HERBACEOUS PLANTS, SHRUBS and TREES of the COMOX VALLEY Excluding Grasses, Sedges and Rushes July 14, 2016 Exotic (Non-Native) P

Home , Daucus pusillus, Erythranthe alsinoides

HERBACEOUS PLANTS, SHRUBS AND TREES OF THE COMOX VALLEY Excluding grasses, sedges and rushes July 14, 2016 Exotic (non-native) plants are indicated with * Plants found above 300 meters are indicated by ✝

HERBS AND SHRUBS

ANGIOSPERMS - MONOCOTS

ALISMATACEAE Alisma triviale American water-plantain Sagittaria latifolia wapato

AMARYLLIDACEAE (formerly part of LILIACEAE) Allium acuminatum Hooker’s onion Allium cernuum nodding onion Allium crenulatum Olympic onion

ARACEAE (now includes LEMNACEAE) Lemna minor common duckweed Lysichiton americanus skunk cabbage

ASPARAGACEAE (formerly part of LILIACEAE) Brodiaea coronaria harvest brodiaea Camassia leichtlinii great camas Camassia quamash common camas Maianthemum dilatatum false lily-of-the-valley Maianthemum racemosum false Solomon’s-seal Maianthemum stellatum star-flowered Solomon’s-seal Triteleia hyacinthina white triteleia

COLCHICACEAE (formerly part of LILIACEAE) Prosartes hookeri Hooker’s fairybells Prosartes smithii Smith's fairybells Streptopus amplexifolius clasping twistedstalk Streptopus lanceolatus rosy twistedstalk Streptopus streptopoides small twistedstalk ✝

IRIDACEAE Iris pseudacorus yellow iris * Sisyrinchium californicum golden-eyed grass Sisyrinchium idahoense Idaho blue-eyed grass

JUNCAGINACEAE Triglochin maritima seaside arrow-grass

1 LILIACEAE Clintonia uniflora queen’s cup ✝ Erythronium oregonum white fawn lily Erythronium revolutum pink fawn lily Fritillaria affinis chocolate lily Fritillaria camschatcensis northern rice-root Lilium columbianum tiger lily

MELANTHIACEAE (formerly part of LILIACEAE) Stenanthium occidentale western mountainbells ✝ Toxicoscordion venenosum meadow death-camas Trillium ovatum western trillium Veratrum viride Indian hellebore ✝

ORCHIDACEAE Calypso bulbosa fairy-slipper Corallorhiza maculata spotted coralroot Corallorhiza mertensiana western coralroot Goodyera oblongifolia rattlesnake-plantain Listera caurina northwestern twayblade ✝ Listera convallarioides broad-leaved twayblade Listera cordata heart-leaved twayblade Piperia elegans elegant rein orchid Piperia transversa royal rein orchid Platanthera aquilonis northern green rein orchid ✝ Platanthera dilatata fragrant rein orchid Platanthera stricta slender rein orchid Spiranthes romanzoffiana hooded ladies’ tresses

POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton foliosus closed-leaved pondweed Potamogeton gramineus grass-leaved pondweed ✝ Potamogeton natans floating-leaved pondweed Potamogeton pusillus small pondweed

RUPPIACEAE Ruppia maritima beaked ditch-grass

TOFIELDIACEAE Triantha glutinosa sticky false asphodel

TYPHACEAE Sparganium angustifolium narrow-leaved bur-reed Sparganium hyperboreum northern bur-reed Typha latifolia common cattail

2 ZOSTERACEAE Zostera japonica Japanese eel-grass * Zostera marina common eel-grass

ANGIOSPERMS - DICOTS

ADOXACEAE (formerly CAPRIFOLIACEAE) Sambucus nigra blue elderberry Sambucus racemosa red elderberry Viburnum edule highbush-cranberry

AMARANTHACEAE (now includes CHENOPODIACEAE) Atriplex gmelinii Gmelin’s orache Atriplex patula common orache * Chenopodium album lamb’s-quarters * Salicornia virginica American glasswort Suaeda calceoliformis seablite

APIACEAE Aegopodium podagraria goutweed * Anthriscus caucalis bur chervil * Anthriscus sylvestris wild chervil * Cicuta douglasii Douglas’ water-hemlock Conioselinum gmelinii Pacific hemlock-parsley Daucus carota wild carrot * Daucus pusillus American wild carrot Heracleum mantegazzianum giant cow-parsnip * Heracleum maximum cow-parsnip Lilaeopsis occidentalis western lilaeopsis Lomatium nudicaule barestem desert-parsley Lomatium utriculatum spring gold Oenanthe sarmentosa Pacific water-parsley Osmorhiza berteroi mountain sweet-cicely Oxypolis occidentalis western cowbane Sanicula crassicaulis Pacific sanicle Sium suave hemlock water-parsnip

APOCYNACEAE Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane Vinca major large periwinkle *

ARALIACEAE Hedera helix English ivy * Oplopanax horridus devil’s club

3 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Asarum caudatum wild ginger

ASTERACEAE Achillea millefolium yarrow Adenocaulon bicolor pathfinder Ambrosia chamissonis silver burweed Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting Antennaria alpina alpine pussytoes ✝ Antennaria howellii Howell’s pussytoes Antennaria racemosa racemose pussytoes Arctium minus common burdock * Arnica lanceolata streambank arnica Arnica latifolia mountain arnica ✝ Artemisia campestris northern wormwood Artemisia suksdorfii Suksdorf’s mugwort Bellis perennis English daisy * Bidens amplissima Vancouver Island beggarticks Bidens cernua nodding beggarticks Centaurea x moncktonii meadow knapweed * Cichorium intybus chicory * Cirsium arvense Canada thistle * Cirsium vulgare bull thistle * Cotula coronopifolia brass buttons * Crepis capillaris smooth hawksbeard * Crocidium multicaule gold star Doronicum pardalianches great leopard's-bane * Erigeron glacialis subalpine daisy ✝ Eriophyllum lanatum woolly eriophyllum Gnaphalium palustre lowland cudweed Gnaphalium uliginosum marsh cudweed * Grindelia stricta Oregon gumweed Hieracium albiflorum white hawkweed Hieracium gracile slender hawkweed ✝ Hypochaeris radicata hairy cat’s-ear * Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Lapsana communis nipplewort * Leontodon saxatilis hairy hawkbit * Leucanthemum vulgare oxeye daisy * Logfia minima filago * Luina hypoleuca silverback luina Madia glomerata clustered tarweed Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Mycelis muralis wall lettuce * Packera macounii Macoun’s groundsel Petasites frigidus sweet coltsfoot

4 Pseudognaphalium thermale slender cudweed Senecio jacobaea tansy ragwort * Senecio triangularis arrow-leaved groundsel Senecio vulgaris common groundsel * Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod * Solidago simplex spikelike goldenrod Sonchus arvensis perennial sow-thistle * Sonchus oleraceus common sow-thistle * Symphyotrichum chilense common California aster Symphyotrichum spathulatum western mountain aster ✝ Symphyotrichum subspicatum Douglas’ aster Tanacetum vulgare common tansy * Taraxacum officinale common dandelion * Tragopogon porrifolius common salsify*

BALSAMINACEAE Impatiens glandulifera policeman's helmet * Impatiens noli-tangere common touch-me-not

BERBERIDACEAE Achlys triphylla vanilla-leaf Mahonia aquifolium tall Oregon-grape Mahonia nervosa dull Oregon-grape

BORAGINACEAE (Includes HYDROPHYLLACEAE) Amsinckia spectabilis seaside fiddleneck Myosotis discolor common forget-me-not * Myosotis laxa small-flowered forget-me-not Nemophila parviflora small-flowered nemophila Plagiobothrys scouleri Scouler's popcornflower Romanzoffia sitchensis Sitka romanzoffia Symphytum asperum rough comfrey *

BRASSICACEAE Arabis eschscholtziana Eschscholtz's rockcress Barbarea orthoceras American winter cress Brassica juncea Indian mustard * Brassica rapa field mustard * Cakile edentula American searocket * Cakile maritima European searocket * Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd’s purse * Cardamine breweri Brewer's bittercress Cardimine hirsuta hairy bittercress * Cardamine nuttallii slender toothwort Cardamine oligosperma little western bittercress Descurainia longipedicellata western tansymustard

5 Draba verna common draba * Hesperis matronalis sweet rocket * Lepidium campestre field pepper-grass * Lepidium heterophyllum Smith’s pepper-grass * Lepidium virginicum Menzies’ pepperweed Raphanus raphanistrum wild radish * Raphanus sativus garden radish * Sisymbrium officinale hedge mustard * Teesdalia nudicaulis shepherd’s cress * Thlaspi arvense field pennycress *

CABOMBACEAE Brasenia schreberi water shield

CAMPANULACEAE Campanula rotundifolia common harebell Campanula scouleri Scouler’s harebell Lobelia dortmanna water lobelia

CAPRIFOLIACEAE Linnaea borealis twinflower Lonicera ciliosa western trumpet Lonicera hispidula hairy honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata black twinberry Plectritis congesta sea blush Symphoricarpos albus common snowberry Symphoricarpos hesperius trailing snowberry Valeriana sitchensis Sitka valerian ✝ Valerianella locusta cornsalad *

CARYOPHYLLACEAE Cerastium arvense field chickweed * Cerastium fontanum mouse-ear chickweed * Cerastium glomeratum sticky chickweed * Dianthus armeria Deptford pink * Honckenya peploides seabeach sandwort Minuartia tenella slender sandwort Moehringia macrophylla big-leaved sandwort Moenchia erecta upright chickweed * Sagina maxima coastal pearlwort Sagina procumbens bird’s eye pearlwort * Silene gallica small-flowered catchfly * Silene menziesii Menzies' campion Spergula arvensis corn-spurry * Spergularia canadensis Canadian sand-spurry Spergularia rubra red sand-spurry *

6 Spergularia salina salt marsh sand-spurry * Stellaria media common chickweed *

CELASTRACEAE Euonymus occidentalis western wahoo Parnassia fimbriata fringed grass-of-Parnassus ✝ Paxistima myrsinites falsebox

CLUSIACEAE Hypericum anagalloides bog St. John’s-wort Hypericum maculatum spotted St. John's-wort * Hypericum perforatum common St. John’s-wort * Hypericum scouleri western St. John’s-wort

CONVOLVULACEAE (now includes CUSCUTACEAE) Calystegia sepium hedge false bindweed * Convolvulus arvensis field bindweed * Cuscuta pacifica salt marsh dodder

CORNACEAE Cornus canadensis bunchberry Cornus stolonifera red-osier dogwood

CRASSULACEAE Sedum lanceolatum lance-leaved stonecrop Sedum oreganum Oregon stonecrop

DROSERACEAE Drosera angelica great sundew ✝ Drosera rotundifolia round-leaved sundew

ERICACEAE (now includes MONOTROPACEAE, PYROLACEAE AND EMPETRACEAE) Allotropa virgata candystick Andromeda polifolia bog-rosemary ✝ Arctostaphylos columbiana hairy manzanita Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos x media northwestern manzanita Cassiope mertensiana white mountain-heather ✝ Chimaphila menziesii little prince's pine Chimaphila umbellata prince’s pine Elliottia pyroliflora copperbush ✝ Empetrum nigrum crowberry ✝ Gaultheria humifusa alpine-wintergreen ✝ Gaultheria ovatifolia Oregon wintergreen ✝ Gaultheria shallon salal

7 Hemitomes congestum gnome-plant Hypopitys monotropa pinesap Kalmia microphylla western bog-laurel Menziesia ferruginea false-azalea Moneses uniflora single delight Monotropa uniflora Indian-pipe Orthilia secunda one-sided wintergreen ✝ Phyllodoce empetriformis pink mountain-heather ✝ Pterospora andromedea pinedrops Pyrola asarifolia pink wintergreen Pyrola minor lesser wintergreen ✝ Pyrola picta white-veined wintergreen Rhododendron albiflorum white-flowered rhododendron ✝ Rhododendron groenlandicum Labrador-tea Vaccinium alaskaense Alaskan blueberry ✝ Vaccinium caespitosum dwarf blueberry Vaccinium deliciosum Cascade blueberry ✝ Vaccinium membranaceum black huckleberry ✝ Vaccinium ovalifolium oval-leaved blueberry ✝ Vaccinium oxycoccos bog cranberry Vaccinium parvifolium red huckleberry Vaccinium uliginosum bog blueberry ✝

EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia maculata milk spurge * Euphorbia peplus petty spurge *

FABACEAE Acmispon parviflorus small-flowered bird’s-foot trefoil Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom * Lathyrus japonicus beach pea Lathyrus latifolius broad-leaved peavine * Lathyrus nevadensis purple peavine Lathyrus palustris marsh peavine Lotus corniculatus bird’s-foot trefoil * Lupinus arboreus tree lupine * Lupinus arcticus arctic lupine ✝ Lupinus bicolor two-coloured lupine Lupinus littoralis seashore lupine Lupinus polyphyllus large-leaved lupine Medicago lupulina black medic * Melilotus alba white sweet-clover * Melilotus officinalis yellow sweet-clover * Trifolium arvense hare’s-foot clover * Trifolium campestre low hop-clover * Trifolium dubium small hop-clover *

8 Trifolium hybridum alsike clover * Trifolium microcephalum small-headed clover Trifolium pratense red clover * Trifolium repens white clover * Trifolium subterraneum subterranean clover * Trifolium willdenovii tomcat clover Trifolium wormskjoldii springbank clover Ulex europaeus gorse * Vicia americana American vetch Vicia cracca tufted vetch * Vicia hirsuta tiny vetch * Vicia nigricans giant vetch Vicia sativa common vetch *

GENTIANACEAE Gentiana douglasiana swamp gentian ✝ Gentiana sceptrum king gentian ✝

GERANIACEAE Erodium cicutarium common stork’s-bill * Geranium bicknellii Bicknell's geranium * Geranium molle dovefoot geranium * Geranium robertianum Robert’s geranium *

GROSSULARIACEAE Ribes bracteosum stink currant Ribes divaricatum wild black gooseberry Ribes lacustre black gooseberry Ribes lobbii gummy gooseberry Ribes sanguineum red-flowering currant

HALORAGACEAE Myriophyllum sibiricum Siberian water-milfoil

LAMIACEAE Clinopodium douglasii yerba buena Galeopsis tetrahit hemp-nettle * Glechoma hederacea ground-ivy * Lamium amplexicaule common dead-nettle * Lamium galeobdolon yellow archangel * Lamium purpureum purple dead-nettle * Lycopus uniflorus northern water horehound Mentha arvensis field mint Prunella vulgaris self-heal * Scutellaria lateriflora blue skullcap Stachys chamissonis Cooley’s hedge-nettle

9 LENTIBULARIACEAE Pinguicula vulgaris common butterwort ✝ Utricularia intermedia flat-leaved bladderwort ✝ Utricularia macrorhiza greater bladderwort ✝

LYTHRACEAE Lythrum salicaria purple loosestrife *

MALVACEAE Malva moschata musk mallow * Malva neglecta dwarf mallow * Sidalcea hendersonii Henderson’s checker-mallow

MENYANTHACEAE Fauria crista-galli deer-cabbage ✝ Menyanthes trifoliata buckbean

MYRICACEAE Myrica gale sweet gale

NYCTAGINACEAE Abronia latifolia yellow sand-verbena

NYMPHAEACEAE Nuphar polysepala Rocky Mountain pond-lily

OLEACEAE Ligustrum vulgare common privet *

ONAGRACEAE Chamerion angustifolium fireweed Circaea alpina enchanter’s-nightshade Epilobium anagallidifolium alpine willowherb ✝ Epilobium brachycarpum tall annual willowherb Epilobium ciliatum purple-leaved willowherb Epilobium minutum small-flowered willowherb Ludwigia palustris water-purslane

OROBANCHACEAE (includes some formerly SCROPHULARIACEAE) Castilleja miniata scarlet paintbrush Castilleja unalaschcensis Unalaska paintbrush Euphrasia subarctica arctic eyebright Kopsiopsis hookeri Vancouver groundcone Orobanche californica California broomrape Orobanche uniflora naked broomrape Parentucellia viscosa yellow parentucellia *

10 Pedicularis bracteosa bracted lousewort ✝ Pedicularis ornithorhyncha bird's-beak lousewort ✝ Pedicularis racemosa sickletop lousewort Triphysaria pusilla dwarf owl-clover

OXALIDACEAE Oxalis corniculata yellow oxalis *

PAPAVERACEAE (includes FUMERACEAE) Dicentra formosa Pacific bleeding heart

PHRYMACEAE (formerly part of SCROPHULARIACEAE) Erythranthe alsinoides chickweed monkey-flower Erythranthe guttata yellow monkey-flower Erythranthe moschata musk-flower

PLANTAGINACEAE (includes many from SCROPHULARIACEAE) Callitriche heterophylla diverse-leaved water starwort Collinsia grandiflora large-flowered blue-eyed Mary Collinsia parviflora small-flowered blue-eyed Mary Digitalis purpurea common foxglove * Limosella aquatica water mudwort Linaria genistifolia Dalmatian toadflax * Linaria vulgaris butter-and-eggs * Nothochelone nemorosa woodland penstemon Penstemon davidsonii Davidson’s penstemon ✝ Penstemon serrulatus coast penstemon Plantago lanceolata ribwort plantain * Plantago macrocarpa Alaska plantain ✝ Plantago major common plantain * Plantago maritima sea plantain Veronica arvensis wall speedwell * Veronica beccabunga American speedwell Veronica filiformis slender speedwell * Veronica officinalis common speedwell * Veronica peregrina purslane speedwell Veronica scutellata marsh speedwell Veronica serpyllifolia thyme-leaved speedwell * Veronica wormskjoldii alpine speedwell ✝

POLEMONIACEAE Collomia heterophylla vari-leaved collomia Phlox gracilis pink twink

POLYGONACEAE Bistorta vivipara alpine bistort ✝

11 Fallopia convolvulus black bindweed * Fallopia japonica Japanese knotweed * Fallopia sachalinensis giant knotweed * Persicaria amphibia water smartweed Persicaria hydropiper marshpepper smartweed * Persicaria lapathifolia willow weed Persicaria maculosa lady’s thumb * Persicaria wallichii Himalayan knotweed * Polygonum aviculare common knotweed * Polygonum douglasii Douglas’ knotweed Polygonum fowleri Fowler’s knotweed Polygonum paronychia black knotweed Polygonum spergulariiforme spurry knotweed Rumex acetosella sheep sorrel * Rumex crispus curled dock * Rumex fueginus golden dock Rumex obtusifolius bitter dock * Rumex oxidentalis western dock Rumex transitorius willow dock

PORTULACACEAE Calandrinia ciliata red maids Claytonia exigua pale springbeauty Claytonia parviflora streambank springbeauty Claytonia perfoliata miner’s-lettuce Claytonia rubra redstem springbeauty Claytonia sibirica Siberian miner’s-lettuce Lewisia columbiana Columbia lewisia Montia fontana blinks Montia linearis narrow-leaved montia Montia parvifolia small-leaved montia

PRIMULACEAE Anagallis arvensis scarlet pimpernel * Dodecatheon jeffreyi Jeffrey’s shootingstar ✝ Dodecatheon pulchellum pretty shootingstar Lysimachia maritima sea-milkwort Trientalis borealis broad-leaved starflower Trientalis europaea northern starflower ✝

RANUNCULACEAE Actaea rubra baneberry Anemone lyalli Lyall’s anemone Aquilegia formosa Sitka columbine Caltha leptosepala white mountain marsh-marigold ✝ Coptis aspleniifolia spleenwort-leaved goldthread ✝

12 Coptis trifolia three-leaved goldthread ✝ Delphinium menziesii Menzies’ larkspur Ranunculus acris meadow buttercup * Ranunculus aquatilis white water-buttercup ✝ Ranunculus bulbosus bulbous buttercup * Ranunculus flammula lesser spearwort Ranunculus occidentalis western buttercup Ranunculus orthorhynchus straight-beaked buttercup Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup * Ranunculus uncinatus little buttercup Thalictrum occidentale western meadowrue Trautvetteria caroliniensis false bugbane Trollius albiflorus globeflower ✝

RHAMNACEAE Ceanothus sanguineus redstem ceanothus

ROSACEAE Amelanchier alnifolia saskatoon Aphanes australis small-fruited parsley-piert * Aruncus dioicus goatsbeard Comarum palustre marsh cinquefoil Crataegus douglasii black hawthorn Crataegus monogyna common hawthorn * Drymocallis glandulosa sticky cinquefoil Fragaria chiloensis coastal strawberry Fragaria vesca wood strawberry Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry Geum macrophyllum large-leaved avens Holodiscus discolor oceanspray Luetkea pectinata partridge-foot ✝ Physocarpus capitatus Pacific ninebark Potentilla anserina common silverweed Potentilla drummondii Drummond’s cinquefoil ✝ Potentilla egedii coast silverweed Rosa gymnocarpa baldhip rose Rosa nutkana Nootka rose Rubus arcticus nagoonberry ✝ Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry * Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry ✝ Rubus laciniatus cutleaf evergreen blackberry * Rubus leucodermis black raspberry Rubus parviflorus thimbleberry Rubus pedatus five-leaved bramble ✝ Rubus spectabilis salmonberry Rubus ursinus trailing blackberry

13 Sanguisorba menziesii Menzies’ burnet ✝ Sanguisorba officinalis great burnet ✝ Sanguisorba stipulata Sitka burnet ✝ Spiraea douglasii hardhack

RUBIACEAE Galium aparine cleavers Galium boreale northern bedstraw ✝ Galium trifidum small bedstraw Galium triflorum sweet-scented bedstraw Sherardia arvensis field madder *

SALICACEAE Salix arctica Arctic willow ✝

SANTALACEAE Arceuthobium americanum American dwarf mistletoe

SAXIFRAGACEAE Heuchera glabra smooth alumroot Heuchera micrantha small-flowered alumroot Leptarrhena pyrolifolia leatherleaf saxifrage ✝ Lithophragma glabrum smooth fringecup Lithophragma parviflorum small-flowered fringecup Micranthes ferruginea Alaska saxifrage Micranthes integrifolia grassland saxifrage Micranthes rufidula rusty-haired saxifrage Pectiantia breweri Brewer’s mitrewort ✝ Pectiantia pentandra five-stamened mitrewort ✝ Tellima grandiflora fringecup Tiarella trifoliata foamflower

SCROPHULARIACEAE Verbascum blattaria moth mullein * Verbascum thapsus great mullein *

THYMELAEACEAE Daphne laureola spurge-laurel *

URTICACEAE Urtica dioica stinging nettle *

VIOLACEAE Viola adunca early blue violet Viola glabella stream violet Viola orbiculata round-leaved violet ✝

14 Viola palustris marsh violet Viola sempervirens trailing yellow violet

15 TREES

GYMNOSPERMS

CUPRESSACEAE Juniperus communis rocky juniper ✝ Juniperus maritima seaside juniper Thuja plicata western red cedar Xanthocyparis nootkatensis yellow-cedar ✝

PINACEAE Abies amabilis amabilis fir ✝ Abies grandis grand fir Abies lasiocarpa subalpine fir ✝ Picea sitchensis Sitka spruce Pinus contorta shore pine Pinus monticola western white pine Pseudotsuga menziesii coast Douglas-fir Tsuga heterophylla western hemlock Tsuga mertensiana mountain hemlock ✝

TAXACEAE Taxus brevifolia western yew

ANGIOSPERMS

AQUIFOLIACEAE Ilex aquifolium English holly *

BETULACEAE Alnus rubra red alder Alnus viridis Sitka alder ✝ Corylus cornuta beaked hazelnut

CORNACEAE Cornus nuttallii western flowering dogwood

ERICACEAE Arbutus menziesii arbutus

FAGACEAE Quercus garryana Garry oak

RHAMNACEAE Rhamnus purshiana cascara

16 ROSACEAE Malus fusca Pacific crab apple Prunus emarginata bitter cherry Sorbus scopulina western mountain-ash Sorbus sitchensis Sitka mountain-ash

SALICACEAE Populus tremuloides trembling aspen Populus trichocarpa black cottonwood Salix hookeriana Hooker’s willow Salix lasiandra Pacific willow Salix scouleriana Scouler’s willow Salix sitchensis Sitka willow

SAPINDACEAE (formerly ACERACEAE) Acer glabrum Douglas maple Acer macrophyllum bigleaf maple

17 PTERIDOPHYTES (FERNS AND ALLIES)

ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort

BLECHNACEAE Blechnum spicant deer fern

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Pteridium aquilinum bracken fern

DRYOPTERIDACEAE Athyrium distentifolium alpine lady fern ✝ Athyrium filix-femina lady fern Cystopteris fragilis fragile fern ✝ Dryopteris expansa spiny wood fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern Polystichum imbricans narrow-leaved sword fern Polystichum lonchitis northern holly fern ✝ Polystichum munitum sword fern

EQUISETACEAE Equisetum arvense common horsetail Equisetum fluviatile swamp horsetail Equisetum hyemale scouring-rush Equisetum telmateia giant horsetail Equisetum variegatum northern scouring-rush ✝

LYCOPODIACEAE Diphasiastrum alpinum alpine club-moss ✝ Diphasiastrum sitchense Alaska club-moss ✝ Huperzia miyoshiana Pacific fir-moss ✝ Lycopodiella inundata bog club-moss ✝ Lycopodium annotinum stiff club-moss Lycopodium clavatum running club-moss

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium simplex least moonwort Sceptridium multifidum leathery grape fern ✝

POLYPODIACEAE Polypodium amorphum irregular polypody Polypodium glycyrrhiza licorice fern

18 PTERIDACEAE Adiantum aleuticum western maiden-hair fern Aspidotis densa Indian’s-dream Cryptogramma acrostichoides parsley fern Pentagramma triangularis goldenback fern

SELAGINELLACEAE Selaginella wallacei Wallace’s selaginella

19 NOTES