Sampling Report Collection of the 26 Sampling Sites from Drb Baseline Network

SAMPLING REPORT COLLECTION OF THE 26 SAMPLING SITES FROM DRB BASELINE NETWORK

DELIVERABLE 3.3.3

Version 1.0

Programme co-funded by the European Union funds (ERDF, IPA, ENI) D.3.3.3 – SAMPLING REPORT COLLECTION OF THE 26 SAMPLING SITES FROM DRB BASELINE NETWORK

Project title

Sediment-quality Information, Monitoring and Assessment System to support transnational cooperation for joint Danube Basin water management

Acronym

SIMONA

Project duration

1st June 2018 to 30th November 2021, 42 months

Date of preparation

30/04/2021

Authors (in alphabetical order):

AUSTRIA: Edith Haslinger (AIT), Paul Kinner (GBA), Tanja Knoll (GBA), Sebastian Pfleiderer (GBA), Heinz Reitner (GBA), Albert Schedl (GBA), Barbara Träxler (GBA)

BOSNIA and HEZEGOVINA: Ismir Hajdarević (FZZG)

BULGARIA: Atanas Hikov (GI-BAS), Irena Peytcheva (GI-BAS), Milena Vetseva (GI-BAS), Petyo Fil- ipov (GI-BAS), Zlatka Milalovska (GI-BAS).

CROATIA: Ajka Šorša (HGI-CGS), Lidija Galović (HGI-CGS), Danijel Ivanišević (HGI-CGS), Ana Čaić Janković (HGI-CGS), Ivan Mišur (HGI-CGS), Đorđa Medić (CW-HV), Neven Bujas (CW-HV), Jasmina Antolić (CW-HV)

CZECH REPUBLIC: Jarmila Halířová (CHMI), Libor Mikl (CHMI), Pavel Stierand (CHMI)

HUNGARY: Győző Jordán (SZIE), Katalin Mária Dudás (NARIC), Zsófia Kovács (OVF)

MOLDAVIA: Igor Nicoară (IGS-ASM)

MONTENEGRO: Neda Dević (GSM), Slobodan Radusinović (GSM)

ROMANIA: Albert Baltres (IGR), Anca-Marina Vijdea (IGR)

SERBIA: Vladica Cvetković (UB-FMG), Prvoslav Marjanović (JCI), Kristina Sarić (UB-FMG), Dragica Vulić (JCI)

SLOVAKIA: Jozef Kordík (SGIDS), Igor Stríček (SGIDS), Michal Jankulár (SGIDS), Ivan Györög (SGIDS)

SLOVENIA: Meta Dobnikar (GEOZS), Teja Čeru (GEOZS), Kristina Koret (GEOZS)

Responsible(s) of the deliverable: Anca-Marina Vijdea (RO-IGR)

Co-responsible(s) of the deliverable: Gyozo Jordan (HU-SZIE)

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Contents

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5

2. SIMONA METHODOLOGY OF SAMPLING BASELINE STATIONS IN PARTNER COUNTRIES ...... 6

3. SAMPLED BASELINE STATIONS IN SIMONA COUNTRIES...... 12

3.1 AUSTRIA ...... 12 3.1.1. Donau - Hainburg ...... 12 3.1.2. Drau - Lavamünd ...... 23 3.2. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA ...... 32 3.2.1. BH-1 (FEDERATION OF B&H), Spreča, Karanovac ...... 32 3.2.2. BH-2 (REPUBLIKA SRPSKA), Bosna, Rudanka ...... 39 3.3. BULGARIA ...... 46 3.3.1. Danube, Silistra, old port of Silistra ...... 47 3.3.2. Yantra at Karantsi ...... 56 3.4 CROATIA ...... 60 3.4.1. Sampling site on the River Sutla near Kumrovec at the border of Croatia and Slovenia ...... 62 3.4.2. Sampling site near the confluence of the River Drava and the River Danube at the border of Croata and Serbia ...... 65 3.5. CZECH REPUBLIC ...... 70 3.5.1. Lanžhot - Morava River ...... 70 3.5.2. Troubky - Bečva River ...... 74 3.6. HUNGARY ...... 78 3.6.1. Csenger ...... 78 3.6.2. Barcs ...... 78 3.7. REPUBLIC OF MOLDAVIA ...... 79 3.7.1. Criva on Prut ...... 79 3.7.2. Slobozia Mare ...... 79 3.8. MONTENEGRO ...... 80 3.8.1. Gradac - Ćehotina river ...... 80 3.8.2. Dovrakovo - Lim river ...... 83

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3.9. ROMANIA ...... 87 3.9.1. Bazias on Danube ...... 88 3.9.2. Sulina on Danube ...... 94 3.10. SERBIA ...... 97 3.10.1. Novi Sad on Danube ...... 98 3.10.2. Ram on Danube ...... 99 3.11. SLOVAKIA ...... 100 3.11.1. Nitra – Chalmová ...... 101 3.11.2. Hnilec – Jaklovce (Ružín reservoir tributary) ...... 106 3.12. SLOVENIA ...... 112 3.12.1. Jevnica on Sava ...... 113 3.12.2. Medno on Sava ...... 117 REFERENCES ...... 122

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1. INTRODUCTION

This Report describes the work done by project partners within the framework of Activity 3.3 “Carrying out sampling and laboratory analysis implementation at 3 test areas and at the DRB baseline”.

After completing the activity for Drava, Upper Tisa and South Danube test areas, documented in the deliverables D.3.3.1 and D.3.3.2 and after selecting 2 national points per country (described in deliverable D.3.2.2), a Training Event was organized online on 25th March 2021 within WP7 in order to disseminate the experience gained during the sampling campaigns in the 3 test areas and to train all project partners and national water authorithies for a harmonized sampling of the national stations, part of the baseline network.

The sampling campaign started in April and continued in May. Suspended sediments, bottom sediments and floodplain sediments (at two depths levels) were collected in a harmonized way, according to the Manuals developed for SIMONA First Training Event, appended at this report.

The report contains the description of each national site, documented with photos of the equipment which was used and accompanied by a Field Observation Sheet, completed for each type of sampled sediment. This Sheet was developed within the output SIMONA Sediment Quality Sam- pling Protocol (Šorša, A., 2019).

Videos were also taken during the sample collection and will serve for the final SIMONA film (deliverable D.2.3.2 “Short informing film about the sediment quality related to hazardous substances in the surface waters”.

The collected samples, stored in cool conditions, were already/or are going to be sent for analysis to SIMONA Reference Laboratory in Budapest. As mentioned in the Application Form, these samples will be also analysed in accredited national laboratories and the results will be presented in deliverable D.3.3.4 “Laboratory report collection of the 26 sampling sites from DRB baseline network”. The evaluation of the results will be included in output O.3.4 “DRB baseline network for HSs sediment monitoring”, which will be delivered in the last period of SIMONA project (period 7).

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2. SIMONA METHODOLOGY OF SAMPLING BASELINE STA- TIONS IN PARTNER COUNTRIES

In SIMONA partner countries, 26 baseline stations were selected based on criteria described in the report D.3.2.2 TABLE OF SAMPLING SITES FOR DRB BASELINE NETWORK IN SIMONA COUN- TRIES, delivered in Period 3.

The locations of the selected stations are shown in Fig. 1. Table 1 contains their respective coordinates, together with information about river name, site name and type of sampled sediment.

Fig.1: Location of SIMONA baseline monitoring stations in the DRB

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Table 1: Table of sampled baseline network stations

River WGS WGS No. Country Site name Comment name Lat Long

sediment

in sedimentin

Flodp Suspendedsediment Bottom Responsible for sampling

Austrian Federal Ministry of Austria Dan- Yes, TS 1. Hainburg 48.164344 16.992605 Yes Yes Agriculture, (AT) ube and BS Regions and Tour- ism

Austrian Federal Ministry of Austria Yes, TS 2. Drau Lavamünd 46.640657 14.943968 Yes Yes Agriculture, (AT) and BS Regions and Tour- ism

Bosnia and Herze- Karanovak 44.696111 18.273611 Yes, TS 3. Spreca Yes Yes govina (Gracanica) 1 1 and BS (BH)

Bosnia and Herze- Yes, TS Vode 4. Bosna Rudanka 44.763072 18.050125 Yes Yes govina and BS Srpske (BH)

In collaboration with IGR and INHGA Bulgaria Dan- Silistra, 44°7'27.78" 27°16'0.53 Yes, TS (RO) for the 5. Yes Yes GI-BAS (BG) ube right bank N 4"E and BS complete Danube section (center and left)

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Bulgaria 43°23' 25°40' Yes, TS 6. Yantra Karantsi Yes Yes GI-BAS (BG) 12.98"N 5.23"E and BS

HR-HGI- Croatia 46° 15°42'53.7 Yes, TS 7. Sutla Kumrovec Yes Yes CGS, (HR) 3'33.44"N 5"E and BS HR-CW-HV

HR-HGI- Croatia 45°32'40.7 18°54'38.5 Yes, TS 8. Drava Aljmaš Yes Yes CGS, (HR) 0"N 9"E and BS HR-CW-HV

Suspended sediments were col- Czech hy- lected ac- Czech Re- drometeor- Yes, TS cording SI- 9. public Morava Lanžhot 48.707613 16.996652 Yes Yes ological in- and BS MONA guid- (CZ) stitute ance and in (CHMI) addition with centrifuge Suspended sediments were col- Czech hy- lected ac- Czech Re- drometeor- Yes, TS cording SI- 10. public Bečva Troubky 49.434778 17.341091 Yes Yes ological in- and BS MONA guid- (CZ) stitute ance and in (CHMI) addition with centrifuge

Upper-Tisa Hungary Water Man- 11. Tisa Csenger 47.840912 22.692401 (HU) agement Directorate

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Upper-Tisa Hungary Water Man- 12. Drava Barcs 45.948333 17.428816 (HU) agement Directorate

Republic of 48.264488 13. Moldavia Prut Criva 26.660255 3 (MD)

Republic of Slobozia 45.146747 14. Moldavia Prut 29.765025 Mare 2 (MD)

Montenegro Ćehoti 43.389794 19.151097 Yes, TS 15. Gradac Yes Yes IHMS (ME) na 4 2 and BS

Montenegro 43°13'49.5 19°46'45.1 Yes, TS 16. Lim Dobrakovo Yes Yes IHMS (ME) 3"N 8"E and BS

IGR (for FS) Romania Dan- 44°48'49.6 21°22'48.7 Yes, TS Subcontract 17. Bazias Yes Yes INHGA (for (RO) ube 0"N 6"E and BS for SS and BS SS and BS)

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IGR (for FS) Romania Dan- 45°9'30.86" 29°40'19.4 Yes, TS Subcontract 18. Sulina Yes Yes INHGA (for (RO) ube N 5"E and BS for SS and BS SS and BS)

Serbia Dan- 45°15'30.8" 19°53'16.4" National 19. Novi Sad No No Yes RS-JCWI (SR) ube N E point

Serbia Dan- New Na- 20. Ram 44°49'10.7" 21°20'22.5" Yes No Yes RS-JCWI (SR) ube tional point

Slovakia 48°39'27.0 18°28'41.8 Yes, TS 21. Nitra Chalmová Yes Yes SK-SGIDS (SK) 8"N 1"E and BS

Jaklovce Slovakia (Ružín res- 48°52'12.5 20°58'35.5 Yes, TS 22. Hnilec Yes Yes SK-SGIDS (SK) ervoir trib- 2"N 4"E and BS utary)

Jevnica, Slovenia 46°05'18.6" 14°44'54.6 23. Sava Kersniške Yes, TS No Yes GEOZS (SI) N "E Poljane

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Slovenia 46°07'14.4" 14°26'29.8 Yes, TS 24. Sava Medno No Yes GEOZS (SI) N "E and BS

White- Ukraine 48.073422 24.242533 25. Black Rahiv No No No UA-UGC (UA) 2 3 Tisa

Vinogra- Ukraine 23.089305 26. Tisa dovo and 48.1325 No No No UA-UGC (UA) 5 Tekovo

The methodoly for sampling baseline betwork stations in SIMONA partner countries was presented on the occasion of the First SIMONA Training Event to the PPs, ASPs and invited stakehold- ers. This event took place online on March 25th 2021, being organized by the Leader of WP7 in collaboration with the Project Leader, Scientific Coordinator, as well as the Leaders of the 3 Test Area’s and the Leader of the Sampling Working Group.

Using the experience gained during the sampling done in Drava, Upper Tisa and South Danube Test Areas, recommendations were given regarding the depths for sampling suspended, bottom and floodplain sediments, as well as the tools to be used.

Manuals were made for this purpose and they are attached to the present report. They contain the design of sampling, the recommended tools, the equipment for measuring water and sediment physical properties, the rules for sample labeling, storing and transport, and safety rules.

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3. SAMPLED BASELINE STATIONS IN SIMONA COUNTRIES

3.1 AUSTRIA

The information regarding the Austrian national baseline monitoring stations is shown in Table 1 (chapter 2). An overview map of these stations is given by Fig. 3.1.1.

Fig. 3.1.1: Location of Austrian sediment sampling stations

3.1.1. Donau - Hainburg

The sampling location Donau - Hainburg is one of the Austrian national surveillance monitoring sites where bottom sediment quality and surface water quality are monitored. It is part of the Trans National Monitoring Network – TNMN (SM1, SM2). It is situated at the Danube River near the Austrian town of Hainburg and near the border to Slovakia. Fig. 3.1.2 shows the national surveillance monitoring sites and the SIMONA sampling sites for AT01.

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Fig. 3.1.2: Map of sampling sites AT01

At the site AT01, eight samples were taken for the SIMONA project. These samples include two suspended sediment samples, two bottom sediment samples and four floodplain samples (Table 2).

Suspended sediment samples

One suspended sediment sample (AT01SS BOX) was collected with a sediment box (Fig. 3.1.3 left) suspended in the river at a depth of 0.58 cm for 13 days (Fig. 3.1.3 right). One additional suspended sediment sample (AT01SS BARREL) was extracted with a PVC pump (In Situ WaSP P5) suspended in the river (Fig. 3.1.4 left) and filled into large plastic barrels with a LDPE tube.(Fig. 3.1.4 right). The depth of the pump varied with the river flow rate, sometimes being immersed at 60 cm depth, sometimes being lifted to 20 cm below the water table. The four photographs of the site AT01SS are shown in Fig. 3.1.5.

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Table 2. Austrian national samples AT01 taken for the SIMONA project

itude

location Long WGS84 Lat WGS84 sediment type sample number date time sample volume/ weight sanmple method sample container Hainburg 16.9378144 48.1482086 suspended AT01SS 14.04.2021 48L barrel 2 x 25L sediment BARREL 10:30 system plastic container Hainburg 16.9378144 48.1482086 suspended AT01SS 14.04.2021 32.4L sediment 11 x 3L sediment BOX 09:30 box glass bottles Hainburg 16.9718547 48.1723875 bottom AT01BS01 14.04.2021 1.2kg scoop 2 x 1L sediment 13:00 system glass bottle Hainburg 16.9791222 48.1697336 bottom AT01BS02 14.04.2021 0.9kg scoop 2 x 1L sediment 13:45 system glass bottle Hainburg 16.9880031 48.1650672 floodplain AT01FS1TS 14.04.2021 0.6kg spade & 1 x 1L sediment 14:15 knife sys- glass bot- tem tle Hainburg 16.9880031 48.1650672 floodplain AT01FS1BS 14.04.2021 0.6kg spade & 1 x 1L sediment 14:15 knife sys- glass bot- tem tle Hainburg 16.9946369 48.1611753 floodplain AT01FS2TS 14.04.2021 1.1kg spade & 1 x 5L sediment 15:00 knife sys- glass bot- tem tle Hainburg 16.9946369 48.1611753 floodplain AT01FS2BS 14.04.2021 1.1kg spade & 1 x 5L sediment 15:00 knife sys- glass bot- tem tle

Fig. 3.1.3: Sediment box used for sample AT01SS BOX; close-up (left) and suspended in water (right)

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Fig. 3.1.4: Sediment sampling for AT01SS BARREL: pump (left) and sample container (right)

Fig. 3.1.5: Sample site AT01SS: view towards SW (top left), NE (top right), SE (bottom left) and NW (bottom right)

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Bottom sediment samples

Bottom sediment was collected at two locations, one in the active river bed (AT01BS01), and one at the site of the existing national monitoring programme, which is situated further downstream, at the riverbank slightly above the average water level (AT01BS02). Both samples were collected using a stainless-steel shovel (scoop system)

AT01BS01 was collected at a low flow rate location (Fig.3.1.6) at a water depth of 25 cm. The sample represents a 1.2 kg composite sample of five subsamples of the layer 0 - 4 cm. The sediment consist of yellow, brownish-grey silt with a low amount of clay and fine sand. Fig. 3.1.7 shows the four views from the site AT01BS01.

Fig. 3.1.6: Bottom sediment sampling at site AT01BS01

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Fig. 3.1.6: Sample site AT01BS01: view towards W (top left), N (top right), S (bottom left) and E (bottom right)

AT01BS02 was collected for comparison at the site where the Austrian national surveillance monitoring team collects bottom sediment. Flow rate at this site prohibits fine-grained sediment to settle at the river bottom. However, during high water table conditions, fine-grained sediment is deposited as a thin band intercalated/superimposed on coarse gravel (Fig. 3.1.7). The top layer (0 - 1 cm) was sampled over a stretch of 30 m, collecting 7 subsamples which resulted in a 0.9 kg composite sample of brown-grey, silty fine sand.

The four views from the site AT01BS02 are shown in Fig. 3.1.8.

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Fig. 3.1.7: Bottom sediment sampling at site AT01BS02

Fig. 3.1.8: Sample site AT01BS02: view towards E (top left), W (top right), N (bottom left) and S (bottom right)

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Floodplain sediment samples

Floodplain sediment was collected at two locations, one on grass land (AT01FS1), and one in a forest (AT01FS2). Both locations are flooded fairly regularly at approximately 6-10 year intervals; the last flood occurred in 2013. Samples were collected using the spade & knife system. An unpainted, stainless-steal spade and a stainless-steal knife were used.

The sample site AT01FS1 is at a 25 m distance from agricultural land but has not been used for agriculture during the last 60 years (Fig. 3.1.9). The distance to the riverbank equals 20 m. The topsoil sample (AT01FS1TS) was taken at a depth of 0 - 5 cm and consisted of 0.6 kg of light brown, silty fine sand. The bottom soil sample (AT01FS1BS) was taken at a depth of 40 - 45 cm and consisted of 0.6 kg of middle to light brown, silty sand. Regarding a possible distinction of flood events in the soil profile, no lamination/layering was visible in the sediment (Fig. 3.1.10).

Fig. 3.1.9: Sample site AT01FS1: view towards SE (top left), NW (top right), SW (bottom left) and NE (bottom right)

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Fig. 3.1.10: Soil profile at AT01FS1 (sampling depth marked in red - TS: 0-5 cm, BS: 40-45 cm)

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The sample site AT01FS2 is in a wooded area (Fig. 3.1.11). The distance to the riverbank equals 15 m. The topsoil sample (AT01FS2TS) was taken at a depth of 0 - 5 cm and consisted of 1.1 kg of light grey, fine sand with a low amount of silt. The bottom soil sample (AT01FS2BS) was taken at a depth of 40 - 45 cm and consisted of 1.1 kg of dark brownish grey, sandy silt. Regarding a possible distinction of flood events in the soil profile, no lamination/layering was visible in the sediment (Fig. 3.1.12).

Fig. 3.1.11: Sample site AT01FS2: view towards NW (top left), NE (top right), SW (bottom left) and SE (bottom right)

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Fig. 3.1.12: Soil profile at AT01FS2 (sampling depth marked in red - TS: 0-5 cm, BS: 40-45 cm

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3.1.2. Drau - Lavamünd

The sampling location Drau - Lavamünd is one of the Austrian national surveillance monitoring sites where bottom sediment quality and surface water quality are monitored. It is part of the Trans National Monitoring Network – TNMN (SM1, SM2). It is situated at the Drava River near the Austrian town of Lavamünd and near the border to Slovenia. Fig. 3.1.13 shows the national surveillance monitoring sites and the SIMONA sampling sites for AT02.

Fig. 3.1.13: Map of sampling sites AT02

At the site AT02, six samples were taken for the SIMONA project. These samples include two suspended sediment samples, two bottom sediment samples and two floodplain samples (Table 3).

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Table 3: Austrian national samples AT02 taken for the SIMONA project

itude

location Long WGS84 Lat WGS84 sediment type sample number date time sample volume/ weight sanmple method sample container Lavamünd 14.9556872 46.6342167 suspended AT02SS 26.04.2021 48L barrel 2 x 25L plas- sediment BARREL 12:45 system tic container Lavamünd 14.9556872 46.6342167 suspended AT02SS 26.04.2021 32.4L sediment 8 x 3L glass sediment BOX 13:15 box bottles 1 x 5L glass bottles 6 x 2L Glass bottles Lavamünd 14.9590275 46.6325625 bottom AT02BS01 26.04.2021 1kg scoop 1 x 0.5L glass sediment 15:40 system bottle Lavamünd 14.9425508 46.6401289 bottom AT02BS02 27.04.2021 0.5kg scoop 1 x 0.5L glass sediment 09:45 system bottle Lavamünd 14.9695525 46.6276864 floodplain AT02FS-TS 26.04.2021 0.5kg spade & 1 x 0.5L glass sediment 14:30 knife sys- bottle tem Lavamünd 14.9695525 46.6276864 floodplain AT02FS-BS 26.04.2021 0.5kg spade & 1 x 0.5L glass sediment 14:30 knife sys- bottle tem

Suspended sediment samples

One suspended sediment sample (AT02SS BOX) was collected with a sediment box (Fig. 3.1.14 left) suspended in the river at a depth of 1 m for 11 days (Fig. 3.1.14 right). One additional suspended sediment sample (AT02SS BARREL) was extracted with a PVC pump (In Situ WaSP P5) suspended in the river (Fig. 3.1.15 left), also at a depth of 1 m, and filled into large plastic barrels with a LDPE tube (Fig. 3.1.15 right). The four photographs of the site AT02SS are shown in Fig. 3.1.16.

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Fig. 3.1.14: Sediment box used for sample AT02SS BOX; close-up (left) and suspended in water (right)

Fig. 3.1.15: Sediment sampling for AT02SS BARREL: pump (left) and sample container (right)

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Fig. 3.1.16: Sample site AT02SS: view towards NW (top left), SE (top right), SW (bottom left) and NE (bottom right)

Bottom sediment samples

Bottom sediment was collected at two locations in the active river bed (AT02BS01 and AT02BS02). One of the sites (AT02BS02) represents the site of the existing national monitoring programme. Both samples were collected using a stainless-steel shovel (scoop system). At both sites, the riverbank constitutes a steep slope. Care was taken to exclude any local influence of slope sediment mixing with the active river bottom sediment. Further away from the riverbank, there is agricultural land (AT02BS01) or forest (AT02BS02).

AT02BS01 was collected at a water depth of 30-50 cm (Fig. 3.1.17). The sample represents a 1 kg composite sample of 5 subsamples of the layer 0 - 5 cm. The sediment consists of greyish brown to dark grey, silty fine sand. Fig. 3.1.18 shows the four views from the site AT02BS01.

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Fig. 3.1.17: Bottom sediment sampling for AT02BS01

Fig. 3.1.18: Sample site AT02BS01: view towards NW (top left), SE (top right), NE (bottom left) and SW (bottom right)

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AT02BS02 was collected for comparison at the site where the Austrian national surveillance monitoring team collects bottom sediment (Fig. 3.1.19). The top layer (0 - 5 cm) was sampled over a stretch of 20 m at a water depth of 30 cm, collecting 4 subsamples which resulted in a 0.5 kg composite sample of light greyish brown fine sand. At this site, two little streams flow into the river from the south.

The four views from the site AT02BS02 are shown in Fig. 3.1.20.

Fig. 3.1.19: Bottom sediment sampling for AT02BS02

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Fig. 3.1.20: Sample site AT02BS02: view towards NW (top left), SE (top right), NE (bottom left) and SW (bottom right)

Floodplain sediment samples

All floodplains along the Drau River near Lavamünd are used for agriculture. Only overbank sediment could be collected. The location is situated in a forest on a 15 - 20 m wide overbank, 2.5 m above the river (Fig. 3.1.21). The riverbank has been flooded three times in the period 2004 – 2017; the last flood occurred in 2014. Samples were collected using the spade & knife system. An unpainted, stainless-steal spade and a stainless-steal knife were used.

For the sample AT02FS, three holes were dug over a stretch of 8.25 m and at a distance of 9 m to the river. The profile (Fig. 3.1.22.) shows a top layer of gravelly sand with root pieces (0 - 14 cm) overlying a layer of silty, gravelly, slightly micaceous sand. The top layer was missing at one of the holes. At a depth of 25 cm, a black horizon is visible (Fig. 3.1.22). Therefore, both the topsoil and the bottomsoil samples were taken within the top 25 cm. No individual flood events could be dis- tinguished in the soil profile.

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The topsoil sample (AT02FS-TS) was taken from two of the three holes at a depth of 0 - 5 cm, and consisted of 0.5 kg of medium to dark brown, fine sand with a small amount of very coarse sand. The bottom soil sample (AT02FS-BS) was taken from all three holes at a depth of 15 - 25 cm, and consisted of 0.5 kg of medium brown, fine sand.

Fig. 3.1.21: Sediment sample site AT02FS: view towards NW (top left), SE (top right), SW (bottom left) and NE (bottom right)

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Fig. 3.1.22: Soil profile at AT02FS (sampling depth marked in red - TS: 0-5 cm, BS: 15-25 cm)

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3.2. BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

The national baseline monitoring stations selected for Bosnia and Herzegovina are Karanovac on the Spreča River (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Rudanka on the Bosna River (Re- publika Srpska).

Sampling was performed on April 27 and 28, 2021. Samples of floodplain sediments, bottom sediments and suspended sediments were taken at both sites. Floodplain sediments were sampled from the corners and middle of a square whose side is 10 meters long. The samples are composite, taken in 5 places from a depth of 0-5 cm (top sediments) and 40-50 cm (bottom sediments). Sus- pended sediments were taken directly from the river, 2-3 meters from the shore. At both sites, samples were taken of 30 liters of water placed in barrels. When the sediment from the water settled in the barrels, 2 liters of water from the bottom of the barrel were taken for analysis. Bot- tom sediments were sampled from 5 sites from the bottom of the river along the shore. From these 5 samples, one composite sample was made. Bottom sediment samples were taken at a length of 250 meters. After sampling, composite samples of floodplain sediments and bottom sediments were packed in glass jars. Samples of suspended sediments, when the sediment in the barrels settled to the bottom, were poured into plastic bottles of 2 liters. All samples were labeled, placed in portable refrigerators and transported to an accredited laboratory in Budapest. Once the neces- sary analyzes have been performed, half of each sample will be submitted to a selected national laboratory in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

3.2.1. BH-1 (FEDERATION OF B&H), Spreča, Karanovac

Karanovac site was selected near the place where the automatic hydrological station on the river Spreča is located. Due to the selection of the most favorable sampling terrain, the site is located about 350 meters upstream (and south) of the hydrological station.

Fig.3.2.1: Part of the team that performed sampling on the Karanovac site

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Sampling was performed on the right bank of the river Spreča. The average annual flow of the river Spreča at this place is 29.2 m3/s. The maximum annual flow is 181 m3/s, which causes fre- quent floods. The surface of the Spreča river basin upstream from the Karanovac site is 1828 km2. The sampling point was selected due to the different quality of sediments from different natural/geomorphological conditions and land use. In addition, upstream of the sampling point, there are a number of industrial plants as well as coal mines.

Fig.3.2.2: The Karanovac site on the right bank of the river Spreča (part)

Sampling was performed in cloudy weather. The river Spreča was moderately turbid. The bank of the river Spreča is quite steep in this part of the course, which made it difficult for the team to access the river and take sediment samples from the river bottom. Near the shore was mostly a thin layer of soft sediment at the bottom of the river, but the team managed to take samples.

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Fig.3.2.3: Google Earth image with the location of the Rudanka site where the sampling positions of floodplain sediments (FS), suspended sediments (SS) and bottom sediments (BS) are marked

Fig. 3.2.4: Measurement of electrical conductivity of water in a sample from the river Spreča

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SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Composite (consisting of 5 subsamples) floodplain samples are taken from a depth of 0 to 5 cm (topsoil sediments) and 40 to 50 cm (bottom soil sediments). Samples were taken with a spatula.

Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Topsoil sediments taken from excavated holes with floodplain consist of sandy brown soil.

Fig. 3.2.5: Digging a hole from which samples of floodplain sediments will be taken on the Kara- novac site

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Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Samples of bottom soil sediments from the floodplain at the Karanovac site were taken from a depth of 40 to 50 cm. They contain more sand compared to top sediments.

Fig. 3.2.6: Sampling of bottom soil sediments from the floodplain on the Karanovac site

Suspended sediments in the Spreča

A sample of water for suspended sediment on the Karanovac site was taken in one place. In a suitable place, where the water was not deeper than 60 centimeters, a plastic barrel caught 30 liters of water from the river Spreča. Suspended sediments settled from the water overnight at the bottom of the barrel. In the morning, water was sucked out of the barrel by means of a hose. Only two liters of water were left with sediment at the bottom. That remaining water with sediment was poured into a 2-liter plastic bottle, labeled and transported to the laboratory for analysis.

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Fig. 3.2.7: A plastic barrel filled with 30 liters of water to be used for the analysis of suspended sediment.

Bottom sediments in the Spreča

Bottom sediments on the Karanovac site were taken from the bottom of the Spreča River one to two meters from the shore. The depth of water at the sampling points was 40-60 cm. The thickness of the bottom sediments at the sampling points was relatively small (10-20 cm). We could not take samples from greater depths due to the relatively steep shore and because we did not perform sampling from the boat (we do not have a boat, and we did not have anyone to rent it from).

A total of 5 subsamples were taken, of which one composite sample was made. Samples were taken in a 250-meter-long zone.

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Fig. 3.2.8: Detail from the Karanovac site, just before taking one of the five composite samples of bottom sediment

Fig. 3.2.9: Marked samples of sediments and water from the Karanovac site, prepared for packag- ing in a portable cooler and for transport to the laboratory in Budapest

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3.2.2. BH-2 (REPUBLIKA SRPSKA), Bosna, Rudanka

Rudanka sampling site is located on the left bank of the river Bosna, 100 m east of Water pumping station. The sampling site was chosen because of the large number of potential industrial pollu- tants located upstream. There are also numerous coal mines and some metals whose pollution reaches the Bosna River through its tributaries.

Fig.3.2.10: The Rudanka site on the left bank of the river Bosna

Fig.3.2.11: The team that performed sampling on the Rudanka site.

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Fig.3.2.12: Google Earth image with the location of the Rudanka site where the sampling positions of Floodplain sediments (FS), Suspended sediments (SS) and Bottom sediments (BS) are marked

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the right bank of the river Spreča in 5 holes digged by shovel and spade.

Fig.3.2.13: The team is working on digging holes in the floodplain along the river Bosna from which samples will be taken for analysis

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The floodplain 40-50 meters from the bank of the river Bosna was chosen as the place for sampling floodplain sediments. The level of the floodplain is elevated above the river level by about 4 meters.

Fig. 3.2.14: Soil profile in the floodplain along the river Bosna on the Rudanka site

In the holes dug for sampling it can be seen that the soil is sandy. Macroscopically, the granulo- metric composition of sand grains does not change along the entire profile of the hole from top to bottom. The color of the soil is grayish-brown and is uniform from the ground surface to a depth of 50 cm. Only in the upper 10-15 cm a slightly higher percentage of decomposed and rotten remains of plant material is observed. The roots of plants, primarily grass, reach at least to a depth of 50 cm.

Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

A total of 5 subsamples of top soil were taken from the holes dug at the corners and in the center of the square whose side is 10 meters. One composite sample was made from them. The sample contains a lot of fine sand, very little clay, some humus and decayed parts of plants. It has a thin root that is mostly made of grass.

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Fig. 3.2.15: Sampling of topsoil sediments (0-5 cm depth) with a metal spatula from the floodplain at the Rudanka site

Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Samples of bottom soil sediments from the floodplain at the Rudanka site were taken from a depth of 40 to 50 cm. Samples were taken from the same holes as the topsoil samples. One composite sample was obtained from five subsamples.

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Fig. 3.2.16: Sampling of bottom soil sediments (40-50 cm depth) from the floodplain at the Ru- danka site

Suspended sediments in the Bosna

A water sample for the analysis of suspended sediments was also taken on the Rudanka site. A sample of 30 liters of water was taken directly from the river with a plastic barrel. The water at the sampling site was 40-60 cm deep. The water remained in the barrel overnight, and the suspended sediment settled to the bottom. In the morning, the excess water is sucked off the surface with the help of hoses, without stirring the water. The two liters of water that remained at the bottom of the barrel together with the deposited sediment were poured into a plastic bottle. It is a sample that is sent for analysis.

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Fig. 3.2.17: Water sampling for analysis of suspended sediments from the Bosna River on the Ru- danka site

Bottom sediments in the Bosna

Bottom sediments at the Rudanka site were taken from the bottom of the Bosna River one to five meters from the shore. The depth of water at the sampling sites was 25-50 cm. The thickness of the bottom sediments at the sampling points was different at individual points and ranged from 10 to 30 cm. We didn’t have a boat so we could not take samples from greater depths farther from shore. A total of 5 subsamples were taken, of which one composite sample was made. Samples were taken in a 250-meter-long zone.

The color of the subsamples of bottom sediments ranges from gray-brown to dark gray. They contain a lot of mud and rotten plant remains. There is also fine sand with a few grains of gravel. They smell like mud.

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Fig. 3.2.18: Sampling of bottom sediments of the river Bosna at one of the points of the Rudanka site

Fig. 3.2.19: Marked samples of sediments and water from the Rudanka site, prepared for packag- ing in a portable cooler and for transport to the laboratory in Budapest

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3.3. BULGARIA

The national baseline monitoring stations selected for Bulgaria are shown on Fig. 1 and in Table 1 and consist of:

 1 transnational sampling point/transect (RO/BG) at Danube River at Silistra (Bulgaria);  1 sampling point at Yantra River at Karantsi.

Details on selection and design of the sites are given in the TABLE OF SAMPLING SITES PROVID- ING DETAILS for DRB baseline network - 2 sampling points for Bulgaria (Deliverable 3.2.2). Both sampling points are monitored by the Bulgarian Water Authorities (MoEW, assisted by the DRBD and the Executive Environment Agency - ExEA) for water (monthly) and bottom sediments (once per 3 years) as a part of the surveillance monitoring progam. They are also part of the Trans Na- tional Monitoring Network (TNMN).

A pre-sampling survey was carried out in October 2020 by GI-BAS team and different sampling techniques were tested at low water level. Floodplain sediments were collected at the left Romanian bank opposite Silistra site by the IGR SIMONA PP, in order to avoid possible travel restrictions due to the COVID pandemic.

The baseline network (BN) sampling at the two BG points was performed by the GI-BAS PP during the SIMONA BN sampling campaingn on April, 21-23rd, 2021. Bottom and suspended sediment samples were also taken from a boat by the Romanian IGR PP and its subcontractor INHGA along the profile Silistra-Calarasi (Chichiu) (Fig. 3.3.A) on 26.04.2021. The sampling followed strictly the unified BN sampling methodology for all SIMONA partner countries that were presented and discussed during the training event on March, 25th, 2021. Sampling equipment, performance, coding and transport of samples were in accordance with the reccommendation of the Guidence documents, provided by the scientific coordinator and the WP7 management.

Fig.3.3.A: Google Earth image with the location of Silistra old port (sampled by GI-BAS) and the ANAR TNMN points for sediment monitoring, IGR profile for suspended and bottom sediment sampling and the location of the middle/midstream point for IGR floodplain sediment sampling

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3.3.1. Danube, Silistra, old port of Silistra

The site is located about 20-50 m to the E of the old port of Silistra on the right Bulgarian bank of Danube R. A hydro-meteorological station for monitoring is situated next to the port administra- tive building. Just next to the east, the right Bulgarian bank of the river is well accessible and offers excellent conditions for sampling of bottom and floodplain sediments. Sufficient quantity of fine fractions are available, as well as fishing boats if one needs to sample away from the waterfront. The river has high turbidity and is appropriate for suspended sediment sampling with specialized equipment.

The landscape at the sampling site was photographically documented (Fig. 3.3.1.1). The working place was preconditioned for sampling, whereas all equipment and consumables (jars, gloves, etc.) were put on a cover to be ease accessible and keep them clean (Fig. 3.3.1.2). Composite (consisting of 3 sub-samples) bottom samples were taken with scoop (Fig. 3.3.1.3). Composite (consisting of 3 sub-samples) floodplain samples - top-soil (TS; the uppermost 5 cm) and bottom soil (BS; from the lowermost 40-50 cm of the hole section) are taken with scoop and spade/shovel (Figs. 3.3.1.4 and 3.3.1.5). Afterwards, the holes were refilled and covered (Fig. 3.3.1.6).

A 20 L barrel was filled directly with Danube water for separation of suspended sediment from approximately 30% of the water column below the surface (Fig. 3.3.1.7).

The river water turbidity was measured with Secchi disk (Fig. 3.3.1.8). Water physical and chemical variables (EC, pH, Eh, and temperature) were measured, and all the information was documented in the field-sheet.

Fig. 3.3.1.1: Landscape image of the Silistra site near the old port, right Bulgarian bank, with view to the port of Calarasi on the left Romanian bank.

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Fig. 3.3.1.2: Setting the work place

Fig. 3.3.1.3: Sampling bottom sediment with a scoop

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Fig. 3.3.1.4: (left) Sampling of top-soil (TS) floodplain sediments from the upper 5 cm in the pit; and 3.3.1.5: (right) Sampling of bottom soil (BS) from the lower 40-50 cm in the hole.

Fig. 3.3.1.6: Refilling and covering of the holes after floodplain sediment sampling

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Fig. 3.3.1.7: Suspended sediment sampling with a 20 L barrel at Silistra old port, Bulgarian right bank

Fig. 3.3.1.8: Turbidity measurement with Secchi disk at Silistra old port, Bulgarian right bank

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CALARASI (CHICIU)

The corresponding site on the Romanian bank of the Danube River was sampled in autumn 2020 for floodplain sediments in order to have a complete profile.

The suspended and bottom sediments were sampled in April 2021 by IGR subcontractor (INHGA), as it was agreed at the workshop in Sofia, October 2019.

Fig. 3.3.1.9: Inclined gauge at Chiciu (Calarasi), at the monitoring station

Fig. 3.3.1.10: Floodplain of the left bank of the Danube River, at Chiciu (Calarasi), opposite Silistra

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Fig. 3.3.1.11: Five cm thick, dry sand topsoil, on 15 cm oxidized brownish sand covering 30 cm thick gray sandy loam (left). Another hole digged in the floodplain, showing brown sand covering finely laminated gray sandy loam (right).

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the left bank of the Danube in 5 holes digged by shovel and spade.

Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Dry, light coloured fine, micaceous, loose sand.

Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

The uppermost 15 cm consist of wet, oxidized, brown, fine micaceous sand. Downwards, the bottom sediment is bluish-gray. It is a finely laminated sandy loam, containing also narrow laminae of black, triturated vegetal material, as well as large patches of incarbonized vegetal matter. The sample was collected from this bluish-gray, chemically reduced sandy loam at 40-50 cm depth.

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Suspended sediments in the Danube

Collected at three depths, in the each of the three sampling points along Silistra – Calarasi (Chiciu) Profile (left, center, right).

At each vertical of the Silistra - Calarasi (Chiciu) Profile (left, center, right), the suspended sediment was collected using a submersible pump and collecting 30 L of water at 0.5 m below water surface; 30 L at middle depth; and 30 L at 0.5 m above river bottom (see Field Observation Sheets), resulting a composite sample of 90 L, left 24 hours for suspended sediment settling. Practically, there were used one white, 60 L barrel and one green 30 L barrel. After 24 hours, the supernatant was removed and 8 L of water with concentrated suspension were collected in plastic bottles at each vertical.

Fig. 3.3.1.12: Danube at the selected three verticals along the Silistra-Calarasi (Chiciu) Profile (left, center, right)

Fig. 3.3.1.13: Sumersible pump ready for launching (left); Pumping water into the a 60 L barrel (right)

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Fig. 3.3.1.14: Infilled barrels with pumped water (green barrel 30 L, white barrel 60 L) on vessel deck

Bottom sediments in the Danube

Collected from the uppermost 5 cm of the river bottom, in the each of the three sampling points along along Silistra – Calarasi (Chiciu) Profile (left, center, right).

The bottom sediment was collected by a 250 cm2 Van Veen grab, launched by a manual-driven winch.

There were collected one sample, a replicate and a duplicate, for each vertical (left, center, right).

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Fig. 3.3.1.15: Bottom sediment sampled by Van Veen grab (upper left); Filling the jars by scoop (upper right); Measuring physical properties of sediment (lower left); Sediment-filled jars (bottom right): as an example, three samples extracted from the center of the Silistra – Calarasi Profile.

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3.3.2. Yantra at Karantsi

The sediment sampling point is located at Yantra River, cca. 50 km before the confluence with the Danube, about 300 m W of Karantsi village. An area on the left bank of Yantra River close to the bridge located to the west of Karantsi village (on the way to Polski Trambesh) is well accessible and has a sufficient amount of fine bottom and active floodplain sediments. The river has usually low turbidity (as in October, 2020 during the pre-sampling survey), however in April, 2021 after a rainy period it was highly turbid and appropriate for suspended sediment sampling with specialized equipment.

The landscape at the sampling site was photographically documented (Fig. 3.3.2.1). The working place was prepared for the sampling, whereas all equipment and consumables (jars, gloves, etc.) were put on a cover to be ease accessible. Composite bottom samples (consisting of 3 sub-samples) were taken with scoop (Fig. 3.3.2.2). Composite floodplain samples - top-soil (TS; the top 5 cm) and bottom soil (BS; from the bottom 40-50 cm of the hole) consisting of 3 sub-samples each are taken with scoop and spade/shovel (Figs 3.3.2.3 and 4). Afterwards, the holes were refilled and covered.

A 20 L barrel was filled directly from Yantra River for separation of suspended sediment from approximately 30% of the water column below the surface (Fig. 3.3.2.5).

The river water turbidity was measured with Secchi disc (Fig. 3.3.2.6). Water physical and chemical variables (EC, pH, Eh, and temperature) were measured and the information was documented in the field-sheet (Fig. 3.3.2.7). Finally, all jars were labeled (Fig. 3.3.2.8) and put in a cool-box for transportation.

Fig. 3.3.2.1: Landscape images of the sampling point: the left bank of Yantra River at the bridge, to the W of Karantsi village, and the right bank (in the back): a view from the bridge durig the BN sampling on April, 21st, 2021.

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Fig. 3.3.2.2: BG-BN bottom sediment sampling with scoop at Yantra site

Fig. 3.3.2.3: (left) Sampling top-soil (TS) floodplain sediments from the top 5 cm of the hole; and 3.3.2.4: (right) Sampling bottom soil (BS) from the bottom 40-50 cm of the pit.

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Fig. 3.3.2.5: Suspended sediment sampling with a 20 L barrel at Yantra River at Karantsi site

Fig. 3.3.2.6: Measurement of the turbidity with Secchi disk

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Fig. 3.3.2.7: Left: measurement of the physical and chemical status of the water at Yantra site and filling in the field sheet. Right: labeling the jars with the sediment samples

MAIN CONCLUSIONS AND EXPERIENCE GAINED

Good condition for sediment sampling of the two baseline network points of Yantra at Karantsi and Danube at Silistra old port were established.

For the feature surveillance monitoring of the floodplain sediments (after the baseline sampling), the recommendation of the SIMONA sampling protocol for the top 20 cm (taken either with auger sampler or shovel) could be followed and applied.

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3.4 CROATIA

The locations of both national baseline monitoring stations previously selected for Croatia (1 sampling point at the CRO/SLO border on the River Sava near places Jesenice (Slovenia) and Drenje (Croatia) and 1 transnational sampling point/transect at the CRO/B&H border on the River Sava near places Županja (Croatia) and Orašje (Bosnia and Herzegovina)) have been changed. The new sampling sites were set: 1 sampling site on the River Sutla near Kumrovec, at the CRO/SLO border, and 1 sampling site near the confluence of the River Drava and the River Danube at the CRO/SRB border (Table 1; Figs. 3.4.1. and 3.4.2.).

The fieldwork was carried out under unfavorable weather conditions; during high water level, very fast and turbulent water flow during a rainy period (12th – 14th April 2021). At the previously selected sites, it was possible to sample overbank/floodplain and suspended sediments, but sampling of stream/bottom sediment was only possible by boat. Due to above mentioned conditions, sampling sites were changed.

The fieldwork was performed by SIMONA teams from the PP Croatian Geological Survey (HR-HGI- CGS) and the ASP Croatian Waters (HR-CW-HV).

Fig. 3.4.1: Sampling stations in Croatia (yellow marked are old proposed sites, green marked are newly proposed and sampled sites)

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Fig. 3.4.2: The proposed monitoring sampling sites: (left) the River Sava near Jesenice at the CRO/SLO border; (right) the River Sava near Županja at the CRO/B&H border

At the newly arranged sampling sites, composite samples were collected of overbank/floodplain sediments (at two depths, 0-5 cm and 40-50 cm) by shovel, stream/bottom sediments by scoop and suspended sediments by barrel system. The pH, water electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature of water were measured. More detailed sample description can be found in the Field Observation sheets for sediment sampling (attached).

Collected samples were stored and transported in refrigerator to the BálintAnalitika Laboratory in Hungary on the 15th of April 2021.

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3.4.1. Sampling site on the River Sutla near Kumrovec at the border of Croatia and Slovenia

Fig. 3.4.3: The new determined monitoring sampling site on the River Sutla at the border of Croatia and Slovenia

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Fig. 3.4.4: Sampling of overbank/floodplain sediments Fig. 3.4.5: Sampling of stream/bottom sediment

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Fig. 3.4.6: Sampling of overbank/floodplain sediment – removing top organic layer (grass)

Fig. 3.4.7 Measuring pH, EC and temperature Fig. 3.4.8 Sampling of suspended sediment by barrel system

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3.4.2. Sampling site near the confluence of the River Drava and the River Danube at the border of Croata and Serbia

Fig. 3.4.9: The newly arranged monitoring sampling site on the River Drava at the border of Croa- tia and Serbia

Fig. 3.4.10: Sampling of overbank/floodplain sediments

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Fig. 3.4.11: Sampling of stream/bottom sediment Fig. 3.4.12: Measuring pH, EC and temperature

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Fig. 3.4.13: Sampling of suspended sediment by barrel system Fig. 3.4.14:Washing sampling equipment

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Figs. 3.4.15 a, b: Samples prepared for transport

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Fig. 3.4.16: Sampling teams from the HR-HGI-CGS and the HR-CW-HV (from left side: Danijel Ivanišević, Ana Čaić Janković, Ajka Šorša (the HR-HGI-CGS) and Neven Bujas, Đorđa Medić, Jas- mina Antolić (HR-CW-HV))

Conclusion

The both previously proposed sampling sites are part of the Trans National Monitoring Network (TNMN). The first site is on the left bank of the River Sava, near Slovenian town Jesenice and Cro- atian town Drenje. The second site is located downstream of the Croatian town of Županja and near Bosnian town of Orašje on the River Sava. Responsible for monitoring at these sites are Cro- atian Waters and type of monitoring is TNMN Surveillance Monitoring II.

In spite of the growing number of positive COVID-19 cases and poor weather conditions, the sampling was performed in given deadlines according to the SIMONA project. Idealy, the proposed sampling sites should be sampled in cooperation with colleges from Slovenia and Bosnia and Her- zegovina, respectively. Since the goal of the project is to show the sampling procedure for different types of sediment, the sampling was carried out at the backup locations, on the Rivers Sutla and Drava with active participitation of the ASP Croatian Waters.

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3.5. CZECH REPUBLIC

Sampling points were selected with respect to different quality of sediments from the different natural/geomorphological condition and land use. We regularly monitor quantity of suspended solids (daily collection of sample) and quality of: sediment (twice per year), suspended solids (4 times per year), passive sampling of polar organic compounds - POCIS (twice per year) and biota (once per year) at selected sites. Also water gauging stations are situated close to these sampling sites. The samples were collected at both localities on 27.4.2021, and before 24 h the samples were transferred to the laboratory in Hungary by courier (due to travel restriction caused by covid 19).

3.5.1. Lanžhot - Morava River

The first sampling point was situated close to Lanžhot town – approximately 2.5 Km upstream from gauging station Lanžhot, respectively (Fig. 3.5.1). We collected several types of samples (bottom sediments, suspended sediments by pump and by centrifuge and floodplain sediments) in this national sampling point (Fig. 3.5.2). Firstly we collected the bottom sediments using the stainless scoop. The finest sediment was collected from top 3 cm of layer (Fig. 3.5.3). The sample was relatively homogenous, brown-green colored with very fine sand to silt texture. After the disturbed sediment flowed off, we collected the suspended sediment (30L volume) using 12 V pump (Fig. 3.5.4), The sample was collected at approximately 4 m from the river bank (the person taking the samples was distanced 1 m from the river bank and 3 m were the staff/rod with pump and hose). The floodplain sediments (TS: 0 – 5 cm and BS: 40 -50 cm) sediments were collected from 4 composite subsamples; the distance from first and the last soil pits was 28m (Fig. 3.5.5). In the end of sampling we collected extra sample of suspended solids using the centrifuge (Fig. 3.5.2.6). The mass of the sample was 74g per filtrated/centrifuged 4.9 m3 of water.

Fig.3.5.1: The map of the first national sampling point - Morava River – Lanžhot

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Fig.3.5.2: The Morava River – Lanžhot. This part of river is canalized and with relative high artificial banks; nevertheless the river can flood the plain and the forest in the background.

Fig.3.5.3: Sampling of bottom sediment with stainless scoop

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Fig.3.5.4: Sampling of suspended sediments using a 12V battery pump

Fig.3.5.5: The samples of floodplain sediments (left - TS and BS sample, right – soil pit)

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Fig.3.5.6: The extra sample of suspended solids collected by centrifuge

Fig.3.5.7: Measuring water physical parameters

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3.5.2. Troubky - Bečva River

The second national sampling point was situated in Bečva River close to Troubky town, approximately 2Km downstream from gauging station (Fig.3.5.8). We collected 5 types of sample (bottom sediment from river, suspended sediment by pump, suspended sediment by centrifuge and both floodplain sediments: bottom and top, Fig.3.5.9). Similarly as the first point, we started collecting bottom sediment close to river bank using a stainless steel scoop (Fig.3.5.10). After the disturbed sediments flowed off, we collected the suspended sediment (30L volume) using a 12 V pump (Fig.3.5.11). The sample was collected approximately 4 m from the river bank (the person taking the samples was distanced 1 m from the river bank and 3 m were staff/rod with pump and hose). The floodplain sediments (TS: 0 – 5 cm and BS: 40 -50 cm) were collected from 3 subsamples; distance from first and the last soil pits was 21m (Fig.3.5.12). Additionally, in the end of the sampling campaign, we collected an extra sample of suspended solids using a mobile centrifuge (Fig. 3.5.13). The mass of the sample was 40g per filtered/centrifuged 4.0 m3 of water (Fig.3.5.13).

Fig.3.5.8: The map of the second nationl sampling point, Bečva River – Troubky

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Fig.3.5.9: The Bečva River – Troubky. This part of river is also canalized with relative high artificial banks; nevertheless the river can flood agricultural fields.

Fig.3.5.10: Sampling of bottom sediment using a stainless scoop

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Fig.3.5.11: Sampling of suspended sediments using a 12V pump (according to SIMONA guidance)

Fig.3.5.12: Sampling of floodplain sediments

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Fig.3.5.13: Sampling suspended sediments using a portable centrifuge.

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3.6. HUNGARY

The national baseline monitoring stations selected for Hungary are shown in Table 1 (chapter 2).

3.6.1. Csenger

3.6.2. Barcs

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3.7. REPUBLIC OF MOLDAVIA

The national baseline monitoring stations selected for The Republic of Moldovia are shown in Ta- ble 1 (chapter 2).

3.7.1. Criva on Prut

3.7.2. Slobozia Mare

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3.8. MONTENEGRO

Systematic examination of surface and underground waters quality on Montenegro territory is done in the Institute of Hydrometeorology and Seismology of Montenegro (IHMS) and Geological survey of Montenegro (GSM) in accordance with the Program of systematic examination of water quality and quantity in Montenegro, which brings the competent Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD). By this Program there is defined the network of stations for water quality, as well as scope, kind and frequency of analysis of water quality.

The monitoring of surface and underground water quality is done on network stations for water quality, which encompass sampling, physico-chemical and biological-saprobiological analysis, hy- drobiological water analysis, as well as hydromorphological screening since 2020, aiming to de- termine authoritative indicators of water quality. We decided to choose sampling sites for DRB baseline network in existing monitoring stations (Gradac-Ćehotina river and Dobrakovo-Lim river).

The suspended, bottom and floodplain sediments were sampled in May 2021 by GSM in almost hydrological maximum. The samples will be analyzed in Balint Analytics Laboratory in Hungary, where they are stored in refrigerators. The water from the suspended sediment sample was partly decanted and the rest was transferred in 3 L bottles and sent also to the accredited Hungarian laboratory.

3.8.1. Gradac - Ćehotina river

The Ćehotina River originates from the Stožer Mountain. It is the second largest tributary of Drina after the Lim River. It is composed of Koraci and Brezovski streams. Tributaries of the Ćehotina River are Korička, Maočnica, Vezišnica and Voloder. Area of the Ćehotina River basin to the Hy- drological Stations Gradac is 809.8 km2. Its length is 128.5 km. Hydrological stations at the Ćehotina River are Ćirovići (became operational in 1978), Pljevlja (1948) and Gradac (1963).

The sampling point is located on the left bank of river Ćehotina, near the village Gradac. In addition, upstream of the sampling point, there is the thermal power plant, which is situated outside Pljevlja city as well as the biggest coal mine with 100% of the coal production in Montenegro. Agriculture is widespread in the whole municipality of city Pljevlja. The water measuring stations with hydrological station is located near this sampling point, but unfortunately hydrological station it was not in operation at the time of sampling.

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Fig.3.8.1: The Gradac site, left bank at river Ćehotina

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the left bank of the river Ćehotina in 5 holes digged by shovel and spade.

Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Dust to clay material, greasy to semi-greasy, dark brown in color.

Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Gravel to sandy material, with limestone pebbles and cherts, the clayey binder, a light brown color.

Bottom sediments in the Ćehotina

Collected from the uppermost 5 cm of the river bottom, in the each of the fifth sampling points along profile Gradac.

Suspended sediments in the Ćehotina

Collected at one depth.

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Fig.3.8.2: Floodplain sampling at Gradac site, river Ćehotina

Fig.3.8.3: Bottom sampling at Gradac site, river Ćehotina

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Fig.3.8.4: Suspends sampling at Gradac site, river Ćehotina

3.8.2. Dovrakovo - Lim river

Lim River is the most important Montenegrin river from the hydrographic point of view in Danube catchments area. It flows out of the Lake Plav. Area of the Lim River basin to Dobrakovo is 2880 km2. Its length is 234.2 km. Observations and measuring are currently performed at the stations: Plav, Andrijevica, Zaton, Berane, Bijelo Polje and Dobrakovo. With regard to the above hydrological station, the Hyd-met Institute has been keeping a long set of data (about 50 years).

The sampling point is located on the left bank of river Lim, near the village Dobrakovo. In addition, upstream of the sampling point, there is the city Bijelo Polje. The water measuring stations with hydrological station is located near this sampling point. Possible pollution from industrial and agricultural activity.

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Fig.3.8.5: The Dobrakovo site, left bank at river Lim

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the left bank of the river Lim in 5 holes digged by shovel and spade.

Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Fine-grained sand, of different composition (quartz, pieces of hornblende, limestone, sericite grains, clasts up to 1 mm (angular to semi-rounded)), a light grey colour.

Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Also, fine-grained sand, of different composition (quartz, pieces of hornblende, limestone, sericite grains, clasts up to 1 mm (angular to semi-rounded)), a light grey colour.

Bottom sediments in the Lim

Collected from the uppermost 5 cm of the river bottom, in the each of the fifth sampling points along profile Dobrakovo.

Suspended sediments in the river Lim

Collected at one depth.

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Fig.3.8.6: Floodplain sampling at Dobrakovo site, river Lim

Fig.3.8.7: Bottom sampling at Dobrakovo site, river Lim

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Fig.3.8.8: Suspended sediment sampling at Dobrakovo site, river Lim

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3.9. ROMANIA

The national baseline monitoring stations selected for Romania are shown in Table 1 and consist of:

 Bazias on Danube (at the entrance of Danube in the Romanian territory)  Sulina on Danube, on the middle branch of Danube in the Delta, near the embouchure of the canal.

Both selected stations are used for the National Adminstration “Apele Române” (ANAR) for monitoring priority susbtances in water and once per year, in sediments.

A sampling survey was carried out on October 2020 by IGR team and floodplain sediments were collected on this occasion, in order to avoid possible travel restrictions due to the continuing presence of COVID pandemia in 2021.

The suspended sediments and bottom sediments were collected by subcontracting, in accordance with the rules of the Danube Transnational Programme for public procurement.

Fig. 3.9.1: The ship for collecting suspended and bottom sediments in the Danube River, property of INHGA.

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3.9.1. Bazias on Danube

Fig.3.9.2: Google Earth image with the location of ANAR sediment monitoring station, IGR profile for suspended and bottom sediment sampling and the location of the middle point for floodplain sediment sampling

Fig.3.9.3: ANAR sediment monitoring station

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Fig. 3.9.4: Grass-covered floodplain at Bazias (view towards W)

Fig. 3.9.5: Sampled floodplain sediment at Bazias (topsoil – left, bottom soil – right)

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SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the left bank of the Danube River in 5 holes digged by shovel and spade.

Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Grass-covered floodplain topsoil, consisting of: crumbly, dark-gray and brownish-gray loam, containing rare to abundant rootlets, earthworms, ants and rarely small terrestrial gastropodes (less than 1 cm).

Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Wet, unctuous, sticky bluish-grey loam with brownish degraded rush leaves and fine macerated rootlets; comonly, very fine mica flakes as thin laminae. Sometimes alternances of non-plastic, micaceous loam bands of different nuances (grey and brown) with very fine rootlets.

Suspended sediments in the Danube

Collected at three depyhs, in the each of the three sampling points along Bazias Profile (left, center, right).

At each vertical of the Bazias Profile (left, center, right), the suspended sediment was collected using a submersible pump and collecting 30 L of water at 0.5 m below water surface; 30 L at middle depth; and 30 L at 0.5 m above river bottom (see Field Observation Sheets), resulting a composite sample of 90 L, left 24 hours for suspended sediment settling. Practically, there were used one white, 60 L barrel and one green 30 L barrel. After 24 hours, the supernatant was removed and 8 L of water with concentrated suspension were collected in plastic bottles at each vertical.

Fig. 3.9.6: Bazias –left bank, km 1073 on Danube River

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Fig. 3.9.7: Centre point on Bazias Profile (view towards W)

Fig. 3.9.8: Right point on Bazias Profile (right bank of the Danube River)

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Fig. 3.9.9: Measuring the distances by the telemeter

Fig. 3.9.10: The barrels with suspended sediments for left, center and right points on Bazias Profile

Bottom sediments in the Danube

Collected from the uppermost 5 cm of the river bottom, in the each of the three sampling points along Bazias Profile (left, center, right).

The bottom sediment was collected by a 250 cm2 Van Veen grab, launched by a manual-driven winch.

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The bottom sediments were collected from several locations in order to take the actual samples, plus the duplicates and replicates. So:

-for the left point on Bazias Profile there were 2 locations:

-location 1 (in the specified section): 3-4 cm stones and shells were collected, too few material; no samples could be taken in the jar.

-location 2: the collected sample contained mud and medium and small shells; it was possible to fill the three jars.

-for the center point of the Profile there were 3 locations:

-location 1 (in the specified section): many shells were collected; they were glued, covered by mud; the shells could not be separated and no samples were taken in the jar.

-location 2: the collected sample contained shells and mud and it was possible to fill a jar.

-location 3: the collected sample contained mud and shells, from which 2 jars were filled (shells removed, but kept in plastic bags and stored in refrigerator).

-for the right point on Bazias Profile (50 m of the right bank) there were no problems in collecting bottom sediments.

All locations are described in the Field Observation Sheets.

At each Profile on the Danube the depths are recorded using the Accoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) from a small boat which crosses the river.

Fig. 3.9.12. Transversal depth profile on Danube River at Bazias, made with ADCP

It can be seen that the left bank (in Romania) has smaller depths than the centre and the right bank (in Serbia).

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3.9.2. Sulina on Danube

Fig.3.9.13: Google Earth image with the location of ANAR TNMN locations, IGR profile for suspended and bottom sediment sampling and the location of the fifth point for floodplain sediment sampling

Fig. 3.9.14: Grass-covered floodplain at Sulina (view towards W), showing the Canal on the right.

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Fig. 3.9.15: Topsoil sampled on the floodplain at Sulina, on the right bank of the Sulina Canal (selected hole– left; brownish-gray loam with abundant plant roots – right)

Fig. 3.9.16: Bottom soil sampled at Sulina (two of the five digged holes)

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SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the right bank of Sulina Canal of the Danube in 5 holes digged by shovel and spade.

Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Grass-covered floodplain topsoil, consisting of: dark-gray or brownish loam, containing rarely mica flakes, abundant long rootlets and rare reed rhizomes. The unctuous loam is sometimes slightly sandy and crumbly.

Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Dark-brown to brownish gray, plastic, mottled loam, containing frequently triturate of vegetal material, highlighted by a rusty hue. Small nacre fragments and small-shaped, various gastropods are common. When silt is present, the loam becomes stiff, non-plastic. Thin sand lenses, lighter in colour are present in the deeper parts of the sampled holes.

Suspended sediments in the Danube

Planned to be collected at three depyhs, in the each of the three sampling points along Sulina Profile (left, center, right).

The sampling of suspended sediments at Sulina will be done on 27 May 2021 by IGR’s subcontractor, the National Institute for Hydrology and Water Management (INHGA).

Bottom sediments in the Danube

Planned to be collected from the uppermost 5 cm of the river bottom, in the each of the three sampling points along Sulina Profile (left, center, right).

The sampling of bottom sediments at Sulina will be done on 27 May 2021 by IGR’s subcontractor, the National Institute for Hydrology and Water Management (INHGA).

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3.10. SERBIA

During September 2020, the collection of bottom sediment samples was conducted from two national sampling points. One of the national sampling points originally planned had to be replaced due to the fact that there was no sediment present at the originally selected site. Namely, sampling point Zemun was replaced with sampling point near Ram.

Table 4: Old and new baseline network stations in Serbia

Name of WGS Long WGS Lat Nr. Comments the site N E

sampling

Ownerof water

Responsiblefor

Existent archive

water,sediment

monitoringdata monitoringdata monitoringdata

Ownerof sediment

2. Novi Sad 45°15'30.8" 19°53'16.4" SIMONA SIMONA RS- JCWI W, S National point

4. Zemun 44°51'42.0" 20°22'52.7" SEPA SIMONA RS- JCWI W Replaced

New National 7. Ram 44°49'10.7" 21°20'22.5" SIMONA SIMONA RS- JCWI W, S point

The two sampling points were selected in accordance with the criteria set out and agreed upon by the project partners.

All of the samples were collected from a boat, shown in figure 3.10.1.

Fig.3.10.1: The boat from which samples were collected

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Prior to sediment sample collection the basic water quality parameters were measured in-situ and documented in field observation sheets. A Hach HQ40d multiparameter probe was used for these purposes. Water transparency and the exact sampling coordinates were also documented.

3.10.1. Novi Sad on Danube

Sampling point Novi Sad was selected after careful consideration. The proximity of this sampling point to the urbanized area of the city of Novi Sad makes it a point of interest, especially from the aspect of analysis of hazardous substance presence in sediment.

Fig. 3.10.2: The geographic position of sampling point Novi Sad on Google Earth images.

Fig. 3.10.3: Monitoring point Novi Sad (left). Shells and larger particles left after sediment sieving (right)

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3.10.2. Ram on Danube

Sampling point Ram was selected as it is located downstream of the capital city of Belgrade, as well as downstream of Smederevo. The sampling point is also located just prior to the confluence of the Nera River and the Danube. This an area often exposed to strong winds which often change direction and cause water turbulence which can lead to the resuspension of bottom sediments.

Fig. 3.10.4: The geographic position of sampling point Ram on Google Earth images

Fig. 3.10.5: The landscape at Ram (left). Core sample collection (right).

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3.11. SLOVAKIA

On April 26, sampling was performed at the Nitra - Chalmová site (SK-01). During the day, one sample was collected from one sampling point for suspended sediment (barrel system - small river), three composite sub-samples for floodplain sediment (separately for 0-5 cm TS and 40- 50 cm BS) - spade system applied and 5 composite sub-samples for bottom sediment (0 - 5 cm) - scoop system applied. The samples were placed in marked glass containers; they were not further treated in any way, not sieved nor homogenized. The samples were then wrapped into protective foil and stored in cooling boxes along with cooling cartridges. After the completion of sampling at the site, samples were transported to the Geoanalytical Laboratories (GAL) of SK-SGIDS in Spišská Nová Ves, where samples of suspended sediment (2 x 30L vessels) were stored in the cool environment for 24 hours for settling.

On April 27, sampling continued at the Hnilec-Jaklovce - Ružín reservoir tributary locality (SK- 02). During the day, one sample was collected from one sampling point for suspended sediment (2 x 30 L - barrel system), four composite sub-samples of floodplain sediment (each from 0-5 cm depth TS and 40 - 50 cm depth - BS, spade system applied), and 5 composite sub-samples for bottom sediment (0 - 5 cm) along the right river bank. The samples were placed in marked glass jars (containers), they were not treated in any way, not sieved nor homogenized. The samples were then wrapped in protective foil and stored in cooling boxes along with cooling cartridges. After the sampling of suspended sediment was completed, it was immediatelly transferred to the Geo- analytical Laboratories of SK-SGIDS in Spišská Nová Ves, where barrels were unloaded so that the samples could sediment for 24 hours according to the sampling protocol. Two workers remained on-site and continued sampling. After sampling, all the remaining samples were delivered to the laboratory as well and placed into the refrigerator.

Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, redox potential and dissolved oxygen were recorded for suspended and bottom sediment samples. Detailed photo documentation, in some cases video recordings were made for all sampling points. At the same time, sampling points were documented in the field sheets along with GPS coordinates. Prior to the field measurements, measuring probes were calibrated and the functionality of the technical equipment was checked.

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3.11.1. Nitra – Chalmová

Fig.3.11.1: Google Earth image with the location of Nitra – Chalmová sampling points for suspended, bottom and floodplain sediment compposite samples collection.

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the left bank of the Nitra river in 3 holes dug by picker and spade. Due to hard conditions (steep bank, trees and very time-consuming excavation), only 3 sampling pits for FS-TS and FS-BS were made.

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Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Fig.3.11.2: Top soil FS sediment collection at Nitra – Chalmová sampling site (1. sampling pit downstream photo, 2. upstream photo, 3. right bank, 4. left bank, 5. 6. sample details)

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Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Fig.3.11.3: Bottom soil FS sediment collection at Nitra – Chalmová sampling site (1. sampling pit, 2. upstream photo, 3. downstream photo, 4. left bank, 5. right bank, 6. sampling)

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Suspended sediments in the Nitra river

Sediment was collected in the middle of river - barrel system – small river – according to SIMONA field manual.

Fig.3.11.4: Suspended sediment collection at Nitra – Chalmová sampling site (1. measuring depth and distance, 2. measuring pH, T, EC, Eh, dissolved oxygen, 3. and 4. pumping)

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Bottom sediments in the Nitra river

Collected from the uppermost 5 cm of the river bottom, in the each of the 5 sampling points along left bank (composite sample).

Fig.3.11.5: Bottom sediment collection and measurements at Nitra – Chalmová sampling site.

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3.11.2. Hnilec – Jaklovce (Ružín reservoir tributary)

Fig.3.11.6: Google Earth image with the location of Hnilec – Jaklovce sampling points for supended, bottom and floodplain sediment composite samples collection.

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the right bank of the Hnilec river in 4 pits excavated by a spade system according to the SIMONA sampling manual. The sampling site was obviously contaminated by waste (plastic bags, bottles, pieces of clothes) accumulated over flooding periods.

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Topsoil (0-5 cm depth)

Fig.3.11.7: Top soil FS sediment collection at Hnilec – Jaklovce sampling site (1. and 2. sampling topsoil photo, 3. upstream photo, 4. downstream photo, 5. left bank photo., 6. right bank photo)

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Bottom soil (40-50 cm depth)

Fig.3.11.8: Bottom soil FS sediment collection at Hnilec – Jaklovce sampling site (1. sampling pit, 2. sampling 3. upstream photo, 4. downstream photo, 5. right bank, 6. left bank,)

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Suspended sediments in the Hnilec river

In this case, one rule of the sampling manual was not obeyed, as the stream was too strong to collect the sample downstream according to all the other samples. The suspended sediment sample was pumped upstream, as the river is broader at this site and the stream is not that strong (sampler can handle it). Sample was collected in the middle of river - barrel system – small river – according to SIMONA field manual.

Fig.3.11.9: Suspended sediment collection at Hnilec – Jaklovce sampling site (1. and 2. measuring depth and distance, 3. and 4. pumping, 5. and 6. measuring pH, T, EC, Eh, dissolved oxygen)

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Bottom sediments in the Hnilec river

Collected from the uppermost 5 cm of the river bottom, in the each of the 5 sampling points along right bank of the river.

Fig.3.11.10: Bottom sediment collection and measurements at Hnilec – Jaklovce sampling site.

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On April 28 in the morning, the samples were prepared for transport to the SIMONA project reference laboratory in Budapest. From four 30 L barrels, the volume of suspended sediment was reduced to 4 x 5 L by decantation after 24 hours of sedimentation. The samples were poured into plastic containers and closed in cooling boxes with frozen cartridges. Samples marked according to the project codes were sent by courier service to Budapest, to the address: BÁLINT ANALITIKA LTD, SIMONA Világosi Zoltán, Fehérvári út 144, Budapest 1116, HUNGARY. Samples were picked up the following day. After sending the samples, the field documentation was discussed by the sampling team and any missing was added to the observation sheets. GPS recordings were down- loaded along with photo and video documentation for further processing.

Fig.3.11.11: Suspended sediment sample preparation after 24 hours settling time.

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3.12. SLOVENIA

The National Baseline Monitoring stations chosen for sediment sampling in Slovenia are shown in Table 1. The originally selected national sites; Jesenice na Dolenjskem on Sava River and Ormož Most on Drava River, also the TNMN points, had to be changed for the purpose of DRB National Baseline Sampling in April/May, due to poor weather conditions (Jesenice na Dolenjskem, totally flooded) or due to unsuitable conditions for floodplain sediment sampling (Ormož Most on Drava River). Many other selected locations were eliminated due to weather conditions during April and May. The water level has significantly increased due to sequences of precipitation and snow melting from the Alps. In the matte of mentioned conditions, the sampling of suspended sediments in Sava was not possible to perform. The map of the hydrological data for all stations in Slovenia is shown on Fig. 3.12.1.

Fig.3.12.1: The map of hydrological data for all hydro-stations in Slovenia. Taken from the website (available on: https://www.arso.gov.si/vode/podatki/amp on 11th May, 18 pm).

GENERAL GEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND FOR BOTH LOCATIONS:

The narrower area of both locations consists of alluvial gravel and sand deposits of the Sava river and Carboniferous-Permian shales and sandstones in the hinterland (brown colour) (Fig. 3.12.2)

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Fig. 3.12.2: Geological map and the two selected sampling locations (1- Site Jevnica eastern of Ljubljana; 2- Site Medno NW of Ljubljana)

3.12.1. Jevnica on Sava

The Site Jevnica is situated in the municipality Litija, around 20 km northeast from Ljubljana –the capital of Slovenia (Fig. 3.12.3 and 3.12.4).

Fig.3.12.3: Map with the exact location of Jevnica Sampling site (Google Earth image)

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Starting from the location Jevnica 1, Kresnice, the area of about 1 km along the Sava coast in the east direction of Kersniške Poljane was surveyed in order to locate the most accessible and suitable site for sediment sampling, according to the guidelines of the SIMONA Sampling Protocol and other related project documentation. The chosen site (coordinates mentioned in Table 1 – Chapter 2 and in Fig. 3.12.3 above) is located on the right bank of the Sava river, since the investigated area is more accesible and less antropogenically influenced than the entire left bank. Additionally, the chosen river area is almost completely preserved in its original natural state, while most parts of the Sava River, and especially Drava in Slovenia, are anthropogenically altered. The location of the site is situated among the thin forest section separating the river coast from the fields, in the small bay where the river flow is calmer. Over the bay and river bank, there is another floodplain field around 40 m wide, stretching to the railway and settlement. The landscape of the site is shown in Fig. 3.12.5.

Fig. 3.12.4: Map with the exact location of Jevnica Sampling site (Source: Atlas okolja: http://gis.arso.gov.si/atlasokolja/profile.aspx?id=Atlas_Okolja_AXL@Arso )

Fig. 3.12.5: Landscape of the site

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At this site, the sufficient quantity of fine fractions were available, which allowed the sampling of floodplain and bottom sediments. Generally, in Jevnica part of the Sava River, the floods are recorded very often by the locals (at least every two years there are big flood events, meaning that flood will go over the riverbank, to the higher level of floodplain and almost to the railway). The sampled floodplain in the bay was fresh and active. Due to the seasonal, spring weather conditions and the recent rain events the water level and flow velocity was higher at the time of sampling, than from the time the site was being observed and selected for sampling location. In this regard, no suspended sediment samples were taken due to the lack of equipment and expertise needed for deeper rivers and fast flow. However, sampling in such conditions is not appropriate for suspended sediments. The samples of floodplain and bottom sediment were taken.

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments (0-5 cm, Topsoil)

Floodplain sediments were sampled on the right bank of Sava River. Two profiles were digged by shovel, approximately 2 m from the river bank. Two subsamples were taken with a spade, but only from the upper 5 cm (0-5 cm, topsoil) in a 1 L jar. The geomorphology of the site didn’t allow us to stretch the profile of at least 3 sampling sites, each of them 10 m apart. On the other hand, the water level appeared at 30 cm, so it was not possible to take the bottom soil floodplain samples on 40-50 cm depth.

The FS sediment was intersected with lots of roots in the entire 30 cm profile. The structure was rather homogenous, and the texture was sandy to clayish, mud like, more loose than sticky, but wet. The sediment has light organic-like smell. Lots of roots, trees and bushes can be found close by. Pale, grey brown colour.

Floodplain sediments (40-50 cm, Bottom soil)

Not taken.

Bottom sediments (0-5 cm)

Bottom sediments were sampled with a scoop in a 1 L jar, along the river bank in 10 m profile stretch (1 sample consisting of several subsamples). As explained for the floodplain sediments and as concluded in the former surveys, it was not possible to take 3 or 5 subsamples, each at least 10 or 50 m apart. The texture is the same as in floodplain sediments, with more of an organic smell, at some parts sewage like. Grass can be found in the river bottom.

Fig. 3.12.6: Bottom sediment sampling with scoop at Jevnica site

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Fig. 3.12.7: Floodplain sediment profile at Jevnica site

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3.12.2. Medno on Sava

The second national site, Sava Medno, was chosen for the similar reasons as described for Jevnica. The chosen site (coordinates in Table 1 – Chapter 2 and in Fig. 3.12.9) is located on the right bank of the Sava river. At Medno sampling site, the hydrological station is in the vicinity (the distance is 100 m). Medno is a settlement on the right bank of Sava, situated 10 km northwest of Ljubljana (the capital of Slovenia), but still inside the municipality of Ljubljana.

Fig. 3.12.8: The location of the 2nd National Sampling Site Sava-Medno (Source: Atlas okolja, http://gis.arso.gov.si/atlasokolja/profile.aspx?id=Atlas_Okolja_AXL@Arso )

Fig. 3.12.9: The location of the 2nd National Sampling Site Sava-Medno (Google Earth image).

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Fig. 3.12.10: Landscape of Medno site

The description of the location site and river conditions is very similar to Jevnica, since the distance between two sampling sites is around 30 km.

SAMPLED SEDIMENTS

Floodplain sediments (0-5 cm, Topsoil and 40-50 cm Bottom soil)

One profile was digged with the shovel, 50 cm depth. A sample of topsoil (0-5 cm) and bottom soil (40–50 cm) was taken with a spade, each placed in a separate 1L jar. No subsamples were taken due to the minimal intervention on private property. The structure of the sediment is homogene- ous, texture sandy and dry, not moist or a bit sticky as in the previous location. Lots of vegetation and trees around, light organic odour.

Bottom sediment (0-5 cm)

Bottom sediment sample was taken with a stainless-steel scoop in a 1L jar.

Suspended sediments

Not taken

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Fig. 3.12.11: Water level, water flow and temperature on the sampling location Medno on 11.5.2021 (available on: https://www.arso.gov.si/vode/podatki/amp/H3530_g_1.html )

Fig.3.12.12: Sampling bottom sediments with scoop at Medno site

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Fig. 3.12.13: Digging the profile for Floodplain sediment sampling at Medno site

Fig. 3.12.14: Floodplain sediment profile for sampling, Medno site

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Fig. 3.12.15: All sediment samples are stored in the fridge at 5 degrees, until transport to SIMONA Reference Laboratory

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REFERENCES

Danube River Basin Directorat (DRBD) – Plan for management o river basins in the Danube River region 2016–2021, 2015 (in Bulgarian)

EC 2010. Common Implementation Strategy for the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC): Guidance Document No. 25 Guidance on chemical monitoring of sediment and biota under the Water Framework Directive Luxembourg Office for Official Publications of the European Commu- nities.

ISO 5667 – 12:2017 Water quality — Sampling — Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments from rivers, lakes and estuarine areas

ISO 5667-15:2009 Water quality — Sampling — Part 15: Guidance on the preservation and han- dling of sludge and sediment samples (Last reviewed and confirmed in 2015)

ISO 5667 – 17:2008 Water quality — Sampling — Part 17: Guidance on sampling of bulk suspended solids

Šorša, A., The SIMONA Project Team. 2019. Sediment quality sampling protocol for HSs. EU Inter- reg Danube Transnational Programme, 45 p.

Updated Management Plan for the hydrographic sector of South Banat 2016 -2021(in Romanian)

Updated Management Plan for the Danube River, Danube Delta, hydrographic space Dobrogea and costal waters 2016 -2021 (in Romanian)

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