Over 400 annual data profile surveys were sent out to collect the 2001 information from short line railroads. One hundred and forty-five surveys were received and entered into the 2001 database, a thirty-five percent response rate. The 2001 ADP contains summary statistics for railroad types, railroad regions, and short line database totals. The ADP uses railroad type definitions that conform with those of the Surface Transportation Board (STB) and the

Association of American Railroads (AAR). The STB classifies railroads by their operating revenues. In 2001, Class I railroads were defined as those with operating revenues exceeding

$266.6 million. There were eight U.S. railroads classified as “Class I” in 2001. The STB-defined non-Class I railroads are defined by the AAR as Regional or Local line-haul. A “Regional” railroad is a line-haul railroad with $40 million to $266.6 million in operating revenues, and/or operating over 350 miles of road. In 2001 there were 34 Regional railroads. “Local” railroads are line-haul railroads with less than $40 million in annual operating revenues and less than 350 miles of road, as well as Switching and Terminal railroads. There were 529 Local railroads in

2001. Several Canadian short line railroads operated by an American railroad holding company

are included in this edition of the ADP. Railroad type specification in this report follows the definitions of the AAR to separate Regional and Local railroads. Switching and Terminal railroads are designated by the individual railroads. The short line railroad regions used are those defined by the American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association (ASLRRA). The following map displays these regions.

ASLRRA Regions of Railroad Operation

The four regions highlighted on the map are the East, Pacific, South, and Central. A railroad that operates in more than one region is considered to belong to the region where the majority of its operations take place.

Class I statistics used in this report are taken from Railroad Facts, 2002 Edition,

Association of American Railroads. The latest version of this report may be downloaded at www.shortlinedata.com.

CUSTOMER PROFILE

Figure 1 shows the number of customers served by small railroads responding to the 2001 survey. Over 5,000 customers were served by these small railroads with nearly 6,600 commodities shipped by customer. The figure shows a detailed breakdown of customers by commodity shipped. The top three commodities account for 41 percent of the commodity customers served by small railroads. These commodities are chemicals and allied products, lumber, and farm products. Figure 2 groups the customers by commodity and ranks these groups by the percentage of all customers reported in the survey.

Figure 1. Small Railroad Customers Served by Commodity

Chemicals 1,031 Lumber 842 Farm 837 Food 626 Other 583 Waste & Scrap Mat. 426 Stone, Clay, Glass 423 Primary Metal Prod. 373 Paper 346 Transportation Equip. 326 Petroleum Products 284 Non-metallic Minerals 256 Coal 126 Metallic Ores 45 Forest 41

0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 Number of Customers

Figure 2. Small Railroad Customers Ranking by Commodity

Chemicals 16% Lumber 13% Farm 13% Food 10% Other 9% Waste & Scrap Mat. 6% Stone, Clay, Glass 6% Primary Metal Prod. 6% Paper 5% Transportation Equip. 5% Petroleum Products 4% Non-metallic Minerals 4% Coal 2% Metallic Ores 1% Forest 1%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14% 16% 18% 20% Percent of Customers

The next three figures separate the customers served by railroad type. Figure 3 shows the number of customers served by commodity for the Regional railroads responding to the 2001 survey. The Regional railroads’ largest number of customers served appears in the chemicals, lumber, farm, and food products groups. Figure 4 displays the number of customers served by commodity for Local line-haul railroads. Local line-haul railroads’ largest number of customers served is in the chemicals, farm, lumber, and food products groups. Figure 5 displays the number of customers served by commodity for Switching and Terminal (S & T) railroads responding to the 2001 survey. Switching and Terminal railroads’ largest number of customers served fall into the chemicals, primary metal products, waste & scrap, and food products groups.

Figure 3. Regional Railroad Customers Served by Commodity

Chemicals 410 Lumber 408 Farm 360 292 Other Food 217 Stone, Clay, Glass 172 Waste & Scrap Mat. 162 Transportation Equip. 139 Primary Metal Prod. 137 Paper 128 Petroleum Prod 112 Non-metallic 89 Coal 22 Metallic Ores 17 Forest 16 0 100 200 300 400 500 Number of Customers

Figure 4. Local Line-Haul Railroad Customers Served by Commodity

Chemicals 429 Farm 412 Lumber 365 332 Food Other 194 Stone, Clay, Glass 186 Waste & Scrap Mat. 180 Paper 175 Primary Metal Prod. 129 Non-metallic Minerals 128 Transportation Equip. 118 Petroleum Products 112 Coal 97 Forest 18 Metallic Ores 16 0 100 200 300 400 500 Number of Customers

Figure 5. S & T Railroad Customers Served by Commodity

Chemicals 142 Primary Metal Prod. 107 Other 97 Waste & Scrap Mat. 84 Food 77 Lumber 69 Transportation Equip. 69 Stone, Clay, Glass 65 Farm 64 Petroleum Prod 60 Paper 43 Non-metallic Minerals 39 Metallic Ores 12 Forest 7 Coal 7 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Number of Customers

TRAFFIC PROFILE

A total of 3,686,726 carloads were handled in 2001 by small railroads responding to the

survey. Switching and Terminal railroads accounted for 732,205 carloads handled (Figure 6).

Local line-haul railroads handled 1,415,416 carloads and the Regional railroads responding to the

survey handled 1,539,105 carloads. Figure 7 illustrates the average number of carloads per

railroad by type of railroad in the survey, while Figure 8 shows the average number of carloads

per employee by type of railroad.

Figure 6. Total Carloads by Railroad Type

2,000,000 1,539,105 1,415,416 1,600,000

1,200,000 732,205

800,000

400,000 Number of Carloads

S&T

Regional

Local Line-haul

Figure 7. Carloads per Railroad by Railroad Type

125,000 96,195 100,000

62,956 75,000 Average Median 50,000 31,835

14,744 Number of Carloads 25,000 5,939 6,564

S&T

Regional

Local Line-haul

Figure 8. Carloads per Employee by Railroad Type

1,000

697 750 532 545

430 500 377 294 Average Median 250 Number of Carloads

S&T

Regional

Local Line-haul

The traffic base for S & T, Local line-haul, and Regional railroads are shown in Figure 9.

Switching & Terminal railroads’ main commodities are transportation equipment, coal, and

primary metal products. Coal, paper products and farm products make up the primary

commodities handled by Local line-haul railroads. Coal, transportation equipment, and non-

metallic minerals make up the largest portion of carloads handled for Regional railroads.

Figure 9. Carloads by Railroad Type and Commodity

500 S & T Local Line-haul Regional 400

300

200

100 Thousands Of Carloads 0 Coal Food Farm Other Paper Forest Lumber Glass Products Petroleum Minerals Equip. Chemicals Products Material Stone, Clay, Non-metallic Metallic Ores Primary Metal Transportation Waste & Scrap

The small railroad traffic mix is shown in Figure 10. The commodities are shown as a

percentage of the total carloads handled reported in the survey. The top seven are coal,

transportation equipment, farm products, non-metallic minerals , chemicals, food products, and

lumber with these commodities accounting for 71 percent of the carloads handled.

The traffic mix for the Class I railroads is shown in Figure 11. Coal is the leading

commodity handled by Class I and small railroads.

Figure 10. Small Railroad Traffic Mix

Coal 24% Other 29%

Trans. Equipment Lumber 11% 6% Food Farm Products Chemicals 6% 9% Non-metallic Minerals 8% 7%

Figure 11. Class I Railroad Traffic Mix

Transportation Food Products Farm Products Equipment Chemical Non-metallic Minerals 5% 5% 6% 5% 7%

Other Mixed 22% 23%

Coal 27%

Figure 12. Eastern Region Carload Distribution

Transportation Equip. 340,111 251,124 Coal Primary Metal Prod. 81,598 77,373 Chemicals Farm 69,353 Food 58,038 57,426 Other Paper 49,035 40,843 Lumber Waste & Scrap Mat. 40,455 Petroleum Products 31,654 28,683 Non-metallic Minerals 23,056 Stone, Clay, Glass Metallic Ores 3,699 2,072 Forest

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 350,000 400,000 Number of Carloads

The Eastern region carload distribution is shown in Figure 12. Transportation equipment, coal, primary metal products and chemicals account for the largest traffic volume among the major commodities. By comparison, as shown in Figure 13, two of the larger number of customers served by commodity categories in the Eastern region, are the chemical and lumber commodities. Chemical and lumber commodities however, represent a smaller percentage of the

Eastern region carload traffic base.

Figure 13. Eastern Region Customer Mix

Food Chemical 9% 18%

Farm 9%

Other Lumber 45% 11% Waste & Scrap 8%

Figure 14. Pacific Region Carload Distribution

117,365 Lumber Metallic Ores 108,831 Coal 79,678 Food 69,738 Farm 60,124 Paper 51,466 Petroleum Products 50,808 Chemicals 47,393 Other 27,579 Transportation Equip. 23,902 Stone, Clay, Glass 22,475 Waste & Scrap Mat. 20,452 18,308 Primary Metal Prod. Non-metallic Minerals 11,118 Forest 8,834

0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 140,000 Number of Carloads

The Pacific region carload distribution is displayed in Figure 14. Lumber, metallic ores, coal, and food products were the four highest traffic volume commodities in the Pacific region in

2001. These commodities make up 52 percent of the carloads handled in this region.

Figure 15 displays the customer mix for the Pacific region. The lumber, farm, food and chemical customer groups are the largest in percentage terms although, as shown in Figure 14, several other commodity groups have more carloads.

Figure 15. Pacific Region Customer Mix

Chemical 11%

Food 12% Other 39%

Farm 19%

Lumber 19%

Figure 16. Southern Region Carload Distribution

Coal 244,679

Non-metallic Minerals 148,815

Chemicals 67,860

Paper 56,963

Other 53,226

Primary Metal Prod. 40,176

Transportation Equip. 39,521

Lumber 38,533

Food 30,534 29,611 Stone, Clay, Glass

Metallic Ores 29,222

Waste & Scrap Mat. 28,252

Farm 27,518

Petroleum Products 20,168

0 50,000 100,000 150,000 200,000 250,000 300,000 Number of Carloads

Figure 16 displays the carload traffic volume by commodity type for the Southern region.

Coal has, by far, the largest traffic volume of any commodity handled in 2001 for the responding railroads in the Southern region despite its small customer base (Figure 17). Other major commodities generating carload traffic were non-metallic minerals, chemicals, and paper.

Chemical, lumber, food products, farm products, and stone, clay & glass customers are the largest Southern region customer groups as shown in Figure 17.

Figure 17. Southern Region Customer Mix

Chemical 15%

Lumber Other 13% 45%

Stone 9% Food Farm 9% 9%

Figure 18. Central Region Carload Distribution

Coal 291,608 Farm 157,526 Non-metallic Minerals 88,951 Food 61,729 Primary Metal Prod. 60,606 Other 60,437 Chemicals 52,973 Paper 37,695 Stone, Clay, Glass 33,289 Waste & Scrap Mat. 32,457 Lumber 23,943 Petroleum Products 16,564 Transportation Equip. 9,909 Forest 1,345 Metallic Ores 305 0 100,000 200,000 300,000 Number of Carloads

The Central region’s traffic base is led by the coal category (Figure 18). Small railroads handled over 100,000 carloads of coal and farm products. Other major commodities generating carload traffic were non-metallic minerals, food products, and primary metal products.

Figure 19 illustrates the Central region’s customer mix. Eighteen percent of the region’s customers are farm product shippers while chemical and lumber customers make up 16 percent and 10 percent respectively.

Figure 19. Central Region Customer Mix

Lumber 10%

Chemical 16% Other 47%

Farm 18% Food 9%

Figure 20. Small Railroad Movement Mix

Carloads Originated & Terminated Online Interline Carloads 24% Originated Online 24%

Bridge Carloads Interline Carloads 18% Terminated Online 34%

Figure 20 represents the small railroad carload movement mix for 2001. Interline carloads terminated online is the largest carload movement type representing 34 percent of overall carload traffic. Figures 21 through 23 display the carload movement mix of the three railroad types ? Local line-haul, Regional, and Switching & Terminal.

Figure 21. Local Line-Haul Railroad Movement Mix

Interline Carloads Interline Carloads Terminated Online Originated Online 39% 27%

Bridge Carloads 6%

Carloads Originated & Terminated Online 28%

Figure 21 shows that interline carloads terminated online make up a larger portion of the

Local line-haul movement mix than for all small railroads as a group as illustrated in Figure 20.

Local cars represent 28 percent of the carloads handled by Local line-haul railroads.

Figure 22. Regional Railroad Movement Mix

Interline Carloads Originated Online Interline Carloads 25% Terminated Online 37%

Bridge Carloads 22% Carloads Originated & Terminated Online 16%

Figure 22 shows that interline carloads terminated and originated online made up the largest portion of the Regional railroad traffic volume, generating 62 percent of the total movement mix. Bridge carloads comprise 22 percent of the Regional railroad’s traffic volume compared with 18 percent for small railroads as a whole (Figure 20). By comparison, bridge carloads make up a larger portion of the movement mix for Regional railroads than for Local line- haul railroads (Figure 21).

Figure 23. Switching & Terminal Railroad Movement Mix

Interline Carloads Terminated Online 17% Carloads Originated & Terminated Online 31%

Interline Carloads Originated Online 18% Bridge Carloads 34%

The 2001 Switching & Terminal railroad respondents indicate that 31 percent of their carloads were moved locally. Interline carloads, both originated and terminated, represent 35 percent of the Switching and Terminal traffic volume. Bridge carloads represented 34 percent of the Switching and Terminal carload movement reported in the survey.

Figures 24 through 27 display the movement mix on small railroads by regions specified by the American Short Line and Regional Railroad Association. The East region movement consists mainly of carloads originated and/or terminated locally.

Figure 25 shows that interline carload traffic makes up 53 percent of the Pacific region carload movement. For the Southern region, Figure 26 shows that interline carloads terminated online make up 44 percent of the South region’s carload movement. Figure 27 shows that bridge carloads make up the smallest percent of the Central region’s movement at 9 percent, while interline carloads terminated on line are the highest at 48 percent.

Figure 24. Eastern Region Movement Mix

Carloads Originated & Terminated Online 22% Interline Carloads Originated Online 17%

Interline Carloads Bridge Carloads Terminated Online 35% 26%

Figure 25. Pacific Region Movement Mix

Interline Carloads Terminated Online Carloads Originated & 16% Terminated Online 23%

Bridge Carloads 24%

Interline Carloads Originated Online 37%

Figure 26. Southern Region Movement Mix

Carloads Originated & Terminated Online 35%

Interline Carloads Terminated Online Interline Carloads 44% Originated Online Bridge Carloads 20% 1%

Figure 27. Central Region Movement Mix

Carloads Originated & Terminated Online Interline Carloads 16% Originated Online 27%

Bridge Carloads 9% Interline Carloads Terminated Online 48%

PHYSICAL PROFILE

Small railroads responding to the 2001 survey operate a total of 17,262 route miles in the

United States. Sixty percent of those route miles are owned by the railroads, while 27 percent are operated under a lease agreement and 13 percent are operated under a trackage right agreement

(Figure 28).

Figure 29 compares the total route miles, route miles owned, route miles operated under a lease, and route miles operated with trackage rights for each of the four regions. Small railroads responding from the Central region operate the largest share of the route miles reported in the survey. Results from the survey shown in Figure 30 indicate that 69 percent of the Central region’s route miles are owned ? the la rgest of any region. The East region has the highest percentage of route miles with trackage rights at 19 percent.

Figure 28. Small Railroad Route Miles by Own/Operate Category

100% 60% 80%

60% 27% 40% 13%

20%

Percent of Total Route Miles 0% Owned Leased Trackage Rights

Figure 29. Small Railroad Route Mileage by Region

6,000 5,224

4,575 4,359

4,000 3,589 3,103

2,343 2,390 2,084 Route Miles 2,000 1,341 1,555 887 874 891 748 414 196 0

Total Route Miles Route Miles Owned Route Miles Leased Route Miles Trackage Rights

Figure 30. Small Railroad Route Mileage Percent by Region

100%

80% 67% 69%

55% 60% 51%

36% 40% 29% 28%

19% 17% 14% 20% 9% Percent of Total Route Miles 6%

0% East Pacific South Central

Route Miles Owned Route Miles Leased Route Miles Trackage Rights

Figure 31 illustrates the route miles reported in the survey according to the type of railroad. Local line-haul and Regional railroads operate the highest amount of route miles reported in the survey while Local line-haul railroads had the highest percentage of route miles with trackage rights. (Figure 32).

Figure 31. Small Railroad Route Miles by Railroad Type

12,000

10,000 8,852 8,135

8,000

5,386 6,000 4,597 Route Miles 4,000 2,551 2,012

1,206 2,000 987 575 423 95 57

- Local Linehaul Regional Switching & Terminal

Total Route Miles Route Miles Owned Route Miles Leased Route Miles Trackage Rights

Figure 32. Small Railroad Route Mileage Percent by Railroad Type

100%

74% 80% 63% 57%

60%

31% 40% 24% 17%

Percent of Total Route Miles 14% 20% 12% 10%

0% Local Linehaul Regional Switching & Terminal

Route Miles Owned Route Miles Leased Route Miles Trackage Rights

Figures 33 through 36 display the miles of track owned or leased by FRA designated track classes. Forty-one percent of the track miles owned or leased were reported as being FRA

Class 2 type track. Local line-haul railroads had the largest percentage of Class 2 track at 47 percent while Regional railroads had the highest percentage of Class 3. Switching & Terminal railroads had the highest percentage of Class 1 track with 54 percent.

Figure 33. Small Railroad FRA Track Class Percentage

Excepted Class 1 8% Class 4 17% 9%

Class 3 25%

Class 2 41%

Figure 34. Local Line-Haul FRA Track Class Percentages

Excepted Class 1 Class 4 8% 4% 17%

Class 3 24%

Class 2 47%

Figure 35. Regional Railroad FRA Track Class Percentages

Excepted Class 1 7% 13% Class 4 15%

Class 2 Class 3 37% 28%

Figure 36. Switching & Terminal FRA Track Class Percentages

Class 2 Class 3 23% 11% Class 4 0% Excepted 12%

Class 1 54%

Figure 37 shows the ties replaced (new or used) per mile of road by railroad type. In

2001, Switching & Terminal railroads had the highest median ties replaced per mile with 69.

Figure 38 shows the South region had the highest tie replacement rate with an average of 64 ties

replaced per mile, followed by the East region’s average of 62 ties replaced per mile. The Pacific

region had the lowest median tie replacement rate per mile, while the Central and the Pacific had

the lowest average tie replacement rate per mile.

Figure 37. Ties Replaced Per Route Mile by Railroad Type

140 108 120

100 69 80 62 56 50 60 33

Number of Ties 40

- S&T Local Line-haul Regional

Average Ties Replaced Per Mile Median Ties Replaced Per Mile

Figure 38. Ties Replaced Per Route Mile by Region

100

80 64 63 62 60

49 47 60 44 34 40 Number of Ties 20

- East South Central Pacific

Average Ties Replaced Per Mile Median Ties Replaced Per Mile

The small railroad bridge inventory is shown in Figure 39. Forty-one percent of the bridges reported in the 2001 survey are wood. Steel bridges make up 27 percent of the bridges, while 22 percent are combination, and 10 percent are concrete.

Table1 lists the number of small railroad bridges reported by region. The East region had the highest percentage of steel bridges with 49 percent while the Pacific region had the lowest percentage of concrete bridges at 6 percent (Table 2).

Figure 39. Small Railroad Bridge Inventory

Steel 27% Wood 41%

Combination 22% concrete 10%

Table 1. Inventory of Bridges by Region Region Concrete Steel Wood Combination Total East 293 738 359 116 1,505 Central 197 545 1185 535 2,462 Pacific 112 344 727 636 1,819 South 112 228 506 216 1,062

Table 2. Bridge Type Percentages by Region Region Concrete Steel Wood Combination East 19% 49% 24% 8% Central 8% 22% 48% 22% Pacific 6% 19% 40% 35% South 11% 21% 48% 20%

Figure 40 shows the bridges per mile of road by railroad type. Regional railroads had the highest average number of bridges per mile while the Local line-haul railroads had the lowest average number of bridges per mile. The Central region had the highest average number of bridges per mile as shown in Figure 41.

Figure 40. Bridges Per Mile of Road by Railroad Type

1.00

0.80 0.48 0.46 0.48 0.60 0.41 0.34 0.31 0.40

Number of Bridges 0.20

0.00 S&T Local Line-haul Regional

Average Number of Bridges Per Mile Median Number of Bridges Per Mile

Figure 41. Bridges Per Mile of Road by Region

1.00

0.80

0.51 0.60 0.48 0.41 0.35 0.33 0.3 0.32 0.40 0.26

Number of Bridges 0.20

0.00 East South Central Pacific

Average Number of Bridges Per Mile Median Number of Bridges Per Mile

The number of highway grade crossings reported in the survey is shown in Tables 3 and

4. Table 3 lists the grade crossings by railroad type and Table 4 lists by region. Approximately

61 percent of railroad grade crossings reported were public grade crossings. Regional railroads reported 25 percent of their crossings equipped with automatic warning devices - the highest percentage of the three railroad types.

Table 3. Inventory of Railroad Grade Crossings by Railroad Type

Automatic Region Public Private Warning Devices Local Line-haul 7,534 4,526 2,788 Regional 6,195 4,113 2,602 S & T 497 554 173

Table 4. Inventory of Railroad Grade Crossings by Region

Automatic Region Public Private Warning Devices East 3,810 2,776 1,494 Central 4,404 2,549 1,443 Pacific 2,416 2,573 1,056 South 3,596 1,295 1,570

Figure 42 shows the grade crossings per mile of road by type of railroad. Switching and

Terminal railroads had the greatest number of grade crossings per mile. As shown in Figure 43, the South region had the highest percent of crossings equipped with automatic warning devices.

Figure 42. Grade Crossings Per Mile of Road by Railroad Type

2.50 1.90 1.86 2.00 1.51 1.43 1.27 1.17 1.50

1.00

0.50 Number of Crossings

0.00 S&T Local Line-haul Regional

Average Number of Crossings Per Mile Median Number of Crossings Per Mile

Figure 43. Grade Crossings with Automatic Warning Devices by Region

50%

40% 32%

23% 30% 21% 21%

20%

10% Percent of All Crossings

0% East South Central Pacific

EQUIPMENT

The small railroad locomotive power distribution is given in Figure 44. Seventy-nine percent of all locomotives reported as owned or leased were in the 1,500 to 3,000 horsepower range.

Figure 44. Small Railroad Locomotive Power Distribution

1,500-3,000 Horsepower 79%

<1,500 Horsepower >3,000 Horsepower 13% 8%

Figure 45 reports the age distribution of locomotives for small railroads reporting in the survey. It also shows a very large majority of locomotives owned or leased by small railroads are over 20 years old. Only 3 percent of the reported small railroad locomotives are less than 10 years old compared to approximately 30 percent for the Class I locomotives reported by the

Association of American Railroads.

Figure 45. Small Railroad Locomotive Age Distribution

10-20 Years Old 9% <10 Years Old 3%

>20 Years Old 88%

Figure 46 shows the age distribution among railroad freight cars owned or leased by those small railroads responding to the 2001 survey. Sixty-seven percent of the freight cars are greater than 20 years old, while 20 percent are less than 10 years old. As shown in Figure 47,

Local line-haul railroads had 21 percent of their car fleet less than 10 years old compared with 1 percent of Switching & Terminal railroads. Switching & Terminal railroads had the highest percent of cars greater than 20 years old at 89 percent.

Figure 46. Small Railroad Freight Car Age Distribution

>20 Years Old 67%

<10 Years Old 20%

10-20 Years Old 13%

Figure 47. Freight Car Age Distribution by Railroad Type

68% > 20 Years 61% 89%

9% 10-20 Years 18% 10%

23% < 10 Years 21% 1%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Percent of Car Fleet

S & T Local Line-haul Regional

Figures 48 and 49 identify the car type distribution for responding small railroads and

Class I railroads. The highest percent of car types for small railroads are the box car and covered hopper. The highest percent of car types for Class I railroads are the covered hopper and the tank car.

Figure 48. Small Railroad Car Type Distribution

Open Top Hoppers 13% Box Cars 29%

Gondolas 20%

All Others 2% Flat Cars Covered Hoppers 14% 22%

Figure 49. Class I Car Type Distribution

Tank Covered Hoppers 19% 30% Refrigerator 2%

Flat 11%

Hopper 12% Gondolas Box 15% 11%

Figures 50 through 52 show the car type distribution by type of railroad. The top car types for Regional carriers are covered hoppers and gondolas. The top car types for Local line- haul carriers are box cars and covered hoppers while Switching & Terminal carriers top car types are gondolas and open top hoppers.

Figure 50. Regional Railroad Car Type Distribution

Gondolas 23% Box Cars Covered Hoppers 10% 31%

Open Top Hoppers Flat Cars All Others 15% 20% 1%

Figure 51. Local Line-Haul Car Type Distribution

Open Top Hoppers 10% All Others 3% Flat Cars 8%

Box Cars Covered Hoppers 55% 14%

Gondolas 10%

Figure 52. S & T Car Type Distribution

Box Cars 5% Open Top Hoppers 21% All Others 0% Flat Cars 6%

Gondolas Covered Hoppers 56% 12%

FINANCES

The average operating ratio for each type of small railroad is illustrated in Figure 53. The highest average operating ratio was for Switching & Terminal railroads at 91.2 percent followed by Regional railroads at 79.7 percent and Local line-haul railroads at 75.4 percent. The operating ratio is calculated by dividing a railroad’s total operating expenses by total operating revenues.

Figure 53. Average Operating Ratio by Type of Railroad

100.0% 96.2%

95.0% 91.2%

90.0%

85.0% 79.7%

Operating Ratio (%) 80.0% 75.4% 75.2% 74.3%

75.0%

70.0% S & T Local Line-haul Regional

Average Median

The total liabilities to total assets ratio for all assets and liabilities reported by the small

railroads responding to the 2001 survey is illustrated in Figure 54.

Figure 54. Small Railroad Total Liabilities to Total Assets Ratio

60% 45.2%

50%

40%

30% Percent

20%

10%

Projected capital investments over the next 5-year period (2002-2006) are illustrated in

Figures 55 through 58. Figure 55 illustrates the distribution of projected investments among three major categories: road, equipment and other. The total dollar amount for each investment category is shown in Figure 56. Figures 57 and 58 provide greater detail by subdividing these categories into locomotive, rolling stock, track, structures, and other.

Figure 55. Projected Capital Investment Distribution for Next 5-Year Period

Other 6%

Equipment 21%

Road 73%

Figure 56. Projected Capital Investment Dollar Amount for Next 5-Year Period

$500 $411

$450 $400

$350 $300 $250

$200 $115

Millions of Dollars $150 $36 $100 $50

$0 Road Equipment Other 47

Figure 57. Projected Capital Investment Distribution for Next 5- Year Period

Other Rolling Stock 6% 8% Locomotives 12%

Track Structures 63% 11%

Figure 58. Projected Capital Investment Dollar Amount for Next 5-Year Period

$500

$400 $347

$300

$200 Millions of Dollars $68 $63 $100 $36 $46

$0 Track Other Rolling Stock Locomotives Structures

The percentage of an investment funded internally for the more detailed categories of capital investment is shown in Figure 59. Figure 60 illustrates the major projected capital investment categories on a per carload basis. Figure 61 displays the projected capital investments on a per route mile owned and operated basis.

Figure 59. Projected Capital Investment for Next 5-Year Period Funded Internally

100% 92% 95% 85% 90% 84%

85%

80% 75% 71% 75%

70%

65% Percent Funded Internally 60%

55%

50% Other Structures Rolling Stock Track Locomotives

Figure 60. Annual Projected Capital Investment per Carload for Next 5-Year Period $37

$40

$35

$30

$25

$20 $10 $15 Dollars per Carload $10 $3

$0 Road Equipment Other

Figure 61. Annual Projected Capital Investment per Route Mile Owned & Operated for Next 5-Year Period

$10,400 $12,000

$10,000

$8,000

$6,000 $2,900 $4,000

Dollars per Route Mile $900 $2,000

$0 Road Equipment Other

OPERATING STATISTICS

The average length of haul per railroad for the small railroads responding to the 2001 survey is shown in Figure 62. Regional railroads had the highest average length of haul among the small railroads at 204 miles compared to the Class I average length of haul at 858 miles. The

Pacific region had the highest average length of haul per railroad of the four ASLRRA regions as shown in Figure 63.

Figure 62. Average Length of Haul by Railroad Type

1000 858 900 800 700 600 500 Miles 400 204 300

200 31 6 100 0 Class I Regional Local Line-haul S & T

Figure 63. Average Length of Haul by Region

70 57

60 46 43 50 33 40

Miles 30

0 Central East Pacific South 51

The average revenue per carload is shown in Figure 64. Regional railroads had the highest average revenue per carload at $357 per car while Local line-haul railroads had $265 per car. The Pacific region had the highest average revenue per carload of the four ASLRRA regions

(Figure 65).

Figure 64. Average Revenue per Carload by Railroad Type

357 400

265 300

200 126 Dollars per Carload 100

0 Regional Local Line-haul S & T

Figure 65. Average Revenue per Carload by Region

358 400

295 286

300 205

200 Dollars per Carload 100

0 Central East Pacific South

Figure 66 shows the average weight per car for each of the three small railroad types. Figures 67

and 68 illustrate the average fuel cost per gallon for the railroad types and the regions.

Figure 66. Average Weight per Car by Railroad Type

95 110 88 86 100

90 80 70

Tons 50 40 30

20 10 0 S & T Regional Local Line-haul

Figure 67. Average Fuel Cost per Gallon by Railroad Type

1.20 0.94 1.10 0.91 0.84 1.00 0.90 0.80 0.70 0.60 0.50 Dollars per Gallon 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Regional Local Line-haul S & T

Figure 68. Average Fuel Cost per Gallon by Region

1.2 0.96 0.95 1.1 0.91 0.86 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5

Dollars per Gallon 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 Central East Pacific South

Participating Railroads Contact Person A T & L Railroad Company Danny Williams Aberdeen, Carolina & Western Railway Co Inc William G. Bartosh Appanoose County Community Railroad Jim Senior Arkansas & Missouri Railroad J. P. Lipka Arkansas Midland Railroad Charles Laggan Atlantic & Western Railway LP Ella Frye Bauxite & Northern Railroad Co Clifton Sherdian Bay Line Railroad LLC Jerry Hood/Doug Davis Bighorn Divide & Wyoming Railroad Cliff Root Birmingham Southern Railroad John F. Marteeny California Northern Railroad Bob Jones Camas Prairie RailNet, Inc. Kevin Spradlin Canton Railroad Company John Handley Cape Breton & Central Nova Scotia Railway Julie Herbort Carolina Coastal Railway Ricky Shook Carolina Piedmont Railroad Julie Herbort Carolina Rail Service, LLC Jody Gillikin Cascade & Columbia River Railroad Co. Julie Herbort Cascade and Columbia River Buck Workman Central Michigan Railway William Salter Central Montana Rail, Inc. Carla R. Allen Central New England Railroad, Inc. Bryan J. Belliveau Central Oregon & Pacific Railroad Julie Herbort Central Railroad Company of Indiana Julie Herbort Central Railroad Company of Indianapolis Julie Herbort Central Western Railway Julie Herbort Central Western Railway Julie Herbort Chattahoochee Industrial Railroad Bobby G. Shelley Chesapeake & Albemarle Railroad Julie Herbort Chicago SouthShore & SouthBend RR H. T. Hearst Columbia and Cowlitz Railway Leann Beall Columbia Basin Railroad Brig Temple Columbia Terminal Railroad Christian Johanningmeier Commonwealth Railway Ricky Shook Conecuh Valley Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse Connecticut Southern Railroad Julie Herbort Copper Basin Railway, Inc Jake Jacobson Crab Orchard and Egyptian Herbert J. Soberg Dakota, Minnesota & Eastern Railroad Lynn A. Anderson Dallas, Garland & Northeastern Railroad Julie Herbort Delta Valley & Southern Railway Company Robert H. Fuller E & N Railway Company Julie Herbort East Cooper & Berkeley Railroad Jimmy Stuart East Erie Commercial Railroad Richard C. Washek East Tennessee Railway, LP Keith Holley Effingham Railroad Company Charles Barenfanger Elgin, Joliet & Eastern Railway Company John F. Marteeny Florida Central Railroad Rene Mayer

Florida East Coast Railway, L.L.C. T. R. Ballas Florida Midland Railroad Rene Mayer Florida Northern Railroad Rene Mayer Galveston Railroad LP Ronnie R. Surovki Georgetown Railroad William B. Snead Georgia & Florida Railnet, Inc. W. T. Hart Georgia Central Railway, LP Cecil Bowden Georgia Southwestern Railroad Julie Herbort Goderich Exeter Railway Julie Herbort Golden Triangle Railroad Benjy Jones Grand Rapids Julie Herbort Hollis & Eastern Railroad Danny Pence Hoosier Southern Railroad Richard L. Neumann Huron & Eastern Railway Julie Herbort Illinois & Midland Railroad, Inc. Spencer White Illinois Railnet Theodore N. Bissen Indiana & Ohio Railway Julie Herbort Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad Company James Bendell Indiana Southern Railroad Julie Herbort Iowa Interstate Railroad, Ltd. Lori L. Frost Iowa Northern Railway Company Mark Sabin Kankakee, Beaverville & Southern RR Bob Garner Knox & Kane Railroad Teri Phillips Knoxville & Holston River Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse KWT Railway, Inc Bill Anderson Lake State Railway Company Lyle Tolfree II Lakeland & Waterways Julie Herbort Laurinburg & Southern Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse Lexington & Ohio Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse Little Rock & Western Railway, LP Alan Wagoner M & B Railroad LLC Herb Strange Mackenzie Northern Railway Julie Herbort Madison Railroad Cathy S. Hale Michigan Shore Julie Herbort Mid-Michigan Railroad Julie Herbort Minnesota, Dakota & Western Railway Kristen Wold Mississippi & Skuna Valley Railroad Rachel Tutor Mississippi Export Railroad Company Bronte Dixon Mississippian Railway Cooperative Jason Scroggins Missouri & Northern Arkansas Railroad Julie Herbort Modesto and Empire Traction Company James D. Ross Montana Rail Link, Inc. Mary Semmens Mt. Hood Railroad Co. Daniel L. Reynolds Nash County Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse Nebraska Kansas Colorado RailNet Jerry Duffy New England Central Railroad Julie Herbort New York & Atlantic Railway Company Joel Torres Norfolk and Portsmouth Belt Line T. L. Hobbs North Carolina & Virginia Railroad Julie Herbort Ohio Central Railroad Julie Herbort

Ottawa Valley Railway Julie Herbort Otter Tail Valley Railroad Julie Herbort Paducah & Louisville Railway, Inc. Tom Greene Pickens Railway Company Nancy Johnson Pioneer Valley Railroad Bennett Biscan Port Jersey Railroad Company Bob Bailey Port Royal Railroad Jimmy Stuart Port Terminal Railroad Jimmy Stuart Portland & Western Railroad Toby J. Van Altvorst Progressive Rail, Incorporated Tim Eklund Public Utilities Commission Jimmy Stuart Railroad Switching Service of Missouri, Inc Barry S. McClure Rarus Railway Company Bill McCarthy Redmont Railway Company, Inc Gary Dees Rio Valley Switching Company Barry S. McClure Riverport Railroad, LLC John C. Koster Saginaw Valley Railway Julie Herbort San Diego & Imperial Valley Railroad Julie Herbort San Manuel Arizona Railroad Company Jan Peodle Santa Fe Southern Robert Fine Semo Port Railroad (SE) Dan Overbey South Branch Valley Railroad John J. Philbrick South Carolina Central Railroad Julie Herbort Southern Ontario Railway Julie Herbort Southern Switching Co. Barry S McClure St. Lawrence & Atlantic Railroad Rene Duchesne Tacoma Rail Dennis H. Dean Talleyrand Terminal Railroad Ricky Shook Tennessee Southern Railroad Co., Inc. Tony Brunson Texas & New Mexico Railroad Julie Herbort Texas Northeastern Railroad Julie Herbort Texas SouthEastern Railroad Gary Mike Smith The Huntsville and Madison County Railroad Authority Laurali Hollister The Indiana RailRoad Company Michael Engel Three Notch Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse Toledo, Peoria & Western Railway Julie Herbort Tomahawk Railway L.P. John Ramassini Tuscola & Saginaw Bay Railway James W. Schell Twin Cities & Western Railroad Holli Schafer Utah Railway Company Barry Olsen Valdosta Railway, LP Ed Barrs Ventura County Railroad Julie Herbort Virginia Southern Railroad Julie Herbort Western Kentucky Railway, LLC Tim Wyatt Wilmington Terminal Railroad Billy Tucker Wiregrass Central Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse Yadkin Valley Railroad Co Inc Ed Shouse

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