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Kuzey Anadolu Alt Jura (Liyas) P H Y L S O C E T a T I D L E R I N I N T a K S O N

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Kuzey Anadolu Alt Jura (Liyas) P H Y L S O C E T a T I D L E R I N I N T a K S O N Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, C. 25, 31-40, Şubat, 1932 Bulletin of the Geological Society of Turkey, V. 25, 31 -40, February, 1982 Kuzey Anadolu Alt Jura (Liyas) PhylSocetatidlerinin taksonomik revizyonu (I. bölüm Taxonomic revision of the Lower Jurassic (Liassic) Phylloeeratids of Northern Turkey (part I) FÜSUN ALKAYA, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Maden Fakültesi, İstanbul. ,ÖZ : Bu çalışma kuzey Anadolu'nun Bilecik, Amasya ve Gümüşhane - Bayburt yörelerinde çeşitli yüzleklerden toplanan 3000 in üzerinde örnek ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fosilli tabakalar Üst Sinemuriyen - Alt Pliyensbahiyen yat konağında olup yalnız Gümüşhane - Bayburt yöresindekiler Toarsiyene kadar uzanmaktadır. Bu kayaçlar içersinde Phylloceratidae familyası dört cins ile temsil edilir : Phylloceras, Partschiceras, Hantkeniceras ve Calliphylloceras. Bu cinslere ait şu türler tanınmıştır : Phylloceras (Phylloceras) frondosum, P(P). lipoldi, P(P). heber- tinum, P(P). meneghinii, Phylloceras (Zetoceras) zetes P(Z). pseudozetes, P(Z). bonarellii, P(Z). oenotrium, P(Z). lavizzarii, Partschiceras striatocostatum, Hantkeniceras cf. hantkeni, P. pseudocalais, Calliphylloceras bicicolae. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünü oluşturan bu yazıda Phylloceras cinsine ait türler tanımlanmıştır. Yayma ha- zırlanmakta olan ikinci bölümde Partschiceras, Hantkeniceras ve Calliphylloceras cinslerine ait türlerin sistematik ta- nımları yer alacaktır. ABSTRACT : The present work is based on over 3000 specimens obtained from various localities in the Bilecik, Amasya and Gümüşhane - Bayburt regions, in northern Anatolia. The fossiliferous strata are within the range of Upper Sinemurian - Lower Pliensbachian, extending up into Toarcian only in the Gümüşhane - Bayburt region. The family Phylloceratidae are represented in these rocks by four genera : Phylloceras, Partschiceras Hantkeniceras and Calliphylloceras. The following species are identified: Phylloceras (Phy'loceras) frondosum, P(P). lipoldi, P(P). hebertinom, P(P). meneghinii, Phylloceras (Zetoceras) zetes, P(Z). pseudozetes, P(Z). bonarellii, P(Z). oenotrium, P(Z). lavizzarii, Partschiceras striatocostatum, Hantkeniceras cf. hantkeni, H. pseudocalais, Calliphylloceras bicicolae. In this first part, the species of Phylloceras are described. The second part, which is in preparation, will deal with genera Partschiceras, Hantkeniceras and Calliphylloceras. 32 ÂLKAYA GİRİŞ Fosil tanımlarında kullanılan terim vekısaltmalar Ammonitlerle ilgili ilk çalışmalarda değişik türler Am- a) Ölçüler (şekil la) monites cins ismi altında tanımlanırdı. Belirli bir dönem- D — Kavkının çapı (mm) den sonra değişik cins isimleri kullanılmaya başlanmış ben- zer türler cins, benzer cinsler familyalar içinde toplanarak U — Ombilik çizgisi üzerinde ölçülen ombilik çapı (mm) bir sınıflama sistemi kurulmuştur. Bu sınıflama sisteminde zaman zaman yeni bulgu ve kavramların ışığı altında bazı H — Sarılma düzlemine paralel ölçülen tur yüksekliği değişiklikler yapılmaktadır. Evrim zincirinin eksik halkala- tam) rı tamamlanıncaya kadarda bu değişiklikler devam edecek- W— Sarılma düzlemine dik ölçülen maksimum tur ge- tir. nişliği (mm) Phylloceratid ammonitler Türkiye'de en çok bulunan, U/D - Göreli ombilik (%) jeolojik çalışmalarda sunulan fosil listelerinde adlarına sık H/D — Göreli yükseklik (%) sık rastlanan ancak sistematik olarak hiç çalışılmamış bir W/D — Göreli genişlik (%) gurubu oluşturur. Bu çalışma Türkiye'de mevcut Phylloce- ratid türlerinin sistematik tanıtımı yanısıra bu güne değin H/W — Form oranı uygulanan sınıflamalardan en uygununu verilere dayana- rak belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. C — Yiv (constriction) sayısı (Hantkeniceras ve Cal- liphylloceras için kullanılmıştır). ÇALIŞMA YÖNTEMLERİ b) Septal sütur elemanlarının isimlendirilmesi (şekil lb) E — Dış lob Uygulanan sınıflama L — Lateral lob Phylloceratid ammonitlerin cins ve ait cins düzeyinde- ki sınıflaması yazarlara göre dikkate değer bir şekilde de- U - Ombilikal lob ğişmektedir. ArkelFe (1957) göre Plıylloceratidae familyası Seleler her iki yanındaki loblar gözetilerek isimlendiril- iki alt familyaya ayrılır : Phylloceratinae ve Calliphyllo- miştir. Örneğin E/L, L/U gibi. ceratinae; Alt Jura'da Phylloceratinae'nin temsilcileri Phylîoceras Suess, Partschieeras Fucini, Proclivlceras Fuci- Ölçüler ve sütur elemanları verilirken kullanılan kısalt- ni, Zetoceras Kovacs, Hantkeniceras Kovacs, Geyeroceras malar türkçe kelimelere karşılık gelen ingilizce kelime- Hyatt ve, Calliphylloeeratinae'nin temsilcileri Calliphylloce- lere aittir, örneğin kavkı çapı «Ç» harfi yerine «Diame- ras Spath ve Ca*aieeras Kovacs'tır. Wiedmann (1963) Hant- ter» kelimesinin baş harfi olan «D» harfi ile gösteril- lîcniceras Kovacs'ı Phylîoceras Suess'in ve Calaiceras Ko- miştir. Buradaki amaç daha geniş bir kitleye hitap ede* vacs'ı Partsehlceras Fucini'nin sinonimi olarak sınıflamak- bilmek, dili ne olursa olsun konu ile ilgili okuyuculara tadır. maksimum kolaylığı sağlayabilmektir. Mevcut kolleksiyon Bilecik, Amasya ve Gümüşhane - c) Morfolojik terimler (Şekil lc'de gösterilmiştir) Bayburt yörelerinde Alt Jura tabakalarından derlenen 3000 d) Tur kesitlerini tanımlarken kullanılan deyimlere ör- nin üzerinde phylloceratid kapsamaktadır. Örneklerin de- nekler şekil ld'de verilmiştir. ğerlendirilmesinde septal sütur ve kavkının genel özellik- leti esas alınmıştır. Farklı fosilleşme koşullarının neden olduğu benzemezlikler (örneğin tur kesitlerinin ayrıntıla- Fosil yerleri rı ve oransal değerler) ve bir tür veya cinsin değişkenlik Metinde adı geçen fosil yerlerinin yörelere göre dağı- sınırları göz önüne alınarak adlandırma yapılmıştır. Varı- lımı şöyledir (Şekil 2) : lan sonuçlar Fantini Sestini (1969, 1974) tarafından öneri- len sınıflamayı desteklemektedir. Bu sınıflamaya göre BÎLECÎK - Günüviran, Trafo (19) Phylloeeratidae familyası kuzey Anadolu Alt Jura tabaka- larında aşağıdaki cinslerle temsil edilmiştir : (sinonim ka- AMASYA - Taylı Yayla (2), Seyfe (3), Azrail Dere (4), bul edilenler parantez içinde belirtilmiştir.) Boyalı (6), Çalardı (7), Dudakbuyduran Yayla (8), Har Yaylası (9), Kızılkışlacık (10), Borabay (11), Alarıcık Tepe Cins Phylîoceras Suess, 1865 (13),Alıçlıkum (Karakese) (18). Altcins Phylîoceras s.s GÜMÜŞHANE — Sahandos Dere, Reksene (23) Altcins Zetoceras Kovacs, 1939 (= Lavîzzaroceras Ko- , BAYBURT - Akçakuzu (24). vacs, 1939) Fosil numaraları Cins Partschieeras Fucini, 1923 (= proeliviceras Fucini, 1923, Phyllopachyceras Spath, 1925) Numunelerde bir harfle ayrılan iki sayı takımı veril- mektedir, îlk sayı o numunenin alındığı yeri, aradaki harf Cins Hantkeniceras Kovacs, 1939 (= Calaiceras Kovacs. o numunenin ait olduğu cins veya altcinsin isminin ilk 1939) harfini (bunlardan biri yerine göre karışıklığı önlemek için seçilmiştir}, ikinci sayı ise o cins veya altcinse ait numune Cins Calliphylloceras Sptah, 1927 sayısını belirtir* örneğin : 34 ALKAYA 18Z59 Alıçlıkum — Phylloceras (Zetoceras) - 59 uncu 1934 Phylloceras frondosum - Monestier, s. 10, İv. 6, ş. 9, 21; numune İv. 9, ş. 3, 4, - 26 - 28; İv. 11, ş. 19,20. 19P400 Günüviran — Phylloceras {Phylloceras) - 400 1939 Phylloceras, frondosum - Ramaccioni, s. 146, İv. 10, ş. 5. üncü numune 1962 Phylloceras frondosum - Fantini Sestini, s. 495, İv. 37, §. 1, 2. 19P15 Günüviran — Partschiceras - 15 inci numune. 1962 Phylloceras subfrondosum - Fantini Sestini, s. 499, lv.37, ş.7, 8. SİSTEMATİK TANIMLAMA 1964 Phylloceras frondosum - Sguazzoni, s. 52, İv. 1, ş. Üstfamilya PHYLLOCERATACEAE Zittel, 1884 14 -16. Familya PHYLLOCERATIDAE Zittel, 1884 1967 Phylloceras frondosum - Cantaluppi, s. 17, İv. 1, ş. 1,2. Cins PHYLLOCERAS Suess, 1865 1972 Phyiloceras frondosum i Fischer, s. 52,54. Altcins PHYLLOCERAS S.S 1974 Phylloceras (Phylloceras) frondosum - Fantini Ses- tini, s. 222* : Phylloceras (Phylloceras) frondosum (Reynes, 1868) Levha I, Şekil 4a - d Materyel. îç kalıp halinde oldukça iyi korunmuş çok sayıda fragmakon. 1868 Amin. frondosus Reynes, s. 98, İv. 5, ş. 1 Tanım. Sarılma involüt. Ombilik küçük ve derin, çapa 1875 A. (Phylloceras) frondosus- Meneghini, s. 89, İv. 18, oranı %8-12. Tur kesiti yanlardan sıkışmış elipse benzer; karın dar bir şekilde yuvarlanır, yanlar hafifçe dışbükey, 1881 A. {Phylloceras) frondosus - Meneghini, s. 31, İv. 4, ombilik duvarı yuvarlaktır. Dışarıya doğru eğimli ombili- §.1. kal omuzlar ombilik çevresinde koni şeklinde bir alan oluş- 1896a Phylloceras frondosum - Fücini, s. 138, İv. 2, ş. 7. turur. İç kalıp üzerinde süsler görülmez. Sütur çizgisinde, 1896b Phylloceras frondosum - Fucini, s. 224, İv. 24, ş. 19. E sığ; E/L trifillik; L geniş ve asimetrik olarak trifid, E'den 1897 Phylloceras frondosum - Pompeckj, s. 729, İv. 29, §. 9. daha derin; L/U tetraf illiktir. 1900 Phylloceras frondosum - Del Campana, s. 567, İv. 7, $.13. 1901 Phylloceras frondosum -Fucini, s. 41, İv. 9, §. 6-3. 1909 Phylloceras frondosum - Rosenberg, s. 210, İv. 10, ş.13,14. 1913 Phylloceras frondosum - Haas, s. 15, İv. 1, ş. 8, 9; İv. 7,5.2. 1927 Phylloceras frondosum - Schroder, s. 121, İv. 7, ş. 2. 1933 Phylloceras frondosum - Negri, s. 119, İv. 10, ş. 6, 7. 1933 Phylloceras sutfrondosum - Negri, s. 112, İv. 10, ş. 8, 9. KUZEY ANADOLU ALT JURA PHYLLOCERATİDLERÎ 35 Düşünceler. Bu türe ait 300 ün üzerinde örnek toplan- 1813 Phylloceras cf. hebertinum - Haas, s. 16, İv. 1, ş. 10; mıştır. Bütün örnekler sarılma şekli, tur kesiti ve sütur İv. 7, ş. 4. çizgisinin ayrıntılarında aynı özellikleri göstermekte ve tü- 1923 Phylloceras hebertinum - Fucini, s. 99, İv. 6, ş. 5. rün orijinal tanımına uymaktadır. Türü belirleyen ve di- 1933 Phylloceras cf.
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