Special List 405: Scramble for Africa
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Civilizing Africa” in Portuguese Narratives of the 1870’S and 1880’S Luísa Leal De Faria
Empire Building and Modernity Organização Adelaide Meira Serras Lisboa 2011 EMPIRE BUILDING AND MODERNITY ORGANIZAÇÃO Adelaide Meira Serras CAPA, PAGINAÇÃO E ARTE FINAL Inês Mateus Imagem na capa The British Empire, 1886, M. P. Formerly EDIÇÃO Centro de Estudos Anglísticos da Universidade de Lisboa IMPRESSÃO E ACABAMENTO TEXTYPE TIRAGEM 200 exemplares ISBN 978-972-8886-17-2 DEPÓSITO LEGAL 335129/11 PUBLICAÇÃO APOIADA PELA FUNDAÇÃO PARA A CIÊNCIA E A TECNOLOGIA ÍNDICE Foreword Luísa Leal de Faria . 7 Empire and cultural appropriation. African artifacts and the birth of museums Cristina Baptista . 9 Here nor there: writing outside the mother tongue Elleke Boehmer . 21 In Black and White. “Civilizing Africa” in Portuguese narratives of the 1870’s and 1880’s Luísa Leal de Faria . 31 Inverted Priorities: L. T. Hobhouse’s Critical Voice in the Context of Imperial Expansion Carla Larouco Gomes . 45 Ways of Reading Victoria’s Empire Teresa de Ataíde Malafaia . 57 “Buy the World a Coke:” Rang de Basanti and Coca-colonisation Ana Cristina Mendes . 67 New Imperialism, Colonial Masculinity and the Science of Race Iolanda Ramos . 77 Challenges and Deadlocks in the Making of the Third Portuguese Empire (1875-1930) José Miguel Sardica . 105 The History of the Sevarambians: The Colonial Utopian Novel, a Challenge to the 18th Century English Culture Adelaide Meira Serras . 129 Isaiah Berlin and the Anglo-American Predicament Elisabete Mendes Silva . 143 Nabobs and the Foundation of the British Empire in India Isabel Simões-Ferreira . 155 Foreword ollowing the organization, in 2009, of the first conference on The British Empire: Ideology, Perspectives, Perception, the Research Group dedicated Fto Culture Studies at the University of the Lisbon Centre for English Studies organized, in 2010, a second conference under the general title Empire Building and Modernity. -
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / PORTUGAL / POLITICAL CONTEXT
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / PORTUGAL / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1807 - 1816 Portugal Political Context First Napoleonic invasion. Prince Regent João (1767–1826, crowned in 1816) transfers the court and the seat of political power to Brazil, avoiding being deposed and replaced by a Napoleonic nominee as in other European kingdoms. In Portugal, Beresford, the British governor, intervenes in Portuguese general politics disregarding national needs. 1817 - 1821 Portugal Political Context The emergence of liberal ideas. In Porto a Provisional Ruling Council is created (1820) and pursues the rebellion against British rule that started in Lisbon. Liberal revolution breaks out in Porto (August 1820), spreads to Lisbon, beginning the radical cycle known as Vintismo. King João VI is forced to return to Portugal from Brazil in 1821. 1822 Portugal Political Context 1 October: Inspired by Cadiz Constitution members of Parliament authored the first liberal Constitution. King João VI (1767-1826) promulgated the document on 1 October 1822, in Lisbon. Royal prerogatives and the nobles and clergy privileges were limited, though with a weak impact. 1822 Portugal Political Context King João VI asks his heir Prince Pedro, Duke of Braganza (1798–1834) to remain in Brazil. Part of the court decides to stay there. Facing revolt against the anti- Brazilian policy of Portugal, Pedro proclaims the independence of Brazil on 7 September (Grito do Ipiranga). In October he is acclaimed as the first Brazilian Emperor, Pedro I. 1826 - 1832 Portugal Political Context With the death of his father, Emperor Pedro I of Brazil becomes Pedro IV of Portugal but gives up the throne to his daughter, future Queen Maria II. -
Asimi) Qawasim Confederation Migrates to the Coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian Littoral
Timeline / Before 1800 to After 1930 / POLITICAL CONTEXT Date Country Theme 1700 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context In the early 1700s, the (Al-Qasimi) Qawasim confederation migrates to the coast of the Arab Gulf from the Persian littoral. Here, they establish their main base in Julfar (later Ras al-Khaimah), soon extending their sway all along the lower Gulf, across areas of the east coast and towns on the Persian littoral. 1765 - 1800 Saudi Arabia Political Context In 1765 Imam Muhammad bin Saud establishes the First Saudi State in Arabia, starting with the Najd region, and making its capital the city of Dir‘iyya. 1782 - 1813 Tunisia Political Context During the reign of Hammuda Pasha Bey, known as the “Founder” of modern Tunisia, the Regency of Tunis enjoys a thriving economy and an overall sense of security. 1790 - 1800 United Arab Emirates (Sharjah) Political Context Between around 1790 and the early 1800s, threatened by increasing British inroads into traditional Gulf economies and politics, and supported by the Persians and Omanis, the Qawasim attack British vessels to defend their economic empire in the Lower Gulf. 1797 Austria Political Context Austria and France conclude the Treaty of Campo Formio on 17 October. Austria then cedes to Belgium and Lombardy. To compensate, it gains the eastern part of the Venetian Republic up to the Adige, including Venice, Istria and Dalmatia. 1800 - 1803 Saudi Arabia Political Context Most parts of Arabia become part of the new Saudi State. In 1803, The two holy cities of Mecca (Makkah) and Medina (Madinah), along with the rest of the Hijaz region, join the Saudi State. -
The Portuguese in South Africa; with a Description of the Native Races
The Portuguese in South Africa; with a description of the native races between the river Zambesi and the Cape of Good Hope during the sixteenth century by George M'Call Theal Author(s: Theal, George McCall, 1837-191 Published by: Negro Universities Press Persistent URL: URI:http://hdl.handle.net/10316.2/35399 Accessed : 8-Oct-2021 22:24:52 The browsing of UC Digitalis, UC Pombalina and UC Impactum and the consultation and download of titles contained in them presumes full and unreserved acceptance of the Terms and Conditions of Use, available at https://digitalis.uc.pt/en/terms_and_conditions. As laid out in the Terms and Conditions of Use, the download of restricted-access titles requires a valid licence, and the document(s) should be accessed from the IP address of the licence-holding institution. Downloads are for personal use only. The use of downloaded titles for any another purpose, such as commercial, requires authorization from the author or publisher of the work. As all the works of UC Digitalis are protected by Copyright and Related Rights, and other applicable legislation, any copying, total or partial, of this document, where this is legally permitted, must contain or be accompanied by a notice to this effect. almamater.uc.pt digitalis.uc.pt IN SOUTH AFRICA. 283 concluded between the governments of Portugal and of the South African Eepublic, as the state established by the emigrant farmers from the Cape Colony was called, and in it a boundary line was fixed from the parallel of 26° 30' south latitude along the highest ridge of the Lebombo mountains to the centre of the lower poort of Komati, where the river of that name passes through the range, thence in a straight line about north by east to Pokioenskop on the northern bank of the Olifants river where it passes through the mountains, thence in a direction about north-west by north to the nearest point of the mountains of Chacundo on the Umvubu river, and thence in a straight line to the junction of the Pafuri and Limpopo rivers. -
G-Ccza Kingdom S
/\fotes on ihe Xritetn Structure of ihe G-ccza kingdom S. MozPumhio 1 8 1 4 0 — f895 Q .U e ^ a n a UNIVERSITY of ZIMBABWE MUYersity ARCHIVES 178 NOTES ON THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE GAZA KINGDOM OF SOUTHERN MOZAMBIQUE 1840-1895 by GERHARD LIESEGANG 1 The state of the Gaza Nguni vaa a complex social formation with a dominant society in the centre and societies which were dominated to various degrees on the periphery. The political and cultural impact of the Nguni was strongest near the capital (and in the south) and faint near the borders. Succession, m arriage, bridepi^ce etc. differed among the dominated societies and reflected ethnic traditions adapted to local conditions (e. g. in those areas where tripanosomiasis was prevalent there could be no brideprice in cattle). Social relations in the areas where the dominant group lived were characterized by the presence of distinct social strata and a large number of captives in the process of distribution and incorporation into the dominant society. Any description of the Gaza political and social system has to take this complexity into account. The central Gaza society was socially stra ified and so were the nearly autonomous chieftainships near the borders. To some extent this was a colonial situation and it is not surprising that some Shona historians, perhaps following nationalist oial tradition, have tended to deny or minimize Gaza 3 influence near Zimbabwe's eastern borders. It seems that by the 1890's the domination of the centre was justi fied by the ruling strata in term s of ethnic superiority and the superior 4 quality of the Nguni military system , as well as by previous m ilitary conquest and submission .of the local populations, e. -
Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, Vol
VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology E-ISSN: 1809-4341 [email protected] Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Brasil de Pina-Cabral, João Listing Rivers and Train Stations: Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique VIBRANT - Vibrant Virtual Brazilian Anthropology, vol. 2, núm. 1-2, diciembre, 2005, pp. 27-53 Associação Brasileira de Antropologia Brasília, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=406941900003 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 27 Listing Rivers and Train Stations: Primary Solidarities and the Colonial Past in Mozambique João de Pina-Cabral 1 Summary In understanding present-day Mozambique, stress is usually placed on the colonial/postcolonial temporal boundary as a foundational moment. Colonialism, socialist post colonialism and the present capitalist period appear to annul each other in succession through a chain of successive acts of overcoming. This paper argues that this gives rise to a number of incongruities, for it hides the way in which social persons are linked to historical processes via their primary solidarities. The past and the present are constantly being re-mixed into conglomerates of experience, where each component becomes largely indissociable from the others. The past and the present constantly visit each other in human experience. It is argued that only thus can one make sense of the claims to elite status that are witnessed today. 1 Institute of Social Sciences,University of Lisbon,October 2004. -
Territory Spatio-Historical Approaches to State Formation
2 Territory Spatio-Historical Approaches to State Formation Every human society has some sort of territorial structure. … In studying political organization, we have to deal with the maintenance or establishment of social order, within a territorial framework, by the organized exercise of coercive authority through the use, or the possibility of use, of physical force. A. R. Radcliffe-Brown (1955 [1940]: xiv) What does the notion of territory entail for state formation? As Elden (2013) has made clear in his recent genealogy of territory, it may be seen as a spatial extension of state power. While Elden’s point is crucial, in this chapter I will entertain the idea that the colonial state form is not different in its key dynamics from later state forms, as well as cer- tain African polities, and in this way the chapter challenges the idea of the colonial state as radically different from earlier or later state forms. While basing myself on information from Manica Province, the empiri- cal material expands beyond these demarcations and involves also cru- cial elements from the greater Shona-speaking area, Southern Rhodesia and Zimbabwe, Malawi, South Africa, and other areas. Manica Province is, thus, part of a much larger political fi eld. Theoretically, of course, there is a long-standing interest in a territo- rial approach to past and present formations of state. As, for example, Foucault (2007 [2004]: 96]) argues, sovereignty is exercised on a terri- Berghahn Open Access Edition- Not for Resale Territory 57 tory and, consequently, on its inhabitants. In the characteristic manner of the Foucauldian genealogy, this notion of territory is integral to a for- mative triangular order that also comprises security and population— an order crucial to his overall analysis of biopower and the state form. -
Portuguese Africa and the West
Portuguese Africa and the West http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp20004 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Portuguese Africa and the West Author/Creator Minter, William Publisher Monthly Review Press, Penguin Books Date 1972-00-00 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Portugal, Lusophone Africa (region), Western Europe (region), North America (region), United States Coverage (temporal) 1941 - 1971 Rights By kind permission of William Minter. Description This book provides general background on Portuguse colonialism and anti-colonial struggles, with a particular focus on the role of Western powers, including the United States and Western Europe. -
O Passado E O Presente Literário De Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa Gungunhana
Gungunhana: o passado e o presente literário de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa Gungunhana: the literary past and present of Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa Adilson Fernando Franzin* Resumo: O passado e o presente literário de Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa se unem em Gungunhana, pois esta obra, publicada em 2018, é composta pelo romance Ualalapi, originalmente lançado em 1987, e por uma segunda seção na qual se encontra a narrativa inédita de As Mulheres do Imperador, reconstrução ficcional de um silenciado universo feminino que integrou o Império de Gaza, em fins do século XIX. Ao presente estudo impõe-se o desejo de compreender como o escritor moçambicano – munido de saberes socioculturais notáveis e transitando nos limites entre ficção e história – esteticamente recompôs as subjetividades femininas em As Mulheres do Imperador, as quais tiveram não apenas que criar estratégias de sobrevivência durante os quinze anos de exílio, mas também ressignificar suas vidas no retorno ao solo de Moçambique, em 1911. Palavras-Chave: Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa; Gungunhana; Ualalapi; As mulheres do imperador, Literatura Moçambicana; Abstract: Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa's past and literary present unite in Gungunhana, as this work, published in 2018, is composed of the novel Ualalapi, originally released in 1987, and a second section in which is the unpublished narrative of As Mulheres do Imperador, fictional reconstruction of a muted female universe that integrated the Gaza Empire in the late nineteenth century. The present study imposes the desire to understand how the Mozambican writer - armed with remarkable socio-cultural knowledge and transcending the boundaries between fiction and history - aesthetically recomposed the feminine subjectivities in The Emperor's Women, which not only had to create survival strategies during the fifteen years of exile, but also to re-signify their lives in the return to the soil of Mozambique in 1911. -
A Timeline of Anglo-Portuguese Relations (From the 12Th Century to Date)
A Timeline of Anglo-Portuguese relations (from the 12th Century to date) With grateful thanks to Dr. Paulo Lowndes Marques O.B.E. (1941-2010), who produced this research in the last year of his life. He was a longstanding Chairman of The British Historical Society of Portugal for 25 years. English Crusaders who had embarked at Dartmouth on their way to what was later known as the 2nd Crusade, were persuaded by the Bishop of Oporto to help the young 1147 Portuguese King D. Afonso Henriques in the conquest of Lisbon from the Moors. The only extensive account of the siege and conquest is a letter by an English priest, Fr. Osbern. The first bishop of Lisbon was Gilbert of Hastings. The Basilica of Mártires in the Chiado area of Lisbon is dedicated to the English Crusaders who fell during the siege. The 1147 English Sarum rite for the liturgy of the Mass was introduced, which continued until 1536. Gilbert of Hastings died in 1166. He was buried in the Cathedral, but his tomb is now lost. English Crusaders joined in the siege of Silves and fought 1189 "with the utmost ferocity". 1217 English Crusaders helped with the conquest of Alcácer do Sal. 15 The Treaty of Tagilde, signed near Braga, between D. 1372 Fernando of Portugal and Edward III, regarding the latter’s son, John of Gaunt, ambitions to become King of Castille. A Treaty between Portugal and England was signed in St. Paul’s Cathedral by D. Fernando, last of the Burgundy dynasty, King of Portugal, and Edward III, King of England. -
Timeline / 1880 to 1920 / PORTUGAL
Timeline / 1880 to 1920 / PORTUGAL Date Country Theme 1880 Portugal Rediscovering The Past Celebration of the third centenary of the death of Luís de Camões. His poetry is considered the epitome of Portuguese literature both for The Lusiads, the epic national poem in which Vasco da Gama tells the history of Portugal to the Samorim (king) of Calcutta upon his arrival in India in 1498, and for his love sonnets. 1880 Portugal Rediscovering The Past The 11th International Congress of Anthropology and Prehistoric Archaeology is held in Lisbon. This important conference gives international recognition to the dynamism that Portuguese archaeology has demonstrated since 1850. 1880 Portugal Rediscovering The Past The remains of the poet Luís de Camões and the explorer Vasco da Gama are moved to the Jerónimos Monastery. Vasco da Gama and Luís de Camões (north and south side respectively), the two main representatives of the 16th-century The Lusiads epic poem, are honored and rest beside members of the Avis dynasty buried in Jerónimos. 1880 Portugal Music, Literature, Dance And Fashion Publication of the novella O Mandarim (The Mandarin) by Eça de Queirós (Queiroz) (1845–1900). 1880 Portugal Cities And Urban Spaces 3 October: Barbadinhos steam pumping station is inaugurated. The water from the Alviela Canal starts to be pumped thus increasing the water supply to Lisbon. 1881 Portugal Travelling With a thorough knowledge of the African hinterland, António da Silva Porto appeals to the Sociedade de Geografia to sponsor a plan for the scientific and commercial exploitation of Africa. The remote hinterland was about to be discovered by explorers and Africa’s boundaries defined by the colonial powers. -
Do Mfecane Ao Estado De Gaza
PARTE III Enquadramento histórico, étnico e político de Mandlakazi: do Mfecane ao Estado de Gaza 130 1131 «Obedecendo aos usos dos seus maiores, já também o Gungunyane fundou mais uma casa fidalga que recebeu o nome de Manjacase [Mandlakazi], a qual, a não haver uma transformação radical nos hábitos e instituições assentes, é destinada a representá-lo por largo futuro fora». ALMEIDA, J. (1898), Dezoito anos em Africa. Notas e documentos para a biografia do Conselheiro José de Almeida, Lisboa, Mendonça. «Junto de cada um {régulo} funcionava sempre um conselho composto dos grandes, isto é, dos que se distinguem pela idade e poderio, e dos chefes de famílias principais. Este conselho é ouvido em todas as questões que interessam à tribo. A opinião deste conselho é obrigatória ouvir e muitas vezes seguir». D'ORNELLAS, A. (1930}, Cartas de Africa: a Campanha do Gungunhana - 1895, Lisboa. 132 1133 ENQUAOitAHENTO HISTOI'I.ICO, ~TNICO E POLITICO DE HANOLAKAZI: DO HfiCANE I PAUE III AO ESTAOO OÉ ~AZA O território do distrito de Mandlakazi' abarca uma vasta região geográfica, habitada actualmente por uma população composta por vários grupos e subgrupos étnicos carac terísticos do Sul de Moçambique, destacando-se a predominância, dos grupos étnico-lin guísticos Tsonga (VaTsonga)l, Copi (VaCopi)l e Changana (MaChangana)4 (ver mapa 5). A documentação escrita portuguesa e algumas tradições orais locais ptrmitem discernir, já no século XVI, um núcleo de reinos e de chefaturas, de maior ou menor dimensão política e estratificação social, relativamente bem estabilizados quer no litoral ao Norte da baía de Santa Lúcia, quer ao redor da baía de Lourenço Marques, quer ainda, ao longo dos vales dos rios Maputo, Incomáti, Limpopo e Inharrime.