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AL. ODOBE Sc U C-(2-Nc 'ARIL CLASIC1 ROMANI. CUGETAREA CU COMENTAR11 AL. ODOBE Sc U '\11 OPERE A LESE II ISTORICE, FILOLOGICE, ARHEOLOGICE. etc. EDITIE iNGRIJITA DE ALEXANDRU IORDAN CUGETAREA * GEORGESCU DELAFRAS Clasici Al. Odobescu :11. Scrterl istorice, etc. 1 AL. ODOBESCU OPERE ALESE II SCRIERI ISTORICE, ISTORICO - LITERARE, FILOLOGICE, FOLKLORICE, ARHEOLOGICE, ETC. SCRIITORII CLASICI ROMANI CUGETAREA CU COMENTARII AL, ODOBESCU OPERE ALESE SCRIERI ISTORICE, ISTORICO - LITERARE, FILOLOGICE, FOLKLORICE, ARHEOLOGICE, etc. CU UN STUDIU INTRODUCTIV NOTE *I GLOSAR DE ALEXANDRU IORDAN DOCTOR IN LITIERS CUGETAREA, - GEORGESCU DELAFRAS 73 TIC URESTI IV - STRADA POPA NAN Nr. 21 1155 -941 PREFATA Dupd volumul cuprinzeind opera literard, west de-al dot: lea vo/um prezintd laolaltd cele mai de seamd serien i ale lui Alexandru Odobescu, in domeniul filologiei, istoriei nationale, istoriei literare, arheologiei $i istoriei artelor. In introducerea ce precede textul ca o completare a expunerii biografice din primul volum am gd sit Cu cale sii infeitiqdm $i laturi mai putin cunoscute dinpreo- cupdrile sale, acelea in legdturd cu $coala 0 tea trul, is- lesnind astfel cunoa$terea ceit mai deplinda multilatera- lei $i fecundei sale activiteiti. Ca $i pentru primul volum, $i de data aceasta, in reedi- larea textului ne-am slujit de editia apdrutd in anul 1887; am feicut exceptie doar pentru Ctiteva ore la Sna- gov, pentru care am folosit textul dinRevista Romani (1862), acesta fiind cel mai complet, evitdnd astfel omi- siuvile ce s'a fiicut in editiile de panit acum. Pentru a inlesni viitorilor cercetdtori, studierea in- tregii activitdti publicistice a lui Odobescu, am addogat la sfdrqitul introducerii, o bibliografie completda operei sale. Piistrand neschimbat fondul limbii lui Odobescu, am reaat textul in forma corespunzdtoare ortografiei curente. Glosarul ce urmeazd va ajuta la intelegerea euvintelor cu o circulatie mai redusd. INTRODITCERE AnalizAnd in primal volum activitatea $i valoarea ope- rei literare a lui A. Odobescu, ne revine sarcina de a inqiti$a in aceasta introducere, celelalte laturi ale preo- coparilor sale. $coala : Pentru Alexandru Odobescu, functiunile si dem- nil atile ce le-a detinut nu au fost decat prilejul de inchina intreg rodul muncii $i priceperii lui, institutiilor pe care le-a servit. De aceea, timpul at a fost insarcinat cu diferite mi- sinniin Ministerul Instructiunii, $i dupa aceea chiar, atentia lui creatoare s'a indreptat catre o mai rationala $1 demna organizare a invatamhutului românesc. Pentru buna ftinctionare a invatamântului primar, Odo- beecu cerca, in mod imperios, pregatireai selectionarea imaltatorilor, o metodica alcatuire a manualelor $i dà- diTisanatoase pentru localul $colii 1). Promotor al ideii intemeierii $colilor sate$ti, el vedea roadele acestora depinzand de indrumarea practicA, ce nrma sa fie data fiilor de tarani, care, spunea el tre- buesc invatati sa-$i indeplineasea cu succesi progres, profesiunea lor de cultivatori ai pamântuluii rolul lor de cetAteni ai patriei" 2). Progresul invittämântului secundar, depindea, dupa pa- rerea lui, de indrumarea pe care aceasta $coala o va da elevului, pentru cariera de mai tarziu. Realizarea practica o vedea Odobescu in bifurcarea Al.Odobescu :Serien i literare si istorice, Buc. 1887 ;vol. III, p. 857 cfr. si I. R.Pogoneanu : Studii, Buc. 1910, pp. 93-96;si Re- visto Pedagogicd, I, pp. : 107-128, I. R. Pogoneanu : op. cit. p. N. 10 AL. ODOBESCU invataimantului secundar, sistem dovedit astazi eel mai Eimerit, dupa numeroasele reforme ale acestei scoli, pana mai acum cAtiva ani3). Dar Alexandru Odobeseu n'a fost numai un teoretician al organizarii inva.tamantului, ci si un indrumätor po taramul practie. Despre aceasta vorbeste In chipul eel mai edificator, marturisirea inginerului St. Petrescu, fost elev alìcolii Normale Superioare, care ne da pretioase relatiuni de modal cum a condus Odobescu aceasta scoalk turnp de trei ani. Conferinte cu variate subiecte, tinute de personalitati de seama, din vieata culturatä si stiintifica romaneasea alternau cu reprezentatii de teatrui concerte muzicale, care formau spiritualiceste pe elevi.Profesori straini fusesera adusi pentru predarea limbilor franeeza si gor- mand, a caror curenta conversatie el o soeotea de prima necesitate pentru un absolvent al acestei scoli. Cu bunele maniere isi deprindea el insusi elevii, prin procedeul de a invita in fieeare zi la dejun, cate patru din ei, earora indirect le servea exemple, de modul cum trebue sà se poorte in societate. Neputand uita cà iclineolo de DunareiCarpati, traiese frati de Waage, el obtinuse aprobarea ca tuatara de cei 30 de elevi bursieri prin concurs, sà fie admisi fara concurs, 10 Macedoneni si 2 Ardeleni 4). '3'ot in calitate de director alcoiii Normal° Superioare, a intemeiat cel dintai gimnaziu de aplicatie, pentru in- vrztatorii studenti Ca autor de manuale didactice, Alexandru Odobesett a ilustrat fiecare regula teoretica, prin exemplificari din cele mai coneludente.lata, de pilda, cum intelegea el sà lamureascä intrebuintarea tra.surii de unire : Spata-lata a fost Meg, de mie-mititel un pierde-vara, un tan:le-bran, uu om-de-nimica, un fdra-de-lege.Ca copil el se furisa printre florile cele inalte, printre floarea-soarelui, printre motul-cureanului, ea sà fure pepeni din gradina.Mai tarziu si-a luat lumea 'n cap. Nu cumva dusu-s'a el la Laeul-Sarat 1". Ba s'a dus $i de-acolo a fugit la Balta- Al. Odobescu : op. cit. vol. II, pp. : 303-316. ,St. Petrescu :Odobescu educator, in Convorbiri Literare", LXVII (1934), pp. 740-746. G. N. Costescu : Alexandru I. Odobescu, in InvAttimantul pri- mer" III (1897), p. 355. OPERE ALESE Alba, la Valenii-de-Munte... pana a ajuns la Turnu-Se- verinului 6). Ca profesor universitar, a introdus in invatamantul nostru superior, o disciplina noua arheologia pe caro a F3tiut sa o faca atat de atragatoare, Inca cursurile lui, et au urmarite cu cel mai viu interes nu numai do stu- denti, ci si de un numeros public 7). El a initiat scoala arheologica romaneasca pe baze tif ice, 'lute° epoca in care chiar in Apus, aceasta disci- plina era Inca sub influenta romantismului f3i a diriguit gustul publicului spre sferele senine ale artei. ** TeatrulCu mai bine de un sfert de veae in urma, s'a pus pentru prima ()aril in discutie, activitatea de autor dramatic a lui Alexandru Odobescu, atribuindu-i-se chiar, paternitatea dramei Vlaicu-Voda". Baca aceasta drama este a lui Alexandru Davila ori a luí Alexandru Odobescu, credem ca nu o poate dovedi in mod definitiv decal o minutioasa analiza a expresiilor si voeabularului ei, comparativ cu. cele intrebuintate de cei doi scriitori, in celelalte opere ale lor.Paull atunci insa Vlatieu-Vodei ramane a lui Alexandru Davila, asa cum e trecuta as-Uzi in istoria literaturii noastre dra- matice, lipsindu-1 prin aceasta, poate, pe Odobescu de una din operele cu care se mandreste literatura romaneasca. Dar, chiar fruit Vlaicu-Vodá, activitatea de autor dra- matic a lui Alexandru Odobescu ni se infatiseazil destul de bogata atat prin serien i originale, cat si prin tradu- ceri si localizari, dupa cum o dovedesc manuscriptele-i pastrate la Academia Rom'ana. Inainte de a vorbi insä de aceasta latura a preocupari- lor sale literare, gasim cu cale sa" aratam cil. Odobescu este legat de desvoltarea artei dramatice la noi si prin func- tiile ce a detinut in conducerea teatrului. Astfel la 23 Doeembrie 1873 a fost numit membru in Comitetul Tea- trelor, ca succesor al lui C. Esarcu, iar in 1875, director administrativ al Teatrului Mare, denumit de el Teatrul National.In aceasta ultimà calitate, Alexandru Odo- A. I. Odobescui V. Gr. Borgovan : Gramatica pentru cl. primara, Sue. 1895, p. 13. Al. nigara-Samurcav : A. Odobescu In Convorbiri Literare", LXVII (1934), p. 605. 12 AL ODOBESCJII besen a con dus lucrarile de amenajare $i impodobire ar- tistica a salii de spectacol, si s'a ocupat in deaproape de regia pieselor, latura neglijatä pang la el, de ceilalti conducatori de teatru 8). In ceea ce priveste opera sa dramatica, putem stabili astazi, dinteo insemnare manuscripta 9) si din marturisi- rile profesorului Al. $erban 10), lista incercarilor sale ori- gin ale, traducerilor si localizarilor, pe care o redam in inti egime in bibliografia ce urmeaza acestei introducen. Din cercetarea titlurilor pe care Odobeseu le-a dat pie- selor sale, usor se poate constata cd subiectele preferate de el erau cele istorice. A supra valorii literare si dramatice, nu ne putem pro- nunta, caci textul acestora, daca va fi existat complet, nu se pastreaza. Fapt cert e insa crt teatrul a constituit o preocupare serioasa pentru Odobescu. Dar, Odobescu nu a fost numai director de teatru $i au- tor dramatic, ci si indrumator, pe calea scrisului al artei dramatice.In aceasta privint4, amintim cele cloud ar- ticole de intinse proportii :Teatrul National11)i $coala dromatica12), in care printre alte idei sanatoase, cere ca sa se inalte Teatrul National la gradul unei institutii in care Literelei Artele, adieä desvoltarea intelectuala a limbii si a gustului estetic al Romanilor, Ii va avea din cele mai luminoase si mai calduroase ale lor altare". * * * Filologia : Adanc cunoscator al limbii populare $i a ce!ei cronicaresti, posedand o terneinicrt preatire In do- meniul clasicismului, inzestrat cu un puternic spirit de patrundere a subtilitatilor lingvistice, Alexandru Odo- beset' n'a putut ramâne inafara actiunii de combatere a curentului de latinizare a limbii românesti, pe care se C. Prodan : Pentru comemorarea lui Al. Odobescn... Bnc. 1936, p. 24 ; 1. Ma3sof letona Teatrnlui National, Buc. (1937), p. 27; D. C. Oildnescu : Teatrul la Ilomb.ni, vol. II, Buc. 1898, p. 333. Academia Romcind, Mss. rom. No. 4935. Al. .Serban : Piesele lni Odobescu, in Flaclira", Buc. 1913-14, pp. 108, 116, 153. Epoca, Buc. 1877, 22 Octombrie/3 Noembrie. idetn, 29 Octombrie/10 Noembriei Al. Odobesca, op. cit. vol. II, pp. :353-361. OPERE ALESE 13 strdduiau sa-1 impund in mod oficial reprezentantii A r- dealului.
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