33. Rectification
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Analysis on the Translation of Mao Zedong's 2Nd Poem in “送瘟神 'Sòng Wēn Shén'” by Arthur Cooper in the Light O
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 11, No. 8, pp. 910-916, August 2021 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1108.06 Analysis on the Translation of Mao Zedong’s 2nd Poem in “送瘟神 ‘sòng wēn shén’” by Arthur Cooper in the Light of “Three Beauties” Theory Pingli Lei Guangdong Baiyun University, Guangzhou 510450, Guangdong, China Yi Liu Guangdong Baiyun University, Guangzhou 510450, Guangdong, China Abstract—Based on “Three Beauties” theory of Xu Yuanchong, this paper conducts an analysis on Arthur Cooper’s translation of “送瘟神”(2nd poem) from three aspects: the beauty of sense, sound and form, finding that, because of his lack of empathy for the original poem, Cooper fails to convey the connotation of the original poem, the rhythm and the form of the translated poem do not match Chinese classical poetry, with three beauties having not been achieved. Thus, the author proposes that, in order to better spread the culture of Chinese classical poetry and convey China’s core spirit to the world, China should focus on cultivating the domestic talents who have a deep understanding about Chinese culture, who are proficient not only in Chinese classical poetry, but also in classical poetry translation. Index Terms—“Three Beauties” theory, “Song When Shen(2nd poem)” , Arthur Cooper, English translation of Chinese classical poetry I. INTRODUCTION China has a long history in poetry creation, however, the research on poetry translation started very late in China Even in the Tang and Song Dynasties, when poetry writing was popular and when culture was open, there did not appear any relevant translation researches. -
Red Tourism Rising
CHINA DAILY | HONG KONG EDITION Friday, September 6, 2019 | 7 CHINA HISTORY dozen “soldiers” tossed and his “comrades” flocked into fake grenades into the tar Xiao Fumin’s courtyard. They were get area, climbed over a all in Red Army uniforms, with red wall made of tires and zig neckerchiefs and caps emblazoned zagged A nimbly to avoid touching with crimson stars. white ropes meant to simulate a Everyone was sweating after a “rain of gunfire”. morning of simulated attacks on a The scene might look like a mili training field on a nearby mountain. tary drill, but it was a dozen uni The university students, all in their versity students reliving a day of 20s, needed to serve themselves the Red Army. The event was part from a wok wider than their bodies. of a summer boot camp they “We tried red rice and pumpkin attended to learn the history of soup for lunch yesterday,” Li said, the Chinese revolution in its birth explaining they were typical Red place, Jinggangshan, Jiangxi Army dishes. province. “They tasted fine because we had The city offers a number of experi good seasoning. But the Red Army ences to bring alive the difficulties ate them without other ingredients the Red Army faced in the late or condiments. It was the only food 1920s. they had at that time.” The students are attracted by During their stay, the students socalled “Red Education”, and are also tried weaving straw into shoes among more than 10 million tour and trekked a section of the Long ists who travel to Jinggangshan March in the mountains, carrying every year to experience its role in replica rifles and packs of explosives the revolution. -
2020 International Religious Freedom Report
CHINA (INCLUDES TIBET, XINJIANG, HONG KONG, AND MACAU) 2020 INTERNATIONAL RELIGIOUS FREEDOM REPORT Executive Summary Reports on Hong Kong, Macau, Tibet, and Xinjiang are appended at the end of this report. The constitution of the People’s Republic of China (PRC), which cites the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), states that citizens “enjoy freedom of religious belief” but limits protections for religious practice to “normal religious activities” without defining “normal.” CCP members and members of the armed forces are required to be atheists and are forbidden from engaging in religious practices. National law prohibits organizations or individuals from interfering with the state educational system for minors younger than the age of 18, effectively barring them from participating in most religious activities or receiving religious education. Some provinces have additional laws on minors’ participation in religious activities. The government continued to assert control over religion and restrict the activities and personal freedom of religious adherents that it perceived as threatening state or CCP interests, according to religious groups, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and international media reports. The government recognizes five official religions: Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Protestantism, and Catholicism. Only religious groups belonging to one of the five state-sanctioned “patriotic religious associations” representing these religions are permitted to register with the government and officially permitted to hold worship services. There continued to be reports of deaths in custody and that the government tortured, physically abused, arrested, detained, sentenced to prison, subjected to forced indoctrination in CCP ideology, or harassed adherents of both registered and unregistered religious groups for activities related to their religious beliefs and practices. -
China COI Compilation-March 2014
China COI Compilation March 2014 ACCORD is co-funded by the European Refugee Fund, UNHCR and the Ministry of the Interior, Austria. Commissioned by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Division of International Protection. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it endorse, its content. Any views expressed are solely those of the author. ACCORD - Austrian Centre for Country of Origin & Asylum Research and Documentation China COI Compilation March 2014 This COI compilation does not cover the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau, nor does it cover Taiwan. The decision to exclude Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan was made on the basis of practical considerations; no inferences should be drawn from this decision regarding the status of Hong Kong, Macau or Taiwan. This report serves the specific purpose of collating legally relevant information on conditions in countries of origin pertinent to the assessment of claims for asylum. It is not intended to be a general report on human rights conditions. The report is prepared on the basis of publicly available information, studies and commentaries within a specified time frame. All sources are cited and fully referenced. This report is not, and does not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. Every effort has been made to compile information from reliable sources; users should refer to the full text of documents cited and assess the credibility, relevance and timeliness of source material with reference to the specific research concerns arising from individual applications. -
Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934
Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Chinese Communists and Rural Society, 1927-1934 A publication of the Center for Chinese Studies University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cover Colophon by Shih-hsiang Chen Center for Chinese Studies • CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPHS UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY NUMBER THIRTEEN CHINESE COMMUNISTS AND RURAL SOCIETY, 1927-1934 PHILIP C. C. HUANG LYNDA SCHAEFER BELL KATHY LEMONS WALKER Although the Center for Chinese Studies is responsible for the selection and acceptance of monographs in this series, respon sibility for the opinions expressed in them and for the accuracy of statements contained in them rests with their authors. © 1978 by the Regents of the Universit y of California ISBN 0-912966-18-1 Library of Congress Catalog Number 78-620018 Printed in the United States of America $5.00 Contents INTRODUCTION ......... ........... .. .. ..... Philip C. C. Huang INTELLECTUALS, LUMPENPROLETARIANS, WORKERS AND PEASANTS IN THE COMMUNIST MOVEMENT.................. 5 Philip C. C. Huang AGRICULTURAL LABORERS AND RURAL REVOLUTION . 29 Lynda Schaefer Bell THE PARTY AND PEASANT WOMEN 57 Kathy LeMons Walker A COMMENT ON THE WESTE RN LITERATURE. 83 Philip C. C. Huang REFERENCES . 99 GLOSSARY . .. .......... ................. .. .. 117 LIST OF MAPS I. Revolutionary Base Areas and Guerilla Zones in 1934 2 II. The Central Soviet Area in 1934 . 6 III. Xingguo and Surrounding Counties......... .. 10 1 The Jiangxi Period : an Introduction Philip C. C. Huang The Chinese Communist movement in its early years was primarily urban-based. -
Afterlives of Chinese Communism: Political Concepts from Mao to Xi
AFTERLIVES OF CHINESE COMMUNISM AFTERLIVES OF CHINESE COMMUNISM POLITICAL CONCEPTS FROM MAO TO XI Edited by Christian Sorace, Ivan Franceschini, and Nicholas Loubere First published 2019 by ANU Press and Verso Books The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] Available to download for free at press.anu.edu.au ISBN (hardback): 9781788734790 ISBN (paperback): 9781788734769 ISBN (online): 9781760462499 WorldCat (print): 1085370489 WorldCat (online): 1085370850 DOI: 10.22459/ACC.2019 This title is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The full licence terms are available at creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Note on Visual Material All images in this publication have been fully accredited. As this is a non-commercial publication, certain images have been used under a Creative Commons licence. These images have been sourced from Flickr, Wikipedia Commons and the copyright owner of each original picture is acknowledged and indicated in the source information. Design concept and typesetting by Tommaso Facchin; Illustrations by Marc Verdugo Lopez. Cover design by No Ideas. Cover artwork by Marc Verdugo Lopez. Proofreading by Sharon Strange and Evyn Chesneau Papworth. This edition © 2019 ANU Press and Verso Books Table of Contents Introduction - Christian SORACE, Ivan FRANCESCHINI, and Nicholas LOUBERE 1 1. Aesthetics - Christian SORACE 11 2. Blood Lineage - YI Xiaocuo 17 3. Class Feeling - Haiyan LEE 23 4. Class Struggle - Alessandro RUSSO 29 5. Collectivism - GAO Mobo 37 6. Contradiction - Carlos ROJAS 43 7. Culture - DAI Jinhua 49 8. Cultural Revolution - Patricia M. -
Religion and Politics in China
Universal Rights in a World of Diversity. The Case of Religious Freedom Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences, Acta 17, 2012 www.pass.va/content/dam/scienzesociali/pdf/acta17/acta17-kuan.pdf Religion and Politics in China Hsin-chi Kuan Introduction The state of religious freedom in China could be compared to a glass of water. It was completely empty thirty years ago. Now, it is partially filled. The trouble lies in government restrictions rather than social hostilities. In a report by the PEW Forum on Religion & Public Life, China ranked 4th after Saudi Arabia, Iran and Uzbekistan on the list of countries with very high government restrictions on religion, with an index of 7.7. This high index was given ‘primarily because of its restrictions on Buddhism in Tibet, its ban on the Falun Gong movement throughout the country, its strict controls of the practice of religion among Uighur Muslims and its pressure on religious groups that are not registered by the government, including Christians who worship in private homes’.1 Apart from the suppression of religion, however, there are other versions of the story: recognition and tol- erance, containment and guidance. In the reform era, the government has come to recognize that religion will neither fade out as a result of mod- ernization nor can it be eliminated by the state. What remains to be done is to tolerate, contain and guide it. Religious practices are tolerated as long as they are not perceived as posing a threat to the ruling regime and estab- lished institutions such as education system. -
From Imperial Soldier to Communist General: the Early Career of Zhu De and His Influence on the Formation of the Chinese Red Army
FROM IMPERIAL SOLDIER TO COMMUNIST GENERAL: THE EARLY CAREER OF ZHU DE AND HIS INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE CHINESE RED ARMY By Matthew William Russell B.A. June 1983, Northwestern University M.A. June 1991, University of California, Davis M.Phil. May 2006, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May 17, 2009 Dissertation directed by Edward A. McCord Associate Professor of History and International Affairs The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Matthew W. Russell has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy as of March 25, 2009. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. FROM IMPERIAL SOLDIER TO COMMUNIST GENERAL: THE EARLY CAREER OF ZHU DE AND HIS INFLUENCE ON THE FORMATION OF THE CHINESE RED ARMY Matthew William Russell Dissertation Research Committee: Edward A. McCord, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, Dissertation Director Ronald H. Spector, Professor of History and International Affairs, Committee Member Daqing Yang, Associate Professor of History and International Affairs, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2009 by Matthew W. Russell All rights reserved iii Dedication This work is dedicated to my mother Dorothy Diana Ing Russell and to my wife Julia Lynn Painton. iv Acknowledgements I was extremely fortunate to have Edward McCord as my adviser, teacher, and dissertation director, and I would not have been able to complete this program without his sound advice, guidance, and support. -
Congressional-Executive Commission on China
CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA ANNUAL REPORT 2015 ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION OCTOBER 8, 2015 Printed for the use of the Congressional-Executive Commission on China ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.cecc.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 96–106 PDF WASHINGTON : 2015 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:16 Oct 07, 2015 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 U:\DOCS\96106.TXT DEIDRE CONGRESSIONAL-EXECUTIVE COMMISSION ON CHINA LEGISLATIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS House Senate CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey, MARCO RUBIO, Florida, Cochairman Chairman JAMES LANKFORD, Oklahoma ROBERT PITTENGER, North Carolina TOM COTTON, Arkansas TRENT FRANKS, Arizona STEVE DAINES, Montana RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois BEN SASSE, Nebraska TIMOTHY J. WALZ, Minnesota SHERROD BROWN, Ohio MARCY KAPTUR, Ohio DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California MICHAEL M. HONDA, California JEFF MERKLEY, Oregon TED LIEU, California GARY PETERS, Michigan EXECUTIVE BRANCH COMMISSIONERS CHRISTOPHER P. LU, Department of Labor SARAH SEWALL, Department of State STEFAN M. SELIG, Department of Commerce DANIEL R. RUSSEL, Department of State TOM MALINOWSKI, Department of State PAUL B. PROTIC, Staff Director ELYSE B. ANDERSON, Deputy Staff Director (II) VerDate Mar 15 2010 23:16 Oct 07, 2015 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 0486 Sfmt 0486 U:\DOCS\96106.TXT DEIDRE CO N T E N T S Page I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................. 1 Overview ............................................................................................................ 2 Key Recommendations .................................................................................... -
THE TANCI FICTION JING ZHONG ZHUAN by YU ZHANG A
THE FEMALE REWRITING OF GRAND HISTORY: THE TANCI FICTION JING ZHONG ZHUAN by YU ZHANG A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2013 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Yu Zhang Title: The Female Rewriting of Grand History: The Tanci Fiction Jing zhong zhuan This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures by: Maram Epstein Chairperson Tze-lan Sang Core Member Yugen Wang Core Member Bryna Goodman Institutional Representative and Kimberly Andrews Espy Vice President for Research and Innovation; Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2013 ii © 2013 Yu Zhang iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Yu Zhang Doctor of Philosophy Department of East Asian Languages and Literatures June 2013 Title: The Female Rewriting of Grand History: The Tanci Fiction Jing zhong zhuan This dissertation has examined the tanci fiction Jing zhong zhuan, or A Biography of Dedication and Loyalty, authored by a gentry woman writer Zhou Yingfang in the late nineteenth century. I argue that by adapting the well-known patriotic story of General Yue Fei in Chinese history, Zhou Yingfang suggests new directions in grand historical narrative in her own voice and from her own perspective. Negotiating the writing conventions of earlier legends, she turns the stereotyped masculine image of Yue Fei into a hero in both public and domestic settings. -
AB League 374, 376, 381, 382-4 Abolition of Universal Military
INDEX AB League 374, 376, 381, 382-4 New Army 398 abolition of universal military service private armies 13-14, 73-4 33-48 recruits 38-9 central army 48-52 revolutionary 323, 344 failure of the new army 61-74 Shence Army 160, 163, 165 frontier armies 52-61 Song 217 nature of the abolition 34-9 standing armies 70-2 private armies 73-4 statistics 148 reasons for the abolition 39-48 strategic options 84-90 standing armies 70-2 Tang forces 94-5, 128-9, 144 Accord of Shanyuan 180, 212-19 Tiande army I 71 Afghanistan 118 Tianping army I 75 agricultural crisis 392-3 volunteers 226 Ai Rong 56 Xiang '413 Aju 245 Zhu-Mao Army 336 Alaung-hpaya 441 Ashina Helu 118 Allied Expeditionary Force 22, 288, Atlakh, battle of 130 439 Auden, W.H. 408-9, 411 Alp bilga Baoyi, Khaghan 166 August Harvest Uprising 332-3 Alp kiiliig bilga Zhangxin, Khaghan Averill, Stephen 373-4, 380 169 Altan Khan 267 Bagha Tarqan 151 An, Emperor 37, 51, 57 Bai Chongxi 416, 420 An Lushan Rebellion 13, 90, I 09, Baijuyi 106-7, 144-5, 161, 164 136-7, 137-40 Bai Shousu 21 7 An Sishun 138 Baidicheng 232 Anjur 236 Bailloud, General 31 7 Anleshancheng 232 Baisha Conference 340 Anlezhou 163 Baltistan 130 Anshi 90 Ban Biao 59 Anshicheng 90 Ban Chao 52, 55, 57 Anti:Japanese War 401, 403, 425-6 Ban Gu 56 Anxi 109, 127, 129, 154, 173, 175 bandits 224, 364 Arabs 16, 118, 122, 130, 162 Banzhu 83, 86-7, 95 Ardagh, General Sir John 295 Bao Xin 71 armies Baoding Expedition 311-13 see also Red Army baqjia system 356-61, 395 bandit armies 93, 292, 322 battles 216-17, 237 campaign armies sizes 89, 128 Atlakh 130 n. -
Of Official Titles in Imperial China, and To
UC Irvine Other Recent Work Title Chinese-English Dictionary of Ming Government Official Titles Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2bz3v185 Authors Zhang, Ying Xue, Susan Xue, Zhaohui et al. Publication Date 2017-12-30 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California 明代職官中英辭典 Chinese-English Dictionary of Ming Government Official Titles 張 穎 Ying Zhang 薛 燕 Susan Xue 薛昭慧 Zhaohui Xue 倪 莉 Li Ni 第三版 Third Edition April 30, 2020 Acknowledgement The compilation of the dictionary is a collaborative effort among Ming scholars and Chinese studies researchers around the world. We very much appreciate the input from so many contributors, who have contributed their expertise and time to the crowd translation project. We owe tremendously to the following for their valuable time and work: Peter Bol, United States of America Yanrong Chen, United States of America Cathy Chiu, United States of America Yingkun Hou, China Ivy Maria Lim, Singapore Darui Long, United States of America Junjie Luo, United States of America Richard John Lynn, Canada Li Ni, United States of America Thomas Nimick, United States of America Bruce Rusk, Canada Xiaotong Wang, United States of America Wai-ho Wong, Hong Kong Zhaohui Xue, United States of America Susan Xue, United States of America Ding Ye, United States of America Ying Zhang, United States of America We are deeply indebted to our four Ming expert consultants for their generous time and expertise and invaluable advice and support: 高壽仙 Shouxian Gao, 北京行政學院 Beijing Administrative College 倪清茂 Thomas Nimick, 美國西點軍校 United States Military Academy (West Point) 何義壯 Martin Heijdra, 普林斯頓大學 Princeton University 馬泰來 Tai-loi Ma, 普林斯頓大學 Princeton University We also acknowledge Xiaohe Ma of Harvard Yenching Library for his contribution to the project, during his participation as a project team member in the early stage.