians, psychiatrists being a "war criminal," Jerry Honeycutt, young people, is a problem of growing and penologists and asked them to recom­ proportions. It is a problem which de­ mend a realistic program for the marijuana like most American young men, was serv­ menace, it might well come to seem less ing out of a sense of duty and not in any mands our immediate attention. Our menancing and more manageable. warlike spirit. He was an all-State high current laws on marihuana do nothing to school football player and an outstand­ curtail its use; if anything, they force ing halfback at Duke University. users to blatantly flaunt the law. Mrs. McDaniel and Reverend Honey­ There is no doubt that further re­ BULGARIAN FIGHT FOR FREEDOM cutt gave me permission to tell their search on marihuana is a must--we have stories in the hope that it might be of evidence of the fact from leading medi­ help to other prisoners of war. Initially, cal and scientific authorities. The use of HON. SAMUEL N. FRIEDEL returned American prisoners have re­ marihuana and its consequences must be OF MARYLAND looked into more seriously and in greater mained silent about their treatment in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prison because they feared for Ameri­ depth. This is one problem we cannot cans left behind. For the same reason, solve by ignoring-for it will not just dis­ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 our military has been silent concerning appear, nor is it one we can continue to Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Speaker, the sturdy their mistreatment. But remaining silent try to solve by severe punitive measures. and stouthearted people of Bulgaria have has not brought about any better treat­ A recent editorial in the September 9 always fought for their freedom and in­ ment of our prisoners. Washington Post calls attention to these dependence, even under the most adverse Recently released prisoners have been facts. I submit it at this time for the circumstances they have never given up urged by their fellow prisoners to "tell it RECORD: their hope for the eventual attainment like it is" without fear of the conse­ THE RIDDLE OF MARI.JUANA of their goal. This has been particularly quences to those prisoners left behind. Among the great riddles of contemporary true in their modern history. For nearly The prisoners had noticed that life im­ life, marijuana surely ls entitled to high 400 years their homeland was held by proved when generals visited their rank. There ls widespread confusion, or at the Turks and they suffered under their any rate disagreement, as to the extent of its camps. Released prisoner Robert Frish­ use by the young, as to the degree of its callous overloads. On numerous occasions man said this caused the prisoners to maleficence, as to whether it ls addictive, as they rebelled against their oppressors, believe that "possibly the higher ups in to whether smoking it leads to the use of but without effective outside aid they North Vietnam may not know the truth other drugs, and above all as to how the law could not attain their freedom, and un­ about our treatment." This supposition should deal with users and purveyors. There fortunately many of these attempts at seems plausible. The North Vietnamese appears to be a clear consensus, however, rebellion ended in blood baths. are extremely sensitive about U.S. pub­ that existing laws on the subject are neither In late 19th century, however, they lic reaction to the war's coverage in the just, nor wise nor effectual. were successful because czarist Russia The President's Crime Commission, which American press, which is carefully scru­ had expert task forces at its disposal, had fought for them against the Turks, and tinized by a special section of the this to say about marijuana in its com­ their freedom was assured at the end of government. prehensive report 2Y:z years a.go: "Marijuana the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. This is why so much publicity is being is equated in the law with the opiates, but Thenceforth, independent Bulgaria en­ given to our prisoners' plight at this the abuse characteritsics of the two have al­ joyed peace for nearly four decades, but time. This is why Mrs. McDaniel and most nothing in common. The opiates pro­ the First World War proved disastrous to Reverend Honeycutt came to Washing­ duce physical dependence. Marijuana does the Bulgarian people. Besides suffering not. A withdrawal sickness appears when during the war, they were forced to yield ton, along with many other parents, use of the opiates is discontinued. No such wives, and children of prisoners, to tell symptoms are associated with marijuana. some territory to their neighbors. But their stories. This is why resolutions, The desired dose of opiates tends to increase the hard-working peasants did their best such as the one I cosponsored, have been over time, but this is not true of marijuana.. and lived happily until the outbreak of introduced in Congress. Both can lead to psychic dependence, but the last war. That war ushered in calam- September 23, 1969 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 26779 ity and tragedy for the people of Bul­ an evenhanded manner. It is necessary A.C.L.U.'S NEW WITCH HUNT-THE garia, the end of which is not yet in sight. that more responsibility be exercised to ULTIMATE ABSURDITY During the war they su1Iered under prevent the occurrence of analogous the Nazis, and in late 1944, when Bul­ eventualities. It should go without say­ garia was "liberated" by the Red Army, ing, therefore, that the present situation HON. JOHN R. RARICK for a while some people thought better must be corrected. OF LOUISIANA days ahead. But all that proved false, for I am attaching for publication in to­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the Communists took over Bulgaria and day's CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, a copy of Tuesday, September 23, 1969 wanted to make it a Soviet outpost in the the editorial "Start Collecting" from the Balkans. First, all freedoms were ta­ Reading Times of September 19, 1969: Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, the booed, and only fanatical Communists START COLLECTING A.C.L.U. witch hunters have announced had the freedom to do their worst. All The federal government, which always that they are seeking to prevent the read­ parties were eliminated by oppression, seems to be hurting when it comes to money, ing of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD tran­ and in that way the Communist Party be­ apparently isn't too concerned about money scription of prayers delivered in the U.S. came the sole political party in the it has coming to it legally. Congress. This imperious demand points country. It took more than 2 years for That would a.ppear to be the case accord­ out the ridiculousness of leftwing censor­ them to do this, and even then it was not ing to a government report which says the ship. easy for the Communists to silence their Justice Department has collected less than The A.C.L.U., as the self-appointed opponents, but by mid-1947, all anti­ half the $383 million in fines, judgments, champion of free speech, has reached the Communist forces were ruthlessly penalties and forfeitures owed the govern­ ultimate absurdity. Perhaps if God were ment during the last four years. a four-letter word, He would be accept­ crushed and their leaders charged with The disclosure was ma.de in a General some trumped-up treasonable acts. In Accounting Office private report to Rep. able to A.C.L.U.-academic freedom this way the indomitable Nikola Petkov Dante B. Fascell, D-Fla., chairman of the would demand his admission to the class­ was trapped, put under arrest, and then House Government Operations subcommit­ room. on the 23d of September he was hanged. tee. Federal courts have been quick to de­ With the execution of Petkov, the voice Collections in the last four. fiscal years tect and forbid ingenious evasions of of freedom and of democracy came to an totaled $163.2 million, or only about 42 their school integration decrees. Follow­ end in Bulgaria. Since then, the op­ per cent of the amount owed, the GAO ing the precedent established in the said. The amounts include fines imposed in Adam Clayton Powell case, we could ex­ pressed and helpless Bulgarian people criminal cases and judgments won by the are struggling, praying, and hoping for government in civil actions. pect a Federal court to recognize this their freedom. Today on the 22d anni­ Understandably, some of the money owed ingenious evasion of their prohibition of versary observance of the death of that has t.o be written off as uncollectible for school prayer and t.o react by forbidding gall'ant fighter for freedom, we wish more various reasons. But that fact notwithstand­ the Congress to open its sessions with power to all freedom fighters in Bul­ ing, the Justice Department's track record prayer, and in the alternative forbidding garia-and ultimate success. Although in the collections-at least based on the the publication of these prayers in the the captive Bulgarian people will observe preliminary figures issued by the GAO-ap­ CONGRESSIONAL RECORD where they might the tragic anniversary silently in their pears to be poor, indeed. be used to inspire the minds of school­ minds and hearts, it is our responsibility For example, the GAO said, the collection children with an idea not approved by rate for Connecticut was a mere 0.3 per the A.C.L.U. guidelines. to speak out on their behalf so the world cent of the fines and judgments imposed in will' know that America will never con­ that district. The collection rate for the I sincerely trust that the CoNGRES­ done Communist aggression. Southern Distriiot of New York was only 1.2 SION AL RECORDS which I distribute to per cent. For the Southern District of Ala· the schools in my district are used for the bama, it was 2 per cent, and for the North­ benefit of the children. ern District of that same state, 5 per cent. I. jnclude the following articles: TAX WRITEOFFS Considering the government's constant [From the New York Times, Sept. 11, 1969] quest for sources of new or increased rev­ enues and the growing restlessness of Amer­ NETCONG DEFIANT ON SCHOOL PRAYER-DE­ HON. GUS YATRON ican taxpayers, it seems obvious that one SPITE HIGH COURT, JERSEY TOWN AsKS way to help foot the b111 would be for the "MEDIATION" OF PENNSYLVANIA government to take more strenuous efforts (By Ronald Sullivan) IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to collect the mill1ons of dollars legitl.ma.tely NETCONG, N.J., September 10.-This small Tuesday, September 23, 1969 due it. rural community in western Morris County Such a move, it strikes us, not only is has decided to defy the United States Su­ Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, recently imperative, but is mandatory. preme Court's prohibition against public­ while reading the Reading Times, a school prayer. newspaper published in my hometown of The decision in favor of school prayer was Reading, Pa., I observed an editorial branded by the New Jersey chapter of the American Civil Liberties Union today as which should be of interest to all tax­ AUSTIN GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES tantamount to "anarchy." payers. AID CAMILLE VICTIMS For nearly a week 775 public-school stu­ As we all recognize, the American tax­ dents have been asked every morning to re­ payer is bearing a heavy load. The 10- main in their seats before classes for 30 percen t income tax surcharge has HON. J. J. PICKLE seconds of "voluntary, silent meditation." heightened past demands for hard­ OF TEXAS The meditation was ordered last week by earned wage. Our citizens are forced to the borough's Board of Education as an in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES terim measure while a group of local clergy­ divert substantial portions of their pay­ Tuesday, September 23, 1969 men negotiated a prayer acceptable to all checks to Uncle Sam at a time when faiths here. funds are needed to meet the rising costs Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the Govern­ The clergymen met today in the office of of an uncontrolled inflation. ment employees in Austin, Tex., rallied the Superintendent of Schools but failed to Within the context of this pervasive in admirable fashion to a plea for help agree on a common prayer and announced demand for Federal tax dollars, it was when Hurricane Camille struck our they wanted to "study the matter further." most startling and certainly disconcert­ neighbors in the gulf coast area. The only dissent was by Rabbi Richa.rd Sobel of Temple Beth Shalom, in nearby Roxbury ing to learn from the Times that the On short notice, the Federal employees Township. Department of Justice has failed to press stockpiled food and money for the home­ Rabbi Sobel was asked to join in today's for prompt collection of some $280 mil­ less victims. They gathered 800 cubic feet prayer discussion, but he declined on the lion in fines, judgments, penalties, and of boxed food, clothes, and linens. They ground that the board's action violated Fed­ forfeitures due the Federal Government donated $260 in checks for the Red Cross; eral and state laws against religious practices for the past 4-year period. This revela­ $375 in checks for the Salvation Army in public schools. tion is certain to disturb newspaper and $85 in cash to purchase food. The A.C.L.U. announced meanwhile that it was starting a court suit attacking the board's readers in my own district. American Obviously, the Federal employees in action on the ground that prayers in public taxpayers must be assured that their load Austin care. schools were banned by both the United is being fairly borne and that the Fed­ I congratulate each of them for putting States Supreme Court and the State Supreme eral Government collects its revenue in their concern into action. Court in 1963. 26780 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 23, 1969 HUGHES IS OPPOSED "Congress has a chaplain recite a prayer A NATIONAL CENTRAL CREDIT Although the Republican majorities in the and they are supported by taxpayers, too," UNION CORPORATION Legislature have approved two successive Mr. Stracco said. measures authorizing "silent school prayer,•' Sessions in Congress are customarily Gov. Richard J. Hughes, a Democrat, vetoed opened with five-minute prayers recited by HON. ROBERT TAFT, JR. the first and is expected to let the second the Rev. Dr. L. R. Elson, the Senate chaplain, die on the ground that the measures are and the Rev. Edward G. Latch, the House oF omo unconstitutional. chaplain. Their words, like all official state­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Netcong ls not alone in its defiance. A sur­ ments in the two chambers, are entered in vey a few years ago found that devotional the Oongressional Record. Tuesday, September 23, 1969 readings were being conducted in 13 per cent However, few Senators or Representatives Mr. TAFT. Mr. Speaker, on Septem­ of the country's public schools and that the are ever in a.ttendance when the prayer is ber 9, 1969, our distinguished colleague, figure in the South was just under 50 per read. cent. The prayer readings in the Netcong schools the gentleman from New Jersey

All major crimes in the District rose 21.9 and Woodl~y Place NW, proposed such a legal is the factor that a man becoming Presi­ per cent while the increase for the nation penalty as a part of what he called "drastic dent can take office with nearly 60 per­ was 9 per cent, according to the tabulations action" to combat the rise of serious crimes cent of the voters expressing no prefer­ of reports voluntarily submitted by police in Washirugton. departments thruout the country. In his congregation's weekly bulletin, Dr. ence for him. Murder and non-negligent man-slaughter Blackwelder also advocated a nightly curfew, Second. That our present federal sys­ in the District climbed from 88 in the first National Guard street patrols and special tem of representative government will be half of 1968 to 125 in the first half of 1969, protection in areas where cultural, at hletic replaced by the kind of popular democ­ a rise of 42 per cent. The national increase and religious affairs are being held. racy such as exists in France. This type was 8 per cent while the increase for the 18 The rector spoke sharply of "one group of of system has created much instability cities similar to Washington in size was 18 Christian ministers" whom he said "has con­ in that country. per cent . tributed more to stirring up people, leading Third. That a multiplicity of political Rape increased by 50 per cent, rising from them to think that they have a right to 100 in 1968 to 150 this year. The increase was retaliate if they believe they have been sup­ parties will be created. The proliferation 15 per cent nationally and 34 per cent in pressed or frustrat ed." of splinter parties could have a divisive Washington's class of cities. " If the Christian churches of Washington effect on national politics and ultimately Robberies in the District climbed from were all devoted to suggesting that people result in a government of deals rather 3,491 in 1968 to 5,098 in 1969, a 46 per cent behave better, not worse, ... that individuals than a government of the people. rise. The increase for the nation was 17 per earn their way by honest toil, not by armed Fourth. That there is a danger of a cent and for Washington-sized cities 21 per coercion, a better city may evolve," he said. costly runoff election process in which cent. All Souls' has frequently expressed differ­ Aggravat ed assault here rose 15.9 per cent, ences w1 th the social action policies endorsed almost anything could happen. Further­ from 1,489 incidents to 1,725; burglary was by the Episcopal Diocese of Washington. This more, House Joint Resolution 681 does up 14.5 per cent, from 8,829 to 10,107; lar­ year it declined to pledge or pay any part of not establish the procedure whereby the ceny $50 and over rose 57.9 per cent, 3,138 to the $14,083 it was asked to contribute to the runoff election would be carried out. 4,794; and auto theft dropped 4 per cent with diocesan mission program. F 'fth. That there is a real possibility, 4,673 reported in the first half of this year expressed by even the most avid sup­ compared to 4,878 last year. porters of this legislation, that even if Washington, the nation's ninth largest AMENDMENT TO CONSTITUTION it is approved by two-thirds of bath city, ranked sixth in murders after passing POSES DANGERS Baltimore and Houston which had more in Houses of Congress, it could not be rati­ the first half of 1968. fied by the necessary three-fourths of the The District moved from sixth to fifth HON. HENRY C. SCHADEBERG States as required by the Constitution. in robberies, again passing Baltimore. The OF WISCONSIN This would result in the retention of the District ranked eighth in assaults and 14th IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES present system which, in my opinion, in rapes. poses dangers greater than are inherent However, Washingtonians can take gloomy Tuesday, September 23, 1969 comfort from the two cities closest to theirs in this legislation. in size. In Cleveland, murder was up 53.9 Mr. SCHADEBERG. Mr. Speaker, I Mr. Speaker, although these dangers per cent, rape 59.3 per cent and robbery voted for House Joint Resolution 681 pro­ are serious, I voted for the resolution in 61.6 per cent. In St. Louis, murder jumped posing an amendment to the Constitution order that it can be immediately re­ 50.6 per cent, rape 63.8 per cent and robbery of the United States relating to the direct ceived by the State legislative bodies in 27.3 per cent. election of the President and Vice Presi­ time for ratification by the next presi­ Even more startling was San Francisco dent. Much soul-searching went into this dential election. Once there, the public, where murder jumped 102.8 per cent and now aware of the relative values of the rape rose 183.5 per cent. vote, for I disliked several things about the legislation and the effects it would proposed amendment and the present [From the Washington Post, Sept. 20, 1969] have on the political system in the United electoral system, can make their views R E CTOR SAYS RAPISTS SHOULD BE STERILIZED States. The amendment poses the fol­ known through their State representa­ tives. In the true sense of the Federal The rector of Washington's fourth largest lowing dangers: Episcopal church this week advocated com­ First. That it is not only possible, but system, the people of the United States pulsory sterilization for convicted rapists. altogether probable that no President of will be able to express their direct will, The Rev. Frank Blackwelder, rector of All the future will represent the majority will and speak on the issue of whether or not Souls' Memorial Church, Cathedral Avenue of the people. Written into this legislation they want a direct election system.

SENATE-Wednesday, September 24, 1969 The Senate met at 11 o'clock a.m. and blessing upon the millions of our men REPORT OF ST. LAWRENCE SEAWAY was called to order by the Vice President. and women in the military service of our DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION­ The VICE PRESIDENT. This morn­ Nation, sustain all chaplains in whose MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT ing we are very honored to have a guest hands rest the responsibility for the (H. DOC. NO. 91-162) chaplain, the Reverend William J. Reiss, moral and spiritual welfare of these The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the D.D., executive secretary, the Division of service people and bless their ministry. Senate the following message from the Service to Military Personnel, Lutheran And now may we all address ourselves President of the United States, which, Council in the United States of Amer­ to the duties of this day with renewed with the accompanying report, was ica, Washington, D.C. We are also very vigor and zeal. We ask it in Jesus' name. referred to the Committee on Public pleased to welcome the guest chaplains Amen. from the Lutheran Church. Works: The Reverend William J. Reiss, D.D., THE JOURNAL To the Congress of the United States: executive secretary, the Division of Serv­ In accordance with Section lO(a) of ice to Military Personnel, Lutheran Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I ask Public Law 358, 83d Congress, as Council in the United States of Amer­ unanimous consent that the reading of amended, I am transmitting the Annual ica, offered the following prayer: the J oumal of the proceedings of Tues­ Report of the St. Lawrence Seaway De­ Almighty and everlasting God, we im­ day, September 23, 1969, be dispensed velopment Corporation for the year end­ plore Thee graciously to regard this as­ with. ing December 31, 1968. sembled group of chosen Senators, and The VICE PRESIDENT. Without ob­ RICHARD NIXON. all others in authority, that, guided by jection, it is so ordered. THE WHITE HOUSE, September 24, 1969. Thee, they may be high in purpose, wise in counsel, and unwavering in duty; and MESSAGES FROM THE PRESIDENT in the administration of their solemn EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED charge may serve Thy will, uphold the Messages in writing from the Presi­ As in executive session, the Vice Pres­ honor of our Nation, secure the protec­ dent of the United States were communi­ ident laid before the Senate messages tion of our people, and set forward every cated to the Senate by Mr. Leonard, one from the President of the United righteous cause. We would also ask Thy of his secretaries. States submitting sundry nominations, CXV--1688-Part 20