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Sobre Os Nomes Populares Conferidos Às Espécies Sul-Americanas De Tapirus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae)

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Sobre Os Nomes Populares Conferidos Às Espécies Sul-Americanas De Tapirus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) Sobre os nomes populares conferidos às espécies sul-americanas de Tapirus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Tapiridae) Nelson Papavero¹² ¹ Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil. E‑mail: [email protected] ² Pesquisador Senior do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Abstract. A wealth of names has been applied to the South American species of Tapirus: acuraua, acuré, açurê, amta, ánta, antá, anta‑batupeva, anta‑batuvira, anta‑caá‑pororoca, anta‑chure, anta‑churé, anta‑cinzenta, anta‑commum, antacuré, anta‑das‑ordinarias, anta‑do‑matto, anta‑gameleira, anta‑gamelleira, anta‑grande, anta‑mirim, anta‑nambi‑tinga, anta‑ negra, anta‑pequena, anta‑pororoca, anta‑preta, anta‑rosia, anta‑rosilha, anta‑sapateira, anta‑sapatera, anta‑verdadeira, antaxuré, anta‑xuré, anta‑xurê, ante, antes, apiroupsou, apyropsou, assobio, batovi, batuvi, batuvira, boi‑sylvestre, boy‑do‑ matto, boy‑silvestre, caapoára, caápoára, caâpoára, caapora, caapóra, caá‑pora, çaba‑tyra, cambassica, capoava, capororoca, cauara‑tapyira, curé, dant, danta, dante, ent, grã‑besta, grambesta, grande‑besta, grão‑besta, icuré, icurê, içuré, icurí, icútê, iguré, ituré, kaiwara, mbore, mborebi, mborebí, mbórebi, mborepi, mborevi, mboreví, mboreví‑hovíh, mboreví‑jovî, morebí, öaçurê, paraná‑tapi’ira, pororoca, sapateira, taparuçu, taperuçu, taperuçú, tapie, tapié, tapiera, tapiéra‑caiuara, tapierete, tapiereté, tapihire, tapihiri, tapii, tapií, tapiì, tapiî, tapîi, tapi’i, tapi’í, tapí’í, tapiiára, tapiierete, tapiiereté, tapiieretê, tapiier‑ eté, tapi‑iete, tapiir, tapiira, tapiíra, tapiïra, tapiìra, tapîíra, tapi’ira, tapii‑r‑a, tapiira‑caapoara, tapïíra‑cäápora, tapiira‑caiuára, tapiira‑caiwara, tapiira‑ete, tapi’ira‑ka’apura, tapiirete, tapiireté, tapiirété, tapiiretê, tapiire’te, tapiiruçu, tapiirussu, tapi’irusu, tapi’í‑rusú, tapijerete, tapïjra, tapijrete, tapikira, tapikra, tapir, tapira, tapïra, tapĩra, tapira‑caaiúra, tapira‑caapora, tapira‑ caapóra, tapiraçu, tapira‑etê, tapir‑americano, tapirapoã, tapira‑sobaiguara, tapirassou, tapirassu, tapirassú, tapiratí, tapira‑ uborim, tapirete, tapireté, tapiretê, tapiretê, tapirêtê, tapí‑reté, tapirierete, tapiro, tapirosú, tapirousou, tapiroussu, tapiroussú, tapirovssov, tapiruçu, tapiruçú, tapirussú, tapiruzú, tapiryra‑caapóra, tapir‑xuré, tapiy, tapiye‑ete, tapiyr, tapiyra, tapiýra, tapiyra‑caapora, tapiŷra‑caapóra, tapiyra‑cauara, tapiyra‑ete, tapiyre‑ete, tapiyre‑été, tapiyré‑été, tapiyreté, tappire, tapura, tapüra, tapyi, tapyira, tapyîra, tapyira‑caapoara, tapyîra‑caápoára, tapyira‑caapora, tapyirá‑caapóra, tapyíra‑caapóra, tapyira‑ cäá‑pora, tapyira‑cäó‑pora, tapyira‑eté, tapyíra‑eté, tapyire‑eté, tapyr, tapyra, tapy’ra, tapyra‑assu, tapyra‑caapora, tapy’ra‑ caapóra, tapyra‑caiuara, tapyra‑caiura, tapyra‑capora, tapyra‑sabetyra, tapy’ra‑oçu, tapyra‑sabetyra, tapyre‑eté, tapyrete, tapyreté, tapyretê, tapyyre‑été, topiraffore, uaca‑do‑mato, vaca‑do‑mato, xuré, xurê. Certain North African antelopes were called oryx by Greek and Roman authors. Arab authors knew them as Lamt (or lamta, elamt, lant, dant) and used their hide to make shields (daraqqa-lamṭiyya). With the Arab invasion of the Iberian Peninsula, daraqqa-lamṭiyya was transformed into adarga-danta and under this form was cited by numerous Spanish and Portuguese authors. Consequently, the African Oryx was called anta by Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) and danta by an anonymous autor (MS Valentim Fernandes, 1507) and Duarte Lopes (in Pigafetta & Lopes, 1589). Antonio Pigafetta (in Anôn., ca. 1526) referred under the name anta the strange animal that the Tupi Indians of Brazil called tapir. Both tapir and anta (with many variations and with the addition of several qualifications) were used by subsequent authors. Finally, in Brazil, the improper usage of anta to denote the species of Tapirus supplanted that of tapir. A further confusion was added when a few authors confounded the South American antas with the Old World elk and called the first grã-bestas (with variations). Key-Words. South American Tapirus; Popular names; Oryx; Lamt; Anta; Tapir; Grã-Besta; History of popular names. Resumo. Muitos nomes foram aplicados às espécies sul‑americanas de Tapirus: acuraua, acuré, açurê, amta, ánta, antá, anta‑batupeva, anta‑batuvira, anta‑caá‑pororoca, anta‑chure, anta‑churé, anta‑cinzenta, anta‑commum, antacuré, anta‑ das‑ordinarias, anta‑do‑matto, anta‑gameleira, anta‑gamelleira, anta‑grande, anta‑mirim, anta‑nambi‑tinga, anta‑negra, anta‑pequena, anta‑pororoca, anta‑preta, anta‑rosia, anta‑rosilha, anta‑sapateira, anta‑sapatera, anta‑verdadeira, antaxuré, anta‑xuré, anta‑xurê, ante, antes, apiroupsou, apyropsou, assobio, batovi, batuvi, batuvira, boi‑sylvestre, boy‑do‑matto, boy‑ silvestre, caapoára, caápoára, caâpoára, caapora, caapóra, caá‑pora, çaba‑tyra, cambassica, capoava, capororoca, cauara‑ tapyira, curé, dant, danta, dante, ent, grã‑besta, grambesta, grande‑besta, grão‑besta, icuré, icurê, içuré, icurí, icútê, iguré, ituré, kaiwara, mbore, mborebi, mborebí, mbórebi, mborepi, mborevi, mboreví, mboreví‑hovíh, mboreví‑jovî, morebí, öaçurê, paraná‑tapi’ira, pororoca, sapateira, taparuçu, taperuçu, taperuçú, tapie, tapié, tapiera, tapiéra‑caiuara, tapierete, tapiereté, Arq. Zool., 49(1), 2018 ISSN On‑Line: 2176‑7793 http://doi.org/10.11606/2176‑7793/2018.49.01 ISSN Printed: 0066‑7870 ISNI: 0000‑0004‑0384‑1825 www.revistas.usp.br/azmz www.mz.usp.br Edited by: Maria Isabel Landim • Received: 07/06/2018 • Accepted: 10/08/2018 • Published: 31/08/2018 Published with the financial support of the "Programa de Apoio às Publicações Científicas Periódicas da USP" Periódicas Científicas às Publicações de Apoio with the financial supportPublished of the "Programa de São Paulo da Universidade – Museu de Zoologia Seção de Publicações Arq. Zool., 49(1), 2018 Papavero, N.: Tapirus sul‑americanos, nomes populares 2 tapihire, tapihiri, tapii, tapií, tapiì, tapiî, tapîi, tapi’i, tapi’í, tapí’í, tapiiára, tapiierete, tapiiereté, tapiieretê, tapiier‑eté, tapi‑iete, tapiir, tapiira, tapiíra, tapiïra, tapiìra, tapîíra, tapi’ira, tapii‑r‑a, tapiira‑caapoara, tapïíra‑cäápora, tapiira‑caiuára, tapiira‑caiwara, tapiira‑ete, tapi’ira‑ka’apura, tapiirete, tapiireté, tapiirété, tapiiretê, tapiire’te, tapiiruçu, tapiirussu, tapi’irusu, tapi’í‑rusú, tapijerete, tapïjra, tapijrete, tapikira, tapikra, tapir, tapira, tapïra, tapĩra, tapira‑caaiúra, tapira‑caapora, tapira‑caapóra, tapiraçu, tapira‑etê, tapir‑americano, tapirapoã, tapira‑sobaiguara, tapirassou, tapirassu, tapirassú, tapiratí, tapira‑uborim, tapirete, tapireté, tapiretê, tapiretê, tapirêtê, tapí‑reté, tapirierete, tapiro, tapirosú, tapirousou, tapiroussu, tapiroussú, tapirovssov, tapiruçu, tapiruçú, tapirussú, tapiruzú, tapiryra‑caapóra, tapir‑xuré, tapiy, tapiye‑ete, tapiyr, tapiyra, tapiýra, tapiyra‑caapora, tapiŷra‑caapóra, tapiyra‑cauara, tapiyra‑ete, tapiyre‑ete, tapiyre‑été, tapiyré‑été, tapiyreté, tappire, tapura, tapüra, tapyi, tapyira, tapyîra, tapyira‑caapoara, tapyîra‑caápoára, tapyira‑caapora, tapyirá‑caapóra, tapyíra‑caapóra, tapyira‑cäá‑pora, tapyira‑ cäó‑pora, tapyira‑eté, tapyíra‑eté, tapyire‑eté, tapyr, tapyra, tapy’ra, tapyra‑assu, tapyra‑caapora, tapy’ra‑caapóra, tapyra‑caiuara, tapyra‑caiura, tapyra‑capora, tapyra‑sabetyra, tapy’ra‑oçu, tapyra‑sabetyra, tapyre‑eté, tapyrete, tapyreté, tapyretê, tapyyre‑été, topiraffore, uaca‑do‑mato, vaca‑do‑mato, xuré, xurê. Certos antílopes norte‑africanos foram chamados oryx por autores gregos e romanos. Os autores árabes conheciam‑ nos como Lamt (ou lamta, elamt, lant, dant) e usavam sua pele na confecção de escudos (daraqqa-lamṭiyya). Com a invasão muçulmana da Península Ibérica, daraqqa-lamṭiyya tranformou‑se em adarga-danta e sob esta forma foi citada por numerosos autores espanhóis e portugueses. Consequentemente, os Oryx africanos foram chamados anta por Gomes Eanes de Zurara (1453) e danta por um autor anônimo (MS Valentim Fernandes, 1507) e Duarte Lopes (in Pigafetta & Lopes, 1589). Antonio Pigafetta (in Anôn., ca. 1526) referiu‑se, sob o nome anta, ao estranho animal que os índios de língua Tupi do Brasil denominavam tapir. Tapir e anta (com muitas variantes e com a adição de vários qualificativos) foram usados por autores subsequentes. Finalmente, no Brasil, o uso impróprio de anta para designar as espécies de Tapirus suplantou a de tapir. Uma confusão adicional foi acrescentada por alguns autores, que confundiram as antas sul‑americanas com o alce do Velho Mundo, chamando as primeiras de grã-bestas (e variantes). Palavras-Chave. Tapirus; América do Sul; Nomes populares; Oryx; Lamt; Anta; Tapir; Grã-Besta; História dos nomes populares. SUMÁRIO 1. AS ESPÉCIES DE ORYX E O ADDAX NO NORTE E NORDESTE DA ÁFRICA . 4 2. CITAÇÕES DO ORYX POR GREGOS E ROMANOS . 5 2 .1 . Heródoto (ca. 484‑428 aC) . 5 2 .2 . Aristóteles (384‑322) . 5 2 .3 . Plínio, o Velho (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (23‑79) . 6 2 .4 . Columella (?‑60/70) . 7 2 .5 . Marcial (Marcus Valerius Martialis) (entre 38 e 41 – entre 102 e 104) . 8 2 .6 . Juvenal (Decimus Iunius Iuvenalis) (entre 55 e 60 – depois de 127) . 8 2 .7 . Oppianus de Apamea (século II) . 8 2 .8 . Aelianus (ca. 175‑ca. 125), (XIII, 23) (Scholfield, 1959: 124, 126 e 127) . .10 OU LAMTA, ELAMT, LANT, DANT) (ORYX DAMMAH) E O DARAQQA-LAMṬIYYA DOS) (اهملا) O LAMṬ .3 AUTORES ÁRABES . 10 3 .1 . Ahmad ibn Abu Ya’qub ibn Ja’far ibn Wahb ibn Wadih al‑Ya’qubi . .11 3 .4 . Abū ‘Ubayd ‘Abd Allāh ibn ‘Abd al‑‘Azīz ibn Muḥammad ibn Ayyūb ibn ‘Amr al‑Bakrī, or simply Al‑Bakri . .12 3 .5 . Mohammed
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