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Attraction of Butterflies to Light 1964 Journal of the Lepidopterists' Society 73 The pupa of P. indra minol'i is nearly identical to the pupa of P. indra fordi (illustrated in Comstock & Martin, 1955). The ground color is a grayish tan, with short light and dark streaks giving all surfaces except the wing cases a lightly mottled appearance. The wing cases are pre­ dominantly olive-tan. Thc surface is rough with a profusion of tiny raised points and small wart-like nodules. There are two longitudinal rows of papillae extending posteriorly from the thoracic region: one row on each side of the dorsal area, and a second row placed suprastigmatally. These papillae are not lightly colored and conspicuous, as opposed to those on the pupa of P. indra tordi. ACKNOWLE DGEMENTS The present paper is part of a continuing study of species of the Pa}Jilio machaon complex in western North America. The aid of the Cordon F. Ferris Memorial Scholarship (to J. F. E.) from Stanford University is gl'atefully acknowledged . .Mr. Will C . .Minor of Fruita, Colorado, was exceedingly helpful during our visit to the Black Ridge area. Superintendent F. C. Bussey and Naturalist Clarence J. .McCoy of the National Park Service were most helpful in granting us a collecting pern1it to collect within Colorado National Monument and in answering our many questions about the area and its butterfly fauna. Mr. Donald Eff of Boulder, Colorado, very kindly supplied 11S with a living female of P. indra minori and detailed information on the type locality. Dr. Paul R. Ehrlich, Division of Systematic Biology, Stanford University, reviewed the manuscript and offered helpful assistance at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory. Literature Cited Comstock, John A., & Lloyd M. Martin, 19.55. A new Pap·ilio from California. Bull. so. Calif. acado soc. 54: 142-148. Eff, Donald, 1962. A little about the little-known Papilio indra minori. journ. lepid. soc. 16: 137-142. Emmel, Thomas C., & John F. Emmel, 1962. Ecological studies of Rhopalocera in a High Sierran community - Donner Pass, California. 1. Bulterfly associations and distributional factors. jotl1'n. le}Jid. soc. 16: 23-44 . , 1963 Larval food-plant records for six western Papilios. Inurn. res. lepid. l: 191-193. Harrington, H. D., 19,54. Manual of the plants of Cnlorado. 666 pp. Sage Books, Denver. Mathias, Mildred E., 1938. A revision of the genus Lomatium. Ann. Missouri bot. garden 25: 22.5-297. ATTRACTION OF BUTTERFLIES TO LICHT by D. C. SEVASTOPULO P. O. Box 5026, Mombasa, KENYA With reference to Mr. Donohue's note (Journ. lepid. soc. 16: 131- 132; 1962), the paucity of Indian records of butterflies attracted to light can, I think, be explained partly by the fact that the older generation of entomologists saw nothing remarkable in the occasional visit of a 74 EMMEL and EMMEL: Papilio biology Vol.IS: no.2 butterfly to light; after all many other day-flying, sun-loving insects are so attracted, for example dragonflies, cicadas, grasshoppers, both long and short horned, plant bugs, bees, wasps, day-flying moths, etc., and partly because it is only comparatively recently that electric light has been extended to cover the smaller places. I have published no records of butterflies attracted to light in India, but the crepuscular Melanitis leda L. and Gangara thyrsis F. were both fairly frequent visitors. In Calcutta, the satyrid Elyrnnias hypermnestra undltlaris Drury and the hesperiid Suastus grernius F., both of whose larvae feed on palms growing in verandahs, also appeared not infre­ quently. In 1948, near Pantellaria Island in the Mediterranean, my ship passed through a migration of Vanessa cardui L., and a number of them were attracted to the ship's lights that evening (Entomologist 81: 186; 1948). \Vorking a mercury vapour lamp in East Africa has provided a very large number of records, some of which have been published in 1955 and 1958 (Entomologist 88: 37; 91: 86), and I give below a full list of the species that have been attracted. Some of these have been pub­ lished previously and some have not. For the sake of completeness I have added the names of some day-flying moths that have also been attracted. Papilionidae: Papilio demodocus Esp. Pieridae: Glycesthes creona severina Stol; G. c. infida Btlr.; Catop- silia florella F. Danaidae: Danaus chrysippus L. Acraeidae: Acraea encedon L.; A. eponina Cr. Nymphalidae: Charaxes candiope Godt.; Hypolimnas mlSlppus L.; Precis sophia F.; P. clelia Cr; P. lintingensis cehrene Trim.; P. orithya madagascariensis Guer.; Vanessa cardui L.; Crenis trimeni Auriv. Satyridae: Melanitis leda africana Fruhs.; Gnophodes parmeno diversa Btlr.; Mycalesis safitza Hew. Libytheidae: Lihythea lahdaca Westw. Lycaenidae: Lachnocnema durbani Trim.; Hypolycaena pacha- lica Btlr.; S,yntaructls telicanus Lang; Zizula hylax F. (=Zizeeria gaika Trim.) Hesperiidae: Coeliades sefuncta Vuill.; C. anchises Gerst.; Chond­ rolepis niveicornis Plotz; Zophopetes cC1'ymica Hew.; Pelopidas horbonica Bsd. Sphingidae: Cephonocles hylas virescens Wllgr.; Leucostrophlls hil'undo Gerst. Noctuidae (Catocalinae): Egybolis vaillantina Stoll. .
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