DOCSLIB.ORG

A Forgotten Murderer

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Forgotten Murderer Maranatha Baptist Bible College A Forgotten Murderer Submitted to: William Licht Native American History HUHI 335 March 8, 2013 By Emily K. Ranch RANCH 2 Adolf Hitler is well-known for his merciless tactics with the Jews and many others in World War II. When people cite the death toll for Hitler, they generally focus on the 6 million Jews. But he was also responsible for a large number of civilian deaths, the deaths of Russian POWs, and the Jews that were killed in the years leading up to the implementation of the "final solution.” 1Although the impact of Hitler and other vicious dictators are widely known, many men who have targeted nations and killed on a smaller scale are usually over looked. Although the degree to which they killed may be smaller the evil in their tactics should never be forgotten. One such man is William Kieft. Little known and generally overlooked, this Dutch governor in early American colonization had a distinct hand in started the Wappinger War, also known as the William Kieft War, which ruthlessly massacred many Indians. The Wappinger War could have been avoided and many lives saved had it not been for William Kieft. William Kieft was born in Holland around the 1600’s where little is known about his origins. He arrived in Manhattan on March 28, 1638. When Kieft, an energetic and malevolent man, became governor in the Dutch colonies he worked quickly and effectively to put power into his own hands and reconstruct the wretched condition in which he found the New Netherlands. Abuses abounded in the first few years of his administration as he took away privileges from Dutch citizens, repaired and built buildings, planted orchards, created a police force, and ironically fostered morality and religion. 2 Kieft’s reforms did not stop with the Dutch settlers and his gaze was quickly turned to the Indian inhabitants that shared the land and worked to provide the Dutch with furs. 1 White, Mathew. "Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Primary Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century." Necrometrics. http://necrometrics.com/20c5m.htm (accessed March 2, 2013). 2 "William Kieft." Son of the South. http://www.sonofthesouth.net/revolutionary-war/explorers/william-kieft.htm (accessed March 2, 2013).(Para 1) RANCH 3 Under Kieft’s governing hand, acquisition of land soon became extremely important to the Dutch inhabitants of New Netherlands, whose primary purpose for colonization was to make money.3 Soon the desire to maintain positive relationships with the Indian nations faded as the desire to gain land was fostered by Kieft. 4 In 1639, William Kieft along with the Dutch West Indian Company decided to place a tribute on the local Indians, which included the Tappan, Hackinsack, Wickquaesgeck, and Raritan, because they were under Dutch protection. Disregarding the warning of many Dutch residents and other administrators of the colony who were familiar with the Indians, William Kieft ordered and justified this trubute. In his own words Kieft proclaims, “Whereas the Company is put to great expense both in building fortifications and in supporting soldiers and sailors, we have therefore resolved to demand from the Indians who dwell around here and who heretofore we have protected against their enemies, some contributions in the form of skins, maize and seawan [wampum], and if there be any nation which is not in a friendly way disposed to make such contribution it shall be urged to do so in the most suitable manner.”5 Not surprisingly, the Indians were enraged toward the harsh punishment that was enacted when tribute was not produced. With the added pressure to present fur that was quickly disappearing and their boiling anger due to the tribute they were forced to provide, the means for William Kieft’s War was presented. The purpose of the war was to force the Indians to adhere to the Dutch tribute and the initial conflict was the theft of some hogs on a Dutch farm in Staten Island. The thieves were 3 Giersbach, Walter. "Governor Kieft's Personal War." Military History Online. http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/indianwars/articles/kieftswar.aspx (accessed January 26, 2013). (Para 3). 4 Axlerod, Alan. America's Wars. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2002. (accessed January 26, 2013).(Page 28). 5 Ojibwa. "The Governor Kieft War." Native American Netroots. http://www.nativeamericannetroots.net/diary/968/the-governor-kieft-war (accessed January 26, 2013).(Para 2). RANCH 4 Dutch, not Indian. However, Governor Kieft sent a posse to a Raritan village and several Indians were killed. In response, the Raritan Indian’s attacked the farm where the “theft” had taken place, burning down the house and killing four farm hands.6The events quickly digressed from then on. David De Vries, an eye witness of William Kieft’s actions and the largest private investor in the colony who had originally advised against creating a tribute, describes one of the preluding massacres that occurred during this war “Later visited the governor and council hall where the soldiers were ready to go hunt Indians. The next evening, in the clear winter night of 25 to 26 February, attracted an army of eighty settlers to the Indian refugees camped behind Curlers plantation. Forty were killed in their sleep.”7 (translated from Dutch), This incident, orchestrated and encouraged by William Kieft, became known as the “Slaughter of the Innocent” and occurred in February, 1643.8. Between 100 and 110 Wappingers were murdered that night which is called today the Pavonia Massacre. De Vries reportedly told Governor Kieft, who had remained in safety inside Fort Amsterdam, that he had commenced the ruin of the colony. Kieft scorned De Vries, who turned out to be correct in his accusation. The Dutch troops returned from the massacre with thirty prisoners and the heads of a number of Indians on their pikes. Kieft, “shook their bloody hands delightedly, praised them and gave them presents.”9 The soldiers used the severed heads to play kickball in the streets. Sadly, this was just one small incident in the next two decades of 6 Ojibwa, paragraph 4 7 DeVries, David. Short Historical and Journal Notes of Several Voyages, 1655. 1655. http://www.antenna.nl/~fwillems/nl/nest/deVries.html (accessed January 26, 2013).(Para 8). 8 Tucker, Spencer. The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607-1890. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO,LLC, 2011. http://books.google.com/books?id=lyNakUZmQ9IC&pg=PA826&lpg=PA826&dq=willem (Page 826). 9 Giersbach, Walter, paragraph 25 RANCH 5 fighting and wars that proceeded as anger and retaliation spewed from both the Indians and the Dutch settlers. One of the most repulsive massacres that happened during William Kieft’s war took place later in 1643. A group of Wecquaesgeek and Tappan sought refuge at Fort Amsterdam as they fled from a war party of Mahican. Unknown to them, Governor Kieft had argued for the extermination of all Indians who had refused to pay Dutch tribute in the previous months. 10 The horrors of that night were described by De Vries in his journal, “infants were torn from their mother's breasts, and hacked to pieces in the presence of the parents, and the pieces thrown into the fire and in the water, and other sucklings, being bound to small boards, were cut, stuck, and pierced, and miserably massacred in a manner to move a heart of stone."11 The death of eighty Indians resulted from that massacre and soldier who had conducted such acts of violence and horror were personally thanked and congratulated by William Kieft for their victory. After two years of fighting and retaliation Kieft was able to take control of the war with aid from English mercenaries. He punished his opponents brutally, slaughtering more than 1,600 Indians before concluding the war with a peace treaty in 1645.12 The Dutch wished to negotiate a firm and unbreakable peace with the assembled Indian leaders which included Hackinsack leader, Oratany, Tappan leader, Sesekemu, Rachgawawanck leader, Willem, Nyack leader, Mayauwetinnemin, and Wickquasgeck leader, Aepjen (also known as Eskuyas).13Regretfully, the treaty only held for a decade before the Peach Tree War began on September 15, 1655, when a young Indian girl picked a peach from a Dutch orchard and was killed for her actions. 14 10 Ojibwa, paragraph10. 11 DeVries, David 12 Tucker, Spencer, page 826 13 Ojibwa, paragraph 11. 14 Kieft's War / Peach Tree War. http://prezi.com/oarvajwypf11/kiefts-war-peach-tree-war/ (accessed January 26, 2013) RANCH 6 William Kieft played an intricate and decisive part in instigating and encouraging the massacre of the surround Indians in the New Netherlands. Had he listened to the advice from those around him and decided not to instate the tribute to begin with, the simmering anger and judgment from both parties could have easily been avoided. With Kieft’s purpose to gain money and riches in his endeavors in America he failed to take into account the human lives he in his pursuit for power. It would even seem, from his actions, that he did not consider Indians to be human at all. Although the death toll of William Kieft’s War was significantly less than that of Hitler’s “Final Solution” and genocide in World War II, it should not be overlooked. The cruelty and venomous actions that occurred because of William Kieft’s encouragement and orders are equally as heinous only on a smaller scale. His evil accomplishments mirrored those of Adolf Hitler in his utter disregard for the sanctity of the human lives that surrounded him. Both individuals are tragic examples of how men can become so blinded by power, money and a false sense of superiority that they become capable of unthinkable atrocities.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Apples Abound
    APPLES ABOUND: FARMERS, ORCHARDS, AND THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF AGRARIAN REFORM, 1820-1860 A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy John Henris May, 2009 APPLES ABOUND: FARMERS, ORCHARDS, AND THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF AGRARIAN REFORM, 1820-1860 John Henris Dissertation Approved: Accepted: ____________________________ ____________________________ Advisor Department Chair Dr. Kevin Kern Dr. Michael M. Sheng ____________________________ ____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the College Dr. Lesley J. Gordon Dr. Chand Midha ____________________________ ____________________________ Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School Dr. Kim M. Gruenwald Dr. George R. Newkome ____________________________ ____________________________ Committee Member Date Dr. Elizabeth Mancke ____________________________ Committee Member Dr. Randy Mitchell ____________________________ Committee Member Dr. Gregory Wilson ii ABSTRACT This dissertation argues that apple cultivation was invariably intertwined with, and shaped by, the seemingly discordant threads of scientific agricultural specialization, emigration, urbanization, sectionalism, moral reform, and regional identity in New England and Ohio prior to the American Civil War. As the temperance cause gained momentum during the 1820s many farmers abandoned their cider trees and transitioned to the cultivation of grafted winter apples in New England. In turn agricultural writers used
    [Show full text]
  • New Jersey State Research Guide Family History Sources in the Garden State
    New Jersey State Research Guide Family History Sources in the Garden State New Jersey History After Henry Hudson’s initial explorations of the Hudson and Delaware River areas, numerous Dutch settlements were attempted in New Jersey, beginning as early as 1618. These settlements were soon abandoned because of altercations with the Lenni-Lenape (or Delaware), the original inhabitants. A more lasting settlement was made from 1638 to 1655 by the Swedes and Finns along the Delaware as part of New Sweden, and this continued to flourish although the Dutch eventually Hessian Barracks, Trenton, New Jersey from U.S., Historical Postcards gained control over this area and made it part of New Netherland. By 1639, there were as many as six boweries, or small plantations, on the New Jersey side of the Hudson across from Manhattan. Two major confrontations with the native Indians in 1643 and 1655 destroyed all Dutch settlements in northern New Jersey, and not until 1660 was the first permanent settlement established—the village of Bergen, today part of Jersey City. Of the settlers throughout the colonial period, only the English outnumbered the Dutch in New Jersey. When England acquired the New Netherland Colony from the Dutch in 1664, King Charles II gave his brother, the Duke of York (later King James II), all of New York and New Jersey. The duke in turn granted New Jersey to two of his creditors, Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. The land was named Nova Caesaria for the Isle of Jersey, Carteret’s home. The year that England took control there was a large influx of English from New England and Long Island who, for want of more or better land, settled the East Jersey towns of Elizabethtown, Middletown, Piscataway, Shrewsbury, and Woodbridge.
    [Show full text]
  • Council Minutes 1655-1656
    Council Minutes 1655-1656 New Netherland Documents Series Volume VI ^:OVA.BUfi I C ^ u e W « ^ [ Adriaen van der Donck’s Map of New Netherland, 1656 Courtesy of the New York State Library; photo by Dietrich C. Gehring Council Minutes 1655-1656 ❖ Translated and Edited by CHARLES T. GEHRING SJQJ SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY PRESS Copyright © 1995 by The Holland Society of New York ALL RIGHTS RESERVED First Edition, 1995 95 96 97 98 99 6 5 4 3 21 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements o f American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z 39.48-1984.@™ Produced with the support of The Holland Society o f New York and the New Netherland Project of the New York State Library The preparation of this volume was made possibl&in part by a grant from the Division of Research Programs of the National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency. This book is published with the assistance o f a grant from the John Ben Snow Foundation. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data New Netherland. Council. Council minutes, 1655-1656 / translated and edited by Charles T. Gehring. — lsted. p. cm. — (New Netherland documents series ; vol. 6) Includes index. ISBN 0-8156-2646-0 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. New York (State)— Politics and government—To 1775— Sources. 2. New York (State)— History—Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775— Sources. 3. New York (State)— Genealogy. 4. Dutch—New York (State)— History— 17th century—Sources. 5. Dutch Americans—New York (State)— Genealogy.
    [Show full text]
  • Washington, Friday, March 2, 1945
    FEDERAL« REGISTER 1934 VOLUME 10 T E O ^ NUMBER U Washington, Friday, March 2, 1945 The President This amendment shall become effective CONTENTS as of January 1, 1945. THE PRESIDENT F r a n k l in D R oosevelt EXECUTIVE ORDER 9525 E x e c u t iv e O rders: Page T h e W h it e H o u s e , Clothing or cash allowances for A m e n d m e n t op E x e c u t iv e O rder 9356 o p February 28, 1945. Ju n e 24,1943, P rescr ibing R eg u lat io n s enlisted personnel of Navy, Coast Guard, or Reserves G over ning t h e F u r n is h in g o p C l o t h ­ [F. R. Doc. 45-3315; Filed, Mar. 1, 1945; 11:17 a. m.] in g i n K in d or P a y m e n t o f C ash A l ­ thereof; Executive Order lo w a n c e s i n L ie u T hereof to E n list ed 9356 amended____________ 2423 P e r so nnel o f t h e N a v y , t h e C oast Public lands, amendment of cer­ G uard, t h e N aval R eserve, and t h e tain Executive and Public C oast G uarb R eserve EXECUTIVE ORDER 9526 Land orders authorizing withdrawal during national By virtue of and pursuant to the au­ A m e n d in g C e r t a in E x e c u tiv e and P u b lic emergency________ T_______ 2423 thority vested in me by section 10 of the L and O rders W it h d r a w in g P u b lic York Safe & Lock Co., York Pay Readjustment Act of June 16, 1942 L ands for P ur po ses I n c id e n t to t h e County, Pa.; possession of (56 Stat.
    [Show full text]
  • Blom and Looijestejn.Pmd
    A Land of Milk and Honey: Colonial Propaganda and the City of Amsterdam, 1656-1664 Frans Blom and Henk Looijesteijn EW NETHERLAND, in its final colonial propaganda. In this article we dem- Netherland was a task entrusted to a com- decade under Dutch rule, had a onstrate that these texts serving to promote mittee of several directors of the Amsterdam Nstrong presence in Amsterdam’s the image of the American colony in the Chamber. The exact number of the direc- wide variety of public media. The colony Dutch Republic were closely linked to tors dealing with New Netherland is un- was depicted at large in the Description Amsterdam’s growing involvement in the known; usually the same names would re- (1655) by Adriaen van der Donck, who had colony in these years, and to one particular occur in the signatures. These commissaries lived there. Another eyewitness, the poet settlement project: the Amsterdam city- kept the correspondence with the colony and Jacob Steendam, published three different colony of New Amstel. prepared decision-making of the whole verse compositions on New Netherland chamber.1 Both the Chamber of Amsterdam (1659-1662) following his return to patria. Amsterdam and New Netherland. and the committee charged with the admin- Amsterdam-based authors also discussed Amsterdam was important for New istration of New Netherland were housed the American colony during this period. Netherland, for its involvement with the trade in the same building, the West-Indisch Huis Franciscus van den Enden, the headmaster of New Netherland had been great from the (West India House) on Haarlemmerstraat, of the city’s Latin School, published his Kort beginning.
    [Show full text]
  • Blom and Looijestejn.Pmd
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) A Land of Milk and Honey: Colonial Propaganda and the City of Amsterdam, 1656-1664 Blom, F.; Looijesteijn, H. Publication date 2012 Document Version Final published version Published in Halve Maen Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Blom, F., & Looijesteijn, H. (2012). A Land of Milk and Honey: Colonial Propaganda and the City of Amsterdam, 1656-1664. Halve Maen, 85(3), 47-56. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:28 Sep 2021 A Land of Milk and Honey: Colonial Propaganda and the City of Amsterdam, 1656-1664 Frans Blom and Henk Looijesteijn EW NETHERLAND, in its final colonial propaganda. In this article we dem- Netherland was a task entrusted to a com- decade under Dutch rule, had a onstrate that these texts serving to promote mittee of several directors of the Amsterdam Nstrong presence in Amsterdam’s the image of the American colony in the Chamber.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 5, Number 5, Winter 2015-16
    VOLUME 5, NUMBER 5 • WINTER 2015-16 the Swedish Colonial society journal PRESERVING THE LEGACY OF THE NEW SWEDEN COLONY IN AMERICA The Swedish Colonial Militia at the SWEDISH 360th birthday celebration, 31 August 2015 , of the Delaware National Guard. Second from left is Herb Rambo, COLONIAL descendant of Peter Gunnarsson Rambo, inspecting the troops. Fourth MALITIA from left, in buckskin ‘savage coat’, is John Tepe, descendant of Peter Larsson Cock. Both Cock and Rambo were among the militiamen (here Photo by Marnie King, Wilmington DE further portrayed by re-enactors of the New Sweden Centre) who defended IN THIS ISSUE: 12 Bengtsson Became Bankston Ft. Christina against the Dutch 360 years ago. Another photo, page 3. 4 A Pyrrhic Victory Emily Tepe, Forefather 14 Member, Named Swedish Here they stand at Ft. Christina Park, Student seminar: American of the Year Wilmington, which is now part of the 9 Cabin to Capsule First State National Historical Park, 17 New Sweden History declared by President Obama on 10 Book review: Jean Soderlund’s Conference: Power & 13 March 2013. “Lenape Country: Delaware Politics in New Sweden Valley Society before William Penn” 18 Letter from the Editor GOVERNOR’S MESSAGE The Swedish Col onial Society 916 South Swanson Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19147 Greetings, everyone, As Governor, I urge you to visit the SCS Website at: www.colonialswedes.net and our Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/SwedishColonialSociety/timeline. At the latter you will find each day’s daily New Sweden history event. The SCS Website itself will provide you with upcoming events, conferences, and current SCS activities.
    [Show full text]
  • A Knickerbocker Tour of New York State, 1822: "Our Travels, Statistical
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Electronic Texts in American Studies Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln 1822 A Knickerbocker tour of New York State, 1822: "Our Travels, Statistical, Geographical, Mineorological, Geological, Historical, Political and Quizzical"; Written by Myself XYZ etc. Johnston Verplanck New York American Louis Leonard Tucker , editor The New York State Library Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/etas Part of the American Studies Commons Verplanck, Johnston and Tucker, Louis Leonard , editor, "A Knickerbocker tour of New York State, 1822: "Our Travels, Statistical, Geographical, Mineorological, Geological, Historical, Political and Quizzical"; Written by Myself XYZ etc." (1822). Electronic Texts in American Studies. 61. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/etas/61 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Libraries at University of Nebraska-Lincoln at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Texts in American Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. I iC 1\ N A D I I I 0 iI I' I ~ I A Knickerbocker tour of New York State, 1822 ~~Our Travels, Statistical, Geographical, Mineorological, Geological, Historical, Political and "Quizzical" Written by myself XYZ etc. Edited, with an Introduction and Notes, By LoUIS LEONARD TUCKER The University of the State of New York The State Education Department The New York State Library Albany 1968 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK Regents of the University (with years when terms expire) 1969 JOSEPH W. MCGOVERN, A.B., LL.B., L.H.D., LL.D., Chancellor · New York 1970 EVERETT J.
    [Show full text]
  • IFTC Final Report
    CULTURAL RESOURCES INVESTIGATIONS INTERMODAL FERRY TRANSPORTATION CENTER CITY OF SOUTH AMBOY MIDDLESEX COUNTY, NEW JERSEY Prepared for: City of South Amboy Prepared by: Ian Burrow, Ph.D., RPA, Principal Investigator Patrick Harshbarger, M.A., Principal Historian July 2015 (Revised December 2015) MANAGEMENT SUMMARY This report documents the identification, evaluation of significance and both the implemented and proposed treatment of historic properties at the site of the proposed Intermodal Ferry Transportation Center (IFTC), located on the site of the former ferry terminals and rail yard facilities of the Camden and Amboy Railroad (later the Pennsylvania Railroad) in South Amboy, Middlesex County, New Jersey. The facilities form part of the Camden and Amboy Railroad (Main Line) Historic District, which the New Jersey State Historic Preservation Officer has on several occasions, beginning in 1975, determined to be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. This federally licensed and funded undertaking falls under the provisions of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, Section 4(f) of the U.S. Department of Transportation Act of 1966, and the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, as amended. Consideration of historic properties followed the Section 106 regula- tory process set forth in 36 CFR Part 800, coordinated with NEPA and Section 4(f). Beginning in late 2000, a series of studies were initiated within the defined Area of Potential Effects (APE) for this undertaking. Following an identification study for an Environmental Assessment document produced in accordance with NEPA, Phase I archaeological investigations were carried out in 2001 and 2002 in the areas immediately impacted by a proposed new access road (named Radford Ferry Road to reference the 18th-century ferry at the site) and parking area for a new passenger ferry terminal.
    [Show full text]
  • Maria Thereza Alves Seeds of Change: New York - a Botany Colonization February 10 – March 31, 2018
    MARIA THEREZA ALVES Seeds of Change : New York A Botany of Colonisation 42 rue de Turenne F-75003 Paris 51A Washington street B-1050 Brussels P. +33 (0)1 42 72 68 13 P. +32 (0)2 640 26 40 michelrein.com CONTAINTS Exhibition views : Vera List Center Prize, The New School, New York, 2017..…p.03 Exhibition views : Michel Rein, Paris, 2018………………………………………………………………..p.07 Works list…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….p.19 Press release…………………….……………………………………………………………………………………………….p.23 Press review………………..……………….…………………………………………………………………………………….p.25 Booklet…………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….……….p.42 Ballast flora list………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………….p.74 Vera List Center Prize, The New School, New York, 2017 Michel Rein, Paris, 2018 Works list 1. Maria Thereza Alves The Entire Coast of Long Island, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 412 x 152 cm 2. Maria Thereza Alves In Ballast: To and From New York, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 155 x 293 cm 3. Maria Thereza Alves Untitled, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 82 x 112 cm 4. Maria Thereza Alves Untitled, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 82 x 112 cm 5. Maria Thereza Alves Untitled, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 82 x 112 cm 6. Maria Thereza Alves Untitled, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 82 x 112 cm 7. Maria Thereza Alves Untitled, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 82 x 112 cm 8. Maria Thereza Alves Untitled, 2017 Linen, acrylic, ink 82 x 112 cm 9. Maria Thereza Alves Ballast Indicator: Atriplex rosea, 2017 Paper, water color 30 x 30 cm 10. Maria Thereza Alves Ballast Indicator: Verbene officinalis, 2017 Paper, water color 30 x 30 cm 11. Maria Thereza Alves Ballast Indicator: Mercurialis annua, 2017 Watercolor on paper 30 x 30 cm 12.
    [Show full text]
  • New-Netherland a Trading Colony in the New World
    New-Netherland A trading colony in the New World Lesson book – For the Hudson Year HAVO/VWO 3 and 4 ~ 1 ~ Netherlands Atlantic Association Bezuidenhoutseweg 237-239 2594 AM The Hague [email protected] www.atlantischecommissie.nl ISBN 978-90-73329-19-5 First edition 2009 Editors The text was written under the auspices of the Education Committee of the Netherlands Atlantic Association by Jan-Jouke Mulder and Wietske Stans (interns at the Netherlands Atlantic Association, September – December 2008) with revisions by Berdien Wiegant and Matthijs van Duijn (interns at the Netherlands Atlantic Association, January – April 2009). Hans Krabbendam provided guidance in terms of content. Maaike Dingemans-Derix was responsible for the fi nal editing. Translation: Nora Delaney and Kate Delaney. Cover: New Netherland: Peter Stuyvesant and a Native American (photo: Panoramio). Design and printing: Thieme MediaCenter Nijmegen. The publication of this lesson booklet has been made possible by a generous grant from the US Embassy in The Hague. © 2009 Netherlands Atlantic Association. All rights reserved. No material from this publication may be copied, saved in a computerized database, or made public in any form or manner, whether electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or any other manner, without prior written permis- sion from the Netherlands Atlantic Association. Publisher’s note: we have made all possible efforts to determine copyright owners. If persons or bodies intend to make claim to specifi c rights, please contact the publisher. ~ 2 ~ Preface Back in the days when everyone still smoked, I used to fetch packs of Peter Stuyvesant cigarettes for my mother; the pack is still an icon from the image archive of my youth.
    [Show full text]
  • DFNJ 2016 Edition 7-17-16 OGDEN.Pdf
    FOUNDERS OF NEW JERSEY First Settlements, Colonists and Biographies by Descendants Dr. Evelyn Hunt Ogden Registrar General The Descendants of Founders of New Jersey Third Edition 2016 First Settlements, Colonists and Biographies by Descendants, Third Edition 2016 This 250+ page E-book contains sketches of the earliest English settlements, 137 biographies of founders of New Jersey the state, and an extensive index of over 1,800 additional early colonists associated with events and settlement during the Proprietary Period of New Jersey. Founders of New Jersey: First Settlements, Colonists and Biographies by Descendants Member Authors Paul Woolman Adams, Jr. Steven Guy Brandon Rowley Mary Ellen Ezzell Ahlstrom Craig Hamilton Helen L. Schanck Annie Looper Alien William Hampton Deanna May Scherrer Reba Baglio Robert J. Hardie, Sr. Marjorie Barber Schuster Lucy Hazen Barnes James Paul Hess Judy Scovronsky Michael T. Bates Steve Hollands Sara Frasier Sellgren Kathryn Marie Marten Beck Mary Jamia Case Jacobsen James A Shepherd Taylor Marie Beck Edsall Riley Johnston, Jr. Barbara Carver Smith Patricia W. Blakely Elaine E. Johnston Marian L. Smith Matthew Bowdish John Edward Lary Jr Martha Sullivan Smith Margaret A. Brann Guy Franklin Leighton Myron Crenshaw Smith Clifton Rowland Brooks, M.D. Marian L. LoPresti George E. Spaulding, Jr. Richard Charles Budd Constan Trimmer Lucy Heather Elizabeth Welty Speas Daniel Byram Bush Michael Sayre Maiden, Jr. Charlotte Van Horn Squarcy James Reed Campbell Jr Donna Lee Wilkenson Malek Earl Gorden Stannard III Esther Burdge Capestro Douglas W. McFarlane Marshall Jacqueline Frank Strickland Michael Charles Alan Russell Matlack David Strungfellow Warren R. Clayton Amy Adele Matlack Harriet Stryker-Rodda Eva Lomerson Collins Nancy Elise Matlack Kenn Stryker-Rodda Mirabah L.
    [Show full text]