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Preservaon & Access of user-generated Media from Social Movements Preservaon & Access of user-generated Media from Social Movements • Why look at ? • Projects from Acvist Archivists Howard Besser, NYU • Projects from NYU’s Tamiment Library/ hp://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard Archive hp://acvist-archivists.org/

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We all remember (10/17/11) the “”

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Occupy Times Square (10/15/11) Occupy Wall Street (10/11/11)

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Occupy Wall Street (10/11/11) Occupy Wall Street (10/11/11)

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Occupy Dallas (1/21/12) Occupy DC (12/12/11)

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Occupy Dallas (1/20/12) Occupy Harvard (1/10/12)

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Occupy Finsbury Square (12/9/11) Occupy St Paul Church (12/9/11)

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Occupy Bristol (12/6/11) Occupy Rio (11/14/11)

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March 24, 2012 Flickr stats But w/all these photos & videos (just 6 months aer start of movement) floang around the Web: • “#Occupy” 632,089 • How do we know which was taken when? • “Occupy Wall Street” 164,304 • How do we find the media taken before a • “Occupy Protest” 179,454 parcular crackdown (at that site or another)? • “Occupy Movement” 40,572 • How do we know if it’s okay to re-use one of • “#OWS” 113,904 these posted photos or videos (or even to migrate it for preservaon purposes)? • “” 27,202 • “Zuco Park” 9,164

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Study of metadata loss through To try to address these quesons uploading to services • we formed the group “Acvist Archivists” • and tried to address issues of preservaon & access to these works

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Aer establishing that many social Acvist Archivists hp://acvist-archivists.org/ media sites stripped out metadata: • MIAP students and grads originally working on • We decided to focus on trying to affect the archiving media from the Occupy movement pracces of the photographers and videographers • Guidelines for recorders to make their works • This was consistent with the findings of prior more easily preservable: make notes, turn on projects I had been involved in (InterPARES, GPS, upload to service that doesn’t strip out PDPTV) metadata, keep raw footage, don’t compress – Digital works are more likely preservable if an • For meeng recordings, have them read a archivist can modify the workflows in the creaon stage (WorldFocus) script at start of the recording

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Acvist Archivist Website

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Acvist Archivists Projects-

• Study of metadata loss through uploading to services • “Why Archive” postcard & video • 7 Tips to Ensure Your Video Is Usable in the Long Term • Best Pracces for Creators/Collectors • “Toolkit” for Occupy archiving • Coordinang discussions among various groups archiving different parts of Occupy • Exploring methods for obscuring idenes

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“Why Archive” video “Why Archive” postcard

• ACCOUNTABILITY. Archives collect evidence that can hold those in power accountable. • SELF-DETERMINATION. We define our own movement. We need to create and maintain our own historical record. • SHARE. Archives are a point of entry to our movement’s rich record. We can use them to ensure transparency, generate discussion, and enable direct acon. • EDUCATE. Today’s videos, flyers, web-pages, and signs are material for tomorrow’s skill-shares, classes, and mobilizaons. • CONTINUITY. Just as past movements inspire us, new acvists will learn from the experiences we document.

• R E C O R D & C O L L E C T what’s happening around you. • P R E S E R V E the record. Newseum 12/5/2013 27 Newseum 12/5/2013 28

Why Archive Postcard 7 Tips to Ensure Your Video Is Usable in the Long Term • Collect details while filming • Keep your original raw footage, unaltered • Make your video discoverable • Contextualize it • Make it verifiable • Allow others to collect and archive • Or archive it yourself

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Best Pracces for Content Collectors Best Pracces for Content Creators

• Security • Security – Sensive material – Hidden camera laws, pares’ consent laws – Scraping for content • Capturing Content • Content Search – Highest quality, set date and me-stamps, note locaon – Internet Archive, Archive-It, YouTube, Vimeo, Bit-Torrent • Offloading Content • Receiving Content – Raw files directly onto computer, keep material organized • Metadata Extracon • Uploading Content • Copyright – Importance of tagging, review of diff services • Deposing with an Archive • Copyright Newseum 12/5/2013 31 Newseum 12/5/2013 32

OWS Self-help acvies: Occupy Archiving Kit Skill-shares for Occupiers

• Why Archive? • What is an “archive”? How do I create an archive? • Creang archiving-friendly content • How can I collect materials for the archive? • What should I save? • How should I organize my materials? How do I get it into the archive? • Descripon/Metadata • Media Management • Storage & Preservaon • Access • Exhibion and Presentaon/Outreach • Rights and Re-Use

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OWS Self-help acvies: Downloaded FLICKR image Creave Commons Guidance

• Creave Commons lets you mix-and-match four different condions: – Aribuon: You let others copy, re-use and distribute your video, but they must credit you. – Share-Alike: You let others copy, re-use and distribute your video, only if they do the same with the work they create. – Non-Commercial: You let others copy, re-use and distribute your video for non-commercial purposes only. – No Derivave Works: You let others copy and distribute your video, but not to create new works using it. • You can use these condions in different combinaons to share your work in a controlled way. Creave Commons licenses are legal tools that depend on pre-exisng copyright laws. Having a Creave Commons license on your work may give you legal recourse, but it may not actually prevent people from downloading and re-using your video illegally. Newseum 12/5/2013 35 Newseum 12/5/2013 36

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Marking Creave Commons licenses Promong ObscuraCam

• There are a few ways to mark your video with a Creave Commons • “ license. One way is to include a Creave Commons “bumper” or text card ObscuraCam is a visual privacy app for photo in your video. Creave Commons has created some with graphics that you and video, that gives you the power to beer can download from their website. This method is useful if your video is going to be shared offline (e.g. on DVD, live screenings), as the license protect the identy of those captures in your informaon is aached to the video itself. photos, before you post them online” • Another way to mark your video with a Creave Commons license is to publish your video on plaorms that are Creave Commons-enabled, such • Developed by Guardian Project in conjuncon as YouTube, Vimeo, or Internet Archive. These plaorms allow you to easily select a license during the upload process. This method is useful w/Human Rights group WITNESS- because the license is machine-readable. A search engine, for example, can detect the license.

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ObscuraCam ObscuraCam

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Occupy’s Media Working Group— Acvist Archivist Collaboraons- Streaming Services (1/3) • With Occupy Wall Street groups • livestream, ustream—almost impossible to – Helping store and manage Media Working hack into downloads Group’s media streams • One of Occupy Oakland’s streamers uses the • With Tamiment Collecon streaming service as his fileserver. – Methods for extracng metadata from recordings – does no recording onto local media (to avoid – Methods for collaborave selecon of YouTube confiscaon of equipment) videos – when he wants to edit, he downloads from streaming service, edits, then uploads it back – trusts the streaming service, and thinks that it will be around forever Newseum 12/5/2013 41 Newseum 12/5/2013 42

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Occupy’s Media Working Group— Cataloging GA/Spokescouncil mini-DVs Streaming Services (2/3) • OWS keeps masters for their streams and other media locally, and as numbers grow, they’re having trouble with managing the files and storage and want a DAM, but… – Acvist Archivists (AA) brokered a deal to put copies of their content on a reliable archival service – AA helped them select open source tool to use for cataloging (Omeka), and AA volunteer is currently cataloging their mini DV collecon of footage from all General Assemblies and Spokes Councils from September 17th to date--

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Occupy’s Media Working Group— AA Collaboraon with Tamiment

Streaming Services (3/3) on Collecng OWS Content- • Worked on plan to turn over the Global • Think Tank meeng recordings Revoluon streaming collecon to NYU’s • YouTube videos Tamiment • Other Tamiment OWS acvies – OWS would NOT sign a donor agreement, as they – Websites see that as conferring exclusivity to a bureaucrac organizaon – Meeng notes – Instead, many in OWS were willing to execute a – Ephemera Creave Commons license leng anyone else use – Oral/video history the material, and AA volunteers would make sure – Google, Facebook groups that the corpus is transferred to NYU- Newseum 12/5/2013 45 Newseum 12/5/2013 46

Collecng – Think Tank Collecng – Think Tank

• Daily, 2 hours • Audio capture hardware provided by NYU library (Zoom-H2n) • Bi-weekly digital file transfers

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Think Tank metadata redundancies Think Tank Guidelines

• Guidelines spulate that person holding recording device will check to see that me and date stamp are correct before beginning recording (mostly didn’t happen) • Guidelines spulate that a script be read verbam at the beginning of the recording, with date, me, proposed subject, etc. (and would eventually allow voice-recognion soware to create appropriate metadata). Script also stated that all parcipants agreed to Creave Commons licensing of the recording • Guidelines requested that date/me be embedded in the applied file-name

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Tamiment YouTube collecng Tamiment YouTube Cataloging

• plug-in for FireFox (downloadhelper.net) • As of April, ca. 250 items, policy: large events • Fair Use: 2012 ARL Code of Best Pracces – “transformave” collecng with context • Tamiment has been selecvely browsing through YouTube Occupy videos, trying to choose which ones to keep, then cataloging them with – Title, Creator, Creaon Date, Upload Date, Descripon, URL, Youtube Username, License, Format, Codec, Source Media, On Internet Archive, CC License type

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’ March 24, 2012 YouTube stats But this won t scale! (just 6 months aer start of movement)

• “#Occupy” 169,000 • “Occupy Wall Street” 98,400 • “Occupy Protest” 70,500 • “Occupy Movement” 54,800 • “#OWS” 50,300 • “Occupy Oakland” 13,400 • “Zuco Park” 6,690

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Alternave approach to YouTube Advantages of YouTube Selecon process Collaborave Filtering Selecon Process • Develop categories of important YouTube videos • Scalable and manageable – Celebrity visits, Internal workings (library, kitchen, • Consistent with Occupy ideas of inclusiveness media), Confrontaons with police, Labor, and of managing own story Housing, etc. • Tamiment can sll choose to be selecve in • Have Occupiers fill in an online form lisng the collecng only a poron of what is voted in, 5 most important videos in each category but the total set for review is a manageable scale

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Social Networks starng to police YouTube User Agreement their “Terms of Use” • 5B “You shall not download any Content unless you see a ‘download’ or similar link displayed by YouTube on the Service for that Content.”

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But even 1916 Public Domain material on YouTube sees Creave Commons Creave Commons YouTube Channel don’t have “download” buon as only for Re-Mix, not archiving

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But using YouTube’s video editor How Occupy material resembles what to view and “Re-Mix” exact copies we’ll be facing in the future • Vast quanty of user-contributed material is probably legal • No easy way to control for quality, file format, metadata – no enforcing guidelines as with organizaonal records – no semi-consistency as in a single individual’s personal records • Much of the material can most easily be found on Social Networks • …we need to find smart ways to harvest metadata and analyze files, as well as to influence behavior of potenal contributors

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Preservaon & Access of user-generated Media from Social Movements

Howard Besser, NYU hp://besser.tsoa.nyu.edu/howard/Talks hp://acvist-archivists.org/

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