BSHS Monographs publishes work of lasting scholarly value that might not otherwise be made available, and aids the dissemination of innovative projects advancing scholarship or education in the field. 13. Chang, Hasok and Jackson, 06. Morris, PJT, and Russell, CA; Catherine (eds.). 2007. An Smith, JG (ed.). 1988. Archives of Element of Controversy: The Life the British Chemical Industry, of Chlorine in Science, Medicine, 1750‐1914: A Handlist. Technology and War. ISBN 0‐0906450‐06‐3. ISBN: 978‐0‐906450‐01‐7. 05. Rees, Graham. 1984. Francis 12. Thackray, John C. (ed.). 2003. Bacon's Natural Philosophy: A To See the Fellows Fight: Eye New Source. Witness Accounts of Meetings of ISBN 0‐906450‐04‐7. the Geological Society of London 04. Hunter, Michael. 1994. The and Its Club, 1822‐1868. 2003. Royal Society and Its Fellows, ISBN: 0‐906450‐14‐4. 1660‐1700. 2nd edition. 11. Field, JV and James, Frank ISBN 978‐0‐906450‐09‐3. AJL. 1997. Science in Art. 03. Wynne, Brian. 1982. ISBN 0‐906450‐13‐6. Rationality and Ritual: The 10. Lester, Joe and Bowler, Windscale Inquiry and Nuclear Peter. E. Ray Lankester and the Decisions in Britain. Making of Modern British ISBN 0‐906450‐02‐0 Biology. 1995. 02. Outram, Dorinda (ed.). 2009. ISBN 978‐0‐906450‐11‐6. The Letters of Georges Cuvier. 09. Crosland, Maurice. 1994. In reprint of 1980 edition. the Shadow of Lavoisier: ISBN 0‐906450‐05‐5. ISBN 0‐906450‐10‐1. 01. Jordanova, L. and Porter, Roy 08. Shortland, Michael (ed.). (eds.). 1997. Images of the Earth: 1993. Science and Nature. 2nd edition. ISBN 0‐906450‐08‐X. ISBN 0‐906450‐12‐8. 07. Sheets‐Pyenson, Susan. 1992. Index to the Scientific For e‐prints and ordering Correspondence of J. W. Dawson. information, visit the BSHS ISBN 978‐0‐906450‐07‐9. Monographs Website: www.bshs.org.uk/monographs Dorinda Outram, editor

THE LETTEAS OF SEOASES CUUIEA

A SUMMARY CALENDAR OF MANUSCRIPT AND

PRINTED MATERIALS PRESERVED IN EUROPE,

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND

AUSTRALASIA

The British Society for the History of Science Copyright © by Dorinda Outram 1979

First published 1980 ISBN 0 906450 05 5

Published by The British Society for the History of Science Halfpenny Furze, Hill Lane, Chalfont St Giles, Bucks. UPS 4NR, England

Printed by Central Print Unit, University of Lancaster, England CONTENTS

Introduction

Tables: quantitative analyses of letters listed in the calendar 12

Abbreviations used in the calendar 14

Index to archives consulted IS

Index to holdings 20

Sources used for the identification of recipients 23

Calendar 27

Letters to unknown correspondents in order of date 93

Undated-letters to unknown correspondents 96

Index 97 INTRODUCTION

The letters of Georges Cuvier form our most complete record of an exceptionally crowded life. This calendar aims to provide a research tool for the reconstruction of this life, of its events, and of the contacts and influences which formed it. TIlis introduction discusses the importance of such a collection of letters, their archival history, and the editorial principles governing their selection and presentation.

Letters contain, first of all, a mass of fact snd detail which is invaluable to the historian seeking to reconstruct the real complexity of events and situations, but they also deserve to be interrogated at a more sophisticated level. The existence of a large body of correspondence is not simply a result of the absence of telephone and typewriter; on the contrary, letters had positive, complex and changing functions whose mapping is vital to our understanding of the milieu which generated them and of their place in that milieu.

In a political and intellectual world still governed by a .small ~lite, the language of deference dominated communication by letter. Forms of address, offers of reciprocal services, and allusions to the status of the recipient all recurred constantly. This was because both writer and recipient, except within intimate friend­ ships, were concerned to mark, to write within, and often to exploit a mutual recognition of each other's status. Letters in fact are one way of approaching a study of the ways in which society ascribed status. They offer a way of getting behind the obfuscations of hagiography, according to which everyone was important within their own lifetime, or was neglected only to be recognised at their true worth by later and more enlightened scientists, (I) to find out how reputation really was ascribed to individuals by their contemporaries.

Such a mapping of connections between individuals and of the deference they ascribed to each other can also help to isolate allegiances and groupings with greater confidence than has hitherto been possible. Questions such as who were 'the Eclectics' or 'the 2 The letters of Cuvier

Ideologues' have perhaps continued to present difficult problems because inappropriate methods have been used to answer an inappro­ priate question. Intellectual and political allegiance within a small-scale, yet constantly shifting and multi-normative ~lite was bound to be fluid rather than definitive, and to include directions which may seem contradictory or simply formless.

Every member of this ~lite concentrated on himself a number of different functions. The performance of these differe.nt functions wi thin a small group, bound by ties of family and friendship, conferred different roles to the same IMn and thus blurred even further the question of the ascription of individual responsibility and allegiance. Cuvier's own multiplicity of political and scientific roles was notorious in his lifetime, and this calendar of letters faithfully reflects its diversity. As Permanent Secretary of the First Class of the Institut, as effective head of the Museum national d'Histolre naturelle, as Inspector-General of Public Education, as head of one of the sections of the Conseil d'Etat, and as Director of the non­ Catholic religions in France, he became many things to many different people. tlany of the spheres of interest shaded into one another. His correspondence with A. G. Camper is a striking example of how a scientific friendship could become dominated by political considerations.

Yet one thing that all these areas of activity possessed in common was the operation of patronage. Patronage implied deference and the definition of deference. Cuvier himself had seen the mechanisms of patronage from many different angles. In the 1790s, it was an essential part of the formation of his career to attract powerful patronage through the medilIDl of the language of deference expressed in letters. Writing to Olivier or Lac~p~de, for example, Cuvier used a deferential form of language to describe difficult and original anatomical observations, observations which Cuvier knew placed him well on the way to equality with his correspondents. To gain their interest, in other words, he had at once to seem their equal iri some ways, and yet be careful to define himself as non-threateningly inferior in others. CC!vl.er played off the ambiguity always present in the early nineteenth-century scientific community between the ascription of high status to the successful observer of nature, and the simultaneous recognition that all observers of nature were likely to be able to record facts of great value. The aristocracy of mind and the republic of science had to be neatly played off against each other.

Letters were also the major medilIDl by which aspiring intellectuals from the provinces, which Cuvier was in the 1790s, made their way into Parisian life, whether by obtaining an actual Introduction 3

pos1t10n, or by ga1n1og the status of a respected, if invisible, scientific colleague and collaborator. They can thus illuminate another largely unexplored question, about the relationship between provincial and Parisian science at this date. Cuvier's correspondence with Traulle, for example, recapitulates many major themes: the feeding of information about new finds in natural history from field naturalists in the provinces to sedentary scientists in Paris; the use of such information in the grand publications of Cuvier and his associates; Cuvier's successful campaign for the admission of his friend to the Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres; the strong links in Traulle's work between antiquarian archaeology on a local level, and a high degree of palaeontological expertise; and last but not least, the reasoning behind Cuvier's search for membership of many provincial scientific societies.

Provincials could also draw attention to themselves in ways which exploited the duality of Cuvier's scientific prestige and the multiplicity of his offices. Most common was the gift of a recent publication to the Library of the Institut. whose receipt would automatically be formally acknowledged by Cuvier himself in his capacity as Perpetual Secretary. Such a work would be noted and examined without incurring the risks of a prize competition or a formal report. Cuvier himself used similar devices on an international scale, to bring himself to the attention of other scholars in a way that by-passed formal structures of evaluation, but which nevertheless contributed to the spread of his reputation and of his current projects; see, for example, his letters to Everard Home and Sir Joseph Banks.

Provincials could also attract the attention of the Parisian great in other ways. In this world of personalised power, appeal to the emotions, as well as to the expertise, of the patron was a legitimate way of gaining access to his presence and to the prizes and rewards he had to offer. When the patron was a former provincial himself, such as Cuvier, the most powerful emotion was nostalgia. These appeals to the shared memory of a past life, and to the gratitude which must surely be present for services rendered in the days of obscurity, were not easy to shake off. Cuvier's correspondents from Normandy, where he had spent the years from 1788 to 1795, such as the Abbe de la Rue, were especially adroit in this form of manipulation. What else could the Abbe's works on the antiquities of Caen do but evoke the 'scenes of my youth' ss Cuvier acknowledged, and what else should follow but an invitation to Paris?

Cuvier's correspondence is also international in scale. Both his education in Germany and his travels in Holland and Italy multiplied the effects of international scientific prestige to 4 The letters of Cuvier bring letters from all over Europe. The only Parisian figure who could compete with Cuvier in the size and range of his correspondence was llumboldt. (2) Correspondence on such a scale was an addition to status; it may be that the restrained animosity with which Cuvier viewed Humboldt had something to do with this competition for an international audience. The problem was all the more acute because such correspondence also affected reputation in Paris. Success in Paris had to be pursued on two levels: that of visibility, which was easily gained by Cuvier's many public lectures and minor administrative posts; and of notoriety, which could be enhanced by the feedback into the Parisian scene of comments about him made by his correspondents in Europe. The sharp rise, for example, in the number of letters written in 1802, the year before his election as Perpetual Secretary of the First Class of the Institut, shows that Cuvier was capable of deliberately extending his network of correspondence when it was necessary to increase notoriety for electoral reasons.

Conversely, of course, Cuvier's correspondents used their contacts with him to enhance their own prestige against their own national background. Successful recommendation of friends and prot~g~s to Cuvier could strengthen domestic patronage networks. It is no accident that one of Cuvier's most assiduous correspond­ ents, the Italian Giovanni Fabbroni, should not only have constantly used his letters to Cuvier to channel Italians towards Paris, but should also have been experiencing massive insecurity in his own political position in Tuscany. He needed to build up a network of clients as quickly as possible. Correspondence on a European scale exerted a 'multiplier' effect on the prestige of all who were involved in it.

Letters written by Cuvier could thus also be used as valida­ tions of status and thinking in the eyes of third parties. This explains why Azais, for example, should have been so insistent that Cuvier give him written approval for his schemes. It also explains why letters by Cuvier are so often printed in works by his lesser scientific contemporaries (e.g., Wilson, Gordon, and Mantell); the very fact of correspondence with him acted as a guarantee of their credentials as natural philosophers. Letters not only contained messages connected with the operation of the patronsge system; they also were themselves elements in a more subtle system of underwriting at a distance.

That this should be so is a tribute to the power of correspondence to multiply the effect of personal prestige. So also is the extent to which Cuvier was able to call upon a European range of aid, very often from workers whom he was never to meet personally, for the construction of his encyclopaedic Introduction 5 works of natural history, the R~gne animal (1817) and the Histoire naturelle des ~oissons (1823-31; completed by Valenciennes and others after hIS death). Although a survey of the sources of these two works is long overdue, one can put forward a few ideas about the importance of information acquired through letters, and how such information was affected by its medium of communication. While the information-content of the letters seemed to refer the recipient to an objective world of fact (does this bone belong to a previously known species?), that it was written by Cuvier, a person with extensive and varied patronage in his control, at the same time pulled the letter into the subjective area of personal patronage. The results of this ambiguity were sometimes striking; some of Fabbroni's letters, for example, show the Italian scholar, dependent on Cuvier for political support in Tuscany, 'editing' his specimens over-assiduously in accordance with his own ideas of Cuvier's aims and requirements, refusing to send on fossils which were 'not good enough' for Cuvier, and so on. Irritated letters in reply from Cuvier further strained his political support for Fabbroni, who thus became even more concerned with the presentation of news and specimens appropriate for his patron, and so the cycle continued. Letters as means of scientific communication functioned much better when Cuvier had reciprocated as a patron in the shape of a few discrete services to his correspondent (e.g., Traull~'s election to the Academie des Inscriptions) than when his patronage relationship with his recipient was more diffuse and drawn out in time, as in Fabbroni's case.

After the publication of Cuvier's 1807 papers on the fossils of the environs of Paris, it became increasingly rare for him, as his official duties increased, to search for new specimens in the field. His dependence on information from provincial and foreign correspondents in this respect thus increased sharply. Cuvier often maintained, at least in print, that the 'facts' of nature were objectively there for the well-trained observer to identify, once a natural system of classification had been adopted. (3) Comparison of information received through his correspondence with the printed text offers a way of measuring the extent to which Cuvier's taxonomy was separate from the information he actually received. His claims too for comparative anatomy as a predictive science must be weighed against the extent to which such new information determined what there was to be predicted.

Letters also reveal much about the nature of scientific communication. Communication between institutions (e.g., the exchange with Berzelius as Foreign Secretary of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences) plays an important role in this calendar by virtue of Cuvier's position as Permanent Secretary to the First Class of the Institut under the Empire and of the Academy of Sciences during the Restoration. Ipstitutions in this period 6 The letters of Cuvier became numerous, wealthy and productive enough to generate and exchange information on an international scale. At the same time the rise of new scientific journals, appealing to a specialised audience and sometimes operating a referee system in relation to contributions of a modern type, might have been thought to have overtaken the letter as a medium for the exchange of scientific information. The contents of Cuvier's letters would seem to suggest that in his lifetime the two systems existed side by side. The journals appealed to an audience defined impersonally by a field of reference. (4) Scientific patrons such as Cuvier defined their fields, on the other hand, by their individual style and demands in relation to the subject, and this was recognised by their contemporaries. (5)

The great extent of Cuvier's correspondence and the multiplicity of its purpose led to the editorial decision to restrict commentary and apparatus to a minimum; the purpose of this calendar is, after all, simply to guide the historian to the materials of his study. But some discussion of the nature of the archival history of these letters and of the principles guiding their listing is essential to an understanding of the functions of this calendar. Letters written to Cuvier survive in very large numbers and are accessibly grouped in three archives in Paris: the Lihrary of the Institut de France, the Central Library of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, and the Library of the Societe de l'Histoire du Protestantisme fran¥ais. (6) Letters written by him, on the other hand, are extremely widely scattered and have never before been systematically listed, although a summary attempt was made by William Coleman in 1964, which provided a valuable starting point for the present work. (7) The letters described here have been gathered from a survey of major manuscript collections in Europe, the United States of America, and Australasia. Soundings of East European state archives, with the exception of the DDR, proved negative. (8) In addition the archives of all learned societies still in existence to which Cuvier belonged were circularised, as well as those of all central institutions with which he was officially connected and institutions with which he was formally unconnected but whose development he influenced (e.g., the University of Turin). Provincial manuscript collections in France were also systematically contacted, as were the four most likely Archives departementales. Although systematic search of the holdings of the Archives nationales for possible letters by Cuvier would have consumed more lifetimes than the author possesses, soundings in the most likely series of deposits, that numbered FI7, relating to education, revealed a significant number of such documents. Regretably, the archives of the Conseil d'Etat for this period were destroyed in the Paris Commune of 1870-1. (9) Introduction 7

As preparation advanced, it also became clear that many letters written by Cuvier now survive only in printed versions, or even more tenuously, as summaries in the catalogues of autograph dealers. Rather than lose such evidence of Cuvier's life and contacts, it was decided to list these letters on the same footing as those still extant in manuscript. Almost all such sale catalogues are available for consultation in the British Library, London, and modern British sale-room information is available on open shelf in the Library of the Warburg Institute, London, and in the reserve collection of Cambridge University Library.

By the end of this survey, many different kinds of letters had been discovered. No distinction has been made in this calendar between letters written by Cuvier as a private individual, as a natural scientist, or as an administrator or politician. Such a procedure would have introduced anachronistic distinctions, and it would have reduced the value of the calendar as an index to a whole conspectus of activities and contacts which happened to be centred on Georges Cuvier. For the same reasons letters signed jointly by Cuvier with others have been included on the same basis as those signed by him individually.

The only deliberate exclusion has been the letters written by Cuvier to his Stuttgart friend Christian Pfaff, which already exists in two full and accessible printed versions. (10) Letters to Pfaff are noticed here only if not before printed. Two other extensive but less easily accessible printed collections have however been described in this calendar. (11)

Gaps of another sort are also present. There are often few letters to such people as Lamarck and Geoffroy St Hilaire with whom Cuvier was in close contact. (12) But letters are not . necessarily indices of the intensity of a professional relation­ ship. In the small, tightly-knit world of the Parisian elite, most business could be transacted orally in the salons, the learned societies and the governmental committees. Though Cuvier's letters are valuable indicators of his influence in Europe and in provincial France, other forms of evidence have to be used to establish his importance in the life of Paris. Family affiliations, police reports, reminiscences of the salons, membership lists of the learned societies, and the reconstruction of the politics of election and appointment, must all be used to supplement the information contained in letters to contacts within Paris.

1be number of letters listed here is obviously less than the total number which must have been written by Cuvier. Sometimes letters are known to have been destroyed. ~lereas letters to Cuvier received in Paris have often stayed in the comparative 8 The letters of Cuvier security of the capital, major war damage has often been inflicted on letters sent by Cuvier to the provinces. Material held by the Societe d'Emulation d'Abbeville, for example, was destroyed in the First World War, and that formerly held at Brest in the Second, and it can now only be preserved in the form of a catalogue entry. Such destruction may well also account for the comparative scarcity of letters in Eastern Europe.

Less dramatic but equally powerful has been the operation of the autograph market. Even during his lifetime, letters by Cuvier were prized specimens. (13) After his death in 1832, the rising cult of the autograph ensured the disappearance of many of his letters into private collections now difficult to trace. (14) Cuvier kept no record of the letters written by him, so that it is extremely difficult even to establish with confidence the scale of the number of missing letters.

It is also clear that Cuvier's papers were carefully vetted by his family before their deposit in the Parisian archives previously mentioned; personal letters of any type are rare, and material from sensitive years such as 1814-15 is also strikingly absent. Materials known to be in the hands of his nephew Frl!d€ric Cuvier in the 1870s failed to surface on his death in 1893. (15) Enquiry to the surviving branch of the family, that of the husband of Cuvier's stepdaughter Sophie Duvaucel, Admiral Ducrest de Villeneuve, failed to produce positive results. (16)

The preparation of this calendar naturally invited comparison with the fullest catalogue of Cuvier's incoming letters, by Henri Deherain. (17) Each volume illuminates the other. tlost obviously, their concurrent use'can often-establish the total exchange between Cuvier and a given figure. Influences and borrowings in both directions can be identified, and Cuvier can be placed more securely in the contexts both of the broad currents of thought of his time and of the smaller questions of technique and fact, than has often been the case. Particularly good examples here are the exchanges between Cuvier and Fabbroni, Camper and SBmmering. (18) Especially important are Cuvier's letters to Kielmeyer, which could form the basis for a hitherto absent assessment of Cuvier's debt to German science.

Cuvier's outgoing letters also contrast interestingly with those sent to him. Though more subject to destruction and dispersal, the outgoing letters at least escaped the more obvious forma of weeding. In letters to trusted friends, such as A. G. Camper or Mme de Prony, more details appear of his personal life, as well as about his early life in Paris between 1795 and 1803. Letters to Achille d'Hl!ricy in particular shed a new light on his arrival in Paris, which is more fully examined in the author's Introduction 9 forthcoming biography.

The following principles have been followed within the summary of each letter. Annotation and editorial material has been kept to a m1n1mum. It has not been noted whether each letter is a draft, a copy, or an autograph fair copy; the length of the letter, except in cases of exceptional length, has also not been mentioned. Cuvier almost always dated his letters, and where a date figures without comment as the second line of the entry for a letter, this corresponds to that actually in its text. Letters datable by clear postmarks have also been treated in this way. A conversion from the Revolutionary to the Gregorian calendar has been attached where appropriate. Undated letters have often been assigned conjectural dates, which have been enclosed in brackets. Letters which cannot be dated precisely by internal evidence can however often be given conjectural dates within wider limits, and these too have been marked in the same way. Thanks to the frequent changes of r~gime in France in the period of Cuvier's life, letter headings have been used in this process. A letter written on paper headed 'Universite imperiale', for example, is extremely likely to have been written between the foundation of the Imperial University in 1808 and the collapse of the Empire in 1814. In other cases, letters have been identified by the form of address used to their recipient. In the case of the nobility, changes in the form of title can often be helpful, and they can be precisely established in many cases from the biographical and genealogical sources listed below. For politicians in office, dates of tenure of particular posts can also be established and used in the same way. Letters which are undatable have been listed in the final section of the calendar. (19)

Unless otherwise stated, the language of the letter is French. ~lere a letter is illustrated, this has also been indicated in the entry relating to it, as has the existence of separate illustrations mentioned as accompanying the letter. The place of writing of each letter is Paris, unless another is specified. Within the summary of the text of each letter, the names of persons, books and species have as far as possible been preserved. Printed versions of manuscript letters have also been indicated.

Acknowledgements

The compilation of this calendar has been made possible by the assistance of many individuals and institutions. The staff of all the archives mentioned gave invaluable assistance; in particular, those of the American Philosophical Society, and the Biblioth~que Victor Cousin; and above all, the Staatsblbliothek 10 The letters of Cuvier of West Berlin, who gave guidance to the archives of the BRD and the DDR. Jean Th~odorid~s, Renato Mazzolini, Garry J. Tee, and G. L'Estrange Turner made particularly helpful individual contributions. My thanks must also go to William Coleman, whose generous gift of information enabled me finally to locate the letters of Cuvier to Rielmeyer now held in East Berlin. Finally, collection of such scattered material would have been impossible without the financial assistance of a Wolfson Fellowship of the British Academy.

Notes

'Such problems in relation to Cuvier are treated in D. Outram, 'Scientific biography and the case of Georges Cuvier', \list. Sci., 1976, xiv, 101-37; and in relation to Lamarck in G. Barsanti, "Dalla storia naturale alIa storia della natura", Milan, 1979, pp.II-19. 2 L. Sroka (ed.), "Humboldt: Werke, Briefe", Hamburg, 1959; I. Jahn & F. G. Lange (eds.), "Die Jugenbriefe Alexander von Htnnboldts, 1787-1789", Berlin, 1973. 3 E.g. preface to the "R~gne animal", 4 vols., Paris, 1817. 4 For the evolution of this vocabulary of specialised research see C. Diehl, "Americans and German scholarship, 1770-1870", New Haven & London, 1978, chapter I. 5 H. Ducrotay de Blainville, "Cuvier et Geoffroy St Hilaire: biographies scientifiques", Paris, 1890, predicates its whole attack on Cuvier on the assumption that individual character can determine a style of science. Blainville was a former prot~g~ of Cuvier. 6 H. Deh~rain, "Catalogue des manuscrits du fonds Cuvier conserves II la Biblioth~que de l'Institut de France", Paris & Hendaye, 1908-22; cited henceforward as Deh~rain. M. Bouteron & J. Tremblo-t, "Catalogue generale des manuscrits des biblioth~ques publiques de la France: Paris: Biblioth~que de l'Institut: Ancien et nouveau fonds", Paris, 1928; Y. Laissus, "Catalogue general des manuscrits des biblioth~ques publiques de la France: Paris: Biblioth~que centrale du Museum national d'histoire naturelle", Paris, 1965; D. Robert, 'L'utilisation des archives protestantes', Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine, 1964, xi, 299-308. 7 W. Coleman, "Georges Cuvier, zoologist: a study in the history of evolution theory", Cambridge, Mass., 1964, pp.191­ 203. 8 E.g. "Lichnyye arkhivnyye fondy v gosudarstvennykh khranilish­ chakh SSSR - Ukazatel" (Personal archives in the state collections of the USSR - a guide), 2 vols., Moscow, 1962. I would like to thank Dr. C. A. Humphry for her help in the tranalation of catalogues in Russian, and for her general Introduction 1I

guidance in this field. 9 See also G. Beaujouan, 'L'histoire des sciences aux Archives nationales de Paris', Arch. Int. Hist. Sci., 1950, xiii, 874-81; S. d'Huart & C. de Tourtier-Bonazzi, "Archives priv~es, ~tat des fonds de la §erie AP" (of the Archives nationales), Paris, 1973; S. d'Huart, "Les archives Daru", Paris, 1962. 10 W. G. F. Behn (ed.), "Georges Cuviers Briefe an C. H. Pfaff aus den Jahren 1788 bis 1792, naturhistorischen, politischen und literarischen Inhalts. Nebst einer biographischen Notiz Uber G. Cuvier von C. H. Pfaff", Kiel, 1845; L. Marchant (tr.), "Lettres de Georges Cuvier 11 C. H. Pfaff sur l'histoire naturelle, la politique et la litterature, 1788-1792", Paris, 1858. I1 Cuvier's letters to Georges Duvernoy appear in truncated versions in G. L. Duvernoy, "Notice historique sur les ouvrages et la vie de M. le baron Cuvier", Paris & Strasbourg, 1833, and in full in J. Vienot, "Lettres inedites de Georges Cuvier 11 Georges Duvernoy", Dole, 1905. 12 Y. Laissus, 'Catalogue des manuscrits d'Etienne Geoffroy St Hilaire conserv~s au Mus~um', Rev. Hist. Sci., 1972, xxv, 365­ 90; and 'Catalogue des manuscrits de Lamarck conserves au Museum,' Bull. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur., 1967, xxxix, 1023-7, 1968, xl, 1093-1102. 13 E.g. !etter of Sophie Duvaucel (1828), Darmstaedter Collection Lc. 1801 (3), Preussicher Kulturbesitz, Handschriftenabteilung, Staatsbibliothek, West Berlin. 14 See also A. N. L. Munby, "The cult of the autograph letter in England", London, 1962. Letters by Cuvier appear from 1844 onwards in the sales of E. Charavay. 15 For these papers, see M. Brianchon, 'La jeunesse de Cuvier', Societe nationale havraise d'etudes diverses, 1876-7, xlii~­ xliv, 225-64. 16 Information from Jean Theodorid~s. The papers of the d'Rericy family now held at the chateau of St Vallier (Dr6me), France, also contain no letters by Cuvier. 17 See note (6). 18 .For the complete exchange between Cuvier and Fabbroni, see D. Outram, 'Politics, publicisation and natural science: the correspondence between Georges Cuvier and Giovanni Fabbroni', to appear, Ricerche storiche, 197~80. 19 Cross-references from other catalogues of contemporary correspondence can also prove useful, particularly from W. R. Dawson (ed.), "The Banks letters: a calendar of the manuscript correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks preserved in the British Museum, the British Museum ( Natural History), and other collec tions in Great Britain", London 1958; hereafter cited·ss Dawson. See Table IV for a chronological analysis of letters listed in the calendar. 12 The letters of Cuvier

TABLES: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSES OF THE LETTERS LISTED IN THE CALENDAR

I Residence of recipient

Paris: 102 Provinces: 54 Great Britain: 49 German states: 42 Switzerland: 10 Scandinavia: 5 Austro-Hungarian Empire: 4 Belgium: 2 Italian states: 7 Netherlands: 2 United States of America: 2 Russia: 1 South America: India: I

11 Content

Letters mentioning matters of patronage: 37 Letters primarily concerned with exchange of scientific information: 145

III Occupations of recipients, where known

savant 108 politicians 35 homme de lettres 22 doctor 21 universitaires 12 aristocrats 12 churchmen 11 corporate bodies 10 private friends and family 9 printers, booksellers and engravers 7 artists 5 soldiers 4 lawyers 3 pharmacists 2 Tables 13

IV Chronological distribution of letters

1788: 3 1790: 2 1791: 5 1792: 2 1793: I 1794: I 1795: 2 1796: I 1798: 3 1799: 6 1800: 17 1801: 14 1802: 23 1803: 10 1804: 9 1805: 14 1806: 9 1807: 7 1808: 12 1809: 11 1810: 2 1811: 10 1812: 5 1813: 11 1814: 11 1815: 3 1816: 6 1817: 9 1818: 10 1819: 13 1820: 19 1821: 11 1822: 19 1823: 13 1824: 19 1825: 12 1826: 18 1827: 28 1828: 18 1829: 16 1830: 21 1831: 13 1832: 2

Note: A complete chronological listing of the letters, which would reflect more of the accidents of survival than the nature of the correspondence undertaken by Cuvier, has not been attempted. 14 The letters of Cuvier

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE CALENDAR

APS American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia BIFC Biblioth~que de l'Institut de France, Paris, fonds Cuvier BL British Library, London, Department of Manuscripts BM Biblioth~que municipale BPUG Biblioth~que publique et universitaire, Geneva BSHPF Biblioth~que de la Soci~t~ de l'Ilistoire du Protestantisme frans:ais, Paris DS Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, East Berlin FM Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge HSP Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia LBS Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart MNHN Mus~um national d 'Histoire naturelle, Paris, Bib liotheque centrale PK Preussicher Kulturbesitz Handschriftenabteilung, Staatsbibliothek, West Berlin, Dokumentensammlung Darmstaedter Lc. 180\ (3) RCS Royal College of Surgeons of England, London RSL Royal Society, London SAS Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm UA University Library, Amsterdam UB University Library, Bologna WHM Wellcome Institute of the History of Medicine, London ZZ Zentralbibliothek, Zurich 15 INDEX TO ARCHIVES CONSULTED

An asterisk (*) indicates that the institution possessed no letters by Cuvier. The number assigned to each institution in this list will be utilised in the subsequent index to archive holdings of letters. Letters held by private individuals or listed in sale catalogues are to be found in the index.

Great Britain and Ireland

I British Library, London 2 British Museum (Natural History), London 3 Geological Society, London* 4 Institute of Geological Sciences, London* 5 Linnean Society, London* 6 Royal Academy of Arts, London 7 Royal College of Surgeons of England, London 8 Royal Geographical Society, London* 9 Royal Institution, London 10 Royal Society, London 11 University College, London 12 We11come Institute for the History of Medicine, London 13 Zoological Society, London* 14 Medico-Chirurgical Society, Aberdeen* 15 Botany School, Cambridge* 16 Fitzwi1liam Museum, Cambridge 17 University Library, Cambridge 18 Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dub1in* 19 Royal Irish Academy, Dub1in* 20 National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh 21 Royal Medical Society, Edinburgh* 22 Royal Society, Edinburgh* 23 Scottish Record Office, Edinburgh 24 University Library, Edinburgh 25 Devon Record Office, Exeter 26 Bodleian Library, Oxford 27 Magdalen College, Oxford* 28 Yorkshire Philosophical Society, York

France

29 Acad~mie des Inscriptions et Be1les-Lettres, Paris 30 Acad~mie de M~decine, Paris* 31 Acad~mie des Sciences, Paris* 32 Archives nationa1es, Paris 33 Biblioth~que de l'Institut de France, Paris 34 Biblioth~que nationa1e, Paris 16 The letters of Cuvier

35 Bibliotheque de la Societe de l'Histoire du Protestantisme fran~ais, Paris 36 Bibliotheque Victor Cousin, Sorbonne, Paris 37 College de France, Paris 38 Ecole normale superieure, Paris* 39 Ecole polytechnique, Paris* 40 Ecole des Ponts-et-chausees, Paris* 41 Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris 42 Societe asiatique, Paris* 43 Societe de Geographie, Paris 44 University of Paris, Faculty of Law, Bibliotheque Cujas 45 University of Paris, Faculty of Medicine* 46 University of Paris, Library of the Sorbonne 47 Archives departementales du Bas-Rhin* 48 Archives departementales du Calvados* 49 Archives departementales du Doubs* 50 Archives departementales du Seine-Inferieur* 51 Bibliotheque municipale, Amiens 52 Bibliotheque municipale, Angers* 53 Bibliotheque Calvet, Avignon 54 Bibliotheque municipale, Bayeux 55 Bibliotheque municipale, Besan~on 56 Bibliotheque municipale, Bordeaux* 57 Bibliotheque municipale, Brest 58 Bibliotheque municipale, Caen 59 Societe d'Emulation de Cambrai* 60 Bibliotheque municipale, Dijon 61 Bibliotheque municipale, Fontainbleau 62 Bibliotheque municipale, La Rochelle 63 Bibliotheque municipale, Le Havre 64 Bibliotheque municipale, Mantes-Gassicourt* 65 Archives consistoriales, Montauban 66 Bibliotheque municipale, Nancy 67 Archives consistoriales, Nimes 68 Bibliotheque municipale, Perigueux* 69 Bibliotheque municipale, Rochefort-sur-Mer 70 Bibliotheque municipale, Reims 71 Bibliotheque municipale, Rouen 72 Museum de Rouen 73 Manufacture national de Sevres* 74 Bibliotheque municipale, Strasbourg 75 Bibliotheque municipale, Versailles

Federal Republic of Germany

76 University Library, Bonn 77 Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin 78 Preussicher Kulturbesitz Handschriftenabteilung, Staatsbibliothek, West Berlin Archives 17

79 Bibliothek des Freien Deutschen Hochstiftes, Frankfurt-am-Main 80 Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-am- Main 81 Staats-und Universitatsbibliothek, Frankfurt-am-Main 82 University Library, Giessen 83 Academy of Sciences in GBttingen* 84 Staats-und Universitatsbibliothek, Gtlttingen 85 Staats-und Universitatsbibliothek, Hamburg 86 Kestner-Museum,· Hannover 87 Deutsches Literaturarchiv in Schiller-Nationalmuseum, Marbach-an-Neckar 88 Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Munich* 89 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich 90 WUrttembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart 91 University Library, TUbingen 92 Herzog-August Bibliothek, WolfenbUttel

Democratic Republic of Germany

93 Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften, East Berlin 94 Deutsche Staatsbibliothek, East Berlin 95 Karl-Marx University Librsry, Leipzig 96 Goethe-und Schiller Archiv, Weimar

Austria

97 Austrian National Library, Vienna

Belgium

98 Acsdemie royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique, Brussels 99 Biblioth~que royale, Brussels* 100 Ch~teau de Mariemont

Denmark

101 Royal Danish Academy of Sciences, Copenhagen*

102 Biblioteca communale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna 103 University Library, Bologna 104 Accademia dei Georgofili, Florence* 18 The letters of Cuvier

105 Biblioteca Medicea-Laurenziana, Florence* 106 Biblioteca nazionale, Florence* 107 University Library, Genoa 108 Biblioteca Estense, Modena* 109 University Library, Pisa 110 Biblioteca nazionale, Milan* 111 Biblioteca communale degli intronati, Siena* 112 Accademia delle scienze, Turin* 113 University Library, Turin*

The Netherlands

114 Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences, Amsterdam* 115 University Library, Amsterdam 116 Academy of Sciences, Haarlem

Sweden

117 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm

Switzerland

118 Burgerbibliothek, Berne 119 Biblioth~que publique et universitaire, Geneva 120 Zentralbibliothek, Zurich

United States of America

12i Library of Congress, Washington* 122 William L. Clements Library, Ann Arbor, Michigan* 123 Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore* 124 American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Boston* 125 Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston* 126 Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland* 127 Houghton Library, Harvard 128 State Historical Society of Wisconsin, Madison* 129 Vermont Historical Society, Montpellier* 130 Columbia University Library, New York 131 New York Historical Society* 132 New York Public Library* 133 Pierpont Morgan Library, New York 134 American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia 135 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 136 Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh* Archives 19

137 Rhode Island Historical Society, Providence 138 Minnesota Historical Society, St Paul* 139 Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California 140 American Antiquarian Society, Worcester, Massachusetts* 141 Yale University Library

Australasia

142 National Library of Australia, Canberra* 143 Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand 20 The letters of Cuvier

INDEX TO HOLDINGS

Numbers refer to the previous index to archives consulted; surnames to recipients of letters from Cuvier as listed in the calendar in alphabetical order, where correspondence with official bodies (e.g., Commune de Bec-aux-Cauchois) will also be found. Since many letters from Cuvier now survive only in printed versions, the reader should always check the main body of the calendar for any name not appearing in this index.

1 Babbage, Banks, Edward, Gouan, Poiret, Vassall, E. 2 Kapp, Koenig 6 Lawrence, T. 7 Home, Keate 9 Faraday 10 Blagden, Buckland, Herschel 11 Bentham, J. 12 Bory de St Vincent, Chabrol de Volvic, Clermont-Tonn~re, Conybeare, Cuvier, Mme R., Decazes, Deleuze, Deyeux, Fourcroy, Gautier, Geoffroy St Hilaire, E., Gerbaud, Grote, lIenrion de Pansey, Junker, Lac~p~de, Luscombe, Michaud, Montmorency, d'Orbigny, A. C. V. D., Puymaurin, Reinhardt, Traull~, Treuttel & WUrtz, Vaux, Zea 16 Buckland, Dudley, Pr~teau, Hammer, Mi.chaud, Anon. 276, Anon. 279 17 Greenough, Sedgwick 20 Constable, Duret 23 Buchanan (Hamilton) 24 Bertrand, Jameson 2S Buckland 26 Guidotti 28 MacEnery 29 Dacier 32 Chaptal, Daru, Devie, Fontanes, Laborie, Mus~um national d'histoire naturelle, Thouin 33 Andrezel, Autenrieth, Azars, Beaumont, Biolet, Bonnard, Cox, Decazes, Dunal, Fontanier, Fonvieille, Frenilly, Gergonne, Kielmeyer, Lac~p~de, Lacoix, Lauth, Leclercq, Marschall von Biberstein, La Meth~rie, Montalivet, Olivier, Ordinaire, Peyronnet, Pfaff, Royer-Collard, Saussure, H. B. de, Sauvo, Schweighaeuser, Zipser 34 Martin, Moreau de le Sarthe, Pastoret, Prony, Anon. 1827, Anon. 1829 3S De G~rando, Anon. 286 36 Cousin 37 Michaud 41 Borromeo, Bougainville, Brongniart, Carus, Dupetit-Thouars, de laFite, Lac~p~de, Petitot, La Peyrouse 43 Girard Archive holdings 21

44 Jourdan 46 Fontanes, Nicolle 51 Bourgeois, Traulle 53 Mirbel, Roux, Anon. 281 54 Lemercier 55 Cuvier, F., Duvernoy, Anon. 265, Anon. 277 57 Redon de Beaupreau 58 De la Rue 60 Vallot 61 Jaquotot 62 d'Orbigny, C. M. D. 63 Vivier 65 Marzials 66 Schweighaeuser 67 Vincent 69 Lesson 70 Serres, M. P. T. de 71 Desgenettes, Girardin, Langlois 72 d'Hericy, E. de 74 Piton 75 Desgenettes, Otto, Thomas 76 Alton 78 Blumenbach, Bronn, Carus, Davy, Lady J., Erman, Goldfuss, Hammer, Karsten, Lefebure, Moll, Mons, Nysten, La Rochefoucauld­ Liancourt, Roux, SaJvo, Serre, Walther, Winterl, Anon. 262, Anon. 285 . 79 SOmmering, Voigt 80 Heyden, Ruppell 81 Siimmering 82 Baer 84 Muller, Reuss, Stromeyer 85 Benzenburg, Karsten, Reimarus, Villers 86 Preissac I 87 Hartmann, Kielmeyer 89 Liebig, Pfaff 90 Autenrieth, Ebell, Harless, Johanneau, Michaud, Anon. 266, Anon. 273 91 Autenrieth, Mohl 92 Campe 93 Kielmeyer 94 Wilbrand, Anon. 258, Anon. 270 95 Humboldt, A. 96 Goethe 97 Schreibers, Anon. 267, Anon. 269 98 Beaudouin, Cuvier, F., de Gerando, Michaud, Quetelet 100 Banks, Wallich 102 Maggi, Mezzofanti, Michaud 103 Ranzani 107 Duc de Luxembourg 22 The letters of Cuvier

109 Grey-Bennet \15 Camper \16 van Harum 117 Arfedson, Berzelius, Poppius 118 Benoist, Duvernoy, Anon. 272 119 Pictet, Prevost, Saussure, N. T. de, Sennebier 120 Schinz 127 Agassiz, Andre, Marron, Serres 130 Honod 133 Brunacci, Coquerel 134 Bostock, Chaptal, Corbi~re, Cottard, Fabbroni, Hammer, Harlan, Lichtenstein, Hichaud, Montbel, Thouin, Vassall, H., Anon. 256, Anon. 280, Anon. 282, Anon. 283, Anon. 284 135 Combes-Daunous, Damas, Reimarus, Rostan, Anon. 260 137 Staples 139 Guizot 141 Fontaines, Halma, Horgan 143 Conybeare 23

SOURCES USED FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF RECIPIENTS

I Universal

L. G. Michaud (ed.), "Biographie universelle ancienne et moderne", 85 vols., Paris, 1811-62. "Biographie universelle (Michaud) ancienne et moderne, nouvelle Iditio~', 45 vols., Paris, 1843-65. G. Vapereau (ed.), "Dictionnaire universelle des contemporains", Paris, 1858.

Il National

"Biographisches lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich", 60 vols., Vienna, 1856-90. P. Engelstoff & S. Dahl, ''Dansk' biografisk leksikon", 30 vols., Copenhagen, 1933-44. J. Balteau, M. Barroux & M. Pr~vost (eds.), "Dictionnaire de biographie fran~ise", Paris, 1932­ (Since 1946 edited by M. Pr~vost & J. Roman d'Amat.) "Allgemeine deutsche biographie", 56 vols., Leipzig, 1875-1910. L. Stephen (ed.), "Dictionary of national biography", 73 vols., London, 1885-1900. "Dizionario biografico degli italiani", Rome, 1960- • J. A. Almquist & S. J. Boethius (eds.), "Svenskt biografiskt lexikon", Stockholm, 1918- • "Dictionnaire historique et biographique de la Suisse", 8 vols., Neuch§tel, 1921-34.

III Regional

E. Forquet, "Les hommes ciH~bres et les personalites marquantes de Franche-Comte du quatri~me si~cle h nos jours", Besanyon, 1929. E. Fr~re, "Manuel du bibliographe normand", 2 vols. in I, Rouen, 1858. G. Goguel, "Hommes connus dans le monde savant en France et h l'etranger nes ou eleves h Montb~liard", Paris, 1864. T. le Breton, "Biographie normande", 3 vols., Rouen, 1858. N. N. Oursel, "Nouvelle biographie normande", 2 vols., Rouen, 1886; supplementary volume, Rouen, 1888. J. B. Toselli, "Biographie nifoise ancienne et moderne ou dictionnaire historique de tous les hommes qui se sont fait remarquer par leurs actions, leurs ecrits, leurs talents, leurs merites et leurs erreurs dans la ville et le comte de Nice", 2 vols., Nice, 1860. 24 The letters of Cuvier

IV Religious

E. & E. Haag, "La France protestante ou vies des protestants fran~ais qui se sont fait un nom dans l'histoire depuis les premiers temps de la r~formation jusqu'h la reconnaissance de la liberte des cultes par l'Assembl~e nationale", 9 vols., Paris & Geneva, 1859-66. "New Catholic Encyclopaedia", New York, St Louis & Toronto, vol. 3, 1967. D. Robert, "Les eglises riHormees en France, 1800-1830", Paris, 1961.

V Aristocracy

"Burke's genealogical and heraldic history of the peerage and baronetage", 105th edn., London, 1970. M. de Courcelles, "Dictionnaire universelle de la noblesse de France", 5 vols., Paris, 1822. d'Hauterive, Borel (ed.), Annuaire d~ la pairie et de la noblesse de France et des maisons souverains de L'Europe, 1843- . E. de Magny, "Nobiliaire de Normandie publi~ par une soci~t~ de g~nealogistes avec le concoursdesprincipales familIes nobles de la province", 2 vols., Paris, 1863-64.

VI ··The professions

M. de Courcelles, "Dictionnaire historique et biographique des g~neraux fran~ais depuis le onzieme si~cle jusqu'en 1823", 5 vols., Paris, 1822-3. C. C. Gillispie (ed.), "Dictionary of scientific biography", 15 vols., New York, 1970-8. ·Gurlt, Wernuch et al. (eds.), "Biographisches lexikon der hervortagenden arzte aller zeiten und volker", 6 vols., Berlin & Vienna, 1930-5. E. Ratin, "Bibliographie historique et critique de la presse periodique fran~aise", Paris, 1866. E. de Seyn, "Dictionnaire biographique des sciences, des lettres et des arts en Belgique", 2 vols., Brussels, 1935. E. Werdet, "De la librairie fran~aise: son pass~, son pr~sent, son avenir", Paris, 1860.

VII Institutions

"Almanach imperial", and its successor, "Almanach royal". Anon., "Institut de France: l'Acad~mie des inscriptions et belles­ lettres: histoire, prix et fondations", Paris, 1924. Identification of recipients ·25

Anon.,"Institut de France: index biographique des membres et correspondants de l'Acadl!mie des sciences de 1666 11 1939", Paris, 1939. O. Berger-Levrault, "Annales des professeurs des acadl!mies et universites alsaciennes, 1523-1871", Nancy, 1892. J. Foster, "Alumni Oxonienses; the members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886: their parentage, birthplace and year of birth, with a record of their degrees: being the matriculation register of the University, alphabetically arranged, revised and annotated", vol. 2, reprint edn., 1968. E. Maindron, "L'Academie des sciences", Paris, 1888. P. Milsand, "Notes et documents pour servir 11 l'histoire de l'Academie des sciences, arts et belles-lettres de Dijon", 2nd edn., Paris, 1871. A. Robert, E. Bourlton & G. Cougny (eds.), "Dictionnaire des parlementaires fran~ais, 1789-1889", 5 vols., Paris, 1891. J. F. Robinet, "Dictionnaire historique et biographique de la revolution et de l'Empire, 1789-1815", 2 vols., reprint edn., Lichtenstein, 1975. J. A. Venn, "Alumni Cantabrigiensis; a biographical list of all known students, graduates and holders of office in the University of Cambridge from the earliest times to 1900", Part 2, 1782-1900, Cambridge, 1944. "Who's Who of British members of Parliament: a biographical dictionary of the House of Commons", vol. 1 (1832-1885), London, 1976.

THE LETTEAS OF SEOASES CUUI EA

THE CALENDAR

Calendar 29 1/1 Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe (1807-1873) 3 Augus t 1829 Thanks for the dedication of the work on fish by him and von Martius; offers advice on sale, drawings; progress of own work on fish. Houghton Library, Harvard, Agassiz papers; E. C. Agassiz, "Louis Agassiz: his life and correspondence", 2 vols., Boston, 1888, i, 114-15; W. Coleman, 'The early relation­ ship of Cuvier and Agassiz', J. Hist. Med., 1963, xviii, 51-63.

2/1 Alton, James Wulfranc, Baron d' (1739-1820) 29 January 1818 Thanks for gift of unnamed work by d'Alton; is trying to retain fluency in German. University Library, Bonn.

3/1 Andr~, Jean Fran~ois (1764/67-1848) n.d. (1post 1827) Measures for the reorganisation of the Jewish consistory at Colmar. Houghton Library, Harvard.

4/1 Andrezel, Barth~lemy Philibert Picon d' (1757-1825) n.d. (1815) Censuring his public comments on the Grand-Master of the University. BlFC 3237/2.

5/1 Arfedson, Johann August (1792-1841) 25 January 1828 Informs him of his election to corresponding membership of the Academie des sciences, by a decision of its meeting of 22 January. SAS.

6/1 Autenrieth, Johann Hermann Ferdinand (1772-1835) n.d. (early 1790s). In German. Problems of circulation, especially in the foetus. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 413.

6/2 ------2 April 1791. In German. Questions relating to the circulation of the blood. BlFC 3214/1. 30 The letters of Cuvier

6/3 ------I floreal an 6 (20 April 1798) Reproaches him and his other German friends for their long silence: in spite of the superiority of German textbooks, is sending him three copies of his "Tableau elementaire de l'histoire naturelle des animaux", including one for Kielmeyer and one for Hartmann. University Library, TUbingen, MS. Md. 1071.

6/4 ------n.d. (late 1798/ early 1799) Apologises for not replying to his last three letters (of autumn 1798): blames pressure of work; his letters will however give Cuvier's work on fossils an otherwise unobtainable perfection. Thanks Jaeger for his help. His disapproval of the artistic and scientific plunder of the French army; does not have enough influence to stop it. Is reading his work (unnamed) on physiology with interest; is sending out an appeal for details of fossil specimens. Wiedemann and Pfaff are expected; his regards to Hartmann. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 413.

6/5 ------29 fructidor an 7 (15 September 1799) Reproaches him and Kielmeyer for not answering his last three letters. Material on fossils has been obtained from Fabbroni, Fortis, Camper and Brugmans; needs information on those of Stuttgart. Can already place single bones by genre and even by species. Methods of obtaining German books in Paris. LBS, Cod. hist. 4° 333.

6/6 ------12 prairial an 8 (I June 1800) Reproaches him and Kielmeyer for not answering his letters; repeats the requests contained in them. WUrttemburg i.s his second homeland. Is sending him vols. I and 2 of his "Leyons de l' anatomie compar~e". LBS, Cod. hist. 40 333a/122.

6/7 ------I fructidor an 8 (19 August 1800) In reply to his letter of 29 June; condolences on the death of his father; his memories of lessons from him. News of Marschall von Biberstein. Thanks for his information on the fossils of WUrttemburg; distribution of fossils of mammoth and of the Ohio mastodon. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 333. Calendar 31

6/8 ------5 thermidor an 9 (24 July 1801) Thanks for second part of his work on physiology; useful for his current work on comparative anatomy; Duvernoy will translate this work into French. Regrets pressure of work prevents him coming to TUbingen. The German influx into Paris; Pfaff's delight in the city. Thanks Kielmeyer for his letter. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 413.

7/1 Azais, Pierre Hyacinthe (1766-1845) 17 May 1809 Attacks his system of thought; assures him will not vote in his favour for the Prix decennial. BIFC 3231/2.

8/1 Babbage, Charles (1792-1871) 19 March 1827 Thanks for his gift of books to the Academie des sciences. BL, Add. MS. 37183, f. 461.

9/1 Baer, Karl Ernst von (1792-1876) 25 September 1829 Sending him an unidentified 'leger tribut' as a mark of esteem. University Library, Giessen. (Nachlass Baer).

10/1 Banks, Sir Joseph (1743-1820) 8 vendemiaire an 8 (30 September 1799) Petitioning for his aid in obtaining the release of Dolomieu; signed by thirty-eight other members of the Institut de France. Chateau de Mariemont, Belgium; M. J. Durry, "Autographes de Mariemont", 4 vols. in 2, Paris, 1955-9, i, 830.

10/2 ------15 thermidor an 8 (3 August 1800) Accompanying note for gift of "Le!Jons de l'anatomie comparee", to Banks and to the Royal Society. BL, Add. MS. 8099, f. 158.

10/3 ------15 frimaire an 9 (6 December 1800) Enclosing his circular on fossil specimens and an unidentified work on natural history. BL, Add. MS. 8099, f. 154.

10/'4 ------9 May 1806 Thanks for his election as a Foreign Member of the Royal 32 The letters of Cuvier

Society. BL, Add. MS. 81.00 f. 14.

10/5 ------n.d. (1813; see W. R. Dawson, "The Banks letters", London, 1958, p.261, s.v. Desbassayna de Richemont) Covering note for gift of "Recherches sur lea ossemens fossiles". BL, Add. MS. 8100 f. 218.

11/1 Beaudouin, Fran~ois Jean (1759-1838) 15 prairial an 1 Asking to see text and plates of work of fossil elephants in order to make corrections before final printing. Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Art, Belgium; Fonds Goswin de Stassart.

12/1 Beaumont de Brivazac, comte de (1746-1821) 12 October 1828 Supporting his efforts to obtain a pension for a teacher in the college at Condom. BIFC 3325/3.

13/1 Bec-aux-Cauchois, Commune of 14 pluvi6se an 2 (2 February 1794) Details of imposition of land tax. M~moires de la Soci~t~ d'Emulation de Montb~liard, 1969, lxvii, 24-5.

Bellay, Bishop of: see Devie, A. R. de

14/1 Benoist (1Louis, 1755-1830) 23 September 1811 Apologies for delay in reply to his election as a member of the Soci~t~ de m~decine de Berne; he has only that day returned from a prolonged journey to Holland and Germany. BUrgerbibliothek, Berne, MS. hist. helv. xxxix/9.

15/1 Bentham, Jeremy (1747-1832) 24 September 1802 (sic) Returns his (unidentified) work which has been very useful; has asked Thouin for the seeds in which Bentham was interested. University College, London, Ogden Papers, 62(2) 76.

16/1 Benzenberg, Johann Friedrich (1777-1846) 17 ventose an 13 (8 March 1805) Thanks for his contribution to work on the fossils at Calendar 33

Sundwick; are they the same as those reported by Blumenbach1 Will report on Benzenberg's work to the Institut; regrets that they could not meet satisfactorily during his visit to Paris; will pass on his messages to Hauy, Lalande, and Burckhardt. Staats-und Universitatsbibliothek, Hamburg.

17/1 Bertrand, Alexandre Jacques Fransois (1795-1831) n.d. Asks him to hand over a box of fossils to the bearer, Alexander Cyriex (1). Edinburgh University Library, Pollok-Horris papers.

18/1 Berzelius, Jons Jacob (1779-1848) 4 June 1819 Is looking forward to Berzelius' presence at dinner next week. SAS. 18/2 ------3 Hay 1821 His efforts to authenticate a mummified head, said to be that of Descartes," sent to the Academie des sciences as a gift by the Swedish Academy of Sciences. (See Lenoir, A.) Sends him the prospectus of the new edition of "Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles", and reviews of two other unidentified works. SAS.

18/3 ------5 December 1825 Thanks for gifts of unidentified works to the Academie des sciences. SAS.

18/4 ------4 December 1826 Thanks for gift of works on chemistry, including Berzelius' own, to the Academie des sciences; in return is sending the latest proceedings of the Academie via the Swedish Ambassador. SAS.

18/5 ------22 June 1830 Is sending vol. ix of same; could he in addition be sent new copies of the papers on the head of Descartes which were passed to Delambre, but could not be recovered from his papers at his death. SAS. 34 The letters of Cuvier

18/6 ------26 June 1830 Has sent off vol. ix. SAS.

18/7 ------28 November \831 Thanks for his gift to the Academie des sciences of the Proceedings of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences 1829­ 30, and of an unidentified discourse by Poppius. S~.

18/8 ------29 November 1831 Thanks for his gift of the same to the Museum national d'histoire naturelle. SAS.

19/1 Biolet, Jean Baptiste (1767-1860) 20 August 1828 Hopes his nephew will obtain a scholarship to the college at Douai. BIFC 3325/5.

20/1 Blagden, Sir Charles (1748-1820) n.d. Thanks for putting him in touch with Mme Gauthier; his pleasure at his election to the Royal Society, which he ascribes to Blagden's influence: is sending him his ~loge of Priestley. RSL, MS. BLA. c. 148.

20/2 ------23 May 1815 Letter of recommendation for Pelletan, son of one of their colleagues of the Institut, who is visiting England. RSL, MS. BLA. c. 147.

21/1 Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich (1752-1840) 22 June 1830 Has passed to Treuttel & Wurtz, publishers and booksellers, responsibility for the sale of vol. ix of the Memoirs of the Royal Society of Sciences of Gottingen. PK.

22/1 Boisbertrand, Etienne Tessiere de (1780-1858) 29 June 1830 Defends the right of Dr Koreff to practice medicine in France. Calendar 35

PK; M. Martin, "Le docteur Koreff (1783-1851): un aventurier intellectuel soua la Restauration et la monarchie de juilIet", Paris, 1925, p. 107.

23/1 Bonnaire-Mansuy, J.-S. (fl. 1820s) 22 November 1824 Thanks for his gift to the Academy of sciences of his work "Cosmogenie ou de la formation de la terre et "e l'origine des petrifactions". Private collection (M. Pfister, Montbeliard); M~moires de la Societe d'Emulation de Montbeliard, 1969, lxvii, 24-5.

24/1 Bonnard, Fran~ois (1776-1838) 15 January 1826 Supporting courses at Montauban initiated by Charles Dupin for workers' education in geometry and mechanics. BIFC 3323/1 1.

25/1 Borromeo, Vitaliano (1792-1874) n.d. Thanks for specimens of fish which will be used in the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". MNIIN, MS. 1985, vol. 2, ff. 179-81.

26/1 Bory de St Vincent, Jean Baptiste Georges Marie (1778-1846) n.d. Sending unident~fied notes by Cuvier for his use. Wmt, MS. 75746.

27/1 Bosc, Louis Augustin Guillaume (1759-1828) n.d. Asks him to procure some molluscs. Charavay sale catalogue, 9 February 1863, p.1S.

28/1 Bostock, Or John (1773-1846) 22 March 1829 Discusses his English translation of Pliny, and encloses two volumes of Cuvier's own version. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

29/1 Bougainville, lIyacinthe Yves Philippe Florentin, baron de (1781-1846) n.d. The importance of his forthcoming voyage for the advancement of natural history. MNHN, MS. 2283. 36 The letters of Cuvier

30/1 Bourgeois, Charles Guillaume Alexandre (1759-1832) 17 December 1821 Thanks for his gift to the Acad~mie des sciences of two copies of his "Manuel d'optique experimentale ~ l'usage des artistes et des physiciens". BM Amiens, MS. 1309.

30/2 ------IS July 1822 Thanks for gift to the Acad~mie des sciences of his "L'existance du principe des refrangibilitl!s diverses de la lumi~re". Ibid.

31/1 Bourgery, Jean Baptiste Marie (1797-1849) n.d. Commending his "Tr~it~ complet de l'anatomie de l'homme". P. Huard & M. Montagn~, 'Georges Cuvier et son temps'. L'extr~me-orient m~dicale, 1949, i, 179-259.

32/1 Brongniart, Alexandre (1770-1847) 14 January 1810, Florence Praising Brongniart's work on studies of fossils of Paris region. His movements in Italy; studies of strata at Figlino. MNHN, MS. 1997, vol. I, ff. 87-8.

33/1 Bronn, Heinrich Georg (1800-1862) 17 June 1827 Has at last received, via Dr Roreff, Bronn's letter of September 1826; discusses their work on Besanson cave fossils. PR.

34/1 Brunacci, Vincenzo (1768-1818) 18 October 1813 Thanks for his gift to the First Class of the Institut of his "Trattato dello ariete idrolico". Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, General Autograph Collection.

35/1 Buchanan, Francis, afterwards Hamilton (1762-1829) n.d. (1820) The work of Cuvier's pupils at present in India. Scottish Record Office, Edinburgh, Buchanan papers.

36/1 Buckland, William (1784-1856) 18 June 1818, London An appointment to meet Buckland.at the College of Surgeons Calendar 37

at eleven the next day. RSL, MS. Bu. 4.

36/2 ------4 November 1823 Thanks for his gifts to the Cabinet du Roi. RSL, MS. Bu. 16.

36/3 ------20 March 1824 Comments on drawings of plesiosaur by Conybeare; is sending a cast of the animal foot found at Honfleur for Buckland to compare with his own megalosaurus. Thinks he has improved on the descriptions of ichthyosaurus by Home and Conybeare. Compliments from his family and from J. B. Pentland. RSL, MS. Bu. 17.

36/4 ------6 June 1824 Thanks for plate of plesiosaurus; comments on teeth found in Tilgate forest; further news of fossils of Honfleur; characterises some strata as belonging to an 'amphibian era'. RSL, MS. Bu. 18.

36/5 ------20 June 1824 Thanks Mary Morland for her drawings, and Buckland for fossils from Stonesfield. Characterisation of the ., age of reptiles'. Hopes to reform the classification of fish. RSL, MS. Bu. 19.

36/6 ------23 August 1827 Letter of introduction for the Marquis and Marquise de Pastoret; has met Buckland's friend Featherstone. The printing of the "Histoire naturelle des poissons" is about to begin. FM, MS. Perceval L. 99.

36/7 ------n.d. (1828) Letter of recommendation for the Russian writer Turgenev. T. ~uller-Kotchetkova, 'Lettres inedites de Sophie Duvaucel II Alexandre Tourgeniev', Stendhal Club, 1977, no. lxxvii, 1-14.

36/8 ------12 September 1829 Letter of introduction for Broussonnet's nephew. Devon Record Office, Exeter, Buckland papers. 38 The letters of Cuvier

36/9 ------3 August 1830, London The revolution in France has curtailed his visit. Asks Buckland to procure him drawings of the dodo in the Ashmolean Museum. RSL, MS. Bu. 35.

36/10 ------15 August 1830, London Returns dodo to Buckland; his departure for France is imminent. RSL, MS. Bu. 37.

37/1 Campe, Joachim Heinrich (1746-1818) 10 fructidor an 10 (28 August 1802) Cuvier hopes to consult him at greater length on matters related to education; compliments to Wiedemann and from ~me Brongniart. Rerzog August Bibliothek, WolfenbUttel, Sammlung Vieweg no. 338.

38/1 Camper, Adriaan Gilles (1759-1820) 30 brumaire an 8 (21 November 1799) Camper's work on elephant skulls will confirm that of his father. Has asked Blumenbach for fossils from Gibraltar. UA, Camper papers.

38/2 ------25 frimaire an 8 (16 December 1799) Problems in the classification of elephants, mammoths and mastodons. Ibid.

38/3 ------n.d. (1799) Cuvier is overwhelmed with depression although his course on comparative anatomy has been well-received. Coquebert has lost his only son in Egypt; attacks Napoleon's grandiose ambitions. His appeal for fossils; Miot de Melito is supplying him with specimens from Corsica. His opinion of Humboldt and Bonpland. Fabricius is in Paris; van Marum and Brugmans are to be elected to the Societe philomatique. Ibid; W. Coleman, 'Abraham Gottlob Werner vu par Alexandre von Humboldt avec des notes de Georges Cuvier', Sudhoffs Arch., 1963, lvii, 465-78. Calendar 39

38/4 ------16 germinal an 8 (6 April 1800) Discusses the mastodon of Ohio and fossils of Montmartre. Ibid.

38/5 ------27 floreal an 8 (17 April 1800) News of his recent publications; the mineralogical collection at the Ecole centrale du Pantheon will enable him to assist Camper's researches. Ibid.

38/6 ------8 messidor an 8 (7 July 1800) Is sending him works by Faujas de St Fond and Latreille; he should also have received his "Lesons de l'anatomie comparlie". Ibid.

38/7 ------24-28 thermidor an 8 (12-16 August 1800) Further discussion on fossils; Autenrieth's information on those of Canstadt; will see that Camper's article on the animal of Maestricht is published; printing and engraving are cheap in Paris. Ibid.

38/8 ------6 fructidor an 8 (24 August 1800) Discussion of the same topics, as well as of Cuvier's fossil discoveries at Montmartre. Ibid.

38/9 ------26 vendemiaire an 9 (18 October 1800) Apologies for the break in their correspondence; now replies to Camper's letters of 7 and 26 fructidor. He and de Candolle are supporting his candidature for the Soci~t~ philomatique. His work on classification of crocodiles. Criticism of Blumenbach, Gmelin and Faujas de St Fond. Fossils from Honfleur. His work on the mastodon of Ohio. Brugman's ingratitude. Ibid.

38/10 ------­ n . d . (? I 800) Is sending him eloges of Lemonnier and Daubenton; has received Camper's gift of his father's works; apologies for breaks in correspondence. Ibid. 40 The letters of Cuvier

38/11 ------20 nivose an 9 (10 January 1801) His teaching at the College de France and the Lycee republicain. Sends his circular asking for information on fossils; Jaegar and Autenrieth are worried lest their information will lead to the confiscation of collections by the French. Camper has been elected to corresponding membership of the Societe philomatique. Ibid.

38/12 ------­ n.d. (71800-1) Bad health has impeded the printing of his "Lesons de l'anatomie comparee"; Wiedemann's unauthorised use of some of his plates; usefulness of the Bulletin of the Societe philomatique in establishing claims to priority. Ibid.

38/13 ------­ n.d. (71802) Dissection of an elephant; will send information on his diacoveries to Camper so that he can complete his father's work on this animal. Ibid.

38/14 ------­ n.d. (1802) Similar topics; his teaching at the Coll~ge de France; complimentary remarks by the Prince of Orange on Camper. Ibid.

38/15 ------10 brumaire an 11 (I November 1802) Is about to depart for Marseille; will Camper also seek a post in the administration of the University of Franaker? Ibid.

38/16 ------14 fructidor an '11 (I September 1803) Excuses for gaps in their correspondence. Ibid.

38/17 ------23 vend~miaire an 12 (16 October 1803) State of the publishing trade in Paris; death of his sister-in-law has caused him great depression. Will try and obtain immediate review for Camper's (unidentified) work; it is useless to expect such from German periodicals. Ibid. Calendar 41

38/18 ------­ n.d. (1803-4) His tasks at the Institut complicated by Napoleon's interference. Answers Camper's queries on fossil tapirs of France; news of new find at Maestricht. Ibid.

38/19 ------20 messidor an 13 (9 July 1805) Break in correspondence has been caused by upheavals in personal life and pressure of work. Is in great need of Camper's fossil upper jaw of rhinoceros in order to complete an important paper; needs it to control differences between fossil and non-fossil specimens. Ibid.

38/20 ------30 thermidor an 13 (18 August 1805) In reply to Camper's letters of 6 and 15 thermidor; needs help from Camper especially since the rhinoceros specimens sent him from the Academy of Sciences of St Petersburg have been given back to the Russian Ambassador; critical remarks on Humbo1dt. Ibid.

38/21 ------28 January 1809 Poor health and official duties have prevented him from writing to Camper. Has received his publications via Ch1adny. Ibid.

38/22 ------n.d. (post 1808 and pre-1814) Cuvier shares Camper's doubts about the proposed abolition of University of Franeker; assures him as to his security of tenure. Ibid.

38/23 ------17 April 1811 Is to start for Holland at the end of the month; reassures him as to the intentions of the French government towards the University of Franeker. Ibid.

38/24 ------7 June 1811, Amsterdam 42 The letters of Cuvier

Hopes to arrive in Franeker quite shortly; has met Camper's son in Haarlem. Ibid.

38/25 ------23 September 1811 In reply to Camper's letter of 4 September, will try his utmost to maintain his position but may be over-ruled by decisions of the Emperor. Ibid.

38/26 ------31 December 1811 In reply to Camper's letter of 21 December, will try to obtain for him the post of Inspector of the Academy of Groningen. Ibid.

38/27 ------7 February \812 Is trying to obtain that Camper be allowed both the Inspectorship and his chair at Franeker. His horror at the condition of Holland. Has recommended his paper on the iguana for publication in the M~moires of the Institut. His daughter Anne is seriously ill. Ibid.

38/28 ------­ n.d. (11812) Camper has been appointed as Rector of the Academy of Groningen. Cuvier is deeply depressed by the death of his daughter Anne and the serious illness of his other children. Ibid.

38/29 ------5 March 1813 Flattered by Camper's offer of joint authorship of an unidentified book. His project for the "R~gne animal". Ibid.

39/1 Candolle, Augustin Pyramus de (1778-1841) 24 frimaire an 11 (15 December 1802), Marseille The stupid govern the affairs of this world. A.-L. de Candolle (ed.), "M~moires et souvenirs de Augustin Pyramus de Candolle", Geneva, 1862, p.541.

39/2 ------\5 germinal an 11 (5 April 1803), Bordeaux Calendar 43

Disapproves of the election of Chenier to the Institut; is loathing his mission in the south of France; details of his journey. Ibid., p.543.

39/3 ------n.d. (1809) The reorganisation of the University of Montpellier. Ibid., p.550.

39/4 ------n.d. (1809) The same. Ibid., P .55 t.

39/5 ------3 March 1812 Protestant affairs in Montpellier; progress of "Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles"; praises Brongniart; progress of German geology. Ibid., p.553.

39/6 ------n.d. (1813) Affairs in Montpellier; changes in his administrative positions in Paris. Ibid., p.554.

39/7 ------26 April 1831 A new edition of "Leljons de I' anatomie comparlie". . A. P. de Candolle, 'Mort de Cuvier', Biblioth~que universelle des sciences, lettres et arts (Gen~ve), 1832. ex. 442-8.

Note: the other 22 letters from Cuvier mentioned in A~L. de Candolle, "Ml!moires t"t souvenirs", (op. cit. 39/1), p.541. cannot at present be located.

40/1 Caruso Karl Gustave (1789-1869) 15 January 1826 His approval of Carus' work in comparative anatomy; asks him to contribute specimens for his "Histoire naturelle des poissons". PK.

40/2 ------3 March 1828 Discussion of problems in the classification of fish; 44 The letters of Cuvier

Carus' work on those of Leske (7) and Bloch. MNHN, MS. 1986, f. 352.

40/3 ------­ 29 June 1831 Thanks for Carus' two papers on circulation in insects; his close interest in his- work on circulation, and in particular the question of analogies between plant and animal physiology. Will support Carus' work in the competition for the medal of the Academy of Sciences. PK.

41/1 Chabrol de Volvic, Gilbert Joseph Gaspard (1773-1843) 26 March 1822 Measures concerning a pupil at the Coll~ge royal of Versailles. WHM, Autograph no. 66365.

41/2 ------17 February 1830 Seeks a post in the Pr~fecture of Paris for a prot~g~. Ibid., Autograph no. 63700.

42/1 Champagny, Jean Baptiste Nomp~re, duc de Cadore (1756-1834) n.d. (1805) Supporting the Greek writer KoraYs to replace Ansse de Villoison at the Coll~ge de France. E. Charavay, "Inventaire des autographes et documents historiques r~unis par M. Ben~amin Fillon", 3 vols., Paris, 1879, i, 90, no. 1170.

42/2 ------23 September 1806 Problems in the publication of P~ron's "Voyage de d~couvertes aux terres australes pendant les ann~es 1800-1804". Maggs Bros. "Catalogue", Christmas, 1937, p.28.

43/1 Champollion, Jean Fran~ois, 'le jeune' (1790-1832) 5 December 1824 Discusses the significance of work on the remote past for the reinterpretation of more recent history; supports his prot~g~ M le Breton. A. Champollion-Figeac, "Les deux Champollion", Grenoble, 1887, p.I72.

44/1 Chaptal, Jean Antoine (1756-1832) 29 brumaire an 9 (20 November 1800) Requests an audience with Chap tal for an unnamed Calendar 45

manufacturer. Archives nationales, Paris, AA 63, plaquette 8, no. 242 bis.

44/2 ------6 ventdse an 9 (24 February 1801) Demanding continuation of subsidy from the Ministry of the Interior to Mac~, at present exploring on the Coromandel coast. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

45/1 Clermont-Tonn~re, Jules Gaspard Aynard, due de (1769-1837) 9 May 1816 Measures to disarm the students of the Faculty of Law. WHM, Autograph no. 66365.

46/1 Combes-Dounous, Jean Isaac (1758-1820) 28 March (71815) Divisions in the Protestant community. HSP.

47/1 Compton, Spencer Joshua Alwyne, Marquess of Northampton ( 1790-185 I) 24 May 1827 Thanks for his gift of books. Private possession, Marquess of Northampton, Castle Ashby House, Drawer 15, vol. 5, no. 1146/11.

48/1 Constable, Archibald (1774-1827) 24 January 1820 Thanks for his gifts to the Acad~mie des sciences of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica", and the 'Scots Magazine'. National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, MS. 672.

48/2 ------10 November 1823 Thanks for his gifts to the Acad~mie des sciences of the 'Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine' and 'Edinburgh Philosophical Journal'. Ibid.

48/3 ------28 June 1824 The same. Ibid.

49/1 Conybeare, William David (1787-1857) 2 July 1822 Thanks for the gift of his joint work with William Phillips 46 The letters of Cuvier

on the geology of England. WHM, Autograph no. 56477.

49/2 ------20 March 1824 Characteristic fossils of Jurassic strata. Distinctions between plesiosaurus, ichthyosaurus, and megalosaurus. Conybeare's contribution to the subject has been invaluable. Criticism of the work of Everard Home and praise for that of Buckland. Suggests the establishment of a regular system of exchange of specimens between the three of them. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, Stuchbnry papers.

50/1 Coquerel, Athanase Laurent Charles (1795-1868) n.d. (8 October 1828) Conflicts over the appointment of Protestant ministers. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, Azzolini collection.

51/1 Corbi~re, Jacques Joseph Guillaume Pierre, comte (1767-1853) 5 December 1827 Official subscriptions to the "Histoire naturelle des poisaons". APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

52/1 Cottard (1) (1790-c.1843) n.d. Alleged human fossil bones found near Marseille; his employment in Corsica. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

53/1 Cousin, Victor (1792-1867) 5 December 1820 Attacks Cousin's teaching. Victor Cousin Library, Sorbonne, Paris; J. BarthtHemy St­ Hilaire, "M. Victor Cousin, sa vie et sa correspondance", 3 vols., Paris, 1895, i, 113.

54/1 Cox, Francis Augustus (1783-1853) n.d. (11828) Discusses plans for a University College in London, in reply to Cox's letter of 14 March 1827. BIFC 3283.

55/1 Cr€tet, Emanuel, comte de Champagny (1747-1809) 8 January 1808 Organisation of the expedition to Spain by Etienne Geoffroy St Hilaire. E. T. Hamy, 'La mission de Geoffroy St Hilaire en Espagne et Calendar 47

en Portugal (1808)', Nouv. archives du Museum, 4th series x, 1908, p.4.

55/2 ------n.d. (I December 1808) Arrival of collections from Portugal; arrangements for Geoffroy's indemnification. Ibid., p.23.

56/1 Cuvier, Frederic (1773-1838) 10 September 1806 His expeditions in search of the fossils of the outlying districts of Paris. BM Besan

56/2 ------16 September 1820 Affairs of the primary school at Grigny. Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Art of Belgium, Fonds Goswin de Stassart.

56/3 ------n.d. Specimens brought back by Bougainville from Australia. WHM, Autograph no. 92255.

57/1 Cuvier, Mme Georges, nee Anne Marie Coquet de Traizaile (1764-1849) 19 May 1811, Pont Ste Maxence Farewells to his family. S. Lee, "Memoirs of Baron Cuvier", London, 1833, pp.223-4.

57/2 n.d. (September 1824) Describes the funeral of Louis XVIII at which Cuvier was present; Talleyrand's vigil. Private possession, R. Dujarric de la Riviere; printed in his "Cuvier, sa vie, son oeuvre", Paris, 1969, p.48.

58/1 Cuvier, Mme Rodolphe, n~e Elizabeth Tuefferd (1787-1880) n.d. Success of her protege in gaining admission to the Ecole polytechnique. WHM, Autograph Collection, no number.

59/1 Dacier, Joseph, baron (1742-1833) 19 messidor an 6 (7 July 1798) Curious anecdotes of natural history. 48 The letters of Cuvier

Charavay sale catalogue, 30-31 August 1855, p.9.

59/2 ------11 December 1830 His claims to election to the Academie des inscriptions et belles-lettres. Archives of the Academy; H. Deherain, 'A propos du centenaire de Georges Cuvier, membre de l'Academie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres' , Journ. des Savants, 1932, pp.222-8.

59/3 ------n.d. The manuscripts of Father Plumier. Charavay sale catalogue, 30-31 August 1855, p.9.

60/1 Dalton, John (1766-1844) 2 December 1816 His election to corresponding membership of the Academie des sciences. Sotheby sale catalogue, 18 February 1957, p.32.

61/1 Damas, Joseph Fran~ois Louis Charles, duc de (1758-1829) 16 February 1829 Sending the Dauphin a volume of the Memoires of the Academie des sciences; asking for an audience with him. HSP.

62/1 Daru, Martial Pierre Noel, baron (1774-1827) n.d. Three letters from Cuvier to Daru may be viewed only by authorisation. Arehives nationales, Paris, AP 138. 99. See S. d;Huart "Les archives Daru", Paris, 1962.

63/1 Davy, Humphrey (1778-1829) n.d. (1828) Letter of recommendation for the Russian author Turgenev. T. MUller-Kotchetkova, 'Lettres inedites de Sophie Duvaucel a Alexandre Tourgeniev', Stendhal Club, 1977, no. lxxvii, 1-14.

64/1 Davy, Lady JaDe (1780-1855) 4 March 1831 Additions and improvements to his ~loge of her husband. PK. Calendar 49

65/1 Decazes, Elie duc de (1780-1860) 10 December 1819 Protestant pupils in the royal colleges. WHM, Autograph Collection, no number.

65/2 ------n.d. (1820) Very long letter concerning abuses in Catholic seminaries, especially in the Franche-Comt~, and their political consequences. BIFC 3285/2.

65/3 ------27 October 1820 The Church's rights of inspection in state primary schools. BIFC 3285/1.

65/4 ------22 December 1820 Recommending the brother of the Rector of the Academy of Toulouse for a sub-prefecture. ~lM, Autograph Collection, no. 66365.

66/1 Deleuze, Joseph (1753-1835) 26 frimaire an 11 (17 December 1802), Marseille His work on fish; social life in the south of France. ~IM, Autograph Collection, no number.

67/1 Desgenettes, Nicolas R~n~ Dufriche, baron (1762-1837) 15 messidor an 12 (4 July 1804) Thanks for his gift of a paper on the hospitals of Paris. BM Rouen, Collection Duputel MS. 454.

67/2 ------8 April 1806 Enquiries concerning a post for G. L. Duvernoy. L. Ahnne, 'Notice sur les autographes offerts par Mme Alfred Bovet A la Soci~te d'Emulation', Hemoires de la Societe d'Emulation de Montbeliard, 1906, xxxiii, 11-26.

67/3 ------18 April 1811 Thanks for gift of his unidentified work on the history of medicine. BM Versailles, Autograph no. 483.

68/1 Deterville (no discoverable Christian names) (1766-1842) n.d. 50 The letters of Cuvier

Technical details of the publication of three treaties on molluscs. Sotheby sale catalogue, 16 May 1978, p.47.

69/1 Devie, Alexandre Raymond (1767-1852) n.d. (November 1828) The Church's control over education. Archives nationales, Paris, F7/ 9768.

70/1 Deyeux, Nicolas (1753-1837) 10 June 1807 A request for help with the pharmaceutical and chemical sections of his report on the progress of science requested by the Emperor. WHH, Autograph Collection no. 66365.

71/1 Dolomieu, D~odat de Gratet de (1750-1801) 16 germinal an 9 (16 April 1801) His pleasure at Dolomieu'·s release; also signed by Berthollet and Delambre. E. Mllindron, "L'Academie des sciences", Paris, 1888, pp.240-1.

Dubreuil, Joseph Mllrie (1790-1852): see Serres, Marcel de

72/1 Dudley, Sir Henry Bate (1745-1824) 16 September 1821 Thanks for his gift of a work on the Bible Society of London. FM, MS. Perceval R3.

73/ I Dunal, Hichel Felix (t 789-1856) 28 October 1828 His post as Professor of botany at Montpellier is confirmed, thanks to Cuvier and Candolle. DIFC 3325/22.

74/1 Dupetit-Thouars, Aubert Toscan (1758-1831) The four letters formerly listed as MNHN MS. 1905 cannot now be located.

75/1 Duret, Pierre Jean (1771-1836) 9 June 1822 Efforts to help a protege of Duret. National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh, MS. 594.

76/1 Dutrochet, Rene Joachim Henri (1776-1847) 10 December 1814 In praise of his work on insects. Calendar 51

Charavay sale catalogue, November 1862, p.3.

77/1 Duvernoy, Geo~ges Louis (1777-1855) 27 flor~al an 8 (17 May 1800) Thanks for his assiduous attendance at his courses; complaints of a sad and lonely life in Paris. BM Besan~on, MS. Duvernoy 51.

77/2 ------15 frimaire an 11 (6 December 1802), Fr~jus Problems in the classification of molluscs; conditions in the south of France. G. L. Duvernoy, "Notice historique sur les ouvrages et la vie de M. le baron Cuvier", Paris & Strasbourg, 1833. p.59; J. Vi~not, "Lettres in~dites de Georges Cuvier ~ Georges Duvernoy", Dole, 1905.

77/3 ------27 frimaire an 11 (18 December 1802). Marseille His working methods. Vi~not, op. ciL

77/4 ------15 nivdse an 11 (5 January 1803) Their contributions to the "Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles"; Fourcroy's work for it. Duvernoy, op. cit., p.52, in abbreviated form; Vi~not. op. cit.

77/5 ------30 niv~se an 11 (20 January 1803), Marseille TIle politics of his election as Permanent Secretary of ' the First Class of the Institut. Vi~not, op. cit.

77/6 ------February 1805 Is overwhelmed with official duties and in serious danger of missing the printing date of "Le!ions de l'anatomie comparlie" if Duvernoy does not help him. Vi~not, op. cit.

77/7 ------November 1806 His plans for publication; effect of the decline of his eyesight on the direction of his work. Vi~not, op. cit. 52 The letters of Cuvier

77/8 ------n.d. (1808) Recent research and future plans; his l~boratory. Vi~not, op. cit; Duvernoy, op. cit, pp.50-2.

77/9 ------July 1809 (Italy) His journey in Italy. Duvernoy, op. cit., p.98; Vi~not, op. cit.

77/10 ------31 December 1809, Florence His opinion of the Italian collections in natural history. Duvernoy, op. cit.

77/11 ------23 September 1810 A summary of past and future work; disposition of labour between himself and Duvernoy. Vi~not, op. cit; Duvernoy, op. cit., in abbreviated form.

77/12 ------­ n.d. (1817) His reasons for refusing election as deput~ for the d~partement of the Doubs. Vi~not, op. cit; idem, "Georges Cuvier, le Napoll!on de I'intelligence, 1769-1832", Paris, 1932, pp. 133-4.

77/13 ------­ n.d. (1817) The "R~gne animal" is about to appear; its place in the grand design of his work. Vil!not, op. cit.

77/14 ------. 5 November 1827 Their division of labour in the preparation of the new edition of the "Leji:ons de l'anatomie comparl!e"; Duvernoy's work on dissection should be guided by the remarks in Cuvier's recent report on Dutrochet. Burgerbibliothek, Berne, MS. hist. helv. xxiii. 46. 3.

Note: letters 77/2-13 are no longer held by the Soei~tl! d'l!mulation de Montbeliard, where vil!not catalogued them; their present location is unknown.

78/1 Ebell, Georg August (1764-1830) 24 thermidor an 9 (12 August 1801) Calendar 53

Wants information on Ebell's collection of fossil quadrupeds. LBS, Cod. hist, 4°333a, 513.

78/2 ------n.d. Letter of recommendation for Rousseau, who is to draw Ebell's specimens. Ibid.

79/1 Ecole royale d'~conomie rurale et v~terinaire, Lyon 16 December 1822 Thanks the professors of the school for their gift of this year's prize essays to the Acad~mie des sciences. Biblioth~que nationale, Paris, Nouv. acq. fr. 4814, f.205.

80/1 Edward, Samuel (see Venn, vol. 2, p.295; Foster, vol. 2, p.413 for possible identifications) 10 December 1823 News of Mr and Mrs Bowdich. BL, Add. MS. 23102, f. 74.

81/1 Erman, Paul (1764-1851) 29 December 1806 He is awarded the annual prize for work on galvanism offered by the First Class of the Institut. PK.

82/1 Fabbroni, Giovanni Valentino Mattia (1752-1822) 21 pluvi~se an 9 (10 February 1801) His requests for information on fossil quadruped specimens should be placed in Italian literary journals; mentions Brongniart and Dum~ril. APS, Fabbroni papers, B. F113.

82/2 ------17 frimaire an 10 (8 December 1801) Opinions of phrenology; the Institut hopes to influence the new ruler of Tuscany in Fabbroni's favour; is sending him "Le!fons ,de l'anatomie compar~e" via Suv~e. Ibid.

82/3 ------10 brumaire an 11 (I November 1802) News of Fabbroni's son in Paris; dissection of an elephant; Cuvier's imminent journey to the south of France. Ibid. 54 The letters of Cuvier

82/4 ------6 pluviOse an 11 (24 January 1803), Marseille Introduces the Russian prince Dalgarouki; his election as Permanent Secretary of the First Class of the Institut de France. Ibid.

82/5 ------6 vend~miaire an 12 (29 September 1803) The properties of quinine; the fate of anatomic~l models sent from Italy to France; news of Felix Fontana; Cuvier's work on molluscs; complaints of depression and overwork. Ibid.

82/6 ------n.d. (71803) Letter of recommendation for Armstrong, a young Irish doctor. Ibid.

82/7 ------n.d. (November 1805) Congratulations on Fabbroni's election to corresponding membership of the Institut; recent experiments by Biot and Th~nard; Fabbroni's contribution to his study of fossil hippopotamus; his domestic sadness; mentions of Deleuze. Ibid.

82/8 I1 March 1807 Cuvier is mobiliaing support in France to protest against Fabbroni's dismissal from his post in Tuscany. "Scritti di pubblica economia del Cav. Giovanni Fabbroni", 2 vols., Florence, 1847, i, xxx.

82/9 ------I April 1820 Thanks for his gifts of fossil teeth and for the information on Fossombroni's work in the Val di Chiana; more informa­ tion is required on the fossils of Tuscany; mentions Neri Corsini. APS, Fabbroni papers, B. F113.

82/10 ------30 October 1820 Letter of introduction for the American Senator Richie. Ibid.

Note: the complete interchange between Cuvier and Fabbroni Calendar 55

is printed in D. Outram, 'Natural history, politica and pub­ licisation: the correapondence between Georges Cuvier and Giovanni Fabbroni', Ricerche storiche, 1979.

83/1 Faraday, Michael (1791-1867) 2 July 1827 Thanks for his gift of "Manipulations chimiques" to the Academie des sciences. Royal Institution, London, Faraday papers F2, f. 40.

84/1 Fite, Henry Francis Alexander de la (1773-1831) n.d. (71824) In reply to his letter of 17 April 1824, discusses dates of deposition of cave fossils, and speculates on deluges, only to point out the problems of such speculations. MNHN, MS. 627; W. Coleman, "Georges Cuvier, zoologist: a study in the history of evolution theory", Cambridge, Mass., 1964, p.134, in abbreviated form.

85/1 Fontaines, Lavallee Guillaume Fransois Fouques Deshayes dea ( 1733-(825) n.d. Problems of the book trade. Yale University Library, Sterling Memorial Library, French Misc. MSS. Collection.

86/1 Fontanes, Louis de (1757-1821) 5 floreal an 8 (25 April 1800) Invitation to attend the meetings of the Institut; also signed by Delambre and de Jussieu. Library of the Sorbonne, Paris, MS. 1602, f. 63.

86/2 ------n.d. (711809) Report on the achievements and abilities of the mathematician Lacroix. Charavay sale catalogue, 10 March 1847, p.20.

86/3 ------n.d. (1809-14) Rights of inspection by Pr~fects over lic~es. Ibid., 7 December 1854, p.31.

86/4 ------29 December 1813 Candidates for posts at the University of Pisa. Archives nationales, Paris, F17. 1959, dossier 2, f. 65. 56 The letters of Cuvier

87/1 Fontanier, Victor (1796-1857) n.d. (1822) A place for his prot~g~ in the University. BIFC 3320/16.

88/1 Fonvieille, Pastor Jean David (1799-1840) 15 December 1829 The use of his Latin grammar in state schools. BIFC 3326/27.

88/2 ------17 April 1830 The same. BIFC 3326/28.

89/1 Fourcroy, Antoine Fran~ois (1755-1809) 21 flor~al an 12 (10 May 1804) Supporting the efforts of his prot~g~ Antoine Nicolas to gain a post in a Parisian lyc~e. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 66365.

90/1 Frenilly, Auguste Fran~ois Fauveau, baron de (1768-1848) 21 April 1822 Will consider his support for Frenilly's prot~g~ Faucompr~. BIFC 3320/16.

91/1 Freteau, Dr Jean Marie Nicolas (1755-1823) 15 April 1816 His medical works will receive comments by Portal and HaIle. FM, General series.

92/1 Friedlander, Dr Michael (1768-1824) n.d. Needs his advice on an unspecified urgent matter. FM, MS. Perceval L. 100.

Note: the rest of the correspondence between Friedlander and Cuvier mentioned in L. Marchant, "Lettres de Georges Cuvier h C. H. Pfaff •••", 1858, p.9, cannot now be located.

Garnot, Pierre Nicolas (1757-1848): see Lesson, R. P.

93/1 Gautier, L~on (1) 29 vendemiaire an 13 (22 October (803) His gift of models to the Institut. WHM, Autograph Collection, no number. Calendar 57

94/1 Geoffroy St Hilaire, Etienne (1772-1844) n.d. (71803), Lyon The social life of Lyon and its collections of fossils; mentions de Jussieu. Private collection of R. Dujarric de la Rivi~re, Paris; printed in his "Cuvier, sa vie, son oeuvre", Paris, 1969, p.47.

94/2 ------n.d. Questions relating to the expedition to the Morea. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 68118.

95/1 G~rando, Joseph Marie de (1772-1842) An 13 (1804-5) His opinion of the proposal that the government should purchase Humboldt's herbarium. Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Art of Belgium, Fonds Goswin de Stassart.

95/2 ------22 April 1814 Worries over his political and financial future. J. Vienot, "Georges Cuvier, Napoleon de I'intelligence", Paris, 1932, p.129, ascribes the location of this letter as BSHPF, but it is not mentioned in the Society's MS. catalogue.

95/3 ------n.d. Thanks for his condolences on the death of his daughter; plans for the formation of 'the Blblioth~que Germanique. Charavay sale catalogue, March 190~, no. 343, p.9.

96/1 Gerbaud, Brother, Superior of the Order of the Fr~res des Ecoles Cllretiennes, 1810-22 27 April 1813, Rome The difficult position of the Order in the former Papal States. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 69102.

97/1 Gergonne, Joseph Diez (1771-1859) March 1826 Cuvier promises to support the Faculty of Sciences at Montpellier in its struggles with the Municipality. BIFC 3323/18. 58 The letters of Cuvier

98/1 Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde zu Berlin 15 thermidor an 8 (3 August 1800) Requesting information on German collections of fossils. Archives of the Society; J. The6dorid~s, 'Une lettre inedite de Georges Cuvier ~ la Gesellschaft Naturforschenden Freunde .zu Berlin (1800)', Histoire BioI., 1969, ii, 58-68.

98/2 ------27 messidor an 9 (16 July 1801) Gift of his published works to the Society. Archives of the Society.

99/1 Girard, Pierre Simon (1765-1836) n.d. (1828) Letter of thanks on his election as President of the Soci~t~ de geographie. Archives of the Society; N. Larronde, 'Cuvier et la geographie', La geographie, 1932, lviii, 301-8.

100/1 Girardin, Jean Pierre Louis (1803-1884) 1 February 1830 Thanks for his gift to the Academie des sciences of his "Rapport sur le petrisseur mecanique de Mssrs Cavelier Fr.et n Cie. • BM Rouen, Collection Girardin, MSS. 280.

100/2 ------17 October 1831 Thanks for his gift to the Acad~mie des sciences of his "Rapport su l'emploi du g~latine des os". Ibid., MS. 281.

101/1 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749-1832) 3 July 1826 Covering note for gift of his most important works to date. Goethe-und Schiller Archiv, Nationale Forschung und Gedenkst~ten der Klassischen Deutschen Litteratur in Weimar, Nachlass Goethe.

101/2 ------2 August 1831 Thanks for his gift of his "Metamorphose der Pflanzen". R. Schneider, 'Goethe autographs at Harvard', Harvard Libr. Bull., 1949, iii, 371-85; University Lihrary, Harvard.

102/1 Goldfuss, Georg August (1782-1848) 27 June 1822 His contribution to vol. 4 of the "R~gne animal"; the Calendar 59

animal remains in Kirby Cavern. PK.

103/1 Gordon, John (1786-1818) 31 August 1817 Discussion of the work of Gall and Spurzheim. D. Ellis, "Memoirs of the life and writings of John Gordon, MD, FRSE", Edinburgh & London, 1823, pp.86-7.

Gtlttingen, Royal Society of Sciences of: see Blumenbach, J. F.

104/1 Gouan, Antoine (1733-1821) 12 pluviose an 9 (I February 1801) Gouan's claim to priority in publication on certain fossils; news of Lacep~de, and of Pinel's friendship with Gouan's SOil. BL, Add. MS. 22935, f. 74.

105/1 Greenough, George Bellas (1778-1855) n.d. (1814) Specimens and letters which Greenough is to take to Sir Everard Home and the Chevalier de Bourns. Cambridge University Library, Add. MS. 7918 (3).

105/2 ------12 June (1818), London His arrangements in England; Buckland's viait to London and Cuvier's desire to see him. Ibid.

105/3 ------23 August 1819 Thanks for his gift to the Acad~mie des sciences of his "A critical examination of the first principles of geology in a series of essays". Ibi

106/1 Grey-Bennet, Hon. Henry (1777-1836) 6 September 1818 Sending a copy of his inaugural speech in the Acad~mie fran~aise and thanking him for his gift of unidentified works, possibly on Protestantism or political economy. University Library, Pisa, MS. 775/88.

107/1 Grote, Count August Otto (1747-1830) n.d. A proposed tour of the Jardin des plantes. ~IM, Autograph Collection no. 68518. 60 The letters of Cuvier

108/1 Guidotti (Professor of chemistry, University of Parma; otherwise unidentified) 20 March 18 II Reassurance as to the future of the University of Parma. Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. Add. A. 102, f. 13.

109/1 Guizot, Fran~ois Pierre Guillaume (1787-1874) 13 October 1814 Questions affecting the administration of Montb~liard (Doubs) • Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

110/1 Ha1ma, Abb~ Nico1as (1756-1828) 7 July 1825 His work on ancient astronomy. Sterling Memorial Library, Yale University Library, J. B. Murray Collection.

111/1 Hamner, Priedrich Ludwig (1762-1837) 18 thermidor an 9 (6 August 1801) Letter of introduction for Schreibers, professor-designate of natural history at Vienna; is awaiting the arrival of his works on fossils and of Lauth's obituary of Hermann. PK.

111/2 ------25 fructidor an 10 (12 September 1802) Difficulties of the School of Pharmacy at Strasbourg. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

111/3 ------­ n.d. (pre-1809) Has spoken to Fourcroy and Renaud on his behalf. Ibid.

111/4 ------­ 6 May 1808 Reply to Hammer's letter of 24 March. Will support him in the reorganisation of the university system. Mention of Villers • PK.

111/5 ------­ n.d. Gifts of fossil specimens from Hammer; is sending casts of pa1eotherium in return. FM, General series. Calendar 61

111/6 ------29 October 1825 Hammer's demand to retire from his post. BIFC 3322/20 bis.

111/7 ------29 October 1829 Reassurance on Hammer's pension rights. PK.

112/1 Harlan, Richard (1796-1843) 30 August 1831 Thanks for his gift of specimens to the Museum national d'histoire naturelle, and awarding the title of correspondant of the Museum. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

113/1 Harless, Johann Christian Friedrich (1773-1853) 13 brumaire an 14 (4 November 1805) Thanks for his gift to the Institut of his work on yellow fever and contagion. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 333a, 449.

114/1 Hartmann, Johann Georg August (1767-1851) 20 May, 1790, Caen. In German and Latin. His isolation from friends and work in Germany; new species of beetles; illustrations of them in text; l'H~ritier's visit to Kew. Schiller Nationalmuseum, Marbach-an-Neckar, Deutsches Literaturarchiv, MS. Z. 655.

114/2 ------18 November 1790, Caen. In German and Latin. Illustrated. Reproaches for not answering his last letter; reiterates his findings on new species of beetles; confusions in the entomological classification of Fabricius. Ibid., MS. Z. 656; printed in an abbreviated French translation in G. L. Duvernoy, "Notice historique sur les ouvrages et la vie de M. le baron Cuvier", Paris & Strasbourg, 1833, p.120; and in full in Revue entomologique, 1833, i, 143-60.

114/3 ------February 1791, Caen. In Latin and German. Illustrated. Further descriptions of insects. L. Ahne, 'Notice sur les autographes offerts par Mme Alfred Bovet ~ la Societe d'Emulation', Memoires de la Societ~ d'Emulation de Montbeliard, 1906, xxxiii, 11-26. 62 The letters of Cuvier

114/4 ------18 May 1791, Fiquainville. In German and Latin. Further research on beetles; questions of nomenclature. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 333; Duvernoy, op. cit., pp.123-6.

114/5 ------6 thermidor an 3 (24 July 1795) His collaboration with Geoffroy St Hilaire. Duvernoy, op. cit., p.127.

114/6 ------­ 15 June 1820 Requesting his help for the preparation of a new work on fossils. Difficulty of obtaining German scientific works in France. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 333 a. 122.

115/1 Henrion de Pansey, Pierre Paul Nicolas (1742-1829) 23 March (1828-9) Excusing himself from a social engagement. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 9913, f. I.

116/1 Henslow, John Stevens (1796-1861) 13 August 1830, London Thanks for Henslow's help to him in England; events in France force an early return and thus the abandonment of his visit to Cambridge. Autographic Mirror, 1866, iv, 198.

117/1 H~ricy, Achille d' (1776-181) Spring 1795 The doings of the (unidentified) 'fameuse commission'. P. Ardouin, "Georges Cuvier, promoteur de l'id€e €volutionniste et ci€ateur de la biologie moderne", Paris, 1970, pp.60-2.

117/2 ------­ n.d. (11796) Napoleon's campaigns in Italy; Parisian theatres. Catalogue of the Libraire de l'Abbaye, 1967, no. 61.

117/3 ------n.d. (24 December 1795;. 1800 is also a possible date) Hopes for an end of intrigues and worries for his family. The reception of 'mon ouvrage' , an unidentified work at least partly concerned with the classification of birds. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection. Calendar 63

118/1 Hericy, Marie Elizabeth d', nee le Parmentier de Criquetot, marquise (1756-1829) 4 July 1827 His aid in matters of local conflict. Museum de Rouen; M. Lerond, 'Note ~ propos d'un herbier de Georges Cuvier depose au Museum de Rouen', Hist. Nat., 1975, vii, 75-6.

119/1 Hermann, Johann (1738-1800) 1800 Financial condition of himself and the Jardin des Plantes. G. L. Duvernoy, "Notice historique sur les ouvrages et la vie de M. le baron Cuvier", Paris & Strasbourg, 1833, p.130; S. Lee, "Memoirs of Baron Cuvier", London, 1833, p.27.

120/1 Herschel, John Frederick William (1792-1871) 11 September 1826 Thanks for gift of books to the library of the Institut de France. RSL, MS. HS 5. 384.

120/2 ------I November 1831 The difficult position of Mr. Wilson, a Protestant pastor in France. Ibid., MS. HS 5. 385.

121/1 Heyden, Carl von (1793-1866) 7 November 1827 Family tragedy has caused his late reply to the news of his election to the Gesellschaft; enlists its help on the· collection of data for the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-am­ Main, Archives of the Society.

Holland, Lord and Lady: see Vassall, E. and H. R.

122/1 Home, Sir Everard (1756-1832) 15 thermidor an 8 (3 August 1800) Note accompanying the gift of an unidentified work. Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, Home papers.

122/2 ------11 pluviOse an 10 (31 January 1802) His dissection of an elephant; his work on the circulation in red-blooded 'vers'. Ibid. 64 The letters of Cuvier

122/3 ------24 floreal an 10 (14 May 1802) Thanks for Home's gifts of his most recent works via Blagden; his researches on fossil teeth; considerations prompted by mummified animals from Egypt. Ibid.

122/4 ------14 messidor an 10 (2 July 1802) Letter of introduction for M and Mme Coquebert; his hopes to come to London himself have been dashed by the order for his mission in the south of France. Ibid.

122/5 ------30 messidor an 12 (18 July 1804) His dissection of an elephant; his interest in the 'mammoth' found in Ohio by C. W. Peale. Ibid.

122/6 ------­ 9 July 1806 Thanka for the drawings of the Ohio animal sent him by Home; an interchange of papers. Ibid.

122/7 ------6 March 1807 Sending his latest work; has read Home's essay on Teredo navalis in the Phil. Trans. Ibid.

122/8 ------­ 26 July 1807 Covering note for a gift of essays sent via M Berger and Mme Gerrard. Ibid.

122/9 ------22 April 1814 A covering note for fossil specimens sent via Greenough; his work in comparative anatomy; his compliments to Harcet and Wollaston. Ibid.

122/10 ------­ 30 July 1814 Letter of introduction for the surgeon Roux. Ibid. Calendar 65

122/11 ------12 August 1814 Letter of introduction for Frederic Cuvier, who needs access to British collections in natural history. Ibid.

122/12 ------14 August 1814 Letter of recommendation for his pupil Blainville. Ibid.

122/13 ------10 October 1814 Criticism of the classification vermes which ia still employed in England. Ibid.

122/14 ------­ n.d. (71815) Letter of introduction for the artist Leseur; eventa in France have prevented him from visiting England. Ibid.

122/15 ------­ 17 May 1823 His meeting with Home'a nephew Sir John Croft; is sending vol. 4 of the "R~gne animal" via Fitton; has sent the earlier vols. via Home's son. Ibid.

122/16 ------8 September 1823 Thanks for works sent by Home; will shortly send the last vol. of the "R~gne animal". Ibid.

123/1 Humboldt, Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander von (1769­ 1859) 26 vendemiaire an 7 (17 October 1798) Enquiries to be undertaken by Humboldt during a projected journey in North Africa. Karl-Marx University library, Leipzig; J. Theodorid~s, 'Une note inedite de Cuvier h Humboldt (1798)', BioI. Med., 1961, i, 51-71.

Note: two further letters from Cuvier to Humboldt, of 24 January 1807 and 8 June 1827, held by the Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften,(Humboldts Forschungstelle), DDR, could not be made available. 66 The letters of Cuvier

124/1 Huot, Jean Jacques Nicolas (1790-1845) 9 November 1826 Thanks for the gift of his work on fossils which has been deposited in the library of the Mus€um national d'histoire naturelle. Sotheby's sale catalogue, 16 May 1978, p.47.

125/1 Jameson, Robert (1774-1854) 23 August 1827 A letter of introduction for the Marquis and Marquise de Pastoret; their particular interest in charitable institutions. Edinburgh University library, Pollok-tlorris papers.

126/1 Jaquotot, Mme Marie Victoire (1778-1855) n.d. Supports her petition. BM, Fontainbleau, MS. 12 (BB 7.), Recueil Jacotot (sic).

127/1 Johanneau, Eloi (1770-1851) 22 November 1828 Is sending him two unidentified volumes of his own work as a mark of his deep esteem. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 333a, 432.

128/1 Jourdan, Athenase Jean L€ger (1791-1826) 15 December 1821 Inviting him to take part in the competition for a chair in the history of law. Biblioth~que Cujas (Law and Economic science), University of Paris, MS. 27.

129/1 Junker, Colonel Jacques Philippe (7) 10 February 1829 Thanks for his gift of birds which will be placed in the collections of the Cabinet du Roi. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 64710.

130/1 Jussieu, Antoine Laurent de (1748-1836) 12 brumaire an 11 (3 November 1802) Thanks hiDI for his long and effective support. Charavay sale catalogue, 6 April 1846, p.5.

131/1 Rapp, Christian Eberhard (1739-1824) 9 messidor an 12 (28 June 1804) Rapp's work on the ibis is being pursued by other German naturalists. British Museum (Natural History), London. Calendar 67

132/1 Karsten, Karl Johann Bernhard (1782-1853) 9 thermidor an 10 (28 July 1802) An exchange of published works via Friedlander. Cuvier's work on the anatomy of the crocodile; news of Camper and Humboldt. PK.

132/2 ------17 prairial an 12 (6 June 1804) Karsten's significant contribution to the accompanying works on fossils. PK.

132/3 ------16 pluviOse an 13 (5 February 1805) Attacking a paper by Chevenix published in the Annales de chimie; message for Deluc in Berlin; news of HaUy; fossil discoveries in the outskirts of Paris. University Library Hamburg, MS. Campe 12.

132/4 ------­ 9 May 1806 The Chevenix affair; fossils from Sundwick sent via Benzenburg. PK.

132/5 ------15 March 1807 Plans for the contents of the "Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles". PK.

133/1 Keate, Robert John (1777-1857) 9 January 1819 Thanks for his election to the Royal College of-Surgeons. Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, Stone Collection, vol. I. Note: this letter is annotated by Richard Owen.

134/1 Kielmeyer, Karl Friedrich (1765-1844) n.d.(1790s), Normandy. In German. His regrets at not being able to return to Stuttgart; is continuing work on comparative anatomy and physiology; work on molluscs. BIFC 3214/1.

134/2 ------9 April (no year), Normandy. In German. 68 The letters of Cuvier

The same. Ibid.

134/3 ------n.d., Normandy. In German. Further researches on molluscs. Ibid.

134/4 ------19 February 1791, Caen Work on the anatomy of the frog. Deutsches Literaturarchiv, Marbach-an-Neckar, MS. Z. 424.

134/5 ------­ n.d. (11805) Sending him the rema1n1ng volumes of his "Anatomie compar~e"; reproaches for his cold and distant tone. DDR Academy of Sciences, East Berlin.

134/6 ------26 January 1807 Excuses for break in correspondence; recalls all he has done for Kielmeyer's prot~g~s; is sending him all his works to date. His correspondence with Autenrieth has also been interrupted. Ibid.

134/7 ------n.d. (11807-08) Asking for help in the preparation of his report on the progress of science since 1789; Oken's hostility makes it impossible to consult him on Naturphilosophie; his opinions of this body of belief. Ibid.

134/8 ------30 January 1808 Discussion of Naturphilosophie and the ways in which it is preserved from attack by 'terrorisme litt~raire'; its effect on the reputation of natural science. Ibid.

134/9 ------­ 15 June 1820 Sending him his "Eloges historiques", vols. I and 2; is awaiting his report on the fossils of Canstadt. Ibid. Calendar 69

134/10 ------n.d. (April 1827) Comments on Lacepede; requests his collaboration on the "Histoire naturelIe des poissons". Ibid.

134/11 ------n.d. (August 1831) Progress of the "Histoire naturelle des poissons"; criticism of Geoffroy St Hilaire. Ibid.

135/1 Koenig, Carl Dietrich Eberhard (1774-1851) n.d. Letter of introduction for the historian Pirtz, from Hanover; compliments to Planta and Children; enquiries after Leach from Sophie Duvaucel; thanks for Koenig's drawings of fossils. BL, Add. MS. 32441, f. 31.

135/2 ------­ n.d. Letter of introduction for Valenciennes, who wishes to make drawings from his collections. BL, Add. MS. 32441, f. 33.

136/1 Laborie, Laurent Pierre Honore (1767-1830) 15 January 1822 Affairs of the Academy of Strasbourg. Archives Nationates, Paris, F. 17. 2245.

137/1 Lacepede, Bernard Germain Etienne de la ViIle sur Illon, comte de (1756-1825) 9 February 1792, Normandy Ilis work on the anatomy of fish; attitude towards the revolution in France. BIFC 3214/1.

137/2 ------9 March 1792 The same; this letter seems to be another version of 137/1. MNHN.

137/3 ------­ n.d. (1793) Lacepede's departure from the Museum national d'histoire naturelle. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection. 70 The letters of Cuvier

137/4 ------26 brumaire an 13 (17 November 1804) Asks for an award from the L~gion d'honneur to Amaury-Ouval. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 65667.

138/1 Lacroix, Sylvestre Fran~ois (1765-1843) 26 April 1809 Appointing him to the Faculte des sciences in Paris. Biblioth~que de l'Institut de France, Fonds Lacroix, Ill/51.

139/1 Lamartine, Alphonse Marie Louis de (1790-1869) 5 April (1830) Arrangements for "his reception into the Academie fran~aise. Bulletin Charavay no. 731, December 1968, no. 32799.

140/1 Langlois, Eustache Hyacinthe (1777-1837) 5 December 1831 Designs for visiting cards. BM Rouen, Collection Duputel.

141/1 Lauth, Ernest Alexandre (1803-1837) 29 May 1827 Hopes to increase his salary at Strasbourg. BIFC 3324/11.

142/1 Lawrence, Thomas (1769-1830) 28 September 1825 Admission tickets for the meetings of the Institut. Royal Academy, London, Thomas Lawrence papers, LAW/4/374.

142/2 ------18 November 1825 Letter of recommendation for Camille de Tournon, who is an admirer of Lawrence's work. Ibid., Thomas Lawrence Papers, LAW/4/391.

142/3 ------21 October 1826 Thanks for an unspecified gift, perhaps Lawrence's portrait of Sophie Duvaucel. Ibid., Thomas Lawrence Papers, LAW/5/79.

143/1 Leclercq, Florent (fl. 1820s) 15 December 1829 His request for a teaching post at Boulogne-sur-Mer. BIFC 3326/50. Calendar 71

144/1 Lefebure, Louis Henri (Alexandre) (1754-1839) 26 February 1832 Thanks for election as a member of the Society. PK; Annales de la Societe entomologique de France, 1832, i, 17.

Legion d'Honneur, Grand Chancelier de: see Lacep~de, B. G. E; MacDonald, Marechal, E. J. J.

145/1 Lemercier, Louis Jean Nepomuc~ne (1771-1840) n.d. (1825) Discussing his gift of specimens. BM Bayeux MS. 249 bis.

146/1 Lemon, Sir Charles (1784-1868) 8 September 1823 Condolences on his recent loss; thanks for his gift of the 'Comptes de finances' of Great Britain. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

147/1 Lenoir, Marie Alexandre (1761-1839) 15 May 1821 Verification of an alleged skull of Descartes. E. Charavay (ed.), "Inventaire des autographes et documents hist'oriques reunis par M. Benjamin Fillon", Paris. 1878. no. 220.

147/2 ------­ 19 May 1821 The same. Ibid.

148/1 Lesson, Rene Primav~re (1794-1849) n.d. Discussion of Lesson's proposed continuation of Buffon. BM Rochefort-sur-Mer, MS. 29.

148/2 ------This letter is also addressed to Garnot. 15 January 1827 Thanks for their gift to the Institut of their book "Voyage autour du mond~ execute par ordre du Roi sur la corvette la Coquille, par M. le Capitaine Duperrey: zoologie". Ibid., MS. 30.

148/3 ------­ 17 May 1830 Thanks for his gift to the Institut of his "Oeuvres de Buffon: complement", and the "Histoire naturelle des 72 The letters of Cuvier

oiseaux-roouches". Ibid., MS. 30.

148/4 ------26 September 1831 Thanks for his gift to the Institut of his "Histoire naturelle des colibris"; Cuvier's great debt to Lesson. Ibid., MS. 30.

149/1 Lichtenstein, Martin Henri Charles (1780-1857) 16 September 1826 Letter of introduction for Valenciennes who is travelling to Berlin to sketch fish for the "Ilistoire naturelle des poissons". Cuvier's debt to German writers on this topic. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

150/1 Liebig, Adrian Justus von (1803-1873) n.d. Liebig should feel free to visit him. Bavarian State Library, Munich, Liebigiana 58.

151/1 Luscombe, Michael Henry Thornhill, Bishop (1776-1846) 11 February 1828 Making an appointment to see him. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 64710.

152/1 Luxembourg, Charles Emmanuel, duc de (1777-1851) 3 January 1825 Admission of Cuvier's daughters to the Tuilleries chapel. University Library, Genoa.

153/1 MacDonald, Etienne Jacques Joseph, Marechal de France (1765-1840) 26 September 1823 On the entry into the Legion d'honneur of Ferdinand de Berder. Charavay sale catalogue, 18 June 1843, p.IO.

154/1 MacEnery, Reverend J. (7-1842) 6 March 1826 Discussion of bones from Kent's cavern sent via Buckland. Yorkshire Philosophical Society, Yorks, Minute Book.

155/1 Maggi, Giovanni Batta (1764-187) 7 April 1810, Turin The future of the University of Parma and of various members of its staff. "Per le nozze della Signorina Quirina Butta col Signor Calendar 73

Corradino Corrado", Bologna, IB73, pp.7-8. Copy available in the printed books section of the Biblioteca Cormnunale dell'Archiginnasio, Bologna: 8. Poesie per le nozze. Cart. 17~46.

156/1 Mantell, Gideon Algernon (1790-1852) 20 June 1824 On Mantell's 'iguanadon'. G. A. Mantell, "Petrifications and their teachings: or a handbook to the gallery of organic remains of the British Museum", London, 1851, p.231; J. D. Delair & W. A. S. Sarjeant, 'The earliest discoveries of dinosaurs', Isis, 1975, lxvi, 5-25.

157/1 Marron, Paul Henri, Pastor (1754-1832) n.d. (1804 or 1806) Arrangements for baptism of his (unnamed) infant son. Houghton Library, Harvard.

157/2 -----­ n.d. Arrangements to see him. Charavay sale catalogue, 3 February 1845, p.84.

158/1 Marschall von Biberstein, Friedrich August, Count von (1768­ 1826) 2 October 1788, Caen A long accolmt of their recent journey into the WUrttemberg Alps; in Cuvier's own translation from the German. BIFC 3312/1-3.

See also Pfaff, C. H.

159/1 Martin, John (1789-1854) (This identification is tentative) 24 March 1812 Thanks for his gift of books; is available to see him at any time. Biblioth~que nationale, Paris, Fonds fransais 12757.

160/1 Marum, Martinus van (1750-1837) 6 September 1822 Letter of introduction for Valenciennes. Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen, Haarlem.

161/1 Marzials, Fran~ois Maurice, Pastor (1779-1861) March 1824 Conflicts within the Faculty of Protestant theology at Montauban. 74 TIle letters of Cuvier

Archives consistoriales de Montauban, MS. K2, 21; D. Robert, "Les ~glises r~forml!es en France, 1800-1830", Paris, 1961, p.416.

162/1 Masson, Andr~ Pierre (1759-1820/1) 21 October 1821 Sending a prospectus for the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". E. Charavay (ed.), "Inventaire des autographes ... rl!unis par M. Benjamin Fillon", Paris, 1878, p.220.

163/1 M~therie, Jean Claude de la (1743-1817) n.d. Submits an article to the Journal de physique; attacks Linneus and Gmeliri. BIFC 3214/1.

164/1 Mezzofanti, Giuseppe (1774-1849) 25 November 1822 Thanks for his gift to the Acad~mie des sciences of volumes of his Journal des opuscules litt~raires. Regards to Ranzani. Biblioteca Communale, Bologna, carteggio Mezzofanti.

165/1 Michaud, Joseph (1767-1839) n.d. (1805) Accompanying note for his article on Priestley. Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Art of Belgium, Fonds Goswin de Stassart.

165/2 ------­ n.d. (1811) Ditto for his article on Aristotle. FM, MS. Perceval R.4.

165/3 ------­ n.d. (1813) Ditto for his article on Comparetti. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 63700.

165/4 ------­ n.d. (1816) Ditto for his article on Fontana. Coll~ge de France, MS. 13 C-XII.

165/5 ------­ n.d. (1819) Plans for the article on Lavoisier. Biblioteca Communale, Bologna, Autografi Pallotti IX, 571. Calendar 75

165/6 ------­ n.d. Accompanying note for an unidentified article. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

165/7 ------­ n.d. Portraits printed by Michaud desired for the collection made by Prony. LBS, Hist. 40 333a. 300.

Minister of the Interior: see Champagny, J. B. N., Chaptal, J. A., Corbi~re, J. J. G., Decazes, E., Montbel, G. I., Montalivet, J. P. B.

Minister of Justice: see Henrion de Pansey, P. P. N., Peyronnet, C. 1., Serre, P. F. H. de

166/1 Mirbel. Charles Fran~ois Brisseau de (1776-1854) 4 November 1823 Mirbel's contributions to the collections of the Cabinet du Roi; Cuvier's gratitude marked by the gift of his wo£k on the history of the Cabinet. Mus~um Calvet, Avignon, Autographes R~quien, no. 2570.

167/1 Mohl. Robert von (1799-1875) 10 April 1823 Thanks for his gift of his work on the Germanic Confederation. University Library, TUbingen. MS. Md. 613. 173.

168/1 Moll, Karl Marie Ehrenbert, baron von (1760-1838) 6 June 1808 Account of procedures followed in the Acad~mie des sciences. PK.

Moniteur universel, editor of: see Sauvo, F.

169/1 Monod, Fr~d~ric Joel Jean G~rard, Pastor (1794-1863) 30 December 1829 The reconciliation between Monod's brother and the Consistory of St Quentin. Columbia University Library (Butler Library), John Jay Collection.

170/1 Mons, Jean Baptiste van (1765-1842) 19 vent6se an 7 (7 February 1799) Thanks in the name of the Soci~t~ philomatique for his translations of articles to appear in Scherer's Journal general de chimie. PK. 76 The letters of Cuvier

171/1 Montalivet, Jean Pierre Bachasson, comte de (1766-1823) n.d. (1813), Rome The appropriation of educational endowments in the Papal States. BIFC 3264/1-3.

Montauban, Faculty of Protestant theology of: see Bonnard, F.

172/1 Montbel, Guillaume Isidore, comte de (1787-1861) 20 November 1830 Rejecting Lefebure's demand to give a free botany course at the Jardin du Roi. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

173/1 Montb~liard, Institution priv~ d'~ducation de, directors of 14 pluvi8se an 8 (I February 1799) Intercession in their interest with the Conseil d'Etat. J. Vi~not, "Georges Cuvier, le Napoll!on de l'intelligence", Paris, 1932, pp. 114-15.

174/1 Montb~liard, Municipal Council of 18 December 1831 The continuance of his interest in the town. G. Goguel, "Hommes connus dans le monde savant en France et ~ l'~tranger nl!s ou ~lev~s ~ Montbl!liard", Paris, 1864, p.117.

175/1 Montmorency, Matthieu Jean F~licitl!, vicomte de (1766-1826) 27 Apr i1 18 16 Permission for the continuance of the primary school founded by the Duchesse de Duras, on his evidence of its usefulness. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 68004.

Montpellier, Faculty of Sciences at: see Gergonne, J. D.

176/1 Moreau de la Sarthe, Jacques Louis (1771-1826) n.d. Thanks for Moreau's compliments on his course at the Museum; could he prepare an analysis of it for the Ml!moires of the Musl!um now that Biot is no longer willing? Bibliotheque nationale, Paris, Fonds Rothschild, A.XIX, vol. XI, f. 885.

177/1 Morgen, Sidney Owenson, Lady (1783-1859) n.d. (1819) Wishes to see her and to contribute to the pleasure of her stay. Beineke Library, Yale University Library. Calendar 77

178/1 MUller, Karl Ottfried (1794-1840) 19 June 1825 Letter of recommendation for the aon of Ternaux, a leading French manufacturer, who wishes to study in Gllttingen. State and University Library, Gllttingen, Nachlass K. O. MUller, 2c.

179/1 Museum national d'histoire naturelle, professors of 13 nivose an 11 (3 January 1803), Marseille. The publication of hia articles on Trltonla and Cllo borealls in the Annales du Museum. Archives nationales, Paris, AJ XV 561.

'180/1 Nicolle, Charles Dominique, Abbe (1758-1835) 12 January 1822 Arrangements of his appartments in the Sorbonne. Library of the Sorbonne, Paris, MS. 1833, f. 65.

Northampton, Marquess of: see Compton, S. J. A.

181/1 Nysten, Pierre Hubert (1774-1817) 25 September 1809 Admitting him to public sessions of the Institut. PK.

182/1 Olivier, Guillaume Antoine (1756-1814) 8 Augus t ? I79 I Olivier's corrections to his article submitted to the Journal d'histoire naturelle. BIFC 3214/1.

183/1 Orbigny, Alcide Charles Victor Dessalinea d' (1802-1857) I October 1825 Collections of fish at the Jardin du Roi. Charavay sale catalogue, 7 December 1854, p.3!.

183/2 ------16 October 1825 In reply to d'Orbigny's letter of 8 October on the classification of fish; thanks for his help in obtaining specimens for the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". ~IM, Autograph Collection no. 69292.

184/1 Orbigny, Charles Marie Dessalines d' (1770-1856) nod. Arrangements for the carriage of a live gszelle to Paris. BM La Rochelle, MS. 654, ff. 34-5. 78 The letters of Cuvier

185/1 Ordinaire, Desire (1773-1847) 29 October 1825 The retirement of Hammer from the Strasbourg medical school and his possible replacement by Duvernoy. BIFC 3322/39.

186/1 Otto, Louis Guillaume, comte de Hosloy (1754-1817) 1 messidor an 9 (20 June 1801) Ris gifts and communications from Sir Joseph Banks and the Royal Society. BM Versailles, Autographes no. 483.

Paris, Faculty of Medicine in: see Roux, P. J.

187/1 Pastoret, Adelaide Anne Louise, n~e Piscatory, marquise de ( 1765-1843) n.d. The loan of an unnamed book. Biblioth~que nationale, Paris, Nouv. acqu. fr. 12945, f. 219.

187/2 ------25 February 1817 The exemption of her prot~g~ from fees of examination in medicine. Ibid., Nouv. acqu. fr. 12945, f. 220.

187/3 ------n.d.~ 1830 or 1832) Accompanying the gift of an eloge 'ne parlant que de chimie'. Ibid., Nouv. acqu. fr. 12945, i.;' 222.

188/1 Petitot, Claude Bernard (1772-1827) n.d. Recommending Petitot's chief clerk Denfert for promotion. MNHN.

189/1 Peyronn~t, Charles Ignace, comte de (1778-1854) 24 June 1827 Refusing to be nominated to the commission on the censure of the press. BIFC 3297/29.

190/1 Peyrouse, Philippe Picot, baron de la (1744-1818) n.d. Thanks for his gifts of specimens. MNHN. Calendar 79

191/1 Pfaff, Christian Heinrich (1773-1852) 16 October 1788 Catalogues of insects. This letter is slso addressed to Marschall von Biberstein. Journal entomologique de Stettin, 1844, v, 6-9.

191/2 ------n.d. (1790s), Normandy. In German. Remarks on Kielmeyer's theory of the nervous system. BIFC 3214/1.

191/3 ------9 April 1791, Fiquainville. In German. Work on molluscs; the death of Mirabeau; political news from the Parisian papers. Bavarian State Library, Munich.

191/4 ------n.d. (7February 1791), Normandy. In German. Comments on Deluc's theories, and on recent chemical research. BIFC 3214/1.

191/5 ------n.d. (7May 1792) Written in pencil, this letter is now almost illegible. BIFC 3214/1.

Phillips, William (1775-1828): see Conybeare, W. D.

192/1 Pictet, Marc August (1752-1825) n.d. (70ctober 1817) His election to the Societas naturae scrutatorum helvetorum. BPUG, Dossier ouvert d'autographes.

193/1 Piton & Cie., booksellers 27 Jsnuary 1820 Orders for books in German on mythology and ancient history. Archives de la ville de Strasbourg, MS. 2385, f. 169.

193/2 ------n.d. (April 1823) Ordering works from Bonn on fosails. Ibid., MS. 2385, f. 168.

194/1 Poiret, Jean Louis Marie (c.1755-1834) 15 December 1817 Asking him to contribute to D~terville's "Dictionaire des sciences naturelles". BL, Add. MS. 24210, f. 72. 80 The letters of Cuvier

195/1 Poppius, Gabriel (1769-1856) 4 January 1819 The election of Berzelius to the Secretaryship of the Swedish Academy of Sciences. SAS.

196/1 Poushkin, Count Vasili Lvovitsch Moussin (1770-1840) I messidor an 12 (10 June 1804) Thanks for his gifts of Russian plants to the Institut; news of Biberstein. Revue des autographes, 1897, vii, 100.

197/1 Preissac, Fransois Jean, comte de (1778-1852) 30 September 1830 Asking him to find a post in the customs of Bordeaux for his stepson Martial Duvaucel. Kestner-Museum, Hanover.

198/1 Pr~vost, Pierre (1751-1839) 24 December 1818 Thanks for his gift of unnamed works on physics and mechanics. BPUG.

199/1 Prony, Marie Pierrette, Mme de, n~e la Poix de Fr~minville (1754-1822) 24 prairial an 9 (13 June 1801) An emotional letter concerning a mysterious event in Cuvier's private life. Biblioth~que nationale, Paris, nouv. acqu. fr. 15778, f. 103.

Pushkin: see Poushkin.

200/1 Puymaurin, Jean Pierre Casimir de Marcassus, baron de (1757-1841) n.d. (9 June 1825) His son's discovery in numismatics; its importance for history. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 66365.

201/1 Quetelet, Lambert Adolphe Jacques (1796-1874) 1826 Thanks for his gift of books to the Acad~mie des sciences. Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Art of Belgium, Fonds Quetelet.

201/2 ------­ 1830 The same. Ibid. Calendar 81

202/1 Ranzani, Camillo (1775-1841) n.d. Asks for specimens of molluscs. University Library, Bologna, Carteggio Ranzani, MS. 2086.

202/2 ------­ 1817 Letter of introduction for the architect Norry. Ibid.

202/3 ------­ 23 May 1818 Letter of introduction for the Marquis and Marquise de Pastoret. Ibid.

202/4 ------3 October 1818 A gift of his speech of reception into the Acad~mie fran~aise. Ibid.

202/5 ------27 December 1819 Thanks for the gift to the Institut of his "0puscoli scientifici" . Ibid.

202/6 ------9 October 1820 Thanks for further gifts of the same. Ibid.

202/7 ------30 October 1820 Thanks for his gift of his "Elementi di zoologia". Ibid.

202/8 ------­ n.d. (11822) Letter of introduction for J. B. Pentland and his companion Hr Rickets, a nephew of Lord Liverpool; is sending some casts of fossils to Bologna. Ibid.

202/9 ------2 August 1824 Thanks for further volumes of the "Elementi". Ibid. 82 The letters of Cuvier

202/10 ------­ 13 May 1826 Thanks for his gift of the same; congratulations on his appointment to the Rectorship of the University of Bologna. Ibid.

202/11 ------­ 7 May 1827 Thanks for his gift of the same. Ibid.

202/12 ------26 November 1827 The death of CI€mentine Cuvier; the progress of the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". Ibid.

202/13 ------­ n.d. Asks for information on fish mentioned by Aldrovandi; recent discoveries of fossils near Montpellier. Ibid.

Note: these letters from Cuvier to Ranzani have been published in J. Th€odorid~s, 'Quelques documents in~dit~ ou peu connus relatifs h Georges Cuvier, h sa famille, et h son salon', Stendhal Club, 1966, xxxiii, 55-64, with the exception of nos. 199/5, 6, 9, 10, 11.

203/1 Redon de Beaupr€au, Jean Claude, comte de (1738-1815) 4 August 1806 On specimens sent to the Museum. Formerly BM Brest, MS. 240; now destroyed.

204/1 Reimarus, Johann Albert Heinrich (1729-1814) 19 January 1808 His contacts in Hamburg; Dupont de Nemours' comments on Reimarus; discussion of instinct in animals. HSP.

204/2 ------­ 12 June 1809 His disagreement with Gall; decline of his eyesight and its effect on his work. State and University Library, Hamburg, MS. Campe 2.

205/1 Reinhardt, Charles Fr~d~ric, Count (1761-1837) 30 December 1827 Calendar 83

Thanks for his collaboration on the "Histoire naturelle des poissons"; is to pass the enclosed letter to Jacobson. ~{M, Autograph Collection, no number.

206/1 Reuss, Jeremias David (1750-1837) 1 April 1829 Letter of introduction for the Vicomte de la Passe. University Library, Gtlttingen, MS. Philos. 169 I BI. 363.

207/1 Richelieu, Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septimanie du Plessis, duc de (1766-1822) 4 May 1818 Asking for letter of recommendation for himself to be shown to the Marquis d'Osmond, French Ambassador in London. Charavay sale catalogue, 14 May 1845, p.14.

208/1 Risso, Antoine (1777-1845) n.d. Letter of introduction for Mr Lemon; his assistance with the '~istoire naturelle des poissons". Sotheby sale catalogue, 18-19 April 1977, s.v. Cuvier.

Ritgen, Ferdinand August Max Franz von (1787-1867): see Wilbrand, J. B.

209/1 Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Frsn~ois, duc de l~ (1765-1848) 6 December 1827 His assistance in arranging subscriptions for the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". PK. .

210/1 Rostan, Casimir (7) 8 May 1808 His prospects of a post in the Imperial University. HPS.

211/1 Roux, Philibert Joseph le (1780-1854) 1 February 1819 Enquiry on the filling of the chair of mental pathology established a year previously. PK.

212/1 Roux, Polydore (7) n.d. On ornithological specimens from Provence sent by him to Paris; requesting assistance on the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". Museum Calvet, Avignon, MS. Autographe Requien no. 2568. 84 The letters of Cuvier

Royal College of Surgeons of England: see Keate. R. J.

213/1 Royer-Collard. Pierre Paul (1763-1845) n.d. (1827) A eulogy of Cl~mentine Cuvier. Biblioth~que de l'Institut de France. MS. 3990, f. 64.

213/2 ------n.d. (March 1830) Affairs of the Acad~mie Fran~aise. Ibid., MS. 3990, f. 65.

214/1 Rue, Gervaise de la. Abb~ (1751-1835) n.d. (pre-1814) Efforts to find him a post in the Imperial University. BM Caen. Collection Mancel. MS. 112. f. 259.

214/2 ------11 October 1820 His wish to retire from the Academy of Caen. Ibid.; G. de la Rue. "Nouvelles essais historiques sur la ville de Caen et son arrondissement ...... 2 vols .• Caen, 1843, i. xliv.

214/3 ------­ n.d. An appointment with de la Rue in Paris. Ibid., MS. 112. f. 267.

215/1 Ruppell. Edward Wilhelm (1794-1884) 10 June 1829 Exchanges of specimens between France and Germany; difficulties of scientific communication; progress of the "Histoire naturelle des poissons" held up by politics in Paris and by absence of Valenciennes and Latreille. Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft. Frankfurt­ am-Main.

215/2 ------16 April 1830 The quarrel between Ruppell and Ehrenberg; Cuvier's knowledge of 'Isis'; disputes over claims to citation in the "Histoire naturelle des poissons". Ibid.

216/1 Salvandy, Narcisse Achille. comte de (1795-1856) n.d. (1819-24) A dinner invitation. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 69293. Calendar 85

217/1 Saussure, Horace Benedict de (1740-1799) n.d. (71788-90), Normandy His admiration for Saussure; his own journey in the Alps. BIFC 3214/1.

218/1 Saussure, Nicolas Theodore de (1767-1845) 21 June 1830 Thanks for his gift to the Academie des sciences of his "HelllDire sur les variations de l'acide carbonique atlllDspherique". BPUG.

219/1 Sauvo, Fran~ois (1772-1859) n.d. (1812) Asks him to print his eloge of Cavendish and Dessessarts in the Moniteur. PK.

219/2 ------­ n.d. (1822) TIle publication of a resume of the work of the Academie des sciences. BIFC 3244/83.

220/1 Schinz, Heinrich Rudolph (1777-1861) 20 May 1818 A eulogy of Switzerland. ZZ.

220/2 ------8 February 1820 His revisions of the German translation of the "R~gne lffiimal". Ibid.

220/3 ------13 March 1820 Renewed discussion of this translation. Ibid.

220/4 ------22 Augus t 1820 The same. Ibid.

220/5 ------25 August 1827 Identification of some mastodon teeth. Ibid. 86 The letters of Cuvier

221/1 Schreibers, Karl Franz Anton (1775-1852) 24 September 1826 On grass snakes. Austrian National Library, Vienna, Sammlung Visconti XXI/42.

222/1 Schweighaeuser, Jean Geoffroi (1776-1844) 15 April 1828 A post for Charles Cuvier at Strasbourg. B1FC 3325/43.

222/2 ------­ n.d. Support for him and his father in their difficulties with the Bishop of Strasbourg. BM Nancy, MS. 1260.

223/1 Sedgwick, Adam (1785-1873) n.d. (11827) The fossil fish of Caithness compared with those of Mansfeld and Eisleben. Cambridge University Library, Add. MS. 7652/1, f. 21.

Seine, Pr~fet of the Department of the: see Chabrol de Volvic, G. J. G.

224/1 Seine-et-Oise, Soci~t~ d'agriculture du d~partement de, 8 February 1813 Thanks for the Society's gift of its proceedings to the 1nstitut. BM Rouen, Collection Blosseville, MS. 543.

224/2 ------(now Soci~te centrale d'agriculture et des arts du d~partement de Seine-et-oise) 7 November 1825 The same. Ibid.

Senckenbergische Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Frankfurt-am­ Main: see Heyden, CarI von.

225/1 Sennebier, Jean (1742-1809) 21 floreal an 11 (11 May 1803) He is henceforward to be attached to the first rather than the third Class of the 1nstitut de France, if Cuvier can prevail. BPUG, MS. Suppl. 1039, f. 167. Calendar 87

226/1 Serre, Pierre Fran~ois Uercule, comte de (1776-1824) 17 August 1821 Letter of reconunendation for the young lawyer Diard. PK.

227/1 Serres, Marcel Pierre Toussaint de Mesples de (1780-1862) 28 June 1808 Encouragement to his plans to study insects and birds. Houghton Library, Harvard.

227/2 ------18 March 1827 He is to investigate the fossils of the cave at Lunel- Vieil BM Reims, Collection P. Tarbe, f. 90.

227/3 ------(this letter is also addressed to Dubreuil) 5 June 1827 Thanks for their help in his projects. Charavay sale catalogue, 10 December 1855, p.35.

228/1 Simeon, Joseph JerBme, Vicomte (1749-1842) n.d. Asking him to lend Latreille his copy of a work by Strauss on insects. Chsravay sale catalogue, 22 March 1847, p.14.

Societe entomologique de France: see Lefebure, L. H. (A.).

229/1 Sonunering, Samuel Thomas (1755-1830) 25 pluviose an 7 (15 February 1800) Hopes to obtain Sonunering's collaboration on his projects in comparative anatomy; difficulties in obtaining German works in Paris. Bibliothek des Freien Deutschen Hochstifts, Frankfurt-am-Main.

229/2 ------25 January 1812 His work on the optic nerve in birds; Gall's work on this topic. Ibid.

229/3 ------6 March 1812 Further discussion of Gall's work. Ibid.

229/4 ------I November 1814 88 The letters of Cuvier

Current work on fossils in Germany; his eloge on Count Rumford needs material from SBmmering. Ibid.

229/5 ------20 April 1817 Current work in palaeontology; importance of Schreiber's work for the consideration of the origins of species. Ibid.

229/6 ------13 September 1818 His journey to England; Stlmmering's gifts of casts of pterodactyl. State and University Library, Frankfurt-am-Main, MS. Ff. Stlmmering A. Nr. 28-9.

229/7 ------26 January 1819 As his letters of the previous year seem not to have reached SBmmering, he resumes their contents. Bibliothek des Freien Deutschen Hochstifts, Frankfurt-am­ Main.

229/8 ------12 February 1824 Arguments with Geoffroy St Hilaire, Oken, Spix and Bojanus on analogies between structures in nature; the 'crocodile' discovered at Caen. Ibid.

Sorbonne, Rector of the: see Nicolle, Abbe C. D.

230/1 Staples, William (1797-1863) 5 February 1829 His gift of Red Indian skulls will be deposited in the Museum national d'histoire naturelle. Rhode Island Historical Society, Correspondence and Documents, vol. I, p.82.

Strasbourg, Rector of the Academy of: see Ordinaire, D.

231/1 Stromeyer, Friedrich (1776-1835) 22 September 1823 His election as a corresponding member of the Institut. University Library, Gtlttingen, MS. Hist. Lit. 18. P. Calendar 89

232/1 Swainson, William (1789-1855) 6 May 1821 In praise of his "Zoological illustration". W. Swainson, "Testimonials presented to the trustees of the British Museum on behalf of William Swainson ••• and accompanying his application for the appointment of assistant keeper in the natural history department vacated by the resignation of Dr. Leach in February 1822", London, 1822.

233/1 TIlOmas, H. P. P. F. (1777-1854) 23 February 1829 TIle Acad~mie dea sciences has awarded him its prize for his "Essai sur la statistique de l'Isle de Bourbon". BM Versailles, Autographes no. 483.

234/1 Thouin, Andr~ (1747-1824) 5 brumaire an 11 (26 October 1802) Cuvier's financial obligations to Mertrud. Archives nationales, Paris, AJ XV 561.

234/2 ------7 September 1823 Commissions to be undertaken for the Mus~um by Hr Bannister, a traveller to the Antipodes. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

235/1 Traull~, Laurent Joseph (1758-1829) n.d. Identification of fossil and botanical specimens. BM Amiens, MS. 1172.

235/2 ------30 messidor an 9 (9 July 1801) Traull~ has procured him membership of the Soci~t~ d'emulation of Abbeville. Ibid.

235/3 ------12 brumaire an 11 (3 November 1802) He has mobilised support for Traulle's candidature for the Institut. Ibid.

235/4 ------23 germinal an 13 (13 April 1805) His report to the Institut on fossils sent by Traulle. Ibid. 90 The letters of Cuvier

235/5 ------­ n.d. (1810-11) He is available to see him at all times. WHH, Autograph Collection no. 69292.

235/6 ------10 Oc tober 1824 Traull~'s claims to have discovered a new species of 'lizard' . BM Amiens, MS. 1172.

235/7 ------5 January 1826 Thanks for his gift of a whale's head and other fossils from the region of Abbeville. Ibid.

236/1 Treuttel & WUrtz, Messrs 25 October 1811 Rejecting their terms for the publication of the "Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles", and proposing others. WHM, Autograph collection no. 66365.

237/1 Valenciennes, Achille (1794-1865) n.d. (1827) The death of Cl~mentine Cuvier; Valenciennes' work in Leyden. S. Lee, "Memoirs of baron euvier", London, 1833, p. I.

238/1 Vallot, Jaques Nicolas (1771-1860) 26 September 1814 Thanks for his specimens of birds; reassures him of the continuance of his post at Dijon. BM Dijon, Fonds Vallot, MSS. 1472-76, vol. I, p.330.

238/2 ------n.d. (August 1820) Fossil forgeries by Duhamel; an exchange of fossils; queries on China. Ibid., Fonds Vallot, MS. 1490, f. 125.

239/1 Vasnier (unidentified) 8 frimaire, no year The law relating to illegitimate children. Charavay sale catalogue, 16-17 January 1856, p.9.

240/1 Vassall, Elizabeth, Lady Holland (1770-1845) 15 October 1827 Calendar 91

The death of Clementine Cuvier. BL, Add. MS. 51849, f. 221.

241/1 Vassall, Henry Richard, Lord Holland (1773-1840) 6 September 1818 Their hospitality in London; his admission to the Academie fran\;aise. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

242/1 Vaux, Vicomte Jourdan de (c.1775-1) 19 June 1827 Asking admission to the medical school of the Val de GrAce for a relative and protege. ~IM, Autograph Collection, no number.

243/1 Villers, Charles Fran~ois Dominique de (1765-1815) 18 floreal an 10 (8 April 1802) Gall, materialism and Kant; their treatment in Villers' writings and in the Decade philosophique. State and University Library, Hamburg, Nachlass Villers; M. Isler, "Briefe ••. sus dem ••• Nachlasse des Charles de Villers", Hamburg, 1879, pp.60-1.

243/2 ------­ 17 July 1802 Encourages him to write on the Reformation; promises to exert patronage on his behalf in Paris. State and University Library, Hamburg, Nschlsss Villers.

244/1 Vincent, Samuel (1787-1837) 21 March 1828 Reassures the Protestant community in Nimes. Archives consistoriales, Nimes; D. Robert, "Les eglises reformees en France, 1800-1830", Paris, 1961, p.342.

245/1 Viviani, Domenico (1772-1840) 30 January 1832 Thanks for the gift of his !'Della struttura ••• nelle piante". Sotheby's sale catalogue, 25 May 1976, lot 311.

246/1 Vivier (not identified; from Fecamp) 5 December 1824 Identification of a whale jaw-bone. BM Havre, MS. 391, f. 58.

247/1 Voigt, Friedrich Sigismund (1781-1850) 26 August 1831 92 The letters of Cuvier

His translation of an unidentified work by Cuvier; errors in the citations in the "Regne animal". Freien Deutschen Hochstift, Frankfurter Goethemuseum, Frankfurt-am-Main.

248/1 Wallich, Nathaniel (1786-1854) 1 April 1817 The promised specimens from India have not yet arrived. ChAteau de Mariemont, Belgium, MS. 1061; M. J. Durry, "Autographes de Mariemont", 4 vols. in 2, Paris, 1955-9, i, 241-2.

248/2 ------19 October 1817 The interest of the specimens of crocodiles which have now arrived. Ibid; Durry, op. cit., pp.243-4.

248/3 ------15 April 1819 Thanks for further crocodile specimens; news of Jacobson. Ibid; Durry, op. cit., p.245.

249/1 Walther (not identified; professor of anatomy at Berlin) n.d. (pre-1814) Diacussion of the work of Gall. PK.

250/1 Wilbrand, Johann Bernhard (1779-1846), and Ritgen, Ferdinand August Max Franz von (1787-1867) I July 1822 Thanks for their gift of a "Tableau de la nature", on which Humboldt is to report to the Acad~mie des sciences. DS.

250/2 ------18 October 1824 Thanks for his gift of his "Tableau des vl!gl!taux de l'Allemagne classl!s selon les familIes naturelles", and his "Exposition du magnetisme animal". DS.

250/3 ------­ 17 July 1826 Thanks for his gift of his "Explication de la thl!orie de la circulation". DS. Calendar 93

250/4 ------­ 28 June 1830 Thanks for his gift of his "Manuel de l'histoire naturelle du rl!gne animal d'aprh la m.hhode de Linn~", on which Blainville will report to the Acad~mie des sciences. DS.

251/1 Wilson, James (1795-1856) 3 June 1827 Comments on his "Illustrations of zoology". T. Dick Lauder, "Miscellany of natural history: the feline species", London, 1834, pp. 1-44.

252/1 Winterl, Jacob Joseph (1739-1809) n.d. (1808) Winterl's experiments were not successful when repeated by Berthollet. PK.

253/1 Young, Thomas (1773-1829) 1828 Letter of recommendation for the Russian writer Turgenev. T. MUller-Kotchetkova, 'Lettres in~dites de Sophie Duvaucel ~ Alexandre TurgenievI, Stendhal Club, 1977, no. lxvii, 1-14.

254/1 Zea, Francesco Antonio (1770-1822) 5 May 1822 Projects for the organisation of higher education in the Latin American republics. ~IM, Autograph Collection no. 67287.

255/1 Zipser, Christian Andreas (1783-1864) n.d. (1821) Thanks for his gift of minerals. BIFC 3243/36.

Letters to unknown correspondents in order of date

256 3 fructidor an 9 (21 August 1801) A visit to the cemetery of St Catherine with Fourcroy. Revue des autographes, 1897, no. 204, p.5.

257 29 pluviose an 10 (18 February 1802) Refusing an unserious proposal of marriage. L'autographe, 1864, no. 16, p.138. 94 The letters of Cuvier

258 20 germinal an 11 (10 April 1803), Dax His duties as Inspector of education in the south of France; the cabinet of fossils of M Borda. Charavay sale catalogue, 9 February 1863, p.18.

259 17 niv8se an 12 (8 January 1804) Asks Lac€p~de or Lassus to take minutes at Monday's meeting of the Institut, which he is prevented from attending. APS, Miscellaneoua MSS. Collection.

260 n.d. (1805) Materials for his eloge of Priestley. DS.

261 3 November 1806 The continuation of a subsidy to the artist Cloquet, employed by Cuvier. Sotheby sale catalogue, 21-2 July 1969, p.94.

262 29 May 1808 Asking for information on collections of fossils in Hesse­ Cassel. HSP.

263 13 December 1809, Pisa The contrast between Genoa and Pisa. Charavay sale catalogue, I December 1854, p.ll.

264 n.d. (11812) Preparations for a journey to Italy. PK.

265 30 December 1813 Difficulties in gaining authorisation for an important journey. Sotheby sale catalogue, 16 May 1978, p.47.

266 5 May 1815 Accompanying the gift of a work on primary education by Frederic Cuvier. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 69102.

267 2 October 1816 Refusing to stand as depute for Montbeliard. BM Besan~on, MS. 1441. Calendar 95

268 7 September 1817 Desires a position in commerce for an unnamed relation. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 325.

269 6 December 1821 Thanks for gift of unspecified collection which will be deposited in the Cabinet du Roi. Austrian National Library, Vienna, MS. 21/42-1.

270 11 March 1822 Student unrest in Paris. BM Dijon, MS. 2577.

27\ 24 September 1826 Discussion of current work on fish; is sending him specimens via Count Appony. Austrian National Library, Vienna, MS. 21/42-2.

272 9 April 1827 Thanks for his gift to the Acad~mie des sciences of his "Organographie v~g~tale". DS.

273 25 December 1827 Accompanying forty pages of the MSS. of the "Histoire naturelle des poissons" including the description of the cOlllllOn dory (Zeus faber). Biblioth~que nationale, Paris, nouv. acqu. fr. 3085, p.900.

274 10 January 1828 An appointment to see the architect of the Chamber of Deputies. Burgerbibliothek, Berne, MS. hist. helv. xxiii. 46. 3.

275 23 July 1828 Grave irregularities in administration. LBS, Cod. hist. 40 333a, 418.

276 6 October 1829 {q.v. 166/1} The unthinking zeal of M Monod fils, pastor of St Quentin. Biblioth~que nationale, Paris, nouv. acqu. fr. p.900.

277 3 August 1830, London Letter to a young English woman, thanking her for her kind­ ness to Sophie Duvaucel. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 75871. 96 The letters of Cuvier

278 13 August 1830, London Refusing a naturalists' dinner with regret. FM, General series.

Undated letters to unknown correspondents

279 n.d. (pre-1815) His excuses; only for a Prince would he break his engagement with her. BM Dijon, MS. 2557.

280 11828 On administrative conflicts. WHM, Autograph Collection no. 9913 f. I.

281 Accepting the dedication of an unnamed book. FM, MS. Perceva1 L. 101.

282 Could either the addressee or the Comte de Tournon stand in for him at the Consei1 d'Etat1 APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

283 Covering note for work on legislation affecting the regions. Mus~um Ca1vet, Avignon, Autographes R~quien no. 2567.

284 Asking him to recommend a candidate for a chair of botany at the Museum. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

285 Discussing arrangements for the writing of a J01nt eloge; the addressee could therefore be either P. L. A. Cordier or M. A. Pictet. APS, Miscellaneous MSS. Collection.

286 Thanks for a present of fossils which has just arrived at Le Havre. Ibid.

287 Thanks for his drawings; he needs more specimens of Scandinavian fish for the "Histoire nature11e des poissons". PK.

288 Apologies for not sending promised specimens to Wiedemann. BSHPF, MS. 480, f. 178. 97

INDEX

This index refers to the summaries of letters given in the text, and not to persons mentioned as main entries in its alphabetical listing. Names of authors of printed editions of letters have however been included. Works by Cuvier are alphabetically listed here; books and specimens donated to the Institut or the Museum national d'histoire naturelle may be traced through entries under these headings. Numbers refer to individual letters.

Abbeville, fossils near, 235/7; Blumenbach, J. F., 16/1, 38/1, Soci~te d'Emulation de, 235/2 38/9 Acad~mie des inscriptions et Bojanus, Chevalier, 229/8 belles-lettres, 59/2 Bonpland, A., 38/3 Academie des sciences, see Bougainville, H. Y. P. F., 56/3 Institut national Bowditch, T. E., and Mrs S., Academie fran~aise, 139/1, 202/4 50/1; see also Lee, S. Agassiz, E. C., 1/1 Brongniart, Alexander, 39/5, Aldrovandi, U., 202/13 82/1 Amaury-Duval, C. A. P., 137/4 Brongniart, HIDe Alexander, 37/1 analogies in zoological structures, Brothers of the Christian Schools, 229/8 . order of the, 96/1 Annales de chimie, 132/3 Broussonnet, P. M. A., 36/8 Annales du Museum, 179/1 Brugmans, S. J., 6/5, 38/3, 38/9 Appony, Count G., 271 Buckland, W., 49/2, 105/2, 154/1 Ardouin, P., 117/1 Buffon, G.-L. Leclerc, Comte de, Aristotle, 165/2 148/1 Armstrong, Or J., 82/6 Burckhardt, J. C., 16/1 Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, 36/9 Autenrieth, J. H. F., 38/7, 38/11, Cabinet du Roi, see Museum 134/6 national d'histoire naturelle Caen, fossils at, 229/8 Banks, Sir J., 186/1 Caithness, fossil fish at, 223/1 Barthelemy St-Hilaire, J., 53/1 Camper, A. G., 6/5, 132/1 Benzenburg, J. F., 16/1, 132/4 Camper, Petrus, 38/1, 38/10, Berthollet, C. L., 71/1, 252/1 38/13 Berder, F. de, 153/1 Candolle, A. L., 39/1-6 Berzelius, J. J., 195/1 Candolle, A. P., 38/8, 39/7 Besanfon, fossil deposits at, 33/1 Canstadt, fossils at, 38/7, 134/9 Bible Society of London, 72/1 cave fossils, 83/1 Biot, J. B., 82/7, 176/1 Cavendish, H., Cuvier's eloge birds, optic nerve in, 229/2 of, 219/1 Blagden, Sir C., 122/3 censorship of the press, 189/1 Blainville, H. D. de, 250/4 Champollion-Figeac, A., 43/1 Bloch, M. E., 40/2 Charles X of France, coronation 98 The letters of Cuvier

of, 152/1 Dolomieu, D~odat de Gratet de, Ch~nier, M.-J., 39/2 10/1 Chevenix, R., 132/3-4 Duhamel, J. P. F. G., 238/2 Children, J. G., 135/1 Dujarric de la Rivi~re, R., China, 238/2 57/2, 94/1 circulation of the blood, 6/1-2, Dumeril, A. M. C., 82/1 40/3 Dupin, C., 24/1 classification of insects, 114/1-4 Dupont de Nemours, P. S., 204/1 Cll0 borealls, 179/1 Duras, Duchesse de, 175/1 Cloquet, J. B. A., 261 Durry, M. J., 10/1, 248/1-3 Coleman, W., 1/1, 38/3, 84/1 Dutrochet, R. J. H., 77/14 Coll~ge de France, 38/11, 38/14 Duvaucel, M., 197/1 Comparetti, A., Cuvier's study Duvaucel, Sophie, 36/7, 135/1, of, 165/3 142/3, 277 Conybeare, W. D., 36/3 Duvernoy, G. L., 6/8, 67/2, Coquebert de Monbret, C. E., 38/3, 77/2, 77/4, 77/9, 114/2 122/4 Cordier, P. L. A., 285 Ecole centrale du Pantheon, 38/5 Corsica, 38/3, 52/1 Ecole polytechnique, 58/1 Corsini, N., 82/10 Edinburgh Philosophical Journ"l, 'crocodiles', 132/1,248/2-3 48/2 Croft, Sir John, 122/15 Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine, Cuvier, Anne, 38/27-28 48/2 Cuvier, Charles, 221/1 Egypt, 122/3 Cuvier, Cl~mentine, 95/3, 202/12, Ehrenberg, 215/2 213/1, 237/1, 240/1 Eisleben, fossil fish at, 223/1 Cuvier, Fr~d~ric, 122/11, 266 'elephants', fossil, 11/1, 38/1-2 Cuvier, Mme F., 38/7 elephants, living, 38/13, 122/2, Cuvier, Georges, finances of, 122/5 117/1 EUis, D., 103/1 "Eloges historiques", 134/9, 258 Dalgarouki, Prince, 82/4 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 48/1 Daubenton, L. J. M., Cuvier's England, Cuvier's visit to, 229/6 eloge of, 38/10 Decade philosophique, 243/1 Fabbroni, G. V. M., 6/5 Deherain, H., 59/2 , Fabricius, J. C., 38/3, 114/2-3 Delair, J. D., 156/1 Facult~ des Sciences, Paris, Delambre, J. B. J., 18/5, 71/1, 138/1 86/1, 146/1-2 F"ujas de St Fond, B., 38/6, Deleuze, J. M., 82/7 38/9 Deluc, J. A., 132/3, 191/4, Figlino, strata at, 32/1 deluge, problem of the, 84/1 fish, classification of, 40/2, Descartes, Rene, 18/2, 18/5 137/1, 183/2; fOBsil,229/1 Dessessarts, J; C., 219/1 Fitton, W., 122/15 Deterville, 194/1 Fontana, F., 82/5, 165/4 "Dictionnaire des sciences Fortis, Abbe J. B., 6/5 nsturelles" 77/4, 194/1 fOBBil, forgeries, 238/2 dodo, 36/9-10 FOBBombroni, V., 82/10 Index 99

Fourcroy, A. F., 77/4, 111/3,256 instinct, in animals, 204/1 Franeker, university of, 38/22-23 Institut de France, gifts of French Revolution, attitude of books to, 8/1,18/3-4, 18/7, Cuvier to, 137/1 23/1, 30/1-2, 34/1, 47/1, Friedlander, Or M., 132/1 48/1-3, 49/1, 67/3, 83/1, frog, anatomy of, 134/4 100/1-2, 105/3, 113/1, 120/1, 122/1, 122/3, 148/2-4, 198/1, Gall, F. J., 103/1, 204/2, 229/2-3, 201/1-2, 202/5-7, 202/9-11, 243/1, 249/1 218/1, 224/1-2, 250/1-4, 272 galvanism, prize for studies in, lais, 215/2 81/1 Isler, M., 243/1 Gauthier, Mme, 20/1 Italy, 77/9, 264 Genoa, 263 Geoffroy St Hilaire, E., 55/1-2, Jacobson, L. L., 205/1, 248/3 114/6, 134/11, 229/8 Jaeger, G. F., 6/4, 38/11 Germanic Confederation, 167/1 Journal d'histoire naturelle, Gibraltar, 38/1 182/1 Gmelin, S. T., 38/9, 163/1 Journal de physique, 163/1 Goguel, G., 174/1 Journal g~n~ral de chimie, 170/1 grass snakes, 221/1 Jurassic strata, 49/2 Greenough, G. B., 122/9 Jussieu, Antoine-Laurent de, 86/1

Halle, J. N., 91/1 Kant, I., 243/1 Hammer, F. L., 185/1 Kent's cavern, 154/1 Hamy, E. T., 55/1-2 Kielmeyer, K. F., 6/3, 6/5-6, Hartmann, J. G. A., 6/3-4 6/8, 191/2 HaUy, R. J., 16/1, 132/3 Kirby cavern, fossils of, 102/1 Heritier, C. L. de Brutelle L', Koreff, Or J. F., 22/1, 33/1 114/ I Hesse-Cassel, fossils in, 262 Lacep~de, B. G. E., 104/1, 134/10, 'hippopotamus', fossil, 82/7 259 "Histoire naturelle des poissons", Lacroix, S. F., 86/2 25/1, 36/6, 40/1, 51/1, 121/1, Lalande, J. J., 16/1 134/10-11, 149/1, 162/1, 183/2, Larronde, N., 99/1 202/12, 205/1, 208/1, 209/1, Lassus, P., 259 212/1, 215/1-2, 273, 287 Latreille, P. A., 38/6, 215/1, Home, Sir E., 36/3, 49/2, 105/1 228/1 Honfleur, fossils at, 36/3-4, Lauder, T. Dick, 251/1 38/9 Lauth, E. A., 111/1 Huard, P., 31/1 Lavoisier, A., 165/5 Humboldt, A. von, 38/3, 38/20, Leach, W., 135/1 95/1, 132/1, 250/1 "Lesons de l'ana·tomie .comparee", 6/6, 10/2, 38/6, 38/12, 39/7, ibis, 131/1 77/6, 82/2, 134/5 , ichthyosaurus, 36/3, 49/2 Lee, Mrs S., 57/1, 119/1, 237/1 'iguana', 38/27 Lefebure, L. H. A., 172/1 iguanadon, 156/1 Legion d'honneur, 137/4 India, 35/1, 246/1 Lemon, Sir C., 208/1 100 The letters of Cuvier

Lemonnier, L. G., ~logQ of by Museum national d'histoire Cuvier, 38/18 naturelle, finances of, 119/1; Lerond, M., .118/1 gifts of books to, 18/8, 124/1, Leseur, J. B., 122/14 245/1; gifts of fossils to, Leyden, 237/1 36/2. 36/5, 82/9, 111/5, 122/9, Linnaeus, C. von, 163/1 154/1; gifts of living species Liverpool, Lord, 202/8 to. 25/1, 112/1, 129/1. 145/1, Louis XVIII of France, 57/2 166/1, 203/1, 212/1, 230/1, Lunel-Vieil, cave fossils of, 238/1-2. 241/1-3; gift of 227/2 models to, 93/1 Lycee: ;republicain, 38/11 Lyon, 94/1 Nspoleon I, 38/3, 38/18, 69/1, 117/2 Mace, citizen, 44/1 Naturphilosophie, 134/7-8 Maestricht, 'animal' of, 38/7; nervous system, 191/2 fossils at, 38/18 Nimes. 244/1 Maindron, E., 71/1 mammoth, 6/7, 38/2 Ohio, mastodon of the, 38/4, Mansfeld, fossils at, 223/1 38/9, 122/5-6 Mantell, G. A., 156/1 Oken, L., 134/7, 229/8 Marcet, A. J. G., 122/9 Orange, Prince of, 38/14 Marchant, L., 92/1 origin of species, 229/5 Marschall von Biberstein, F. A., Osmond, Marquis d', 207/1 6/7, 196/1 Outram. D.• 82/1 Marseille, fossils of, 52/1 Owen. R•• 133/1 Martin, M., 22/1 Martius, K. F. P. von, 1/1 paleotberium, 111/5 Marum. M. van, 38/3 Papal States, 171/1 mastodon, 6/7. 38/2, 38/4, 220/5 Parma, University of, 108/1, materialism. 243/1 155/1 megalosaurus, 36/3, 49/2 Passe, Vicomte de la, 206/1 Mertrud. A. L., 234/1 Pastoret. Marquis and Marquise, Miot. A. F .• comte de Melito, 38/3 36/6. 125/1, 202/3 Mirabeau, H. G. Riqueti. comte de, Peale, C. W., 122/5 191/3 Pelletan, P., 20/2 molluscs, 27/1. 68/1, 77/2, 82/5, Pentland, J. B., 36/3, 202/8 134/1. 134/3-4, 191/3. 202/1 Peron, F., 42/2 Monod fils, Pastor, 276 Pfaff, C. H., 6/4, 6/8 Montbeliard, 109/1. 173/1, 267 Phillips, W., 49/1 Montmartre. fossils of, 38/4, 38/8, phrenology, 82/2, 103/1 132/3 physiology, 134/1 Montpellier, fossils at, 202/13; Pictet, M. A., 285 University of, 39/3-4, 39/6, 97/1 Pinel, P., 104/1 Morea, expedition to the, 94/2 Pisa, 263; University of, 86/4 Morland. Mary, 36/5 plesiosaurus, 36/3-4, 49/2 Wuller-Kotchetkova, T., 36/7, 63/1, Pliny, 28/1 253/1 Plumier, P., 59/3 Index 101

Poppius, G., 18/7 Societe philomatique, 38/3, Portal, A., 91/1 38/9, 38/11-12, 170/1 Priestley, J., eloge of by Cuvier, Spix, J. B., 229/8 20/ I, 165/1 Spurzheim, G.; 103/1 Prony, G., 165/7 Stonesfield, fossils of, 36/5 Protestant affairs, 65/2-3, 161/1 Strasbourg, Academy of," 136/1; pterodactyl, 229/6 Bishop of, 222/2; School of medicine at, 185/1; quinine, 82/5 School of pharmacy at, 111/2 Quirina Butta, Signora, marriage student unrest, 270 of, 155/1 Sundwick, fossils at, 16/1, 132/4 Swainson, W., 230/1 Switzerland, 220/1 Ranzani, C., 164/1 "Recherches sur les ossemens "Tableau elementaire de fossiles", 10/5, 18/2, 39/5, l'histoire naturelle des 182/4, 236/1 animaux", 6/3 "R~gne animal", 38/29, 77/13, 102/1, 122/15-16,220/2-4 Talleyrand, C. M., 57/2 'rhinocerous', 38/19-20 tapirs, fossil, 33/18 Richie, Senator, 82/11 teeth, fossil, 122/3, 220/5 Robert, D., 161/1, 244/1 -Teredo navalis, 122/7 Rousseau, S. P., 78/2 Ternaux, G. L. fils, 178/1 Royal College of Surgeons of England, Thenard, L. J., 82/7 133/1 Theodorid~s, J., 98/1, 123/1, Royal Society of London, 10/2, 10/4, 202/13 186/1 Thompson, Benjamin, Count Royal Society of Sciences of Rumford, 229/4 GOttingen, 21/1 Thouin, Andre, 15/1 Rue, Abbe G. de la, 214/2 Tilgate forest, fossils of, Ruppell, E. w., 215/2 36/4 Tournon, Camille de, 142/2, St Petersburg, Academy of Sciences of, 282 38/20 Treuttel & WUrtz, Mssrs, 21/1 St Quentin, consistory of, 169/1, Tritonia, 179/1 276 Turgeniev,"N. A., 36/7,63/1, Sargeant, W. A. S., 156/1 253/ I Schneider, H., 101/1 Schreibers, K. F. A., 229/5 University College, London, 54/1 Scots Magazine, 48/1 Societas naturae scrutatorum Val de Grace, military hospital. helvetorum, 192/1 of, 242/1 Societe d'emulation de Montbeliard, Valenciennes, A., 135/2, 149/1, 77 /14 160/1, 215/1, 237/1 Societe de geographie, 99/1 'Vers', 122/2, 122/13 Societe de medecine de Berne, 14/1 Versailles, Royal College of, Societe entomologique de France, 41/1 144/ I vienot, J., 77/2-12, 95/2, 173/1 102 The letters of Cuvier

Villers, C. F. D., 111/4

Werner, A. G., 38/3 whale, 246/1 Wiedemann, C. R. W., 6/4, 37/1, 38/12, 268 Wilson, Rev;, 120/2 Wollaston, W. H., 122/9 BIRS Monographs

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