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Triassic of the West Carpathians Mts

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X. CONGRESS OF CARPATHIAN-BALKAN GEOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION Guide to Eitcursion D Triassic of the West Carpathians Mts. BY JAN BYSTRICKY GEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF DIONtz STOR BRATISLAVA 1973 Excurslon D: August 29 - September 2, 1973 Leader of excursion: Jan B y strick y Excursion-guide prepared by: Jan B y s t r i c k y in co-operation with V. An d r u so v o v a, K. B o r z a, A. B u j n o vs k y, J. Ja b l o n s k y, M. Koch an o v ä, R. Marschalko, J. Mello, J. Michalik, M. Mi- s 1 k, M. V e d e j 0 V ä Translated by E. J a s s i n g e r o v a © Geologicky iistav Dio~yza Stüra, 1973 Contents Introduction fT. Bystricky j 5 The Geological Structure of the West Carpathians f j. Bys- trieky} 8 The Klippen Belt 8 The Inner Carpathians 10 Facial areas of the Triassic in the West Carpathians { j. Bystricky) 15 The Slovak Karst [ j. Bystrick{j) 20 Description of localities 31 1. Meliata [ K. Borza} 31 2. Skalica-Gemerskä Hörka { f. Bystricky) 34 3. Kefovo { j. Bystricky) 36 4. The Gombasek winding paths { j. Mello-f. Bys- tricky) 38 5. Zakazane fl. Bystricky, j. Mello) 42 6. Silicka Brezova { j. Bystrlcky) 44 7. Drnava [j. Mello, j. Bystricky) 52 The Stratenskä hornatina mountains 59 8. Geravy { j. Bystricky) 67 The Muranska plosina (plateau) ff. Bystricky} 68 9. Ve1ka Lüka f K. Borza} 76 The Nizke Tatry Mts. and Choc { T. Bystric~y) . 78 10. Hybe [j. Michallk) 88 11. Svarin [V. Andrusovov(I J • 92 12. Liptovsky Hrädok { R. Marschalko) 97 13. Turik { K. Borza) . 101 14. Liptovskä Osada [ A, Bu;novsky-M. Kochanova) . 103 15. Liptovska Osada [ f. jablonsky J 107· 16. Donovaly [O. Fe;dtov(I) 109 17. Donovaly {M. MiSlk) . 111 The Ve1kä Fatra Mts. (/. Bystricky) . 113 18. Banska Bystrica f M. Vede;ov(Ij 117 19. Maly Sturec ff. Bystricky) 122 20. Cremosne f M. Miszk) 124 Strafovske pohorie Mts. 128 21. Valaskä Belä-Hireska f1. Michallk) 128 22. Valaskä Beld - Carpathian Keuper {V. 15urovic) 132 References 133 lntroduction In the West Carpathians, the Triassic is one of the thickest and most frequent mesozoic formations. lt is in all the principal tectonic units of the Inner Carpathians, and in the Klippen Belt. lt is only missing in the Guter Carpathians, in the basement cf the flysch; due to the continental ridge, the so-called "Vindelice­ Beskydy wall" ( D. A n d r u s o v 1965), or due to the transport of the Lower and Middle Triassic during the Upper Triassic. Then the submarine ridge emerged and formed a source of detrltal material of the Lunz beds and of the Carpathian Keuper (A. Bi e- 1 'Y - J. B y s t r i c k y 1964 ) . Since the beginning pf the geological investigations in Slo­ vakia, the stratigraphy of the Triassic sediments is based on the correlation of lithostratigraphical units of the West Car­ pathians with those of the Triassic in the East Alps. Lithostrati­ graphic units equivalents of which are in the East Alps, are denominated by terms of the Alpine stratigraphical nomenclature (for example: Gutenstein limestones, Wetterstein limestones, and others). For lithostratigraphic units formerly regarded as Creta­ ceous, without their equivalents in the Cretaceous of the East Alps, new terms were introduced (for example: the Choc dolo­ mite, the Veternik limestone, the Rachsthurn limestone, and others). 'rhe terms became unnecessary after the lithostratl­ graphic units mentioned proved to be Triassic sediments; the terms were, howev.er, used for quite a long time in literature. At present these lithostratigraphic units are distinguished in the Triassic: The Lower Triassic 1. beds of the Seissian; 2. beds of the Campilian (Lower and Upper); 3. basal quartzites (the equivalents of the Alpine Sem­ mering quartzite, D. A n d r u s o v 1968). The Middle Triassic: 4. the Gutenstein limestones and dolomites; 5. the Annaberg limestones and dolomites; 7. the Steinalm limestones and do­ lomites; 8. the Schreyeralm limestones; 9. the Wetterstein limestones; 10. the Wetterstein dolomites; 11. the Reifling lime­ stones. 5 The Upper Triassic: 12. the "Aon beds"; 13. the Lunz beds; 14. the Reingraben shales; 15. the Raming limestones; 16. the Oponitz limestones (the Cardita beds); 17. the Hauptdolomite; 18. the Carpathian Keuper; 19. the Tisovec limestones; 20. the Furmanec limestones; 21. the Dachstein limestones; 22. the Hallstatt limestones; 23. the Aflenz limestones; 24. the Zlambach beds; 25. the Rhaetic lime­ stones (non divided); 26. the Kössen beds. For some Uthostratigraphic units no terms exist because of difficulties with their correlation (for example limestones and dolomites of the Middle Triassic in the High-Tatra zone). The Triassic in the West Carpathian5 has been studied for more than hundred years, its biostratigraphy has only 15 years' tra·­ dition. Its stratigraphy is based on paleontological studies of Cephalopoda (V. An d r u so V o v a), Lamellibranchiata (M. K O­ e h an 0 V a), Gastropoda (M. K 0 c h an 0 V a), Brachiopoda (M. Slblik, J. Michalik), Foraminifera (0. Jendrejakovä), calcareous sponges ( E. J a b I o n s k y), conodonts ( R. M o c k), Dasycladaceae (J. B y strick y) and other problematica (M. Mi­ s i k, K. Bor z a), and on data from earlier literature ( only par­ tially revlsed so far). This guide to excursion cannot comprise a detailed treating of all the stratigraphical problems; we can only concentrate to problems concerning individual profiles and facial areas de­ monstrated by the excursion route. To enlighten the problems concerning the Triassic of the West Carpathians, first. the survey of its geologic structure (in fact, in literature the Triassic is mostly treated according to in­ dividual tectonic units) and of its facial are<:ts is presented. In the excursion route we shall find the Triassic of: 1. Th e Ge m er i c: a) Slovak Karst (Iocalities: Meliata - "the Mellata series"=the? "Upper Permlan"; Skalica - Gemer­ ska Hörka = Middle Triassic; Kecovo = Middle Triassic; Gombasek - Middle Triassic; Zakäzane - Middle Triassic; Silickä Brezovä = Middle - Upper Triassic; Drnava - Upper Triassic - Liassic). b) The Stratenskä hornatina mountains ( locality of Geravy - Upper Triassic). c) The Muränska plosina plateau ( the locality of Vefkä Lüka - Lopusnä = Middle and Upper Triassic; Rhaetic; Liassic). 2. Th e H r o n i c: a) The Nizke Tatry mountains: the Choc­ nappe ( Iocalites: Hybe = the Kössen beds, Svarin = Middle and Upper Triassic; Liptovsky Hrädok = the Lunz beds; Turik = Mid­ dle and Upper Triassic; Liptovskä Osada = Upper Triassic (Hauptdolomite); Liptovskä Osada = Middle and Upper Triassic 8 - ( the Raming limestones). b) The Vefkä Fatra mountains: the Sturec nappe ( localities: Maly Sturec = Middle TriassiC). 3. Th e Fa tri c: a) The Velkä Fatra mountains: the Krizna nappe ( the locality Cremosn~ - Upper Triassic). b) Sträfovska hornatina mountains: Krizna nappe (localities: Valaskä Belä - Upper Triassic, Spanla Dolina = Upper Triassic - Carpathian Keuper; Donovaly - Middle - Upper Triassic). 4. Th e Tat r i c: a) Nizke Tatry mountains: basal quartzites of the Lower Triassic ( the locality of Donovaly). The divlsion and terminology The Triassic ls divided in accordance with the international stratigraphical scale, regarding the new results of biostrati­ graphical dlvision - as far as permitted by correlation. So far in the Lower Triassic the Scythian stage wilh the sub­ stages of the Seissian and the Campilian are distinguished. The new division (into three stages: the Gandarian, Owenitan, Spathian) is still impossible because of insufficient knowledge of fauna (particularly ammonites) of the Lower Triassic. In the Middle Triassic the Anisian stage is divided into: a) the Lower Anisian (formerly "Hydaspian"); b) the Pelsonian; c) Illyrian (sensu J. Pi a 1930). According to R. Asse r et t o (1969), the bottom border of the Illyrian is indicated by the appearance of the genus Paraceratites and so includes into the Illyrian also the zone with P. binodosus formerly regarded as the Ammonite zone of the Pelsonian, and the zone with Aplococeras avisianus. At present there is a ten­ dency to regard the zone with Aplococeras avisianus as the most lower zone of the Ladinian ( Fassanian) ( H. K o z u r 1972). The Ladinian is divided into: a) Fassanian; b) Langobardian. The Carnian in the Upper Triassic is divided into: a) Corde­ volian (the first appearances of g. Trachyceras); b) Julian, c) Tuvalian; and the Norian into: a), Lower Norian (formerly called "Lac.", now non-designated); b) Middle Norian (Alaunian); c) Upper Norian ( Sevatian). The Rhaetic is non-divided. Naturally, by refferring the Cprdevolian to the Carnian, termi­ nological problems concerning lithostratigraphic units were evoked. When the Cordevolian ~vas regarded as the most upper substage of the Ladinian, the Ladlnian/Carnian boundary was approximately identic with the contact of two facially different lithostratigraphical units ( the Upper Triassic commenced with the "Aon beds" or the Lunz beds). When the Cordevolian is referred 7 to the Lower Carnian, then the boundary of the Middle and Upper Triassic is in a lithologically indivisible sequence, in the so-called Wetterstein limestones (Fassanian to Cordevolian) or in the Reifling limestones ( III yrian to Cordevolian) and in the Ramsau dolomites. Consequently, the stratigraphical definition of these lithostratigraphic units must be revised. THE GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE WEST CARPATHIANS The West Carpathians consist of two fold systems: of the Outer Carpathians (the flysch zone) in the North, and the Inner Car­ pathians (The Central Carpathians) in the South. Both systems differ in their lithostratigraphic rontents and in the age of their origin.
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  • First Report of Myalinid Bivalves in the Lower Carboniferous of the Hakkari Basin, SE Turkey: Paleoecologic and Paleogeographic Implications

    First Report of Myalinid Bivalves in the Lower Carboniferous of the Hakkari Basin, SE Turkey: Paleoecologic and Paleogeographic Implications

    Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci (2021) 30: 313-321 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/yer-2010-20 First report of myalinid bivalves in the Lower Carboniferous of the Hakkari Basin, SE Turkey: paleoecologic and paleogeographic implications İzzet HOŞGÖR* Çalık Petrol (Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Company), Ankara, Turkey Received: 28.10.2020 Accepted/Published Online: 22.02.2021 Final Version: 17.05.2021 Abstract: Knowledge of the Late Paleozoic sedimentary history of the northern Gondwana shelf is advanced by new data from the Şort Dere section (Hakkari Basin). Early Carboniferous myalinid bivalves from the Middle East are reported here for the first time. The pre-Permian basement of the Hakkari Basin consists of a Lower Carboniferous sedimentary sequence including the Köprülü and Belek formations. The Köprülü Formation has yielded rich assemblages of vertebrates and invertebrates. Hitherto myalinid bivalves were unknown from this formation; this paper reports the discovery of small and poorly calcified myaliniform shells from two thin beds in the middle part of the Köprülü Formation of the Şort Dere section in the Zap Valley. The morphological characteristics of the specimens, especially the umbonal region with the numerous rounded wrinkles, suggest that it probably belongs to an undescribed species of Selenimyalina Newell, 1942. Based on this record, the state of the art of warm-water myalinid taxa in the Paleotethyan Realm is shortly discussed with a focus on the pteriomorph bivalve faunas within a global scenario for both paleobiogeography and patterns of Gondwana-Laurussia faunal exchange. The new occurrence is one of the most important pteriomorph bivalve records ever made in Southeast Turkey, helping to assist paleogeographic reconstructions of the Paleotethyan paleocontinents.
  • The Geology of the Pin Valley in Spiti, H. P., India

    The Geology of the Pin Valley in Spiti, H. P., India

    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Jahrbuch der Geologischen Bundesanstalt Jahr/Year: 1981 Band/Volume: 124 Autor(en)/Author(s): Fuchs Gerhard Artikel/Article: The Geology of the Pin valley in Spiti, H.P., India 325-352 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Jahrb. Geol. B.-A. ISSN 0016-7800 Band 124, Heft 2 S. 325-359 Wien,Juni 1982 The Geology of the Pin valley in Spiti, H. P., India BY G. FUCHS*) With 21 Figures and 3 Plates (= Beilagen 4, 5, 6) Himalaya Spiti S Stratigraphie -| Paläozoikum J!» Mesozoikum <^ Tektonik CONTENTS Abstract 326 Zusammenfassung 326 1. Preface 326 2. Stratigraphy 327 2.1 The Haimanta Formation and Parahio Series 327 2.2 The Ordovician-Silurian 332 2.3 The Muth Quartzite 337 2.4 The Lipak Formation 338 2.5 The Kuling Formation 341 2.6 The Triassic-Jurassic 345 2.6.1 The Scytho-Anisian 346 2.6.2 The Daonella Shale 346 2.6.3 The Daonella- and Halobia Limestone 346 2.6.4 The Grey Beds 346 2.6.5 The Tropites Limestone 347 2.6.6 Thejuvavites- and Monotis Shales 347 2.6.7 The Quartzite Series and Kioto Limestone 349 2.6.8 The Dogger 350 2.6.9 The Spiti Shale 351 • 2.7 The Giumal Sandstone 351 3. Tectonics 351 3.1 The Baldar Syncline 351 3.2 The Muth Syncline 352 3.3 The Pakchung Anticline 352 3.4 The Mikin Syncline 352 3.5 The Gungri Anticline 352 3.6 The Ghungma Syncline 354 3.7 The Chhidang Anticline 354 3.8 The Tanjangkari Syncline 354 3.9 The Lingti Anticline 355 4.
  • Dr. R. Mock, Department of Geology and Paleontology, Komensky University, Gottwaldovo Nam

    Dr. R. Mock, Department of Geology and Paleontology, Komensky University, Gottwaldovo Nam

    ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Field Trip D TRIASSIC OF THE WEST CARPATHIANS By Rudolf MOCK with 7 figures Author's address: Dr. R. Mock, Department of Geology and Paleontology, Komensky University, Gottwaldovo nam. 2, Bratislava, CSSR. 129 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at 128 ©Geol. Bundesanstalt, Wien; download unter www.geologie.ac.at Introduction On the occasion of the Second European Conodont Symposium (ECOS II) — organized jointly by the Geological Survey of Austria and the Geological Survey of Czechoslovakia one of the excursion (Excursion D) will take us to Slovakia. Purpose of this excursion is visiting several typical Triassic localities, rich in conodonts, and locali­ ties where, just with the aid of conodonts, a precise stratigraphic ranging was made possible for the first time. In Slovakia, and in the West Carpathians in general, thus also in the regions of the Polish Tatra and Northern Hungary, we could, by means of conodonts, attain convincing advances during the last ten years. Some of the stratigraphic data obtained on their grounds constituted a break-through in the true sense of the word, a revolution in understanding the geological structure and development of entire re­ gions. In this first „10-year phase" we concerned ourselves mainly with the Triassic sequences on the whole territory of Slovakia. As a result of this we could ascertain a great number of conodont localities. Particularly valuable are finds in metamorphosed Triassic sequences of which some, until the findings of conodonts, had been considered to be Paleozoic. The Paleozoic proper of the West Carpathians is still terra incognita awaiting its discovery.