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Lepiotoid Agaricaceae (Basidiomycota) from São Camilo State Park, Paraná State, Brazil

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Lepiotoid Agaricaceae (Basidiomycota) from São Camilo State Park, Paraná State, Brazil Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/11 Lepiotoid Agaricaceae (Basidiomycota) from São Camilo State Park, Paraná State, Brazil Ferreira AJ1* and Cortez VG1 1Universidade Federal do Paraná, Rua Pioneiro 2153, Jardim Dallas, 85950-000, Palotina, PR, Brazil Ferreira AJ, Cortez VG 2012 – Lepiotoid Agaricaceae (Basidiomycota) from São Camilo State Park, Paraná State, Brazil. Mycosphere 3(6), 962–976, Doi 10.5943 /mycosphere/3/6/11 A macromycete survey at the São Camilo State Park, a seasonal semideciduous forest fragment in Southern Brazil, State of Paraná, was undertaken. Six lepiotoid fungi were identified: Lepiota elaiophylla, Leucoagaricus lilaceus, L. rubrotinctus, Leucocoprinus cretaceus, Macrolepiota colombiana and Rugosospora pseudorubiginosa. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented for all species, as well as a brief discussion on their taxonomy and geographical distribution. Macrolepiota colombiana is reported for the first time in Brazil and Leucoagaricus rubrotinctus is a new record from the State of Paraná. Key words – Agaricales – Brazilian mycobiota – new records Article Information Received 30 October 2012 Accepted 14 November 2012 Published online 3 December 2012 *Corresponding author: Ana Júlia Ferreira – e-mail: [email protected] Introduction who visited and/or studied collections from the Agaricaceae Chevall. (Basidiomycota) country in the 19th century. More recently, comprises the impressive number of 1340 researchers have studied agaricoid diversity in species, classified in 85 agaricoid, gasteroid the Northeast (Wartchow et al. 2008), and secotioid genera (Kirk et al. 2008), and Southeast (Capelari & Gimenes 2004, grouped in ten clades (Vellinga 2004). The Albuquerque et al. 2010) and South (Rother & family is of great economic and medical Silveira 2008, 2009a, 2009b). From the State of importance because several of its members are Paraná, Meijer (2006, 2010) listed 62 agaricoid edible, medicinal or poisonous mushrooms taxa belonging to Agaricus (17), (Didukh et al. 2003), and obviously of high Chlorophyllum (2), Coprinus (1), Cystolepiota ecological relevance due to occurrence in (3), Hymenagaricus (2), Lepiota (18), several environments. The agaricoid members Leucoagaricus (6), Leucocoprinus (5), are characterized by the free gills, with a Macrolepiota (3), Melanophyllum (2), regular and non-gelatinized trama, composed Micropsalliota (2), and Rugosospora (1). His of filamentous hyphae, and basidiospores that studies, however, were focused on the are hyaline, pale pink or yellow to green, mycobiota from the eastern region of the State, brown and black (Vellinga 2004). where distinct vegetation types occur: the In Brazil, pioneers on the study of such mixed (with Araucaria angustifolia) and dense fungi were European naturalists, e.g. J.P.F.C. ombrophilous forests (Meijer 2006), in contrast Montagne, M.J. Berkeley and C.L. Spegazzini, to seasonal semideciduous forest that occurs in 962 Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/11 Fig. 1 – Location of São Camilo State Park, in Southern Brazil. the western region. Aiming to provide All specimens were analyzed both additional data on the mycobiota from the macro-and micromorphologically following western region of Paraná State, a macromycete standard procedures (Largent 1977, Largent et survey was proposed and in the present paper al. 1986). Colour names and codes used in the data on the lepiotoid agarics are presented. macroscopical descriptions are according to Kornerup & Wanscher (1978). Free-hand Methods sections were mounted in 3% KOH Fieldwork was conducted from August preparations, as well as Congo red, Melzer and 2011 and June 2012 in the São Camilo State cresyl blue. Measurements and micrographs Park (abbreviated as PESC), situated in the were taken with digital camera integrated to a municipality of Palotina, western region of Motic BA310 optical microscope, through the Paraná State (24°18’00” - 24°19’30” S and Motic Image Plus 1.0 software. Scanning 53°53’30” - 53°55’30” W - Fig. 1), Brazil. electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was Collected specimens from May 2010 to July performed at the Center of Electron 2011 at PESC were also considered. PESC Microscopy of the Universidade Federal do comprises an area of 387 ha, placed in the Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil. All specimens were domain of the Atlantic rain forest, with a dried in an open air drier (±40ºC) and are seasonal semideciduous forest vegetation and a preserved at the mycological collection of the Cfa (subtropical humid) climate according to Campus Palotina, Universidade Federal do the Köppen’s classification (IAP, 2006). Paraná (HCP). 963 Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/11 Figs 2-8 – Lepiota elaiophylla. 2,3 Basidioma. 4 Basidiospores. 5 Cheilocystidia. 6 Pileus covering hyphae. 7 Basidium. 8 Lamella trama. – Bars: 2 = 10 mm; 3 = 5 mm; 4, 5, 7 = 10 µm; 6, 8 = 20 µm. 964 Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/11 Taxonomy Material examined – Brazil, Paraná Six species of lepiotoid agarics are State, Palotina, PESC, 9 November 2011, leg. recorded. Descriptions and illustrations are RL Dias 28-3 (HCP). presented for each, followed by a brief Notes – This species is macroscopically taxonomic and geographical discussion. similar to Lepiota xanthophylla P.D. Orton, but differs in the structure of the pileus covering, Lepiota elaiophylla Vellinga & Huijser, Boll. which is composed of shorter clavate hyphae, Gr. Micol. G. Bres. 40: 462 (1998) Fig 2–8 lageniform to utriform cheilocystidia, and more Basidioma solitary, on litter in the lemon-yellow to olive colours of basidioma forest. Pileus 16 mm, convex, yellowish brown (Holec & Hálek 2008, Vellinga & Huijser (5E4) on the disc, to pale orange (5A3) towards 1997). Although morphologically similar, the margin, surface covered by numerous and Vellinga (2001b) showed that L. elaiophylla small yellowish brown (5E4) scales, radially belongs to another clade in Lepiota, including dispersed towards the margin, which is smooth, L. subincarnata J.E. Lange and L. but appendiculate with velar remnants, context brunneoincarnata Chodat & Martín, all those fleshy, 1 mm near the stipe insertion, to 0.8 toxic species of agarics, containing amanitin mm in the middle of lamellae, pale orange (Vellinga 2003). According to Wartchow et al. (1A3). Lamellae free, close and with (2008), other Neotropical species with yellow lamellulae, greyish yellow (1B4), margin entire lamellae and clamped hyphae are similar to L. and concolour with sides, 1.5 mm diam. Stipe elaiophylla, as follows: L. parvispora Dennis 44 × 1.8 mm, central, cylindrical, greyish from Venezuela (Dennis 1961), L. flavidocana yellow (1B3) in the apex, to pale grey (1B1) Pegler from Lesser Antilles (Pegler 1983) and downwards, surface fibrillose, dry, with L. xanthophylloides Singer from the State of scattered basal rhizomorphs, context yellowish Pará, in northern Brazil (Singer 1973, as L. white (1A2), fibrous, 0.5 mm thickness. Veil xanthophylla), but all these have basidiospores present only on pileus margin, as less than 6 μm long. In Europe, L. elaiophylla appendiculate, membranous and pale orange is known from several countries, but certainly (1A3) remnants. Spore print not checked. it is an adventitia species, as its records are Basidiospores (5.2–)5.4–7(–7.5) × 2.5– from greenhouses and botanical gardens, 4.3 µm, Q= 1.6–2.2(–2.5), Qm= 1.8, ellipsoid, strongly suggesting its recent introduction in oblong-ellipsoid to slightly stenosporic, with a the continent (Holec & Hálek 2008, Gubitz lateral apiculus, walls smooth and little 2011). The present collection is the third report thickened (0.5–0.9 µm), without a germ pore, for the species from Brazil, where it was hyaline, metachromatic and dextrinoid. Basidia reported from the States of Paraná (Meijer 15.1–22.5 × 5.7–7.6 µm, clavate, hyaline, 2006) and Pernambuco (Wartchow et al. 2008). tetrasporic, with sterigmata 2.5–4.1 µm long. It is possible that the fungus has a South Cheilocystidia 17.8–33.7 × 4.8–11.3 µm, American origin and later was introduced to clavate to lageniform, hyaline, smooth and Europe. thin-walled, numerous in the lamella edge. Pleurocystidia absent. Lamella trama Leucoagaricus lilaceus Singer, Lilloa 25: 274 subregular, composed of hyaline and thin- (1952) ‘1951’ Figs 9–13 walled hyphae, 3.2–12.8 µm diam., sometimes Basidiomata solitary or in pairs, on clamped. Pileus covering a trichoderm, litter or wood under advanced stage of composed of pale yellowish brown hyphae, 3– decomposition. Pileus 27–70 mm diam., 10.2 µm, with slightly thickened walls, convex to plano-convex, slightly umbonate, clamped, the terminal elements sometimes surface densely fibrillose, greyish brown (7E3) flexuous, cylindrical-subclavate, non-septate, to violet brown (11E5) at the disc/umbo, then 24.3–80.1 × 5.1–12.4 µm. Clamp connections becoming gradually brown (6E4), greyish present. brown (11D3) to finally greyish red (11D4) Known distribution – Asia (Sysouphan- towards the margin, over a white (1A1) thong et al. 2011), Europe (Holec & Hálek background, margin smooth with small velar 2008) and Brazil (Wartchow et al. 2008). remnants; context fleshy, about 4 mm thickness 965 Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/11 Figs 9–13 – Leucoagaricus lilaceus. 9 Basidioma. 10 Basidium. 11 Pileus covering hyphae. 12 Cheilocystidia. 13 Basidiospores. – Bars: 9 = 20 mm; 10, 12, 13 = 10 µm; 11 = 20 µm. 966 Mycosphere Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/3/6/11 near the stipe insertion and 1–2 mm thickness Tucumán (Argentina) and, in contrast to in the medial portion of the pileus, white original diagnosis (Singer & Digilio 1951), the (1A1). Lamellae free, close and with current specimens have slightly larger lamellulae, margin entire, ca. 1 mm diam., basidiospores (5.8–6.5 × 4.3–4.8 µm) and yellowish white (1A2) with pinkish tones, pileus covering hyphae (25–63 × 8.8–13.2 µm). concolour. Stipe 44–75 × 2.5–6 mm, central, However, our results are in full agreement with tapered from base to apex, base strongly and type study and recently collected material by abruptly bulbous reaching 12 mm diam.; Rother & Silveira (2009a) from Rio Grande do surface dry, fibrillose, white (1A1) to yellowish Sul State.
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