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Izolované Kosterní Nálezy Anatomicky Moderního Člověka Z Mladého Paleolitu

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Izolované Kosterní Nálezy Anatomicky Moderního Člověka Z Mladého Paleolitu PŘÍRODOVĚDECKÁ FAKULTA Izolované kosterní nálezy anatomicky moderního člověka z mladého paleolitu BC. VOJTĚCH ZÁBOJNÍK doc. Mgr. Sandra Sázelová, Ph.D. Antropologie Brno 2021 IZOLOVANÉ KOSTERNÍ NÁLEZY ANATOMICKY MODERNÍHO ČLOVĚKA Z MLADÉHO PALEOLITU Bibliografický záznam Autor: Bc. Vojtěch Zábojník Přírodovědecká fakulta Masarykova univerzita Název práce: Izolované kosterní nálezy anatomicky moderního člověka z mladého paleolitu Studijní program: Antropologie Studijní obor: Antropologie Vedoucí práce: doc. Mgr. Sandra Sázelová, Ph.D. Rok: 2021 Počet stran: 189 Klíčová slova: Mladý paleolit, Anatomicky moderní člověk, Izolované kosterní nálezy, Izolované zubní nálezy, Aurignacien, Gravettien, Solutréen, Magdalénien, Izolovanost, Fragmentárnost, Lidské ostatky 2 IZOLOVANÉ KOSTERNÍ NÁLEZY ANATOMICKY MODERNÍHO ČLOVĚKA Z MLADÉHO PALEOLITU Bibliographic record Author: Bc. Vojtěch Zábojník Faculty of Science Masaryk University Title of Thesis: Isolated skeletal remains of anatomic modern humans from Upper Paleolithic Degree Programme: Anthropology Field of study: Anthropology Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Sandra Sázelová, Ph.D. Year: 2021 Number of Pages: 189 Keywords: Upper Palaeolithic, Anatomic modern human, Isolated skeletal remains, Isolated dental remains, Aurignacian, Gravettian, Solutrean, Magdalenian, Isolation, Fragmentarity, Human remains 3 IZOLOVANÉ KOSTERNÍ NÁLEZY ANATOMICKY MODERNÍHO ČLOVĚKA Z MLADÉHO PALEOLITU Anotace Tato diplomová práce řeší problematiku izolovaných kosterních nálezů anatomicky moder- ního člověka (AMČ) z mladého paleolitu. Cílem bylo vytvořit databázi ostatků AMČ a in- terpretovat nálezové okolnosti z lokalit, které se nachází na území Portugalské republiky, Španělského království, Německé spolkové republiky, Rakouské republiky, České republiky a na území Polské republiky. Základem práce se stalo studium paleoantropologické tuzem- ské a světové literatury. Protože nálezy AMČ jsou často izolované a v některých případech i velmi fragmentované je velmi obtížné interpretovat, které procesy zapříčinily izolovanost a fragmentárnost ostatků. Ve výsledku lze říci, že ze skeletálních nálezů AMČ jsou nejpo- četnější fragmenty diafýz končetin, byť jsou zastoupeny na méně lokalitách. Pokud vezme v úvahu hustotu kostí na morfologii, pak je ale větší pravděpodobnost dochování kranioden- tálních prvků (což dokládá sice jejich menší počet v porovnání s kostmi končetin, zato jsou zastoupeny na větším spektru lokalit). 5 IZOLOVANÉ KOSTERNÍ NÁLEZY ANATOMICKY MODERNÍHO ČLOVĚKA Z MLADÉHO PALEOLITU Abstract The master thesis addresses the issue of isolated skeletal remains of anatomically modern human (AMH) dated to the Upper Palaeolithic. The aim was to create a database of AMH remains and to interpret their finding circumstances from localities located in the Portuguese Republic, the Kingdom of Spain, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Austria, the Czech Republic and the Republic of Poland. The work was based on the study of paleo- anthropological Czech and international literature. Due to the fact, that AMH findings are often isolated and, in some cases, very fragmented, it is very difficult to interpret which processes caused the isolation and fragmentation of these remains. As a result, it can be said that of the skeletal findings of AMH, the most numerous are fragments of the diaphysis of the limbs, although they are represented in fewer localities. However, if we take into account the bone density on the morphology, then there is a greater probability of preservation of craniodental elements (which is evidenced by their smaller number compared to the bones of the limbs, but they are represented in a wider range of localities). 6 IZOLOVANÉ KOSTERNÍ NÁLEZY ANATOMICKY MODERNÍHO ČLOVĚKA Z MLADÉHO PALEOLITU 7 IZOLOVANÉ KOSTERNÍ NÁLEZY ANATOMICKY MODERNÍHO ČLOVĚKA Z MLADÉHO PALEOLITU Čestné prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem diplomovou práci na téma Izolované kosterní nálezy anatomicky moderního člověka z mladého paleolitu zpracoval sám. Veškeré prameny a zdroje informací, které jsem použil k sepsání této práce, byly citovány v textu a jsou uvedeny v seznamu použitých pramenů a literatury. V Brně 2. června 2021 ....................................... Bc. Vojtěch Zábojník 8 IZOLOVANÉ KOSTERNÍ NÁLEZY ANATOMICKY MODERNÍHO ČLOVĚKA Z MLADÉHO PALEOLITU Poděkování Těmito slovy bych rád poděkoval paní doc. Mgr. Sandře Sázelové, Ph.D. za vedení di- plomové práce, za cenné rady, za trpělivost a za přístup k jedinečným paleoantropolo- gickým literárním publikacím. Ale především bych Vám rád poděkoval za inspiraci, abych pokračoval v antropologii i po dokončení magisterského studia. 9 OBSAH Obsah Seznam obrázků 15 Seznam tabulek 17 Seznam pojmů a zkratek 18 1 Úvod 19 1.1 Cíl práce................................................................................................................................ 20 2 Mladý paleolit 21 2.1 Aurignacien ......................................................................................................................... 23 2.2 Gravettien ............................................................................................................................ 24 2.3 Solutréen.............................................................................................................................. 27 2.4 Magdalénien ....................................................................................................................... 29 3 Materiály a metody 34 4 Databáze izolovaných kosterních nálezů anatomicky moderního člověka38 4.1 Portugalská republika .................................................................................................... 38 4.1.1 Gruta do Caldeirão ................................................................................................. 40 4.1.2 Galería de Cisterna ................................................................................................. 40 4.1.3 Lapa do Suão ............................................................................................................ 41 4.2 Španělské království ....................................................................................................... 43 4.2.1 Cova Beneito ............................................................................................................ 43 4.2.2 Tito Bustillo .............................................................................................................. 46 4.2.3 El Buxu ........................................................................................................................ 46 4.2.4 Las Caldas .................................................................................................................. 46 4.2.5 La Carigüela .............................................................................................................. 46 4.2.6 El Castillo ................................................................................................................... 47 4.2.7 La Chora ..................................................................................................................... 47 4.2.8 Cobalejos.................................................................................................................... 48 4.2.9 Erralla ......................................................................................................................... 48 4.2.10 Cova Foradada ......................................................................................................... 49 11 OBSAH 4.2.11 La Lloseta .................................................................................................................. 49 4.2.12 Les Malladetes ......................................................................................................... 50 4.2.13 Cueto de la Mina ..................................................................................................... 51 4.2.14 El Mirón ...................................................................................................................... 51 4.2.15 Morín ........................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.16 Cueva de Nerja......................................................................................................... 52 4.2.17 La Paloma .................................................................................................................. 53 4.2.18 El Parpalló ................................................................................................................. 53 4.2.19 La Pasiega .................................................................................................................. 54 4.2.20 Rascaño ...................................................................................................................... 55 4.2.21 La Riera ...................................................................................................................... 55 4.2.22 Santián ........................................................................................................................ 56 4.2.23 Santimamiñe ............................................................................................................ 56 4.3 Spolková republika Německo ...................................................................................... 57 4.3.1 Barnberghöhle......................................................................................................... 57 4.3.2 Bettelküche
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