Programa Especial Do Parque Natural Das Serras De Aire E Candeeiros

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Programa Especial Do Parque Natural Das Serras De Aire E Candeeiros PROGRAMA ESPECIAL DO PARQUE NATURAL DAS SERRAS DE AIRE E CANDEEIROS RELATÓRIO DO PROGRAMA Maio 2021 Versão para Discussão Pública ÍNDICE GERAL 1. ENQUADRAMENTO .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 ENQUADRAMENTO LEGAL DA RECONDUÇÃO E DO PROGRAMA ESPECIAL .............................................................................1 1.2 PRESSUPOSTOS DA RECONDUÇÃO .............................................................................................................................................2 1.3 LEGISLAÇÃO ESPECÍFICA DA ÁREA PROTEGIDA ..........................................................................................................................5 1.3.1 LEGISLAÇÃO DE CRIAÇÃO DA ÁREA PROTEGIDA E POSTERIOR ............................................................................................5 2. DESCRIÇÃO DA ÁREA PROTEGIDA .................................................................................................................................... 10 3. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA ÁREA PROTEGIDA E VALORAÇÃO DO PATRIMÓNIO NATURAL ........................................................... 13 3.1 CARACTERIZAÇÃO FÍSICA .......................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 CLIMA.................................................................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 GEOLOGIA ............................................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.1.3 SOLOS E CARACTERIZAÇÃO AGROFLORESTAL .................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 CARACTERIZAÇÃO BIOLÓGICA .................................................................................................................................................. 36 3.2.1 FLORA E VEGETAÇÃO ........................................................................................................................................................... 36 3.2.2 FAUNA E BIÓTOPOS ............................................................................................................................................................. 47 3.3 CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA PAISAGEM............................................................................................................................................. 64 3.4 CARACTERIZAÇÃO SOCIOECONÓMICA .................................................................................................................................... 73 3.4.1 POPULAÇÃO ......................................................................................................................................................................... 73 3.4.2 ATIVIDADES .......................................................................................................................................................................... 79 3.4.2.1 TURISMO .............................................................................................................................................................................. 84 3.4.2.2 APROVEITAMENTO DE MASSAS MINERAIS (PEDREIRAS)................................................................................................... 88 3.4.2.3 PARQUES EÓLICOS ............................................................................................................................................................... 94 3.5 CARACTERIZAÇÃO DO PATRIMÓNIO CULTURAL ..................................................................................................................... 95 3.5.1 PATRIMÓNIO ARQUEOLÓGICO ........................................................................................................................................... 95 3.5.2 PATRIMÓNIO ETNOGRÁFICO E PATRIMÓNIO ETNOLÓGICO ............................................................................................. 97 3.5.3 MUSEUS E CENTROS DE INTERPRETAÇÃO (PATRIMÓNIO MÓVEL) ................................................................................. 100 4. AVALIAÇÃO DOS FATORES CONDICIONANTES AO ORDENAMENTO E GESTÃO DA ÁREA PROTEGIDA ...................................... 107 5. AVALIAÇÃO DA COMPATIBILIDADE COM A REDE NATURA 2000/RELATÓRIO DE CONFORMIDADE COM O PSRN2000 ........... 112 6. DESCRIÇÃO FUNDAMENTADA DA PROPOSTA DE ORDENAMENTO E DO MODELO TERRITORIAL ......................................... 116 6.1 ESTRUTURA DO MODELO TERRITORIAL ................................................................................................................................ 116 6.2 MODELO TERRITORIAL – REGIMES DE PROTEÇÃO................................................................................................................ 117 6.2.1 ÁREAS DE PROTEÇÃO PARCIAL DOTIPO I .......................................................................................................................... 117 6.2.2 ÁREAS DE PROTEÇÃO PARCIAL DO TIPO II ........................................................................................................................ 118 6.2.3 ÁREAS DE PROTEÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR DO TIPO I .......................................................................................................... 118 6.2.4 ÁREAS DE PROTEÇÃO COMPLEMENTAR DO TIPO II ......................................................................................................... 119 6.2.5 ÁREAS DE INTERVENÇÃO ESPECÍFICA ............................................................................................................................... 120 6.2.6 ÁREAS NÃO ABRANGIDAS POR REGIMES DE PROTEÇÃO ................................................................................................. 120 6.2.7 ÁREAS RECUPERADAS ........................................................................................................................................................ 121 6.3 AJUSTES AO MODELO TERRITORIAL....................................................................................................................................... 121 7. BIBLIOGRAFIA .............................................................................................................................................................. 130 8. ANEXOS ....................................................................................................................................................................... 137 8.1 GEOLOGIA E GEOMORFOLOGIA ............................................................................................................................................. 137 8.2 HIDROGEOLOGIA..................................................................................................................................................................... 141 8.3 LISTA DOS GEOSÍTIOS COM RELEVÂNCIA NO PNSAC ............................................................................................................ 144 8.4 HABITATS DO ANEXO B-I DA DIRETIVA HABITATS PRESENTES NO PNSAC ........................................................................... 151 8.5 CATÁLOGO FLORÍSTICO DO PNSAC ........................................................................................................................................ 154 8.6 LISTA DE BRIÓFITOS COM CATEGORIA DE AMEAÇA UICN, QUE OCORREM NO PNSAC ..................................................... 178 8.7 LISTA DOS VERTEBRADOS TERRESTRES COM REGISTO DE OCORRÊNCIA NO PNSAC ......................................................... 179 8.8 LISTA DOS ALGARES COM IMPORTÂNCIA PARA A FAUNA.................................................................................................... 185 8.9 PRINCIPAIS ALTERAÇÕES REGISTADAS ENTRE 2010 E 2015 (USO DO SOLO) ...................................................................... 187 8.10 PATRIMÓNIO CULTURAL CLASSIFICADO - PNSAC ................................................................................................................. 190 8.11 SÍTIOS ARQUEOLÓGICOS – PNSAC ......................................................................................................................................... 191 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1 - Enquadramento Administrativo do PNSAC .......................................................................................................................................................10 Figura 2- Modelo Digital do Terreno do MCE e limites do PNSAC ...................................................................................................................................20 Figura 3- Contexto do MCE no setor central da BL e respetiva geologia simplificada....................................................................................................23 Figura 4- Sistema Aquífero do MCE ....................................................................................................................................................................................26 Figura 5- Carta de habitats da Rede Natura 2000 no PNSAC ............................................................................................................................................38 Figura 6- Carta de interesse
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