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Redalyc.“Freemasonry As a Patriotic Society? the 1830 Belgian Revolution”
REHMLAC. Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña E-ISSN: 1659-4223 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica Maes, Anaïs “Freemasonry as a Patriotic Society? The 1830 Belgian Revolution” REHMLAC. Revista de Estudios Históricos de la Masonería Latinoamericana y Caribeña, vol. 2, núm. 2, -diciembre, 2010, pp. 1-17 Universidad de Costa Rica San José, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=369537359001 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative “Freemasonry as a Patriotic Society? The 1830 Belgian Revolution” Anaïs Maes Consejo Científico: José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli (Universidad de Zaragoza), Miguel Guzmán-Stein (Universidad de Costa Rica), Eduardo Torres-Cuevas (Universidad de La Habana), Andreas Önnerfors (University of Leiden), María Eugenia Vázquez Semadeni (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Roberto Valdés Valle (Universidad Centroamericana “José Simeón Cañas”), Carlos Martínez Moreno (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Céline Sala (Université de Perpignan) Editor: Yván Pozuelo Andrés (IES Universidad Laboral de Gijón) Director: Ricardo Martínez Esquivel (Universidad de Costa Rica) Dirección web: http://rehmlac.com/main.html Correo electrónico: [email protected] Apartado postal: 243-2300 San José, Costa Rica REHMLAC ISSN 1659-4223 2 Vol. 2, Nº 2, Diciembre 2010-Abril 2011 Fecha de recibido: 12 junio 2010 – Fecha de aceptación: 3 agosto 2010 Palabras clave Masonería, patriotismo, nacionalismo, revolución, Bélgica Keywords Freemasonry, patriotism, nationalism, revolution, Belgium Resumen Al cuestionar la masonería y el patriotismo, tenemos que conceptualizar el análisis de la evolución de la identidad patriótica. -
List of Freemasons from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Jump To: Navigation , Search
List of Freemasons From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation , search Part of a series on Masonic youth organizations Freemasonry DeMolay • A.J.E.F. • Job's Daughters International Order of the Rainbow for Girls Core articles Views of Masonry Freemasonry • Grand Lodge • Masonic • Lodge • Anti-Masonry • Anti-Masonic Party • Masonic Lodge Officers • Grand Master • Prince Hall Anti-Freemason Exhibition • Freemasonry • Regular Masonic jurisdictions • Opposition to Freemasonry within • Christianity • Continental Freemasonry Suppression of Freemasonry • History Masonic conspiracy theories • History of Freemasonry • Liberté chérie • Papal ban of Freemasonry • Taxil hoax • Masonic manuscripts • People and places Masonic bodies Masonic Temple • James Anderson • Masonic Albert Mackey • Albert Pike • Prince Hall • Masonic bodies • York Rite • Order of Mark Master John the Evangelist • John the Baptist • Masons • Holy Royal Arch • Royal Arch Masonry • William Schaw • Elizabeth Aldworth • List of Cryptic Masonry • Knights Templar • Red Cross of Freemasons • Lodge Mother Kilwinning • Constantine • Freemasons' Hall, London • House of the Temple • Scottish Rite • Knight Kadosh • The Shrine • Royal Solomon's Temple • Detroit Masonic Temple • List of Order of Jesters • Tall Cedars of Lebanon • The Grotto • Masonic buildings Societas Rosicruciana • Grand College of Rites • Other related articles Swedish Rite • Order of St. Thomas of Acon • Royal Great Architect of the Universe • Square and Compasses Order of Scotland • Order of Knight Masons • Research • Pigpen cipher • Lodge • Corks Eye of Providence • Hiram Abiff • Masonic groups for women Sprig of Acacia • Masonic Landmarks • Women and Freemasonry • Order of the Amaranth • Pike's Morals and Dogma • Propaganda Due • Dermott's Order of the Eastern Star • Co-Freemasonry • DeMolay • Ahiman Rezon • A.J.E.F. -
Biografisch Handboek Manuel Biographique
Belgische Senaat BIOGRAFISCH HANDBOEK 2007 Sénat de Belgique MANUEL BIOGRAPHIQUE Verkiezingen van 10 juni 2007 Élections du 10 juin 2007 Wettelijk depot : D/2008/3427/1 Dépôt légal : D/2008/3427/1 Belgische Senaat Sénat de Belgique INHOUD - SOMMAIRE blz./p. I. Woord vooraf - Avant-propos ............................................. 7 II. Senatoren - Sénateurs .......................................................... 11 III. Verkiezingen van 10 juni 2007 - Élections du 10 juin 2007 .................................................... 333 IV. Bureau van de Senaat - Bureau du Sénat ................. 337 V. Commissies van de Senaat - Commissions du Sénat 341 VI. Afvaardigingen naar internationale vergaderingen - Délégations aux assemblées internationales ............ 357 VII. Diensten van de Senaat - Services du Sénat ............ 363 VIII. Belgische wetgevende vergaderingen - Assemblées législatives belges .......................................... 377 IX. Samenstelling van de regeringen - Composition des gouvernements .................................... 383 X. Belgische leden van het Europees Parlement - Membres belges du Parlement européen .................... 395 XI. Ministers van Staat - Ministres d’État ......................... 399 XII. Eresenatoren - Sénateurs honoraires ........................... 405 XIII. De Voorzitters van de Senaat (sinds 1831) - Les Présidents du Sénat (depuis 1831) ........................ 417 Afkortingen - Abréviations .................................................. 421 I. WOORD VOORAF AVANT-PROPOS Woord -
Wprow.Chp:Corel VENTURA
WPROWADZENIE Wprowadzenie 7 lipca 1807 r. na mocy traktatu pokojowego, podpisanego przez cesarza Napoleona I i cara Aleksandra I w Tyl¿y, utworzone zosta³o Ksiêstwo War- szawskie. Obejmowa³o ono ziemie drugiego i trzeciego zaboru pruskiego. W 1809 r. zosta³o powiêkszone o tzw. Galicjê Zachodni¹ – trzeci zabór aus- triacki. Okolicznoœci, w jakich powsta³o Ksiêstwo Warszawskie, wi¹¿¹ siê œciœle z wojnami napoleoñskimi i politycznymi dzia³aniami cesarza Francuzów. W 1806 r. zaistnia³a dla Polaków mo¿liwoœæ odzyskania niepodleg³oœci na skutek konfliktu zbrojnego francusko-pruskiego i wspania³ych zwyciêstw Napoleona pod Jen¹ i Auerstadt. Wczeœniej jeszcze zostali rozgromieni Austriacy pod Ulm, a wraz z Rosjanami ponieœli klêskê pod Austerlitz. W toku dalszych dzia³añ armia francuska, operuj¹c przeciwko wojsku pruskiemu, musia³a wkroczyæ na ziemie Rzeczypospolitej, które po trzecim rozbiorze znajdowa³y siê w rêkach Hohenzollernów. Pomimo wymienionych efektownych zwyciêstw francuskich, kampania nie zakoñczy³a siê szybko i armia napoleoñska musia³a pozostaæ zim¹ 1806/1807 na ziemiach polskich. Napoleon, znajduj¹c siê na terytorium narodu, który dobija³ siê swojej niepodleg³oœci i znaj¹c wartoœæ ¿o³nierza polskiego z Legionów, by³ pewny poparcia realizacji swoich celów. Nie mia³ jedynie pewnoœci, kto zdo³a naj- skuteczniej pozyskaæ Polaków dla wojny, która mia³a na celu nie tylko pokonanie Prus, ale tak¿e skuteczne os³abienie Rosji i zaprowadzenie w Europie nowego systemu. Cesarz, powierzaj¹c sprawy organizacyjne genera³owi D¹browskiemu, chcia³ te¿ zaanga¿owaæ autorytet Tadeusza Koœciuszki. Jednak Naczelnik, stawiaj¹c warunki, których Napoleon nie móg³ przyj¹æ, wykluczy³ siê z dalszych pertraktacji1. Ogólnie przyjmuje siê za powód odmowy poparcia Napoleona przez Koœciuszkê jego brak wiary w dobre intencje cesarza. -
BSHS Monographs Publishes Work of Lasting Scholarly Value That Might
BSHS Monographs publishes work of lasting scholarly value that might not otherwise be made available, and aids the dissemination of innovative projects advancing scholarship or education in the field. 13. Chang, Hasok and Jackson, 06. Morris, PJT, and Russell, CA; Catherine (eds.). 2007. An Smith, JG (ed.). 1988. Archives of Element of Controversy: The Life the British Chemical Industry, of Chlorine in Science, Medicine, 1750‐1914: A Handlist. Technology and War. ISBN 0‐0906450‐06‐3. ISBN: 978‐0‐906450‐01‐7. 05. Rees, Graham. 1984. Francis 12. Thackray, John C. (ed.). 2003. Bacon's Natural Philosophy: A To See the Fellows Fight: Eye New Source. Witness Accounts of Meetings of ISBN 0‐906450‐04‐7. the Geological Society of London 04. Hunter, Michael. 1994. The and Its Club, 1822‐1868. 2003. Royal Society and Its Fellows, ISBN: 0‐906450‐14‐4. 1660‐1700. 2nd edition. 11. Field, JV and James, Frank ISBN 978‐0‐906450‐09‐3. AJL. 1997. Science in Art. 03. Wynne, Brian. 1982. ISBN 0‐906450‐13‐6. Rationality and Ritual: The 10. Lester, Joe and Bowler, Windscale Inquiry and Nuclear Peter. E. Ray Lankester and the Decisions in Britain. Making of Modern British ISBN 0‐906450‐02‐0 Biology. 1995. 02. Outram, Dorinda (ed.). 2009. ISBN 978‐0‐906450‐11‐6. The Letters of Georges Cuvier. 09. Crosland, Maurice. 1994. In reprint of 1980 edition. the Shadow of Lavoisier: ISBN 0‐906450‐05‐5. ISBN 0‐906450‐10‐1. 01. Jordanova, L. and Porter, Roy 08. Shortland, Michael (ed.). (eds.). 1997. Images of the Earth: 1993. -
Downloaded from Brill.Com10/02/2021 12:07:56PM This Is an Open Access Article Distributed Under the Terms of the CC-BY 4.0 License
_full_journalsubtitle: Revue d’Histoire du Droit – The Legal History Review _full_publisher_id: LEGA _full_abbrevjournaltitle: Legal Hist. Rev. _full_ppubnumber: ISSN 0040-7585 (print version) _full_epubnumber: ISSN 1571-8190 (online version) _full_issue: 3-4 _full_issuetitle: 0 _full_alt_author_running_head (neem stramien J2 voor dit article en vul alleen 0 in hierna): Maes and Deseure _full_alt_articletitle_deel (rechter kopregel - mag alles zijn): ‘The Nation will always prevail’ _full_is_advance_article: 9 _full_article_language: en indien anders: engelse articletitle: 0 ‘The NationTijdschrift will always voor prevail’ Rechtsgeschiedenis 88 (2020) 495-531 495 Revue d’Histoire du Droit 88 (2020) 495-531 The Legal History review 88 (2020) 495-531 brill.com/lega ‘The Nation will always prevail’, Representation, participation and contestation in the Belgian Constitution of 1831 Christophe Maes Postdoctoral researcher, Leuven Centre for Public Law, Faculty of Law, KU Leuven, Tiensestraat 41, box 3441 – 3000 Leuven (Belgium) [email protected] Brecht Deseure Maes and Deseure Postdoctoral research fellow, Department of Modern Languages, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, King’s College London, 22 Kingsway, – London WC2B 6NR (United Kingdom) [email protected] Summary The exact nature of the concept of sovereignty enshrined by the Belgian Constitution of 1831 has recently become the object of academic debate. This article takes a stand in this debate by analyzing the representative system instated by the constituent National Congress. It is argued that the congressmen attributed primacy to the legislative Chamber because it concentrated in its midst all the individual wills of the people in order to express the general will or the wish of the Nation. Importantly, though, parlia- ment was not the only representative of the national will, neither was it considered completely self-contained. -
Black American and Caribean Hoistory and Fact Wikibook
black american and caribean hoistory and fact wikibook PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sun, 16 Oct 2011 14:53:55 UTC Contents Articles Military history of African Americans 1 Colonial history of the United States 15 House of Burgesses 39 Buffalo Soldier 42 John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore 51 United States Colored Troops 55 Free people of color 61 Colony of Virginia 66 History of the Caribbean 73 Banwari Trace 78 5th millennium BC 79 Free negro 82 History of the United States (1789–1849) 84 Freedom's Journal 105 List of African-American firsts 107 Ortoiroid people 131 Saladoid 132 African-American history 133 Prince Hall Freemasonry 153 Chief of the Carib Territory 155 List of Freemasons 156 References Article Sources and Contributors 185 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 188 Article Licenses License 190 Military history of African Americans 1 Military history of African Americans The military history of African Americans spans from the arrival of the first black slaves during the colonial history of the United States to the present day. There has been no war fought by or within the United States in which African Americans did not participate, including the Revolutionary War, the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War, the Civil War, the Spanish American War, the World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as other minor conflicts. The 332nd Fighter Group attends a briefing in Italy in 1945. -
Biografisch Handboek
Belgische Senaat BIOGRAFISCH HANDBOEK 2007 Sénat de Belgique MANUEL BIOGRAPHIQUE Verkiezingen van 10 juni 2007 Élections du 10 juin 2007 Wettelijk depot : D/2010/3427/1 Dépôt légal : D/2010/3427/1 Belgische Senaat Sénat de Belgique INHOUD - SOMMAIRE blz./p. I. Woord vooraf - Avant-propos ............................................. 7 II. Senatoren - Sénateurs .......................................................... 11 III. Verkiezingen van 10 juni 2007 - Élections du 10 juin 2007 .................................................... 401 IV. Bureau van de Senaat - Bureau du Sénat ................. 405 V. Commissies van de Senaat - Commissions du Sénat 409 VI. Afvaardigingen naar internationale vergaderingen - Délégations aux assemblées internationales ............ 421 VII. Diensten van de Senaat - Services du Sénat ............ 427 VIII. Belgische wetgevende vergaderingen - Assemblées législatives belges .......................................... 441 IX. Samenstelling van de regeringen - Composition des gouvernements .................................... 447 X. Belgische leden van het Europees Parlement - Membres belges du Parlement européen .................... 459 XI. Ministers van Staat - Ministres d’État ......................... 463 XII. Eresenatoren - Sénateurs honoraires ........................... 469 XIII. De Voorzitters van de Senaat (sinds 1831) - Les Présidents du Sénat (depuis 1831) ........................ 481 Afkortingen - Abréviations .................................................. 485 I. WOORD VOORAF AVANT-PROPOS Woord -
Katholicisme, Liberalisme En Vrijmetselarij in Onafhankelijk België Kanttekeningen Bij De Herderlijke Brief Van 28 December 1837 Jimmy Koppen
Katholicisme, liberalisme en vrijmetselarij in onafhankelijk België Kanttekeningen bij de herderlijke brief van 28 december 1837 Jimmy Koppen Summary Catholicism, Liberalism and Freemasonry in independent Belgium. Com- ments on the pastoral letter of 28 December 1837 During the 1830’s, Belgian Freemasonry joined hands with Liberalism in order to oppose clerical dominance. At the same time, Freemasonry tried to come to terms with its own past: especially in Ghent, the Masonic lodges were stil affiliated with the Great East of the Netherlands. In order to stop this Orangist influence, in 1837 the Belgian counterpart established its own lodge, La Fidélité. This act cau- sed an immediate reaction. The Belgian bishops issued a pastoral letter in which they severely condemned every Catholic who was also a Freemason. As a conse- quence, the Grand Master Goswin de Stassart was forced to give up his political functions, while his deputy, Pierre-Théodore Verhaegen, seized the opportunity to continue to politicize the Masonic Lodges. The pastoral letter had achieved the opposite of its authors’ intentions. Inleiding Het conflict tussen Loge en Katholieke Kerk is haast zo oud als het genoot- schap van vrijmetselaren zelf. De verhouding tussen beide instituten verliep al- lesbehalve hartelijk sinds de afkondiging van de bul In eminenti in 1738. In oorsprong had paus Clemens XII (1652-1740) een aantal eenduidige redenen waarom hij daarmee de vrijmetselarij diende te veroordelen: het genootschap, zoals gepresenteerd in haar ‘wetboek’, de Constituties van Anderson (1723), stelde God voor als de eerder abstrakte ‘Opperbouwmeester van het Heelal’; loges waren centra waar zowel protestanten als katholieken elkaar konden ont- moeten en zelfs beïnvloeden (wat in de ogen van de achtiende-eeuwse Kerk ze- ker vermeden moest worden); en de maçonnieke geheimhouding strookte niet met dat ene geheim dat voor het katholicisme die naam waard was – het biecht- geheim.1 Alle latere pauselijke en antimaçonnieke teksten zouden deze stand- punten verder verdiepen. -
Napoleonic Governance in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany Conquest, Incorporation, and Integration Martijn Van Der Burg War, Culture and Society, 1750–1850
WAR, CULTURE AND SOCIETY, 1750–1850 Napoleonic Governance in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany Conquest, Incorporation, and Integration Martijn van der Burg War, Culture and Society, 1750–1850 Series Editors Rafe Blaufarb Florida State University Tallahassee, FL, USA Alan Forrest University of York York, UK Karen Hagemann University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA The series aims to the analysis of the military and war by combining politi- cal, social, cultural, art and gender history with military history. It wants to extend the scope of traditional histories of the period by discussing war and revolution across the Atlantic as well as within Europe, thereby con- tributing to a new global history of confict in the eighteenth and nine- teenth century. For more information see: wscseries.web.unc.edu More information about this series at http://www.palgrave.com/gp/series/14390 Martijn van der Burg Napoleonic Governance in the Netherlands and Northwest Germany Conquest, Incorporation, and Integration Martijn van der Burg Open University of the Netherlands Heerlen, The Netherlands ISSN 2634-6699 ISSN 2634-6702 (electronic) War, Culture and Society, 1750 –1850 ISBN 978-3-030-66657-6 ISBN 978-3-030-66658-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66658-3 © The Author(s) 2021. This book is an open access publication. Open Access This book is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence and indicate if changes were made. -
Freemasonry As a Patriotic Society? the 1830 Belgian Revolution”
“Freemasonry as a Patriotic Society? The 1830 Belgian Revolution” Anaïs Maes Consejo Científico: José Antonio Ferrer Benimeli (Universidad de Zaragoza), Miguel Guzmán-Stein (Universidad de Costa Rica), Eduardo Torres-Cuevas (Universidad de La Habana), Andreas Önnerfors (University of Leiden), María Eugenia Vázquez Semadeni (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Roberto Valdés Valle (Universidad Centroamericana “José Simeón Cañas”), Carlos Martínez Moreno (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México), Céline Sala (Université de Perpignan) Editor: Yván Pozuelo Andrés (IES Universidad Laboral de Gijón) Director: Ricardo Martínez Esquivel (Universidad de Costa Rica) Dirección web: rehmlac.com/ Correo electrónico: [email protected] Apartado postal: 243-2300 San José, Costa Rica REHMLAC ISSN 1659-4223 2 Vol. 2, Nº 2, Diciembre 2010-Abril 2011 Fecha de recibido: 12 junio 2010 – Fecha de aceptación: 3 agosto 2010 Palabras clave Masonería, patriotismo, nacionalismo, revolución, Bélgica Keywords Freemasonry, patriotism, nationalism, revolution, Belgium Resumen Al cuestionar la masonería y el patriotismo, tenemos que conceptualizar el análisis de la evolución de la identidad patriótica. El caso de la Revolución belga de 1830 es extremadamente aclarador en este respecto. Las reacciones de los masones demuestran que el patriotismo y el nacionalismo no son sinónimos en 1830, siendo el primero el amor por la patria, mientras que el segundo está conectado a una doctrina específica del Estado. Un proceso de nacionalización de patriotismo está claramente en el camino, pero no inspira a todos los patriotas. La definición de conceptos como nación, estado y nacionalismo difieren fuertemente a lo largo de las logias. ¿En qué estado podría ofrecerse las mejores perspectivas para la nación belga, valores cívicos y amor a la libertad? De acuerdo con una pequeña mayoría de masones, el Estado belga ofrece la mejor solución política.