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Carbon Mineral Storage in Seawater: Ikaite (Caco3·6H2O) Columns In

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Carbon Mineral Storage in Seawater: Ikaite (Caco3·6H2O) Columns In Carbon mineral storage in seawater Ikaite (CaCO3·6H2O) columns in Greenland Stockmann, Gabrielle J.; Ranta, Eemu; Trampe, Erik; Sturkell, Erik; Seaman, Paul Published in: Energy Procedia DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.009 Publication date: 2018 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: CC BY-NC-ND Citation for published version (APA): Stockmann, G. J., Ranta, E., Trampe, E., Sturkell, E., & Seaman, P. (2018). Carbon mineral storage in seawater: Ikaite (CaCO ·6H O) columns in Greenland. Energy Procedia, 146, 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.0093 2 Download date: 29. sep.. 2021 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect ScienceDirect AvailableAvailableEnergy online online Procedia at at www.sciencedirect.com www.sciencedirect.com 00 (2018) 000–000 Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia ScienceDirectScienceDirect EnergyEnergy ProcediaProcedia 00146 (20 (2018)17) 000 59–67–000 www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia International Carbon Conference 2018, ICC 2018, 10–14 September 2018, Reykjavik, Iceland International Carbon Conference 2018, ICC 2018, 10–14 September 2018, Reykjavik, Iceland Carbon mineral storage in seawater: Carbon mineral storage in seawater: TheIkaite 15th International(CaCO3ꞏ6H Symposium2O) columns on District in Heating Greenland and Cooling Ikaite (CaCO3ꞏ6H2O) columns in Greenland Gabrielle J. Stockmanna,b,*, Eemu Rantac, Erik Tramped, Erik Sturkelle, and Paul Seamanf GabrielleAssessing J. Stockmann thea,b,* feasibility, Eemu Ranta ofc, Erik using Trampe thed ,heat Erik Sturkelldemande, and-outdoor Paul Seaman f aInstitute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland, Sturlugata 7 – Askja, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland temperatureaInstitutebBolin function Centre of Earth for Sciences, Climate for Research,University a long Svante of Iceland,- Atermrrhenius Sturlugata väg district 8, 7 SE-106– Askja, 91 101 heatStockholm, Reykjavík, demand Sweden Iceland forecast cNordic VolcanologicalbBolin Center,Centre forInstitute Climate of EarthResearch, Sciences, Svante Uni Arrheniusversity of väg Iceland, 8, SE-106 Sturlugata 91 Stockholm, 7 – Askja, Sweden 101 Reykjavík, Iceland dDepartmentcNordicI. Andri Volcanological of Biology,ća,b,c Marine* ,Center, A. Biological Pina Institutea, SofP.ection, Earth Ferrão UniversitySciences,a, J.Uni of FournierCopenhagen,versity of Iceland, Stranb., B. Sturlugatadpromenaden Lacarrière 7 – 5,Askja, DK-3300c 101, O. Reykjavík, Helsingør, Le Corre Iceland Denmarkc dDepartmenteDepartment of Biology, ofMarine Earth BiologicalSciences, University Section, University of Gothenburg, of Copenhagen, Guldhedsgatan Stran dpromenaden5a, SE-413 20 5, Gothenburg, DK-3300 Helsingør, Sweden Denmark e f aIN+ Center forDepartment Innovation, of EarthTechnology Sciences, and University PolicyMawcarse, Research of Gothe Kinross-shire,- Institutonburg, Guldhedsgatan Superior Scotland Técnico 5a,, Av.SE-413 Rovisco 20 Gothenburg, Pais 1, 1049 Sweden-001 Lisbon , Portugal f bVeolia Recherche & InnovatiMawcarse,on, 291 Kinross-shire, Avenue Dreyfous Scotland Daniel, 78520 Limay, France cDépartement Systèmes Énergétiques et Environnement - IMT Atlantique, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44300 Nantes, France Abstract Abstract TheAbstract marine Ikka Fjord in Greenland is well known for its remarkable submarine columns made of the cold-carbonate ikaite (CaCOThe marine3ꞏ6H2 O).Ikka Here, Fjord natural in Greenland processes is welllead toknown fast-precipitating for its remark ikaiteable asubmarinet low temperatures columns made(< 10°C) of the when cold-carbonate carbonate-bearing ikaite groundwater(CaCODistrict3ꞏ6H heating2 O).seeps Here, networks through natural fracturesare processes commonly in Ikka lead addressed Fjord to fast-precipitating and in mixes the literature with ikaiteseawater. as aonet low Within of temperatures the an most area effective of (< 0.75 10°C) kmsolutions 2when, 678 columnscarbonate-bearingfor decreasing of 1 – 20the metersgroundwatergreenhouse height gasseeps have emissions throughbeen registered, fromfractures the continuously buildingin Ikka Fjord sector. growing and These mixes at systems rat witesh measured seawater. require athigh Within 50 investmentscm anper area year. of which Understanding0.75 kmare 2returned, 678 thiscolumns through natural of systethe1 – heat20m ismeterssales of importance. heightDue to have the for been changedcarbon registered, capture climate continuouslyand conditions storage efforts growingand buildingas itat rratepresents esrenovation measured a very policies,at efficient 50 cm heatper method year. demand forUnderstanding carbon in the mineralfuture this couldstoragenatural decrease, insyste coldm seawater.isprolonging of importance the investment for carbon returncapture period. and storage efforts as it represents a very efficient method for carbon mineral storage in cold seawater.The main scope of this paper is to assess the feasibility of using the heat demand – outdoor temperature function for heat demand Copyright forecast. The© 2018 district Elsevier of Alvalade, Ltd. All rights located reserved. in Lisbon (Portugal), was used as a case study. The district is consisted of 665 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd.Ltd. AllAll rightsrights reserved.reserved. Selectionbuildings and that peer-review vary in both underunder construction responsibility period ofof thetheand publicationpublicati typology.on committeeThreecommittee weather ofof the scenarios InternationalInternati (low,onal CarbonCarbon medium, Conferencehigh) and 2018. three district Selectionrenovation and scenarios peer-review were under developed responsibility (shallow, of theintermediate, publication deep). committee To estimate of the Internati the error,onal obtained Carbon Conferenceheat demand 2018. values were Keywords:compared Ikaite, with carbonresults mineral from a storage, dynamic seawater, heat demand low temperature, model, previously calcite inhibitors, developed cyanobacteria, and validated biofilm by the authors. Keywords:The results Ikaite, showed carbon that mineral when storage, only weatherseawater, change low temperature, is considered, calcite theinhibitors, margin cyanobacteria, of error could biofilm be acceptable for some applications (the error in annual demand was lower than 20% for all weather scenarios considered). However, after introducing renovation 1.scenar Introductionios, the error value increased up to 59.5% (depending on the weather and renovation scenarios combination considered). 1.The Introduction value of slope coefficient increased on average within the range of 3.8% up to 8% per decade, that corresponds to the decreaseIkka Fjord in the innumber southwest of heating Greenland hours (Fig.of 22 -1)139h has during been subjectthe heating to extensive season (depending research onsince the 1995combination due to ofthe weather presence and ofrenovation closeIkka Fjordto ascenarios thousand in southwest considered). submarine Greenland On columns the (Fig. other in 1)hand,the has shallow functionbeen subject inner intercept p artto extensive ofincreased the fjord. forresearch The7.8- 12.7%tallest since perof 1995 thesedecade due structures (dependingto the presence are on 18– the 20ofcoupled closem high toscenarios). anda thousand have The an submarine averagevalues suggested diameter columns could of in 0.5–1the be shallowused m. (Fig.to modifyinner 2). pAt artthe low offunction thetide fjord. the parameters tips The of tallest the for tallest theof thesescenarios columns structures considered, can beare seen 18– and 20improve m high the and accuracy have anof heataverage demand diameter estimations. of 0.5–1 m. (Fig. 2). At low tide the tips of the tallest columns can be seen © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +354-525-4275; fax: +354-562-9767. * E-mailCorresponding address: author. [email protected] Tel.: +354-525-4275; fax: +354-562-9767. Keywords:E-mail address:Heat demand; [email protected]; Climate change 1876-6102 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection1876-6102 and Copyright peer-review © 2018 under Elsevier responsibility Ltd. All ofrights the publicatireserved.on committee of the International Carbon Conference 2018. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the publication committee of the International Carbon Conference 2018. 1876-6102 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of The 15th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling. 1876-6102 Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the publication committee of the International Carbon Conference 2018. 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.009 10.1016/j.egypro.2018.07.009 1876-6102 60 Gabrielle J. Stockmann et al. / Energy Procedia 146 (2018) 59–67 2 Author name / Energy Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 through the water surface as massive white structures. Being striking statuesque features, the columns were described by the Inuit as “frozen Norse people”, evoking the memory of the Norse who lived in Ikka Fjord in the Late Middle Age and who were drowned after being chased out on the ice during a conflict with the Inuit [1]. Pauly was the first to publish a scientific description of the columns [2] and to also
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