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Hydrothermal and Metamorphic Berthierine
n27 CanadianMineralogist Vol. 30,pp. 1127-1142 (1992) HYDROTHERMALAND METAMORPHICBERTHIERINE FROM THE KIDD CREEK VOLCANOGENICMASSTVE SULFIDE DEPOSIT. TIMMINS, ONTARIO JOHNF.SLACK U.S.Geological Survey, Nationnl Center, Mail Stop954, Reston, Virginia 22092, U.S.A. WEI-TEH JIANG ANDDONALD R. PEACOR Depamnent of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, U.S.A. PATRICKM. OKITA* U.S.Geological Survey, National Center,Mail Stop954, Reston,Virginia 22092,U.S.A. ABSTRACT Berthierine,a 7 A pe-Al memberof the serpentinegroup, occursin the footwall stringerzone of the ArcheanKidd Creek massivesulfide deposit, Ontario, associated with quartz,muscovite, chlorite, pyrite, sphalerite,chalcopyrite, and local tourmaline' cassiterite,and halloysite. Berthierine has been identified by the lack of 14A basalreflections on X-ray powderdiffractionpattems, by its composition (electron-microprobedata), and by transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM). Peoogaphic and scanning eiectronmicroscopic (SEM) studiesreveal different types of berthierineocculrences, including interlayerswithin and rims on deformedchlorite, intergrowthswith muscoviteand halloysite,and discretecoarse grains. TEM imagesshow thick packetsof berthierineand chlorite that are parallel or relatedby low-angle boundaries,and layer terminationsof chlorite by berthierine; mixedJayer chlorite-berthierinealso is observed,intergrown with Fe-rich chlorite and berthierine.End-member (Mg-free) berthierineis presentin small domainsin two samples.The Kidd Creekberthierine is chemicallysimilar -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
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American Mineralogist, Volume 59, pages 906-918, 1974 Domainsin Minerals Rosnnr E. NpwNnarvr Materials ResearchLaboratory, The PennsylaaniaState Uniuersity, Uniuersity Park, Pennsyluania16802 Abstract Mimetic twinning in minerals is reviewed in terms of the tensor properties of the orientation states, showing which forces are eftective in moving domain walls. Following the Aizu method, various types of ferroic species are developed frorn the free energy function. Examples of ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, ferroelastic, ferrobielectric, ferrobimagnetic, ferrobielastic, ferro- elastoelectric, ferromagnetoelastic, and ferromagnetoelectric minerals are described. Introduction and ferromagnetoelectric.As explained later, each Twinning is widely used in mineral identification type of domain reorientationarises from a particular and in elucidating the formation conditions of rocks. term in the free energy function. The distribution of transformation twins in rock- A ferroic crystal contains two or more possible forming minerals enables one to establish the orientationstates or domains;under a suitably chosen thermal processes that have occurred in the rock. driving force the domain walls move, switching the Mechanical twinning is studied by petrologists in crystal from one orientation stateto another. Switch- the analysis of flow effects. In rock magnetism, it ing may be accomplishedby mechanicalstress (a), is the arrangement of ferromagnetic domains which electricfield (E), magneticfield (I/), or somecombina- determines remanent magnetization. These are but tion of the three. Ferroelectric, ferroelastic, and a few examples of twin phenomena in minerals. ferromagneticmaterials are well known examplesof In the past twinned crystals have been classified primary ferroic crystals in which the orientation according to twin-laws and morphology, or accord- statesdiffer respectivelyin spontaneouspolarization ing to their mode of origin, or on a structural basis, P,",, spontaneousstrain 6r"r and spontaneous but there is another classification scheme which magnetizatiorrMr"t. -
List of New Mineral Names: with an Index of Authors
415 A (fifth) list of new mineral names: with an index of authors. 1 By L. J. S~v.scs~, M.A., F.G.S. Assistant in the ~Iineral Department of the,Brltish Museum. [Communicated June 7, 1910.] Aglaurito. R. Handmann, 1907. Zeita. Min. Geol. Stuttgart, col. i, p. 78. Orthoc]ase-felspar with a fine blue reflection forming a constituent of quartz-porphyry (Aglauritporphyr) from Teplitz, Bohemia. Named from ~,Xavpo~ ---- ~Xa&, bright. Alaito. K. A. ~Yenadkevi~, 1909. BuU. Acad. Sci. Saint-P6tersbourg, ser. 6, col. iii, p. 185 (A~am~s). Hydrate~l vanadic oxide, V205. H~O, forming blood=red, mossy growths with silky lustre. Founi] with turanite (q. v.) in thct neighbourhood of the Alai Mountains, Russian Central Asia. Alamosite. C. Palaehe and H. E. Merwin, 1909. Amer. Journ. Sci., ser. 4, col. xxvii, p. 899; Zeits. Kryst. Min., col. xlvi, p. 518. Lead recta-silicate, PbSiOs, occurring as snow-white, radially fibrous masses. Crystals are monoclinic, though apparently not isom0rphous with wol]astonite. From Alamos, Sonora, Mexico. Prepared artificially by S. Hilpert and P. Weiller, Ber. Deutsch. Chem. Ges., 1909, col. xlii, p. 2969. Aloisiite. L. Colomba, 1908. Rend. B. Accad. Lincei, Roma, set. 5, col. xvii, sere. 2, p. 233. A hydrated sub-silicate of calcium, ferrous iron, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen, (R pp, R',), SiO,, occurring in an amorphous condition, intimately mixed with oalcinm carbonate, in a palagonite-tuff at Fort Portal, Uganda. Named in honour of H.R.H. Prince Luigi Amedeo of Savoy, Duke of Abruzzi. Aloisius or Aloysius is a Latin form of Luigi or I~ewis. -
7Th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014
MECC14 7th MID-EUROPEAN CLAY CONFERENCE 2014 16–19 SEPTEMBER 2014 • DRESDEN • GERMANY www.mecc2014.de PROGRAMME AND ABSTRACTBOOK ©: fotolia.com/Erik Schuhmann Particle Size Analysis down to the Nanometer Range NEW: Laser Diffraction Analyzer HORIBA LA-960 The new HORIBA LA-960 quickly and accurately measures fine particles starting from 10 nm. An outstanding feature is its high flexibility which applies to both measuring range and sample feeding. The LA-960 offers the possibility to use different dispersing media: typically water or alcohol but also non- polar organic solvents. BENEFITS n Extremely wide measurement range from 10 nm to 5 mm n Wet and dry measurements possible n Analysis according to the Mie Scattering Theory (scattering and diffraction) n Analysis cycles: < 1 minute (from sample to sample) n Efficient circulation system incl. ultrasonic probe n Change of measuring cells in seconds www.retsch-technology.com Particle Characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis and Laser Scattering RETSCH TECHNOLOGY provides innovative optical measurement systems for particle characterization with Dynamic Image Analysis or Laser Diffraction. The instruments cover a measuring range from 0.3 nm to 30 mm and are suitable for the characterization of powders, granules, bulk materials, suspensions, emulsions and colloidal systems. CAMSIZER P4 CAMSIZER XT LA-960 LA-300 SZ-100 Dynamic Image Analysis Dynamic Image Analysis Laser Diffraction Laser Diffraction Photon Correlation 20 µm - 30 mm 1 µm - 3 mm 10 nm - 5 mm 0.1 µm - 600 µm Spectroscopy www.retsch.com/camsizerp4 www.retsch.com/camsizerxt www.retsch.com/la960 www.retsch.com/la300 0.3 nm - 8 µm www.retsch.com/sz100 Retsch Technology GmbH | Haan | Germany | Phone +49 2104 2333-300 | E-Mail: [email protected] WWW.RETSCH-TECHNOLOGY.COM Retsch Tech-Advert-GB-LA960-148x210-140522.indd 1 26.05.2014 10:58:33 Table of Contents Organisation and Imprint ..................................................................................................... -
Plumbogummite Pbal3(PO4)2(OH)5 • H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Plumbogummite PbAl3(PO4)2(OH)5 • H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 32/m. Crystals hexagonal or bladed, prismatic, to 5 mm, in parallel to subparallel aggregates; microscopically radially fibrous or spherulitic; usually as crusts, botryoidal, reniform, stalactitic, globular, compact massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Uneven to subconchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 4.5–5 D(meas.) = 4.01 D(calc.) = [4.08] Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Grayish white, grayish blue, yellowish gray, yellowish brown, green, pale blue. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous, resinous to dull. Optical Class: Uniaxial (+); segments of crystals may be biaxial. ω = 1.653–1.688 = 1.675–1.704 Cell Data: Space Group: R3m. a = 7.017(1) c = 16.75(1) Z = 3 X-ray Powder Pattern: Ivanhoe mine, Australia. 2.969 (10), 5.71 (9), 2.220 (8), 3.51 (7), 1.905 (6), 3.44 (5), 4.93 (4) Chemistry: (1) (2) SO3 0.67 P2O5 22.47 24.42 As2O5 0.04 Al2O3 25.45 26.32 Fe2O3 0.01 CuO 0.92 PbO 38.90 38.41 H2O [11.54] 10.85 Total [100.00] 100.00 1− (1) Ivanhoe mine, Australia; by electron microprobe, H2O by difference, (OH) • confirmed by IR; leading to Pb1.02Cu0.07Al2.92[(PO4)1.85(SO4)0.05]Σ=1.90(OH)5.29 0.73H2O. • (2) PbAl3(PO4)2(OH)5 H2O. Mineral Group: Crandallite group. Occurrence: An uncommon secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of lead deposits. Association: Pyromorphite, mimetite, duftite, cerussite, anglesite, wulfenite. Distribution: In France, from Huelgoat, Finist`ere.In England, from Roughton Gill, Red Gill, Dry Gill, and other mines, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria; in Cornwall, from Wheal Gorland, Gwennap; at the Penberthy Croft mine, St. -
Wickenburgite Pb3caal2si10o27² 3H2O
Wickenburgite Pb3CaAl2Si10O27 ² 3H2O c 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Hexagonal. Point Group: 6=m 2=m 2=m: Tabular holohedral crystals, dominated by 0001 and 1011 , to 1.5 mm. As spongy aggregates of small, highly perfect f g f g individuals; as subparallel aggregates or rosettes; granular. Physical Properties: Cleavage: 0001 , indistinct. Tenacity: Brittle but tough. Hardness = 5 D(meas.) = 3.85 D(cfalc.) g= 3.88 Fluoresces dull orange under SW UV. Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Colorless to white; rarely salmon-pink. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Uniaxial ({). Dispersion: r < v; moderate. ! = 1.692 ² = 1.648 Cell Data: Space Group: P 63=mmc: a = 8.53 c = 20.16 Z = 2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. 10.1 (100), 3.26 (80), 3.93 (60), 3.36 (40), 2.639 (40), 5.96 (30), 5.04 (30) Chemistry: (1) (2) SiO2 42.1 40.53 Al2O3 7.6 6.88 PbO 44.0 45.17 CaO 3.80 3.78 H2O 3.77 3.64 Total 101.27 100.00 (1) Near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA. (2) Pb3CaAl2Si10O24(OH)6: [needsnew??formula] Occurrence: In oxidized hydrothermal veins, carrying galena and sphalerite, in quartz and °uorite gangue (near Wickenburg, Arizona, USA). Association: Phoenicochroite, mimetite, cerussite, willemite, crocoite, duftite, hemihedrite, alamosite, melanotekite, luddenite, ajoite, shattuckite, vauquelinite, descloizite, laumontite. Distribution: In the USA, in Arizona, at several localities south of Wickenburg, Maricopa Co., including the Potter-Cramer property, Belmont Mountains, and the Moon Anchor mine; on dumps at a Pb-Ag-Cu prospect in the Artillery Peaks area, Mohave Co.; and in the Dives (Padre Kino) mine, Silver district, La Paz Co. -
Nickel Minerals from Barberton, South Africa: I
American Mineralogist, Volume 58, pages 733-735, 1973 NickelMinerals from Barberton,South Africa: Vl. Liebenbergite,A NickelOlivine SvsneNoA. nn Wnar Nationnl Institute lor Metallurgy, I Yale Road.,Milner Park, I ohannesburg,South Alrica Lnwrs C. ClI.x Il. S. GeologicalSuruey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 Abstract Liebenbergite, a nickel olivine from the mineral assemblage trevorite-liebenbergite-nickel serpentine-nickel ludwigite-bunsenite-violarite-millerite-gaspeite-nimite, is described mineral- ogically.Ithasa-1.820,P-1.854,7-1.888,ZVa-88",specificgravity-4'60,Mohs hardness- 6 to 6.5, a - 4.727, b - 10.191,c = 5.955A, and Z - 4. X-ray powder data (48 lines) were indexed according to the space grottp Pbnm. The mean chemical composi- tion, calculated from electron microprobe analyses of eight separate liebenbergite grains, gives the mineral formula: (NL eMgoaCoo,sFeo o)Sio "nOn The name is for W. R. Liebenberg, Deputy Director-General of the National Institute for Metallurgy, South Africa. Introduction mission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (rMA). A re-investigationof the trevorite deposit at Bon Accord in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Experimental Methods Africa, led to the discovery of two peculiar but distinct nickel mineral assemblages.Minerals from The refractive indices were determined by the the assemblagewillemseite-nimite-feroan trevorite- conventional liquid immersion method using a reevesite-millerite-violarite-goethitehave been de- sodium lamp as light source.The optical and crystal scribed in earlier papers in this series (de Waal, morphologicalparameters were studiedwith the aid 1969, l97oa, 1970b;de Waal and Viljoen, I97L). of a universal stage. -
Utahite, a New Mineral and Associated Copper Tellurates from the Centennial Eureka Mine, Tintic District, Juab County, Utah
UTAHITE, A NEW MINERAL AND ASSOCIATED COPPER TELLURATES FROM THE CENTENNIAL EUREKA MINE, TINTIC DISTRICT, JUAB COUNTY, UTAH Andrew C. Roberts and John A. R. Stirling Geological Survey of Canada 601 Booth Street Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K IA OE8 Alan J. Criddle Martin C. Jensen Elizabeth A. Moffatt Department of Mineralogy 121-2855 Idlewild Drive Canadian Conservation Institute The Natural History Museum Reno, Nevada 89509 1030 Innes Road Cromwell Road Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K IA OM5 London, England SW7 5BD Wendell E. Wilson Mineralogical Record 4631 Paseo Tubutama Tucson, Arizona 85750 ABSTRACT Utahite, idealized as CusZn;(Te6+04JiOH)8·7Hp, is triclinic, fracture. Utahite is vitreous, brittle and nonfluorescent; hardness space-group choices P 1 or P 1, with refined unit-cell parameters (Mohs) 4-5; calculated density 5.33 gtcm' (for empirical formula), from powder data: a = 8.794(4), b = 9996(2), c = 5.660(2);\, a = 5.34 glcm' (for idealized formula). In polished section, utahite is 104.10(2)°, f3 = 90.07(5)°, y= 96.34(3YO, V = 479.4(3) ;\3, a:b:c = slightly bireflectant and nonpleochroic. 1n reflected plane-polar- 0.8798:1 :0.5662, Z = 1. The strongest five reflections in the X-ray ized light in air it is very pale brown, with ubiquitous pale emerald- powder pattern are (dA(f)(hkl)]: 9.638(100)(010); 8.736(50)(100); green internal reflections. The anisotropy is unknown because it is 4.841(100)(020); 2.747(60)(002); 2.600(45)(301, 311). The min- masked by the internal reflections. Averaged electron-microprobe eral is an extremely rare constituent on the dumps of the Centen- analyses yielded CuO = 25.76, ZnO = 15.81, Te03 = 45.47, H20 nial Eureka mine, Tintic district, Juab County, Utah, where it (by difference) {12.96], total = {100.00] weight %, corresponding occurs both as isolated 0.6-mm clusters of tightly bound aggre- to CU49;Zn29lTe6+04)39l0H)79s' 7.1H20, based on 0 = 31. -
Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page. -
Mottramite Pbcu(VO4)(OH) C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
Mottramite PbCu(VO4)(OH) c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Orthorhombic. Point Group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. As crystals, equant or dipyramidal {111}, prismatic [001] or [100], with {101}, {201}, many others, to 3 mm, in drusy crusts, botryoidal, usually granular to compact, massive. Physical Properties: Fracture: Small conchoidal to uneven. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = 3–3.5 D(meas.) = ∼5.9 D(calc.) = 6.187 Optical Properties: Transparent to nearly opaque. Color: Grass-green, olive-green, yellow- green, siskin-green, blackish brown, nearly black. Streak: Yellowish green. Luster: Greasy. Optical Class: Biaxial (–), rarely biaxial (+). Pleochroism: Weak to strong; X = Y = canary-yellow to greenish yellow; Z = brownish yellow. Orientation: X = c; Y = b; Z = a. Dispersion: r> v,strong; rarely r< v.α= 2.17(2) β = 2.26(2) γ = 2.32(2) 2V(meas.) = ∼73◦ Cell Data: Space Group: P nma. a = 7.667–7.730 b = 6.034–6.067 c = 9.278–9.332 Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mottram St. Andrew, England; close to descloizite. 3.24 (vvs), 5.07 (vs), 2.87 (vs), 2.68 (vs), 2.66 (vs), 2.59 (vs), 1.648 (vs) Chemistry: (1) (2) (1) (2) CrO3 0.50 ZnO 0.31 10.08 P2O5 0.24 PbO 55.64 55.30 As2O5 1.33 H2O 3.57 2.23 V2O5 21.21 22.53 insol. 0.17 CuO 17.05 9.86 Total 100.02 100.00 (1) Bisbee, Arizona, USA; average of three analyses. (2) Pb(Cu, Zn)(VO4)(OH) with Zn:Cu = 1:1.