The Evolution of Cellular & Wi-Fi Networks
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NEXT GENERATION MOBILE WIRELESS NETWORKS: 5G CELLULAR INFRASTRUCTURE JULY-SEPT 2020 the Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering
VOLUME 36, NUMBER 3 July-September 2020 Article Page 2 References Page 17 Next Generation Mobile Wireless Networks: Authors Dr. Rendong Bai 5G Cellular Infrastructure Associate Professor Dept. of Applied Engineering & Technology Eastern Kentucky University Dr. Vigs Chandra Professor and Coordinator Cyber Systems Technology Programs Dept. of Applied Engineering & Technology Eastern Kentucky University Dr. Ray Richardson Professor Dept. of Applied Engineering & Technology Eastern Kentucky University Dr. Peter Ping Liu Professor and Interim Chair School of Technology Eastern Illinois University Keywords: The Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering© is an official Mobile Networks; 5G Wireless; Internet of Things; publication of the Association of Technology, Management, and Applied Millimeter Waves; Beamforming; Small Cells; Wi-Fi 6 Engineering, Copyright 2020 ATMAE 701 Exposition Place Suite 206 SUBMITTED FOR PEER – REFEREED Raleigh, NC 27615 www. atmae.org JULY-SEPT 2020 The Journal of Technology, Management, and Applied Engineering Next Generation Mobile Wireless Networks: Dr. Rendong Bai is an Associate 5G Cellular Infrastructure Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering and Technology at Eastern Kentucky University. From 2008 to 2018, ABSTRACT he served as an Assistant/ The requirement for wireless network speed and capacity is growing dramatically. A significant amount Associate Professor at Eastern of data will be mobile and transmitted among phones and Internet of things (IoT) devices. The current Illinois University. He received 4G wireless technology provides reasonably high data rates and video streaming capabilities. However, his B.S. degree in aircraft the incremental improvements on current 4G networks will not satisfy the ever-growing demands of manufacturing engineering users and applications. -
Aruba Instant 8.9.0.0 Release Notes Copyright Information © Copyright 2021 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP
Aruba Instant 8.9.0.0 Release Notes Copyright Information © Copyright 2021 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP. Open Source Code This product includes code licensed under the GNU General Public License, the GNU Lesser General Public License, and/or certain other open source licenses. A complete machine-readable copy of the source code corresponding to such code is available upon request. This offer is valid to anyone in receipt of this information and shall expire three years following the date of the final distribution of this product version by Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company. To obtain such source code, send a check or money order in the amount of US $10.00 to: Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company 6280 America Center Drive San Jose, CA 95002 USA Contents Contents Contents 3 Revision History 4 Release Overview 5 Related Documents 5 Supported Browsers 5 Terminology Change 6 Contacting Support 6 New Features and Enhancements 7 ARM 7 Authentication 7 Central 7 CLI 8 Datapath / Firewall 9 DHCP 9 DNS 9 IoT 9 Platform 11 VPN 11 Supported Hardware Platforms 13 Regulatory Updates 14 Resolved Issues 15 Known Issues and Limitations 20 Limitations 20 Known Issues 20 Upgrading an Instant AP 22 Upgrading an Instant AP and Image Server 22 Upgrading an Instant AP Using the Automatic Image Check 24 Upgrading to a New Version Manually Using the WebUI 24 Upgrading an Instant AP Image Using CLI 26 Upgrade from Instant 6.4.x.x-4.2.x.x to Instant 8.9.0.x 26 Aruba Instant 8.9.0.0 | Release Notes 3 Revision History The following table provides the revision history of this document. -
Cellular Wireless Networks
CHAPTER10 CELLULAR WIRELESS NETwORKS 10.1 Principles of Cellular Networks Cellular Network Organization Operation of Cellular Systems Mobile Radio Propagation Effects Fading in the Mobile Environment 10.2 Cellular Network Generations First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation 10.3 LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced Architecture LTE-Advanced Transission Characteristics 10.4 Recommended Reading 10.5 Key Terms, Review Questions, and Problems 302 10.1 / PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR NETWORKS 303 LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: ◆ Provide an overview of cellular network organization. ◆ Distinguish among four generations of mobile telephony. ◆ Understand the relative merits of time-division multiple access (TDMA) and code division multiple access (CDMA) approaches to mobile telephony. ◆ Present an overview of LTE-Advanced. Of all the tremendous advances in data communications and telecommunica- tions, perhaps the most revolutionary is the development of cellular networks. Cellular technology is the foundation of mobile wireless communications and supports users in locations that are not easily served by wired networks. Cellular technology is the underlying technology for mobile telephones, personal communications systems, wireless Internet and wireless Web appli- cations, and much more. We begin this chapter with a look at the basic principles used in all cellular networks. Then we look at specific cellular technologies and stan- dards, which are conveniently grouped into four generations. Finally, we examine LTE-Advanced, which is the standard for the fourth generation, in more detail. 10.1 PRINCIPLES OF CELLULAR NETWORKS Cellular radio is a technique that was developed to increase the capacity available for mobile radio telephone service. Prior to the introduction of cellular radio, mobile radio telephone service was only provided by a high-power transmitter/ receiver. -
Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics
NIST Special Publication 800-101 Revision 1 Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics Rick Ayers Sam Brothers Wayne Jansen http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP.800-101r1 NIST Special Publication 800-101 Revision 1 Guidelines on Mobile Device Forensics Rick Ayers Software and Systems Division Information Technology Laboratory Sam Brothers U.S. Customs and Border Protection Department of Homeland Security Springfield, VA Wayne Jansen Booz-Allen-Hamilton McLean, VA http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.SP. 800-101r1 May 2014 U.S. Department of Commerce Penny Pritzker, Secretary National Institute of Standards and Technology Patrick D. Gallagher, Under Secretary of Commerce for Standards and Technology and Director Authority This publication has been developed by NIST in accordance with its statutory responsibilities under the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA), 44 U.S.C. § 3541 et seq., Public Law (P.L.) 107-347. NIST is responsible for developing information security standards and guidelines, including minimum requirements for Federal information systems, but such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national security systems without the express approval of appropriate Federal officials exercising policy authority over such systems. This guideline is consistent with the requirements of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-130, Section 8b(3), Securing Agency Information Systems, as analyzed in Circular A- 130, Appendix IV: Analysis of Key Sections. Supplemental information is provided in Circular A- 130, Appendix III, Security of Federal Automated Information Resources. Nothing in this publication should be taken to contradict the standards and guidelines made mandatory and binding on Federal agencies by the Secretary of Commerce under statutory authority. -
Using a Verizon Mifi for Use with VRS Networks and a TSC2
Using a Verizon MiFi for use with VRS Networks and a TSC2 The Verizon MiFi is an Intelligent Mobile Hotspot that lets you create a personal, portable Wi-Fi hotspot capable of sharing Verizon Wireless Mobile Broadband 3G high-speed Internet connectivity with up to five Wi-Fi enabled devices. 1. Follow the directions in the Tips, hints and shortcuts manual provided for charging your MiFi before continuing with making the WiFi connections to the TSC2 to receive VRS corrections. 2. It is recommended that the MiFi device get charged at least 2.5 hours to ensure a full initial charge. 3. Once charging is complete we are now ready to activate the device. 4. Activation of the MiFi device is performed on your desktop PC. 5. Turn on your computer and close all open applications. 6. Insert the USB Cable in to the USB port on the MiFi device and the other end into the USB port of your computer. 7. The MiFi device powers on automatically and the VZAccess Manager Software Installer launches and the MiFi drivers automatically once installation is complete. If the VZAccess Manager Software does not automatically install, go to Start/My Computer and click to open the CD-ROM drive with the Verizon Wireless icon. Click on setup.exe and wait a few moments for the software and drivers to automatically install. 8. Launch the VZAcess Manager software. The first time you launch VZAccess Manager, the Setup Wizard appears. Follow the on-screen instructions to configure the device. When prompted select PC Card or USB Modem as device type. -
Cellular Network Sunsetting
Cellular Network Sunsetting By Dave Anderson, Senior IoCP Program Manager The use of acronyms by the cellular industry is extensive. 3GPP, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, LTE, CDMA, 1xRTT, HSPA, GPRS, EV-DO, GSM, NB-IoT, and many others are examples of the plethora of technologies and descriptions used to ultimately describe the actual hardware and service used by a device to connect to various networks to communicate information. This complexity pales in comparison to the FCC spectrum allocation chart shown in Fig 1. The chart depicts the frequency spectrums where toys, TV, radio, military, medical, marine radios, satellites, space telescopes and all the other frequency uses in the United States. Other countries have their own versions of this chart. Cellular technology utilizes a very small portion of this chart, yet occupies a large portion of everyday life in today’s connected society. Figure 1 Close examination of this chart will show that there are no open or available blocks of spectrum, so as new technologies are developed they must either layer on top of existing technologies, or aging technologies must be turned off or ‘sunset’ to free up spectrum for newer technologies. The cell phone industry has diligently worked to define a consumer market where the expectation is to replace this communication device with contract renewal type regularity. From a consumer point of view, the older technologies are usually long passed before a sunset event would force a phone upgrade. In parallel to the explosive cell phone market growth is the industrial usage of the cellular communication networks. The presence of a cellular network removes the necessity for wired connections and makes mobile monitoring possible for a number of industries. -
Cdma2000 1X Capacity Decrease by Power Control Error in High Speed Train Environment
CDMA2000 1X CAPACITY DECREASE BY POWER CONTROL ERROR IN HIGH SPEED TRAIN ENVIRONMENT Simon Shin, Tae-Kyun Park, Byeung-Cheol Kim, and Yong-Ha Jeon Network R&D Center, SK Telecom, 9-1, Sunae-dong, Bundang-gu, Sungnam City, Gyunggi-do, South Korea Dongwoo Kim School of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Hanyang Univ. 1271 Sa-dong, Ansan, Kyungki-do 425-791, South Korea Keywords: CDMA2000 1X, Doppler shift, capacity, power control, Korea Train Express Abstract: CDMA2000 1X capacity was analysed in the high speed train environment. We calculated the power control error by Doppler shift and simulated bit error rate (BER) at the base station. We made the interference model and calculated the BER from lower bound of power control error variance. The reverse link BER was increased by high velocity although there was no coverage reduction. Capacity decrease was negligible in the pedestrian (5 km/h), urban vehicular(40 km/h), highway and railroad(100 km/h) environment. However, capacity was severely reduced in high speed train condition(300 km/h and 350 km/h). Cell-planning considering capacity as well as coverage is essential for successful cellular service in high speed train. 1 INTRODUCTION train with 300 km/h velocity. Received power, transmitted power, and pilot chip energy to Cellular mobile telephone and data communication interference ratio (Ec/Io) of mobile station were not correlated with the mobile velocity. We could serve services are very popular. Cellular service is usable in anywhere, even though tunnel, sea, and successfully the CDMA2000 1X in the KTX by underground places. Railroads and highways are existing cellular network. -
Thank You for Choosing HUAWEI Mobile Wifi Supported Functions and Actual Appearance Depend on the Specific Models You Purchased
Thank you for choosing HUAWEI Mobile WiFi Supported functions and actual appearance depend on the specific models you purchased. The illustrations are provided for your reference only. For details about the model you selected, consult your service provider. This guide briefly describes the functions of the Mobile WiFi. For more details, see help on the web management page. Copyright © Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2012. All rights reserved. THIS DOCUMENT IS FOR INFORMATION PURPOSE ONLY, AND DOES NOT CONSTITUTE ANY KIND OF WARRANTIES. 1 Getting to Know HUAWEI Mobile WiFi Connection Scenario A Wi-Fi device can be connected to the Internet through the Mobile WiFi. The actual connection procedure depends on the operating system of the Wi-Fi device. The connection scenario illustrated here is for your reference. 2 Appearance No. Item 1 1 Screen 2 3 WPS button Press it twice consecutively to display 4 the SSID and wireless network key. 5 2 Press and hold it until a WPS activation animation is displayed to enable the WPS function. 3 Power/Wi-Fi button 4 SIM card slot 6 7 5 Strap hole 8 6 USB port 7 Reset button 8 microSD card slot 3 Screen No. Item 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Signal strength 2 Network 4G Wi-Fi enabled 3 Number of devices connected 4 Internet connection status New messages 5 Number of new messages A 0.00MB 00:00 R 6 Battery level 7 International roaming state 9 8 7 Traffic data 8 Connection duration A: Auto mode 9 M: Manual mode 4 Charging the Battery Charge your Mobile WiFi the first time you use it or if it has not been used for a long time. -
4G LTE Standards
Standard of 4G LTE Jia SHEN CAICT 1 Course Objectives: Evolution of LTE-Advanced LTE-Advanced pro 2 2 Evolution of LTE/LTE-A technology standard Peak rate LTE-Advanced 3Gbps R10 R11 R12 LTE • Distributed • D2D R9 antenna • TDD Flexible 300Mbps R8 • dual layer CoMP slot beamformi • Enhanced allocation ng • CA MIMO • 3D MIMO • Terminal • Enhanced • OFDM • Enhanced CA • … location MIMO • MIMO • … technology • Relay • … • HetNet 2008 2009 • … 2011 2012 2014 Terminal location technology dual layer3 beamforming CA Enhanced antenna Relay Course Objectives: Evolution of LTE-Advanced CA Enhanced MIMO CoMP eICIC Relay LTE-Advanced pro 4 4 Principle of carrier aggregation (CA) Carrier aggregation • In order to satisfy the design of LTE-A system with the maximum bandwidth of 100MHz, and to maintain the backward compatibility,3GPP proposed carrier aggregation. In the LTE-A system, the maximum bandwidth of a single carrier is 20MHz Participate in the aggregati on of the various LTE carrier is known as the LTE-A mem ber carrier (Component Car rier, CC) Standard Considering the backward compatibility of LTE system, the maximum bandwidth of a single carrier unit is 20M Hz in the LTE-A system. All carrier units will be designed to be compatible with LTE, but at this stage it does not exclude the considerati on of non - backward compatible carriers. In the LTE-A FDD system, the terminal can be configured to aggregate different bandwidth, different number o f carriers. For TDD LTE-A systems, the number of uplink and downlink carriers is the same in a typical scence. In the LTE-A system, CA supports up to 5 DL carriers. -
The First 5G Mifi with Mifi Iq Technology
TECHNOLOGY: 5G NR, 4G LTE, UMTS INTRODUCING INSEEGO’S 5G MIFI M1100 THE FIRST 5G MIFI WITH MIFI IQ TECHNOLOGY The First Mobile Hotspot with 5G The Only 5G Hotspot with Enterprise-Grade Security Be the first to experience 5G with the 5G MiFi M1100 by Complex layers of security engineered to include Inseego. Improve your productivity with blazing-fast data customizable user security settings, advanced speeds. Experience cloud gaming, augmented and virtual administrative capabilities, industry-leading anti-hacking reality (AR/VR) with virtually no lag time. Download and features, VPN pass-through and more. stream hi-res video in a flash. Whatever you want to do, now you can do it faster. Stay Connected Any Way You Want Whether you’re connecting a mobile office with laptops and 5G and Advanced 4G LTE Speed, Wherever You Go smartphones, a VR headset, an industrial IoT router or even a The M1100 combines 5G with advanced 4G LTE robot, the M1100 meets all your needs for speed and big data technology to ensure the fastest data speeds possible feeds. Supports up to 16 connections (15 via Wi-Fi plus one via wherever you go. With a seamless connection to 4G and Ethernet or USB). 5G service*, it delivers the best of both worlds. Color Display with Easy Touchscreen Controls High-Capacity, Fast-Charging Battery to Power An intuitive user interface puts all vital information at Through Your Day your fingertips. Simple menus on the large 2.4” color With its power optimization features, 4400 mAh Li-Ion touchscreen make it easy to manage passwords, device battery and Quick Charge™ technology, the M1100 stays settings, data usage and more. -
18-452/18-750 Wireless Networks and Applications Overview Cellular
Overview 18-452/18-750 Surveys Wireless Networks and Applications Cellular principles Lecture 17: » Cellular design Cellular - Principles » Elements of a cellular network » How does a mobile phone take place? Peter Steenkiste » Handoff » Frequency Allocation, Traffic Engineering Early cellular generations: 1G, 2G, 3G Spring Semester 2017 Today’s cellular: LTE http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~prs/wirelessS17/ Some slides based on material from “Wireless Communication Networks and Systems” © 2016 Pearson Higher Education, Inc. Peter A. Steenkiste, CMU 1 Peter A. Steenkiste, CMU 2 The Advent of Cellular versus WiFi Cellular Networks Cellular WiFi Mobile radio telephone system was based on: Licensed Unlicensed » Predecessor of today’s cellular systems Spectrum » High power transmitter/receivers Provisioned Unprovisioned » Could support about 25 channels Service model » in a radius of 80 Km “for pay” “free” – no SLA To increase network capacity: » Multiple lower power transmitters (100W or less) MAC services Fixed bandwidth Best effort » Smaller transmission radius -> area split in cells SLAs no SLAs » Each cell with its own frequencies and base station » Adjacent cells use different frequencies Implications for level of service (SLAs), cost, » The same frequency can be reused at sufficient distance nature of protocols, …? These trends are continuing … Peter A. Steenkiste, CMU 3 Peter A. Steenkiste, CMU 4 Page 1 The Cellular Idea The MTS network http://www.privateline.com/PCS/images/SaintLouis2.gif In December 1947 Donald H. Ring outlined the idea in a Bell labs memo Split an area into cells, each with their own low power towers Each cell would use its own frequency Did not take off due to “extreme-at-the-time” processing needs » Handoff for thousands of users » Rapid switching infeasible – maintain call while changing frequency » Technology not ready Peter A. -
Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report
2 3 4 5 Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report 6 6 In accordance to the requirements of the Request for Engineering, we carried out several information and asks in Panama, China, Sweden, USA, Norway, Finland, Korea and Taiwan. These locations are home to equipment suppliers, network operators or product regional representatives. The tasks outlined for compliance were defined as: 1- Revision, testing, analysis and recommendation of initial terminal equipment for use in the local IMT-2000 network. Compilation of accurate on the field information on troublesome equipment. 2- Secure availability of terminal equipment to synchronize with the new IMT-2000 platform. 3- Interpretation and recommendation of a product release information listing that will be able to interact with the majority of available terminals, particularly low- end supplies, without affecting GoS/QoS. 4- Cellular tests and measurements. Perform data throughput tests with terminals in working IMT-2000 networks. Sensitivity and Performance measurements. 5- Revision, testing, analysis and recommendation of testing equipment to be used for engineering purposes in the IMT-2000 network at terminal level (level 1,2,3) and network level. 6- Conduct laboratory testing and measurements on network equipment (including antennas) and terminals. 7- Purchasing of spare parts of key components of the IMT-2000 network. 8- Pursuing adequate training relevant to the technology and vendor for know-how transfer to network operator. 7 9- Testing and analysis of IMT-2000 networks in the countries visited with hardware and software tools. Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report 7 In meetings with manufacturers of IMT-2000 terminals were held, model compatibility was observed and technical training received by the manufacturers of equipment.