Ganna Walska Lotusland Registration Form
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~41~- NEWSLETTER FOR MEMBERS • VOLUME 10 NO. 2 • SUMMER 200 1 CL)cadDiarLJ IN SEARCHOF CERATOZAMIA5 BLJV IRGINIAHAVl:S a rtdJ l:FFCl-11:Mf\l lCK A LANDMARKPARTNERSHIP convened this January when Ga1ma Walska Lotusland, the Montgomery Botanical Center in Miami, Florida, and Mexico's Institute of Ecology in Xalapa, Veracruz, mounted a joint expedition into the wilds of Mexico to collect cycads . The team consisted of Dr. Terrence Walters, Executive Director, and Dr. Tim Gregory, Trustee, from Montgomery Botanical Center; Dr. Andrew P. Vovides, Director of Jardin Botanico Clavijero in Xalapa and several of hjs staff; and Curator Virginia Hayes and cycad expert Jeff Chemnick from Lotusland . For only the second time since 1977, when Mexico joined the sig natories of CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), Mexican researchers paired up with their American colleagues to assess the status and distribution of Theseresidents of rhevillage of Tampemochein San LuisPorosi sra11d proudly by a plant of many of Mexico's native cycads and Ceratozamia hildae they had transplantedfrom its nearbyhabitat imo theirgarden . make collections for the rare plants' study and protection. The initial IN THIS ISSUE intent was to visit and collect from as CLJCadDiarLJ Lotuslandand the 20s: 12 many cycad localities as possible In Searchof Ceratowmios TheGavit Era with in a two-week period . Mexican -4 New to the Collections authorities finally issued the collecting CLJcadConsciousness 14 permits after numerous applications The Lotus SocietLJ 5 Do You Love WaterGarden s? 1-4 and many lengthy delays . In fact, the Enhancing and Preserving Cometo LotusFest! a UniqueBotanical Trea sure trip has been postponed several times DesigningMen . .. 15 over the last four years while Terrence Saveth e Date 5 And One DesigningWoman steered the application process LotuslandCelebrates the 20s Illustrated Lecturewith Maggie Lamb through a gauntlet of seemingly end Sharing the Garden G Springtime in the Napaand 15 less administrative obstacles. At long An Historical Perspective SonomaValleLJS Garden Tour last, we were able to schedule our of Docentsat Lotusland HorticulturalHapp enings 16 trip to Mexico from January 9th to ProspectiveDo cent Reception 9 A New Horticultural Lab 17 the 24th this year. & Docent Trainingfor Fall 2001 Is Funded bLJthe StanleLJSmith Coniinuedon page2 Members'FamilLJ Dall 2001 10 HorticulturalTrust Continuedfrom page 1 THE LOTUSIAND NEWSLETTERFOR MEMBERS is published by From a background of resources Ganna Walska Lotusland Foundation and experience 1 a world-class team of 695 Ashley Road cycad field workers was assembled. Santa Barbara, California 93108 (805) 969-3767 Montgomery Botanical Center acquires www.lotusland.org and maintains collections of cycads Boardof Trustees and palms of the world exclusively for Robert J. Emmons, President botanical research. Their collections Anne W. Jones, Vice-President are based on population samples of Pamela B. Pesenti, Vice-President sufficient size to approach the full Arthur R. Gaudi. Secretarv April N. Walstad, Treasur~r extent of genetic diversity for a par 1 Merrvl Brown ticular species. Lotusland s cycad col Elizabe'th W Dake lection is extensive and well-known 1 William W. Drewry and our mission is to maintain and W. Mason Farrell HanyW. Kolb augment the collection for display 1 Stanva Owen education 1 and research. The Institute Mich;el T owbes of Ecology in Xalapa awards degrees Carol L. Valentine in the biological sciences and main Steven Timbrook, Ph.D. tains the Francisco Clavijero Botanic ExecutiveDirector Garden which holds the Mexican 1 Miguel Angel Farrera(wife Claudiais in Connie Buxton National Cycad Collection. Jeff and EducationCoordinator the background)holds a youngplant and Tim have been actively working on matureleaf of a Ceratozamia specieshe Anne Dewey, CFRE Directorof Development the Mexican cycads for a number of is in the processof describingand naming. years and have published descriptions Marguerite Garno Administrativeand VisitorServices of several new species with several Ongoing habitat destruction is ram Virginia Hayes more in preparation. pant in Mexico 1 as it is in many parts Curatorof theLiving Collection The trip had several goals. Fore of the world. The ever-increasint Mike Iven most1 it was important to visit as pressure by a growing human GroundsSuperintendent many populations of cycads as possi population for food and housing is ble and to assess their current status contributing to the deforestation. Amanda Jones 1 Editor Lindse Davis1 Design and distribution. Many of these pop Impact on wild cycads also comes Pdntedby Ventura Printing ulations have never been cataloged from collectors eager to own large1 Printed on recycled and recyclable paper or have been appraised only by their rare specimens. The value and popu original discoverers many years ago. larity of cycads has increased greatly µ.;;::2 b ~ µ.;; zu ~ ~ VirginiaHayes holdinga plant of an as-yet Only remnantsof the originalforest remain at Cerrode! Vigio1 Veracruz1 whichin this case undescribedspecies of Ceratozamia. has been clearedfor grazing livestock. the trip was to collect plants and/or seeds from the wild and conserve them in the relative safety of these recognized institutions. The specimens can then be used by researchers studying the biology, taxonomy, and evolutionary relationships of cycads. To help reduce the pressure on wild cycad populations, the plants can be propagated and distributed to other scientific institutions and commercial growers as well. Finally, it was the goal of both Montgomery and Lotusland to foster a working relationship with one of the few institutions in Mexico where ! cycad research is taking place. Our ~ combined support of the Ecology ~ :.) Institute enabled six of their staff to ~ Jeff Chemnick /Jeers 1/irough che dense spend one to four days each collect TerrenceWla/ters /,olds a specimenof Zamia forestgrowth afier uncovering a Zamia ing plants and data for their own furfuraceadug f,-omthe sand dunesat loddigesii. research as well as contributing to BuenaVista, Veracruz. our efforts in the field. Funding for in recent years and a single plant such trips is difficult to obtain in research is an attempt to understand might be worth the equivalent of a developing countries and it was our the distribution, taxonomy, and month's wages in the cane fields of pleasure to assist the Institute and speciation processes of the Mexican f its native country to the person who their scientists in this collaboration. cycads. They have followed dues for harvests it for sale. It is a daunting task In order to put together the the existence of new species into the to convince governments and local itinerary for this and future trips, dim backrooms of museums around peoples throughout the world to Jeff and Tiro researched historical the world, sifting through the her preserve and protect their botanical data and searched exhaustively to barium vouchers of long-forgotten treasures for generations to come. find undocumented new localities collections. The memoirs of venera Mexico is aware of this problem and of cycad populations, some of which ble travelers and explorers have been was one of the earliest countries to contain undescribed species. Their a good source of information, but ratify the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity that came out of the Earth Summit held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. (Although 180 coun tries have now ratified this treaty, the United States has not done so.) The ultimate goal of plant con servation is to preserve a sustainable sample of the genetic diversity of a given population in its native site. Since this is often extremely difficult, it is vital to support an off-site (ex situ) locality to ensure the biodiversity of a region's plants. Botanical gardens like Lotusland and the Xalapa garden and research facilities such as Mont gomery are the best custodians for this purpose. Such collections are currently very rare anywhere in the world. Ceratozamia whitelockiana shownhere was describetfby Tim Gregorvand Jeff Chemnick Therefore, another important goal of to honorLora11 Whitelock, from whom Madame purchasedmany of her cycadsin 1'1e1970s. often the most productive method of finding new cycad popu lations is to engage the cooperation of residents living in or near a likely habitat in the search. Through conversation and by showing leaf samples from other plants, locations of nearby cycad populations can often be obtained . Local churches in Mexico are also a good source of information since dried cycad leaves are very popular ornaments, especially around Easter. Due to the logistical difficulties of trying to visit a large number of species in the three different genera that are widely distributed through out Mexico, the trip focused on the genus Ceratozamia1 which has less than 20 currently named species. To assess the current taxonomic and biogeo Our rentalvan was loadedto the roofwith cycadsand collectingequipme11t. Some 11wavers11 graphic status for each population (cycadleaves kept to show localvillagers in our searchfor locations)lean against t!te bumper. visited, the team collected plants, leaf samples, and geographical data In all, the team visited about 20 Chiapas . Miguel Angel, who is a at each locality. The permit allowed sites in the Mexican states of Vera doctoral student there, has described each of the participating institutions Cruz, Tamaulipas, Hidalgo, San Luis several new species