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he cultural heritage of the Hudson River Valley reaches back at least 10,000 years to the indigenous peoples who hunted, migrated, and settled through- Tout the region. These Native communities maintained spiritual traditions honoring the natural environment and used the rivers to build a far-reaching and vibrant trade economy. When Dutch explorers arrived in the 17th century, they saw opportunities in the valley’s rich natural resources and existing trade networks and began building permanent settlements, founding the Dutch colony of New Netherland. Today the cultural influences of the Native American and Dutch communities remain. Setting precedents for federalist government, a free trade economy, cultural and ethnic diversity, and religious tolerance, the philosophies of Edward Moran. 1892. Henrik Hudson Entering New York these societies laid foundations for the political and cultural development of the Harbor, September 11, 1609. Courtesy of the Berkshire Museum, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, USA United States and continue to shape the heritage of the Hudson River Valley today.

Indigenous Peoples of the Hudson Valley New Netherland Beverwijck (loosely translated as Beaver attracted farmers who encroached on Prior to European arrival, the Hudson Confederacy (also known as the In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed into District), which was subsequently land used by the Esopus Indians. The River Valley was home to many Native Iroquois), whose structure inspired the what is now called the Hudson River renamed Albany. Peach Tree War, other regional conflicts American societies—from the Munsee United States’ federalist government Valley. Exploring for the Dutch East between Europeans and Native Peoples, Indians of the lower valley (also known system. India Company, his Half Moon crew In the 1620’s, the Dutch West India and the Esopus Wars led the Dutch to as Lenape), to the Mohicans and traded with Lenape and Mohawk Company began “purchasing” land from build a defensive stockade around their Mohawks of the upper valley. Trade with the Dutch gave Native villages. Although they failed to discover the Native peoples for Dutch landowners town in 1658. The Uptown Stockade Americans access to fabrics, glass beads, a northwest passage to Asia, Hudson called patroons. The first was Kilaen District in Kingston is the largest Early Dutch settlers, about one-half of and steel tools, but exposed them to returned to Amsterdam to report of Van Rensselaer’s estate. Granted in 1629, remaining early Dutch settlement in whom were not ethnically Dutch, decimating diseases. As the Dutch beautiful land, rich in resources, and Rensselaerswijck encompassed the New York State. learned important survival techniques colony grew, so did conflicts. Many navigable by “as fine a river as can be land surrounding Albany. Crailo State from Native Americans, and adapted tribes were forced to migrate west. found.” Historic Site, the family home until When English ships seized New many of their diplomatic, cultural, and 1924, is now a museum, the interpretive Amsterdam in 1664, Dutch governor social practices. Manhattan retains the Today, New York State is home to Dutch traders soon dominated the focus of which is the Dutch culture of Peter Stuyvesant oversaw New Munsee Indian name Mannahatta, eight federally-recognized tribes and economy. At Fort Orange (1624), the upper Hudson Valley. Netherland’s peaceful transition to “the island of many hills.” The Mohawk over 220,000 people who identify as Mohawk and Mohican trappers served become the Province of New York. Indians were the easternmost branch of American Indian or Alaska Native. as an important source for beaver Goods from Beverwijck were transported The terms of surrender allowed Dutch the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee pelts, which were then in high demand south to other Dutch settlements, inhabitants to continue their way of life, Henry Hudson’s Half Moon, 1609 in Europe. The trade was so critical including Esopus and New Amsterdam. which flourished during the course of Library of Congress that the northern outpost was called Esopus, later renamed Kingston, the 18th-century.

The Jean Hasbrouck House on Historic Hudson Highlands State Park Eleanor and Franklin at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Vanderbilt Mansion National Historic Site, Crailo State Historic Site, Rensselaer, NY Huguenot Street, New Paltz, NY Presidential Library and Museum, Hyde Park, NY Hyde Park, NY

Harmony with Nature Cultural & Political Influences From 1883 to 1916, the Mohonk The Van Schaick Mansion (1735) Harriman State Park, Sloatsburg, NY Mountain House was the site of the served as military headquarters for the Known for its breathtaking scenery, the In the 17th-century, Dutch society was annual Lake Mohonk Conference of English during the French and Indian Hudson Valley’s landscape was largely the most progressive in Europe, so New Friends of the Indian, where leaders War, and the Continental Army during shaped by its indigenous communities. Netherland also embraced modern ideas discussed ways to make Native Peoples the American Revolution. Using controlled burning, Munsee and like ethnic diversity, religious freedom, adopt European ways and culture. Mohican tribes cleared woodland to and free trade when applied to other create crop fields. These sustainable Europeans. Dutch, Munsee, Mohican, practices provided open meadows and Mohawk, African, and other European Mohonk Mountain House, Lake Mohonk, NY, 1905 views that inspired Hudson River people lived within the same region. Library of Congress School painters. The relationships between these groups ranged from cooperative trade, to For a glimpse of the valley as it appeared exploitive slavery, and outright warfare. in its more natural state during the 18th-century, one can hike the trails of Hudson Highlands State Park Preserve, Harriman State Park, and Clarence Fahnestock Memorial State Park.

The Dutch left their mark through distinctive architecture. Original farm- houses like the Bronck Museum (1663 & 1738), the Luykas Van Alen House (1737), the Madam Brett Park and The Roosevelts, who trace their ancestry Visit the Home of President Franklin Homestead (1709), and the Jacob to the earliest Dutch immigrants, became D. Roosevelt National Historic Site Blauvelt House (1832) preserve one of America’s most influential in Hyde Park to learn how FDR features like gambrel roofs, overhanging political families. Theodore Roosevelt, expanded the National Park Service to eaves, and compact layout designs. the 26th U.S. President, was the first to protect historic sites, including nearby prioritize protecting the country’s Vanderbilt Mansion (1899.) A lifelong natural resources. As governor of New resident of the Hudson Valley, Roosevelt York, he founded the Palisades Interstate incorporated Dutch style into his Daniel Ninham, a sachem, or chief, of Parks Commission, an organization that family’s home Springwood (1915), his the Wappinger Indians, was an maintains Bear Mountain and Storm retreat Top Cottage (1937), and his wife 18th-century political hero. Indian Field King Mountain State Parks. Eleanor’s retreat Val-Kill (1924). in Van Cortlandt Park honors him and other Stockbridge Munsee Bear Mountain State Park Pool, 1935 Mohican warriors who died fighting in Below: View from Bear Mountain State Park the 1778 Battle of Kingsbridge. Ninham memorials throughout the region include Ninham Mountain State Forest and Ninham Mountain Fire Tower.

Luykas Van Alen House, Kinderhook, NY Jacob Blauvelt House, New City, NY

Ongoing Cultural and Environmental Advocacy Seasonal festivals, museum exhibits, and The Redhawk Native American Arts commemorative events celebrate the Council (www.redhawkcouncil.org/) Native American and Dutch influences hosts programs year-round to educate that still shape the Hudson River Valley. people on the history of indigenous peoples in the U.S. and celebrates active The Hudson River Sloop Clearwater, a Native communities. reconstruction of an 18th-century Dutch sloop-rigged sailing ship, was launched The annual Albany Tulip Festival in 1969 through a campaign for stronger takes place in Albany’s Washington Park environmental protection that was every May to observe the city’s rich spearheaded by legendary folk musician Dutch heritage. Pete Seeger. It’s now a traveling museum with a home port at the Hudson River Maritime Museum in Kingston.

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C Map & Guide Series Hudson River Valley Ashokan National Heritage Area, New York Reservoir 4 Dutch &RHINEBECK Native American Heritage in the Hudson River Valley www.hudsonrivervalley.com Senate House/ KINGSTON k 32 Rhinecliff e Matthewis Persen House/ Adirondack Park e 9G r Great 9 Sacandaga The Hudson River Valley National Heritage Area is a federally funded program created Uptown Stockade District C Schuylerville 30 Lake r 87 by Congress in 1996. The mission of the Heritage Area is to recognize, preserve, protect,

e Victory 29 ill Hudson River 29 K g tten and interpret the nationally significant cultural and natural resources of the Hudson SARATOGA Ba 9 n Maritime Museum i SPRINGS 22 River Valley for the benefit of the nation. The Heritage Area and the National Park p 4 Service funded the production of this map and guide. Please send your comments or 209 p 32 a e k Cambridge map revisions to Hudson River Valley Greenway, 625 Broadway, 4th Floor, Albany, NY Staatsburg W a L a 12233-2995; call 518-473-3835; or email [email protected]. L 9W Waterford g o Neversink t o r Amenia a

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e Reservoir Falls o The Papscanee Island Nature Preserve, N 67 v Consulate General of the Netherlands Round 44 Lake il named for 17th-century Mohican sachem e Top Cottage/7 4 a r r s in New York. Mechanicville Papsickene, was the site of a Mohican 7 N O T o l i Val-Kill NHS r d n t 9 2 Millbrook h n village dating back thousands of years. k Historic HYDEPARK w a C a i h y a This 156-acre nature preserve offers access R Kerhonkson ch m Huguenot 2 p i a l to two miles of the Hudson River shoreline. v 5 Home of FDR/ l a i a n e M 7

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C East k l o l Nassau o i h 30 k 20 r R N Wappingers Fish Rensselaerville e 85 9 d in New Milford K Falls Dormansville U N111 02 Hudson River Valley Arts Inset map 87 Wurtsboro Fourth proof9D 52 Pawling PITTSFIELD Black Cyan Magenta Yellow Old Chatham G r 20 The Martin Van Buren National Historic e Orange NEW YORK Luykas H iv Van Alen 295 Site honors the 8th President of the United R 32 o Lake 32 House u States; born and raised in Kinderhook. N ll Fishkill Cats Kinderhook i 23 kill s 90 k 84 C 203 l Durham r 66 I C Van Buren named it Lindenwald in 1839 l Schoharie ee a a 145 k t 17 W Reservoir o during his presidency, then lived here until Montgomery Lenox A th COXSACKIE Martin Chathamn BEACON Grand Gorge Long Pa Squantz i his death in 1862. Ninham Mountain Van Buren7 c N r 9 Basher NEWBURGH Pond NHS202 e Bronck R 22 Fire Tower 90 In 1663, Swedish farmer Pieter Bronck v Museum 203 i W Kill i v 7 er In Albany, Ten Broeck Mansion (pictured built a farm near present-day Coxsackie. R Prattsville Windham 52 23 Austerlitz Hudson River 9W 66 above), Crailo State Historic Site, and Over 350 years later, the Bronck Museum n Lake Stockbridge A 9D Cairo 9H Brookfield o Sloop Clearwater Schuyler Mansion State Historic Site maintains several farmstead buildings,

s Lake Candlewood New 296 preserve examples of the Dutch colonial including the family’s original 1663 house, d 30 22 22 23A Carmel 23 Windsor u lifestyle, and honor three of the most believed to be the oldest surviving dwelling H S MASS. 84 H 84 HUDSON 217 influential families in the city’s history. in Upstate New York. Hudson N 32 301 I Catskill Great S Middletown Hunter Barrington r Highlands A TACO The New York State Museum hosts an Clermont State Historic Site was the e 301 23A 23 Hillsdale exhibit on the culture of the Haudenos- v Clarence T Hudson River seat of New York’s politically i State Park Carmel r 25 57 97 Tannersville Palenville e 23 6 Washingtonville 42 N iv aunee Indians, as well as a Mohican and socially prominent Livingston Family. 209 R R L Storm King Cold Spring Fahenstock n 84 k U o display and an exhibit on the city’s trading Seven successive generations of the family o n 28 s n n i d Taconic i Mountain Margaretville State Park Eastu Branch post origins. left their imprint on the site’s architecture, g a O H 82 s t Fleischmans 9 Park r P n 214 room interiors and landscape, all of which e State Park M 9WReservoirGermantown 30 Brewster DANBURY Copake Falls v a u 32 87 may be visited. k y e t o ee 9G Lake 84 h Mountainville r a N Goshen C w s Taghkanic M Garrison k r u a 7 p Park k 32 P

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94 a E Clermont SHS Port Jervis u 212 t S Mid-Hudson Valley L Tivoli Betheln Kill Taconic m c se s i an e Mahopac 212 n J Park o n d 9W L c n Woodstock a f 6 T if u n Catskill 684 el Chester h I Bearsville Ro Canaan c a S 9W Annandale- 22 44 6 l K on-Hudson 82 17 h S Park Taconic g 202 28 i 32 Red Park T 44 Monroe Old Dutch Church Hook 199 H 199 Pine A Plains 6 28A 22 199 Millerton n C Ashokan o 202 Reservoir RHINEBECK 94 s Yorktown Senate House/ KINGSTON k Rhinecliff Ridgefielde 35Matthewis Persen House/ e d Peekskill 9G r Uptown Stockade District C President Franklin Roosevelt was proud of Bear u 35 r Hudson River e g his family’s Dutch roots, and incorporated 9 n H Mountain Maritime Museum i p 209 p 7 this heritage into his Hyde Park estate. The Staatsburg a s State Park W Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Neversink L Katonah 9W d o Amenia Newn Vanderbilt Historic Site includes FDR’s lifelong home n Reservoir g Mansion NHS 82 Cornwall a Lake P Rondout Croton a High Bridge Springwood, his personal retreat Top N l 17A t h 22 e Reservoir Falls The City of Kingston is on land originally h Warwick Tiorati 9 v Res. 44 il Cottage, and Eleanor Roosevelt’s cabin e Top Cottage/ a r r g s y T farmed by the Esopus tribe. In 1652, Dutch i in a Val-Kill NHS Millbrook n Val-Kill. l Stony k Historic HYDEPARKPound ia i Harriman R Kerhonkson w Mount ch colonists founded the village of Wiltwijck. H P Huguenot a iv k Home of FDR/ la e a r Sterling a Point r Kisco Ridge p Visit the Senate House Museum, the r Street a FDR Library Historic Huguenot Street, in New Paltz, l p T State Park S y 44 i Dover NEW PALTZ a A s P

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