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Study on Arctic Mining in Greenland Publications of the Ministry of Economic Aairs and Employment Enterprises • 2020:57 Study on Arctic Mining in Greenland Publications of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment 2020:57 Study on Arctic Mining in Greenland Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland, Helsinki 2020 Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment of Finland ISBN PDF: 978-952-327-567-6 Layout: Government Administration Unit, Publications Helsinki 2020 Description sheet Published by Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment 6 November 2020 Authors Simon M. Thaarup, Majken D. Poulsen, Kisser Thorsøe, Jakob K. Keiding Title of publication Study on Arctic Mining in Greenland Series and publication Publications of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment number 2020:57 Subject Enterprises ISBN PDF 978-952-327-567-6 ISSN (PDF) 1797-3562 Website address http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-327-567-6 (URN) Pages 132 Language English Keywords means of livelihood, enterprises, mining industry, arctic region Abstract The Arctic region has a huge business potential and offers many possibilities, but to some extent, Arctic markets are not very familiar to most companies. It is therefore important to provide information about the markets, their characteristics and the operating context. This report gives an overview of the mining market and context in Greenland. Mining activities have so far been limited in Greenland considering the potential. A relatively weak record of mining activity appears to contrast with the metal endowment and existence of numerous mineral occurrences and several world class mineral deposits. Mineral exploration and mining in Greenland often occur in remote areas, usually far from existing infrastructure. This necessitates expensive transportation and establishment infrastructure. The remoteness, harsh Arctic climate and rugged terrain are negative factors often resulting in extra expenditures compared to most other jurisdictions. The many deep fjords in Greenland offer excellent opportunities for deep-sea port and shipping capacity. The social license to operate is in general very favourable in Greenland, and an ambitious new mineral strategy can be instrumental to attract new investments to mining in Greenland. Currently, Greenland is undergoing a phase of rapid development, and large government-funded infrastructure projects are in progress including new airports. Riikka Aaltonen, TEM, +358 295 064 216 Mikko Martikainen, TEM, +358 295 064 795 Pekka Tuomela, GTK, +358 50 300 5633 Publisher Ministry of Economic Affairs and Employment Distributed by/ Electronic version: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi publication sales Publication sales: vnjulkaisumyynti.fi Kuvailulehti Julkaisija Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö 6.11.2020 Tekijät Simon M. Thaarup, Majken D. Poulsen, Kisser Thorsøe, Jakob K. Keiding Julkaisun nimi Tutkimus: Arktinen kaivostoiminta Grönlannissa Julkaisusarjan nimi Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriön julkaisuja ja numero 2020:57 Teema Yritykset ISBN PDF 978-952-327-567-6 ISSN PDF 1797-3562 URN-osoite http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-327-567-6 Sivumäärä 132 Kieli englanti Asiasanat elinkeinot, yritykset, kaivosteollisuus, arktinen alue Tiivistelmä Arktisella alueella on valtavaa liiketoimintapotentiaalia ja se tarjoaa runsaasti mahdollisuuksia, mutta arktiset markkinat ovat jossain määrin melko vieraita useimmille yrityksille. Siksi on tärkeää tarjota tietoa näistä markkinoista ja niiden erityispiirteistä ja toimintaympäristöstä. Tämä raportti esittää yleiskatsauksen Grönlannin kaivostoimintamarkkinoihin ja toimintaympäristöön. Toistaiseksi kaivostoiminta on Grönlannissa ollut melko rajallista sen potentiaaliin nähden. Kaivostoiminnan varsin alhainen taso näyttää olevan ristiriidassa metallivarantojen sekä lukuisien mineraaliesiintymien ja useiden maailmanluokan mineraalikerrostumien kanssa. Grönlannissa mineraalien louhinta ja kaivaminen tapahtuu usein syrjäisillä alueilla, jotka yleensä ovat kaukana olemassa olevasta infrastruktuurista. Tämä vaatii kallista kuljetus - ja perustamisinfrastruktuuria. Syrjäisyys, ankara arktinen ilmasto ja vaikeakulkuinen maasto ovat kielteisiä tekijöitä, joista aiheutuu ylimääräisiä kustannuksia useimpiin muihin alueisiin verrattuna. Grönlannin lukuisat vuonot tarjoavat loistavia mahdollisuuksia syväsatama- ja merenkulkukapasiteetille. Toiminnan yhteiskunnallinen hyväksyttävyys (social license to operate SLO) on ylipäätään varsin suotuisia Grönlannissa ja kunnianhimoinen uusi mineraalistrategia saattaa merkittävästi edistää uusien investointien houkuttelemista Grönlannin kaivostoimintaan Grönlannissa on parhaillaan meneillään nopean kehityksen vaihe ja käynnissä on suuria hallituksen rahoittamia hankkeita koskien mm. uusien lentokenttien rakentamista. Riikka Aaltonen, TEM, +358 295 064 216 Mikko Martikainen, TEM, +358 295 064 795 Pekka Tuomela, GTK, +358 50 300 5633 Kustantaja Työ- ja elinkeinoministeriö Julkaisun Sähköinen versio: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi jakaja/myynti Julkaisumyynti: vnjulkaisumyynti.fi Presentationsblad Utgivare Arbets- och näringsministeriet 6.11.2020 Författare Simon M. Thaarup, Majken D. Poulsen, Kisser Thorsøe, Jakob K. Keiding Publikationens titel Study on Arctic Mining in Greenland (Studie om gruvdrift i Arktis) Publikationsseriens Arbets- och näringsministeriets publikationer namn och nummer 2020:57 Tema Företag ISBN PDF 978-952-327-567-6 ISSN PDF 1797-3562 URN-adress http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-327-567-6 Sidantal 132 Språk engelska Nyckelord näringsgrenar, företag, gruvindustri, arktiska regionen Referat Den arktiska regionen har en enorm affärspotential och erbjuder många möjligheter, men samtidigt är de arktiska marknaderna inte så välkända för de flesta företag. Därför är det viktigt att förbättra informationen om marknaderna, vad som kännetecknar dem och deras verksamhetsmiljö. Denna rapport ger en översikt över gruvmarknaden och dess kontext på Grönland. Gruvverksamheten har hittills varit begränsad på Grönland, i förhållande till potentialen. En relativt låg nivå av gruvverksamhet verkar stå i kontrast till naturresurserna i form av metall, talrika mineralförekomster och flera mineralfyndigheter i världsklass. Mineralprospektering och mineralbrytning på Grönland försiggår ofta i avlägsna områden, i regel långt ifrån befintlig infrastruktur. Det gör att det krävs dyra transporter och etablering av infrastruktur. Det avlägsna läget, det stränga arktiska klimatet och den oländiga terrängen är negativa faktorer som ofta resulterar i extrakostnader jämfört med de flesta andra jurisdiktioner. De många djupa fjordarna på Grönland erbjuder utomordentliga möjligheter till djuphavshamnar och fraktverksamhet. Den sociala licensen att bedriva verksamhet är i allmänhet gynnsam på Grönland och en ambitiös ny mineralstrategi kan i hög grad bidra till att locka nya investeringar till gruvdriften på Grönland. För närvarande genomgår Grönland en fas av snabb utveckling och stora statligt finansierade infrastrukturprojekt pågår, inklusive nya flygplatser. Riikka Aaltonen, TEM, +358 295 064 216 Mikko Martikainen, TEM, +358 295 064 795 Pekka Tuomela, GTK, +358 50 300 5633 Förläggare Arbets- och näringsministeriet Distribution/ Elektronisk version: julkaisut.valtioneuvosto.fi beställningar Beställningar: vnjulkaisumyynti.fi Contents Preface ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 9 1 Greenland in general .......................................................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Geography and Climate ............................................................................................................................................ 11 1.2 History and politics ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 1.2.1 Before the Home Rule ........................................................................................................................... 14 1.2.2 History of politics in Greenland from 1970 to present ............................................................... 15 1.3 Demography ......................................................................................................................................................................... 20 1.4 Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................................................ 21 1.4.1 Transportation......................................................................................................................................... 22 1.4.2 Electricity, water and heat ................................................................................................................... 23 1.4.3 Telecommunication ............................................................................................................................... 24 1.5 Economy ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 1.6 Biodiversity ............................................................................................................................................................................. 25 1.7 Protected areas..................................................................................................................................................................
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