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Los Mamíferos Marinos En Cautiverio
El caso contra LOS MAMÍFEROS MARINOS EN CAUTIVERIO INSTITUTO DE BIENESTAR ANIMAL Y PROTECCIÓN ANIMAL MUNDIAL El caso contra LOS MAMÍFEROS MARINOS EN CAUTIVERIO Autores: Dra. Naomi A. Rose y Dr. E. C. M. Parsons Editor: Dave Tilford • Diseñadora: Alexandra Alberg Preparado en nombre del Instituto de Bienestar Animal y Protección Animal Mundial Este informe debería citarse como: Rose, N.A. and Parsons, E.C.M. (2019). The Case Against Marine Mammals in Captivity, 5th edition (Washington, DC: Animal Welfare Institute and World Animal Protection), 160 pp. ÍNDICE 2 Lista de acrónimos y abreviaturas 60 Capítulo 8 • Inteligencia cetácea 3 Generalidades 65 Capítulo 9 • Tasas de mortalidad y natalidad 66 No cetáceos 6 Introducción 67 Delfines nariz de botella 68 Orcas 9 Capítulo 1 • Educación 70 Otras especies de cetáceos 70 Resumen 14 Capítulo 2 • La falacia de la conservación y la investigación 72 Capítulo 10 • Interacciones entre seres 16 Programas de mejora de especies humanos y delfines 18 Especies cruzadas e híbridos 72 Terapia asistida por delfines 18 Cetáceos en cautiverio y cultura 73 Atracciones de nado con delfines 19 El doble criterio de la industria de la 75 Piscinas interactivas y sesiones exhibición pública de alimentación 22 Ética y cría en cautiverio 22 Programas de rescate de animales varados 77 Capítulo 11 • Riesgos para la salud humana 23 Investigación 77 Enfermedades 78 Lesiones y muerte 26 Capítulo 3 • Capturas vivas 31 Delfines nariz de botella 83 Capítulo 12 •El legado de Blackfish 33 Orcas 83 Blackfish 35 Belugas 85 El -
Captive Orcas
Captive Orcas ‘Dying to Entertain You’ The Full Story A report for Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) Chippenham, UK Produced by Vanessa Williams Contents Introduction Section 1 The showbiz orca Section 2 Life in the wild FINgerprinting techniques. Community living. Social behaviour. Intelligence. Communication. Orca studies in other parts of the world. Fact file. Latest news on northern/southern residents. Section 3 The world orca trade Capture sites and methods. Legislation. Holding areas [USA/Canada /Iceland/Japan]. Effects of capture upon remaining animals. Potential future capture sites. Transport from the wild. Transport from tank to tank. “Orca laundering”. Breeding loan. Special deals. Section 4 Life in the tank Standards and regulations for captive display [USA/Canada/UK/Japan]. Conditions in captivity: Pool size. Pool design and water quality. Feeding. Acoustics and ambient noise. Social composition and companionship. Solitary confinement. Health of captive orcas: Survival rates and longevity. Causes of death. Stress. Aggressive behaviour towards other orcas. Aggression towards trainers. Section 5 Marine park myths Education. Conservation. Captive breeding. Research. Section 6 The display industry makes a killing Marketing the image. Lobbying. Dubious bedfellows. Drive fisheries. Over-capturing. Section 7 The times they are a-changing The future of marine parks. Changing climate of public opinion. Ethics. Alternatives to display. Whale watching. Cetacean-free facilities. Future of current captives. Release programmes. Section 8 Conclusions and recommendations Appendix: Location of current captives, and details of wild-caught orcas References The information contained in this report is believed to be correct at the time of last publication: 30th April 2001. Some information is inevitably date-sensitive: please notify the author with any comments or updated information. -
Applied Genetics •Crossing Organisms with Desirable Traits to Produce Offspring with Those Traits
5/23/2020 Plant and Animal Breeding Selective Breeding Applied Genetics •crossing organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring with those traits Inbreeding •Crossing animals or plants with similar genes. •Used to keeps animals or plants purebreds. •May also keep bad genes in the population. Plant and Animal Breeding Hybridization Liger and Tigon •Crossing two organism (usually from the same or close species) with different variations of a trait. •Offspring may be sterile or have developmental problems. + = 1 5/23/2020 + = Zorse Zebra and Shetland Pony = Zetland Donkey + Zebra = Donkra Yak + Domestic Cow = Dzo Sheep and a Goat = Toast Beefalo 2 5/23/2020 + + = Wholphin = Grolar Bear Lama and a Camel + Cama = Leopon Genetic Engineering The process in which genes are transferred from one organism to another or artificially designed. 3 5/23/2020 Recombinant DNA Bacterial Transformation •inserting a gene into another organisms •Plasmids = Free floating circular pieces genome. of bacterial DNA in bacteria. 5 3 1 4 2 1- remove plasmid from bacteria. 2- cut plasmid with a restriction enzyme. 3- insert new gene in plasmid. 4- Force plasmid into bacteria cell.. 5- New genes forces bacteria to make gene product. Ex: human insulin Genetic Engineering •GeneticallyGM Modified food GMO •Genetically altering plants for better produce. •Genetically altering plants for disease prevention. Many plants that you buy in stores are genetically altered. ex: tomatoes , corn, and wheat 4 5/23/2020 Products of Genetic Engineering Products of Genetic Engineering Medical •Correcting genetic diseases. Designing genes to combat disease •Using bacteria to make drugs, hormones, and enzymes. ex: bubble boy disease, brain diseases 5 5/23/2020 Future of Genetics Gene Therapy •inserting “good” genes in a virus and the virus infects a human cell and inserts the good gene Clone •a genetic copy of an organism •Natural •Artificial 6 5/23/2020 Human Genome Project Human Genome Project 7. -
Whales and Dolphins Pdf, Epub, Ebook
WHALES AND DOLPHINS PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Susannah Davidson | 48 pages | 27 Jun 2008 | Usborne Publishing Ltd | 9780746098219 | English | London, United Kingdom Whales and Dolphins PDF Book Lawrence River Scientists spot rare dolphin hybrid Video. It is thought that the fin whale song is part of a male mating display. Chicago Tribune. This picture shows a family of orcas off the Canadian coast. On December 23, , Kekaimalu had her third calf, daughter Kawili Kai, sired by a male bottlenose. In , Kekaimalu gave birth again, to daughter Pohaikealoha. Cama Bukht Huarizo. If these mammals become stranded, they can dry out, overheat, suffocate or suffer severe inner injuries because of their enormous dead weight. Retrieved July 9, Reproduction Dolphins and whales are matriarchal in their social organization, allowing males to commingle with females only during the mating season. Most diverse songs Bowhead whales have the greatest number and diversity of songs of all whales and they like to improvise, just like jazz musicians. About the Author. The drones have been used since to study northern and southern resident killer whales off B. Deutsche Welle. Name required. It was filmed off the coast of South Africa. Male humpback whales are the best-known singers; their songs are beautiful, complex and ever-evolving. Global impact Working around the world to save whales and dolphins. Our successes WDC has been fighting for whales and dolphins for thirty years, both in the UK and elsewhere. Most dolphins have between 58 and 94 teeth. For many exhausted animals, however, even these immediate measures often come too late. By Tanya Lewis, Staff Writer. -
Macmillan Dictionary Buzzword: Zonkey
TEACHER’S NOTES zonkey www.macmillandictionary.com Overview: Suggestions for using the Macmillan Dictionary BuzzWord article on zonkey and the associated worksheets Total time for worksheet activities: 45 minutes Suggested level: Upper intermediate and above 1. If you intend to use the worksheets in animal they are describing, e.g. ‘I have paws class, go to the BuzzWord article at the and whiskers, what am I?’ (= cat). web address given at the beginning of the 6. All the words for baby animals in Exercise worksheet and print off a copy of the article. 4 have entries in the Macmillan Dictionary. Make a copy of the worksheet and the Ask students to complete the exercise BuzzWord article for each student. You might individually, starting with the words they know find it helpful not to print a copy of the Key for and then looking up any unfamiliar ones as each student but to check the answers as necessary. Check answers as a class. a class. 7. Exercise 5 explores some common 2. If the members of your class all have internet conversational idioms based on animals. access, ask them to open the worksheet Explain to students that using idiomatic before they go to the Buzzword article link. phrases like these can make conversational Make sure they do not scroll down to the Key English sound more natural, but getting until they have completed each exercise. them wrong is a very obvious mistake! Ask 3. Encourage students to read through the students to complete the exercise in pairs. questions in Exercise 1 before they look Explain that if they need to use a dictionary at the BuzzWord article. -
Killer Whale (Aka Orca) Orcinus Orca
PGAV Zoo Design SDT Animal of the Month Killer Whale (aka Orca) Orcinus orca 1. Animal Type: Mammal 2. Conservation Status: Endangered (Southern resident population only—Others: Status unknown) a. Range/Habitat i. From the open sea to coasts, from equator to polar areas. ii. The most distributed of all cetaceans, it occurs in all oceans and seas. 3. Size a. Male: 10 tons and 19’ long b. Female: 7.5 tons and 16’ long c. At birth: 6 ½ feet to 8 feet 4. Social Structure a. Killer whales are a social species living in pods of 3-25 b. Killer whales use their calls to coordinate hunting behavior and to maintain contact with other members of their pod. Clicks are used by all toothed whales for echolocation, and they may also be used to communicate. i. With orcas, several resident pods may join to form a community. Each pod has a unique dialect, similar to other pods in its community. It is quite different from the dialects of other pods with which they are not in contact. ii. Studies of the orca show the subtlety and variety of whale language. They use discrete calls – distinct sounds separated into characteristic types that can be heard 5 miles away. Those in the northwest use between 7-17 calls each. They make different noises when playing or socializing. 5. Reproduction a. Gestation period is thought to be 12-16 months, with most calves born between October and March. b. Orcas have long childhoods, reaching maturity about 15 years old. c. A female can produce as many as 5 calves over a 25 year period. -
While Rome Burns…A Report Into Conditions in the Zoos of Ontario
While Rome Burns … A Report into Conditions in the Zoos of Ontario Prepared by: Samantha Lindley, BVSc, MRCVS September 1998 Published by: Zoocheck Canada Inc. 2646 St. Clair Avenue East Toronto, Ontario M4B 3M1 (Canada) Ph (416) 285-1744 Fax (416) 285-4670 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.zoocheck.com World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) Canada 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Ste. 960 Toronto, Ontario M4P 1Y3(Canada) Ph (416) 369-0044 Fax (416) 369-0147 Email: [email protected] Web Site: www.wspa.ca While Rome Burns…A Report into Conditions in the Zoos of Ontario Table of Contents Foreword …………………………………………………………………………. i About the Author ………………………………………………………………… iii While Rome Burns . Introduction ……………………..……..……………….. 1 Zoos in Ontario: A Discussion ………………………………………………….. 3 The “Ideal” Zoo? ………………………………………………………………… 3 Get-aways ……………………………………………………………………….. 3 Safety and Security ……………………………………………………………… 3 Education ………………………………………………………………………… 4 Behaviour ………………………………………………………………………… 5 Stereotypic Behaviour ……………………………………………………………. 5 Stereotypic Behaviour vs. Displacement Behaviour …………………………….. 6 The Conservation Argument …………………………………………………….. 7 The Welfare Issue ……………………………………………………………….. 8 Zoos in Ontario Bergeron’s Exotic Animal Sanctuary …………………………………………… 11 Greenview Aviaries, Park and Zoo ……………………………………………… 15 The Killman Zoo ………………………………………………………………… 19 Lazy Acre Farm …………………………………………………………………. 25 Marineland of Canada …………………………………………………………… 29 Northwoods Buffalo and Exotic Animal Ranch ………………………………… 35 Pineridge -
Stopping the Use, Sale and Trade of Whales and Dolphins in Canada How Protection Is Consistent with WTO Obligations
Stopping the use, sale and trade of whales and dolphins in Canada How protection is consistent with WTO obligations Prepared by Leesteffy Jenkins, Attorney at Law 219 West Main St., P.O. Box 634 Hillsborough, NH 03244-0634 Phone (603) 464-4395 For ZOOCHECK CANADA INC. 3266 Yonge Street, Suite 1417 Toronto, Ontario M4N 3P6 (416) 285-1744 (p) (416) 285-4670 (f ) [email protected] www.zoocheck.com This legal analysis was commissioned by Zoocheck Canada as part of a research initiative looking into how trade laws impact the trade and use of whales and dolphins in Canada, and to educate the public about the same. Page 1 April 25, 2003 QUESTION PRESENTED Whether a Canadian ban on the import and export of live cetaceans, wild-caught, captive born or those caught earlier in the wild and now considered captive, would violate Canada's obligations pursuant to the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements. CONCLUSION It is my understanding that there is currently no specific Canadian legislation banning the import/export of live cetaceans. Based on the facts* presented to me, however, it is my opinion that such legislation could be enacted consistent with WTO rules. This memorandum attempts to outline both the conditions under which Canadian regulation of trade in live cetaceans may be consistent with the WTO Agreements, as well as provide some guidance in the crafting of future legislation. PEER REVIEW & COMMENTS Chris Wold, Steve Shrybman, Esq Clinical Professor of Law and Director Sack, Goldblatt, Mitchell International Environmental Law Project 20 Dundas Street West, Ste 1130 Northwestern School of Law Toronto, Ontario M5G 2G8 Lewis and Clark College Tel.: (416) 979-2235 10015 SW Terwilliger Blvd Email: [email protected] Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. -
Recommendations for the Care and Maintenance of Marine Mammals © Canadian Council on Animal Care, 2014
Recommendations for the care and maintenance of marine mammals © Canadian Council on Animal Care, 2014 ISBN: 978-0-919087-57-6 Canadian Council on Animal Care 190 O’Connor St., Suite 800 Ottawa ON K2P 2R3 http://www.ccac.ca Acknowledgements The development of the Recommendations for the care and maintenance of marine mammals was com- missioned to the Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC) by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). To complete this task, the CCAC Standards Committee created the ad hoc subcommittee on marine mammals. We acknowledge and thank all the members of the subcommittee who worked together to develop, review, and guide this document through to publication: Dr. Pierre-Yves Daoust, University of Prince Edward Island Mr. John Ford, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Mr. Henrik Kreiberg, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) Dr. Clément Lanthier, Calgary Zoo Dr. Kay Mehren, Veterinarian Emeritus, Toronto Zoo Ms. Tracy Stewart, Marineland of Canada Mr. Clint Wright, Vancouver Aquarium Dr. Gilly Griffin, Canadian Council on Animal Care We would also like to take this opportunity to recognize the dedication and vision of Dr. Jon Lien (Memo- rial University, deceased 2010), the Committee’s first Chair. Jon played a pivotal role in the creation of this document. It was the Lien Report: A review of live- capture and captivity of marine mammals in Canada that inspired DFO to request that CCAC develop recommendations for the care and maintenance of marine mammals. His vision became a collective goal - to improve the quality of life for all marine mammals held in captivity. -
A Summary of the Effects of Captivity on Orcas
A Summary of the Effects of Captivity on Orcas PEOPLE FOR THE ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS Contents The Eff ects of Captivity on Tilikum and Orcas Generally at SeaWorld…………..................................…………......3 I. Orcas Are Extremely Intelligent Mammals Whose Brains Are Highly Developed in Areas Responsible for Complex Cognitive Functions, Including Self-Awareness, Social Cognition, Culture, and Language …………………………………………...............................................................................................…...4 II. Tilikum Is Deprived of Every Facet of His Culture and the Opportunity to Engage in Natural Behavior, Causing Extreme Stress and Suff ering….…………….….......................................................5 A. The Tanks at SeaWorld Provide Inadequate Space and Result in Stress……….…...........................5 B. SeaWorld’s Constant Manipulation of Tilikum’s Social Structure Results in Stress.................7 C. The Tanks at SeaWorld Create a Distressing Acoustic Environment…….………..….........................9 III. The Stressors of the Captive Environment at SeaWorld Result in Aggressiveness, Self- Injury, and Other Physical and Behavioral Abnormalities………………….……..............................................10 A. Aggression Between Orcas and Between Orcas and Humans……..……………..............................……10 B. Stereotypic Behavior………………….……………………………………….......................................................................….…..13 1. Painful Dental Problems Caused by Chewing Metal Gates and Concrete Tanks.....14 2. -
Pseudorca Crassidens (False Killer Whale)
UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour Pseudorca crassidens (False Killer Whale) Family: Delphinidae (Oceanic Dolphins and Killer Whales) Order: Cetacea (Whales and Dolphins) Class: Mammalia (Mammals) Fig. 1. False killer whale, Pseudorca crassidens. [http://ocean.si.edu/ocean-photos/killer-whale-imposter, downloaded 31 October 2015] TRAITS. Pseudorca crassidens is at the upper size range within its family (Delphinidae); males can be as much as 6.1m and females 4.9m in head and body length (Nowak, 1999). Both sexes weigh in at around 700kg (NOAA Fisheries, 2013) although they can reach a maximum weight of 1360kg (Nowak, 1999). Newly born offspring are typically no longer than 1.8m and are only a fraction of an adult’s weight (Leatherwood, 1988). The false killer whale has a bulb or melon feature on its forehead (Fig. 1) which is slightly larger in males, and a narrow head which tapers into its slightly elongated and rounded snout. The jaws of P. crassidens hold 8-11 pairs of thick teeth and have an overhang, with the upper jaw protruding forward past the lower jaw. The thin sickle shaped dorsal fin of the false killer whale is also slightly tapered and can measure as much as 40cm tall (Leatherwood, 1988; Nowak, 1999). The pectoral flippers have a characteristic UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Behaviour shape unique in its family, with a bulge on the front edge. Sexual dimorphism also occurs in the skull with size variation between male and female which measure 58-65cm and 55-59cm respectively. -
22629 Application
Project Information File Number #22629 *Project Title Health-related Research on beluga whales conducted at Mystic Aquarium to contribute knowledge and inform management and recovery of wild beluga populations, including the ESA-endangered Cook Inlet and MMPA-depleted Sakhalin Bay-Nikolaya Bay-Amur River beluga populations. *Project Status New Previous Federal or State Permit # NMFS Parts Permit #21966 (Issued 3/30/2018) Scientific Research/Enhancement Permit #42-1642 (Expired 10/15/2007) Scientific Research/Enhancement Permit #42-1908 (Expired 1/31/2014) *Permits Requested MMPA Research permit *Where Will the Activities Occur? Transport of animals will occur from Marineland, Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada to Mystic Aquarium, Mystic, CT USA. Research activities will occur at Mystic Aquarium, 55 Coogan Boulevard, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. Mystic Aquarium has a formal partnership agreement with Georgia Aquarium that includes research, animal exchanges, education and PR initiatives (See Appendix 1 Georgia_Mystic_Partnership). If deemed in the best interest of an individual beluga or the US beluga population for social, health, or welfare reasons, animals may be moved to Georgia Aquarium (Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street NW, Atlanta, GA USA) which has agreed to participate in the described research studies and sample collections that can be conducted as part of the routine health monitoring of the belugas housed at the aquarium. Georgia Aquarium is an accredited facility with experience in the care of belugas. *Research Timeframe The requested duration of the permit is for a 5-year period: January 1, 2020 through December 31, 2025. *Sampling Season/Project Duration Import is proposed to occur in January 2020.