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Upper Extremity 2 Lower Extremity 1

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Upper Extremity 2 Lower Extremity 1 Upper extremity 2 Lower extremity 1 Carpal bones Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Phalanges Metacarpals [I-V] Proximal phalanx Base Trapezoid Middle phalanx Shaft; Body Capitate Distal phalanx Head Hamate Tuberosity of distal phalanx Styloid process of Hook of hamate Base of phalanx third metacarpal [III] Carpal groove Body of phalanx Head of phalanx,Trochlea of phalanx Hip bone; Coxal bone; Pelvic bone Ischium, Ilium, Pubic Acetabulum Acetabular margin Acetabular fossa Acetabular notch Lunate surface Ischiopubic ramus Obturator foramen Greater sciatic notch Ilium Body of ilium Ala of ilium; Wing of ilium Arcuate line Iliac crest Anterior superior iliac spine Anteriror inferior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Iliac fossa Gluteal surface Anterior gluteal line Posterior gluteal line Inferior gluteal line Sacropelvic surface Auricular surface Iliac tuberosity Ischium Body Ramus Ischial tuberosity Ischial spine Lesser sciatic notch Pubis Body Pubic tubercle Symphysial surface Superior pubic ramus Iliopubic ramus Pecten pubis; Pectineal line Obturator groove Inferior pubic ramus Head Fovea for ligament Neck Lesser trochanter Intertrochanteric line and crest Shaft of femur; Body of femur Linea aspera, Lateral lip, Medial lip Pectinal line; Gluteal tuberosity Popliteal surface Medial condyle, Medial epicondyle Adductor tubercle Lateral condyle and epicondyle Patellar surface Intercondylar fossa Intercondylar line The proximal femur is bent (L-shaped) so that the long axis of the head and neck project superomedially at an angle to that of the obliquely oriented shaft This obtuse angle of inclination in the adult is 115 to 140 degrees, averaging 126 degrees. The angle is less in females because of the increased width between the acetabula and the greater obliquity of the shaft. The angle of inclination allows greater mobility of the femur at the hip joint because it places the head and neck more perpendicular to the acetabulum. When the femur is viewed superiorly, so that the proximal end is superimposed over the distal end, it can be seen that the axis of the head and neck of the femur and the transverse axis of the femoral condyles intersect at the long axis of the shaft of the femur forming the torsion angle, or angle of declination. The mean torsion angle is 7 degrees in males and 12 degrees in females. The torsion angle, combined with the angle of inclination, allows rotatory movements of the femoral head within the obliquely placed acetabulum to convert into flexion and extension, abduction and adduction, and rotational movements of the thigh. Tibia Fibula Superior articular surface Head Medial and lateral condyle Articular facet Fibular articular facet Apex of head Ant. et post intercondylar area Neck Intercondylar eminence Shaft; Body Shaft; Body Interosseus border Tibial tuberosity Posterior border Soleal line Lateral malleolus Anterior border Articular facet Medial border Malleolar fossa Interosseus border Malleolar groove Medial malleolus Malleolar groove Articular facet Fibular notch Inferior articular surface .
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