70-26,360

SCHULTZ, William Thomas, 1942- THE EUMOLPINAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH REVISIONS OF SELECTED GENERA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE).

The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1970 Entomology

University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THE EUMOLPINAE OF AMERICA NORTH OF MEXICO WITH REVISIONS

OF SELECTED GENERA (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

DISSERTATION

Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University

By

William Thomas Schultzs B.A.

******

The Ohio State University

1970

Approved by

i?i_ a Adviser Department of Zoology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I wish to thank the following individuals and institutions for loaning the specimens used in this study. Dr. R. T. Thompson

(British Museum of Natural History), Dr. John F. Lawrence (Museum of Comparative Zoology), Dr. Lee Herman (American Museum of

Natural History), Dr. N. Jago (Academy of Natural Sciences,

Philadelphia), Dr. Richard E. White (United States National Museum),

Dr. L. L. Pechuman (Cornell University), Mile. Berti (Paris

Museum), Dr. E. C. Becker (Canadian National Collection), Dr.

Hugh B. Leech (California Academy of Sciences), Dr. Richard A.

Alexander (University of Michigan), Dr. George Wallace (Carnegie

Museum), Dr. Milton Sanderson (Illinois Natural History Survey),

Dr. John A. Chemsak (University of California at Berkeley), Mr. Saul

Frommer (University of California at Riverside), Dr. Horace Burke

(Texas A. and M. University), Dr. Robert 0. Schuster (University of California at Davis), Dr. Frank E. Hasbrouck (Arizona State

University), Dr. Floyd G. Werner (University of Arizona).

Dr. Richard Larsson of the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen was very helpful in comparing specimens with Fabrician types.

Dr. Charles Triplehorn not only loaned specimens from The

Ohio State University Collection of Insects, but also was very helpful in offering suggestions for solving some of the day-to- day problems that plague a taxonomist. ii Dr. Donald Borror is thanked for his help in reading and correcting the manuscript.

John Wilcox's wealth of information about the Chrysomelidae, which was freely shared, is greatly appreciated.

Help from office mates Eric Smith and Dr. Robert W. Hamilton, who traveled this route ahead of me and pointed out some of the pitfalls, is here acknowledged.

Jean Mims did a wonderful job in typing the final manuscript.

My adviser, Dr. Barry Valentine, is sincerely thanked for his help in unraveling taxonomic mysteries, finding literature, and comparing specimens with types in European museums; for his patience in carefully reading and correcting this manuscript; and for his faith in me and in this work.

Finally I wish to thank my wife, Margaret, for her aid in typing, mapping, recording data, and all the other busy work items which she cheerfully accomplished; and for her encouragement and companionship throughout the completion of this work.

iii VITA

August 7, 1942 ...... Born, Cleveland, Ohio.

June, 1960 ...... Graduated, Parma Senior High School, Parma, Ohio

June, 1964 ...... B.A., Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois.

1964-1966 . . Research Assistant, Cereal Leaf Beetle Project. Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.

1966-1968 ...... Teaching Assistant. Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

March 18, 1967 ...... Married Margaret Cutler

1968-1970 ...... Teaching Associate. Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio

MAJOR FIELD

Entomology

iv TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... ii

V I T A ...... iv

LIST OF FIGURES ...... vii

LIST OF M A P S ...... xi

INTRODUCTION ...... 1

METHODS AND MATERIALS ...... 5

BIOLOGY ...... 10

MORPHOLOGY ...... 13

CHECKLIST OF S P E C I E S ...... 20

KEY TO THE UNITED STATES GENERA OF EUMOLPINAE...... 26

SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT

Spintherophy ta ...... 32

N o d o n o t a ...... 50

Metaparia ...... 95

M e t a c h r o m a...... 114

P a r l a ...... 116

Typophorus...... 118

Eumolpus ...... 119

Chrysochus...... 120

C o l a s p i s ...... 137

Rhabdopterus...... 140

v TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)

Page

Euphry tu s ...... 168

Metaxyonycha ...... 179

T y m n e s ...... 188

G r a p h o p s ...... 205

C o l a s p l d e a ...... 207

X a n t h o n l a ...... 224

B r o m i u s ...... 225

F i d i a ...... 236

Glyptoscelis ...... 261

M y o c h r o u s ...... 263

FIGURES ...... 264

MAPS ...... 284

REFERENCES...... 328

vi LIST OF FIGURES

N o . Page

1. Splntherophyta violaceipennis (Horn). Face, frontal view. 6 0 X ...... 265

2. j5. arizonensis n. sp. Face, frontal view. Para type. 6 0 X ...... 265

3. Metaparia viridimicans (Horn). Face, lateral view. 60X. 265

4. M. mandibuloflexa n. sp. Face, frontal view. Paratype. 6OX...... 265

5. M. prosopis n. sp. Face, frontal view. Type. 60X. . . 265

6. Same. Lateral view. Type. 60X ...... 265

7. Tymnes tricolor (Fabricius). Head and prothorax, lateral view. 60X...... 265

8. Nodonota clypealis Horn. Face, frontal view. 60X . . . 265

9. Metachroma suturalis LeConte. Mesotibia. 45X...... 267

10. Rhabdopterus deceptor Barber. Metatibia. 45X...... 267

11. R.. picipes (Olivier). Metatibia. 45X...... 267

12. R. praetextus (Say). Metatibia. 45X...... 267

13. Euphrytus snowi Schaeffer. Metafemur. 20X...... 267

14. Rhabdopterus praetextus (Say). Antenna. 20X 267

15. Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius). A - Maxilla. B - Labrum. C - Labium. 50X ...... 267

16. Nodonota clypealis Horn. Antenna. 28X 267

17. Fidia murina Crotch. Metatarsus. 60X...... 267

18. Metaparia opacicollis (Horn). Male, protarsus. 60X . . 267

- - - . . . . . v.ii ...... LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

No. Page

19. Metaparia opacicollis (Horn). Female, protarsus. 60X . 267

20. Chrysochus cobaltinus LeConte. Metathoracic wing. 10X. 269

21. Nodonota margaretae n. sp. Head and pronotum. 25X. . . 269

22. N_. puncticollis (Say). Head and pronotum. 25X. .... 269

23. 1J. basalis (Jacoby). Prosternum. 2 5 X ...... 269

24. Metaparia prosopis n. sp. Prosternum. 2 5 X ...... 269

25. Rhabdopterus deceptor Barber. Pro- and mesosterna. 25X 269

26. Euphrytus snowi Schaeffer. Pro-and mesosterna. 25X . . 269

27. Colaspis flavida Say. Pro- and mesosterna. 25X . . . 269

28. Spintherophyta arizonensis n. sp. Aedeagus. Paratype. 60X...... 271

29. S_. violaceipennis (Horn). Aedeagus. 60X...... 271

30. S. globosa (Olivier). Aedeagus. 60X...... 271

31. S^. exigua n. sp. Aedeagus. 60X...... 271

32. Nodonota clypealis Horn. Aedeagus. 60X ...... 271

33. N. puncticollis (Say). Aedeagus. 60X ...... 271

34. N. basalis (Jacoby). Aedeagus. 60X...... 271

35. N. tristis (Olivier). Aedeagus. 60X...... 271

36. N. convexa (Say). Aedeagus. 60X...... 271

37. N. margaretae n. sp. Aedeagus. 6 0 X ...... 273

38. N. rotundicollis Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 60X...... 273

39. N. texana Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 6 0 X ...... 273

40. Metaparia mandibuloflexa n. sp. Aedeagus. Type. 60X . 273

...... „ viii .... LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

No. Page

41. M. clytroides Crotch. Aedeagus. 60X...... 273

42. M. opacicollis (Horn). Aedeagus. 60X ...... 273

43. M. prosopis n. sp. Aedeagus. 6 0 X ...... 273

44. M. viridimicans (Horn). Aedeagus. 60X...... 273

45. Metachroma suturalls LeConte. Aedeagus. 60X...... 273

Paria thoracica (Melsheimer). Aedeagus. 60X...... 273

47. Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus (Crotch). Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 275

48. Eumolpus surinamensis (Fabricius). Aedeagus. 20X . . . 275

49. Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius). Aedeagus. 45X...... 275

50. C. cobaltinus LeConte. Aedeagus. 45X ...... 275

51. Colaspis arizonica Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 45X...... 275

52. Rhabdopterus blatchleyi Bowditch. Aedeagus. 45X. . . . 275

53. R. bowditchi Barber. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 277

54. R. picipes (Olivier). Aedeagus. 45X...... 277

55. R. angustipenis n. sp. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 277

56. R. praetextus (Say). Aedeagus. 45X...... 277

57. Same. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 277

58. R. bottimeri Barber. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 277

59. R. deceptor Barber. Aedeagus. 45X...... 277

60. Euphrytus intermedius Jacoby. Aedeagus. Lectotype. 45X...... 279

61. E.. parvicollis Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 45X...... 279

62. 15. snowi Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 45X...... 279

...... ^ . ix ... LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)

No. Page

63. Metaxyonycha- arizonae (Crotch). Aedeagus. 20X...... 279

64. M. flohri (Jacoby). Aedeagus. Lectotype. 20X...... 279

Tymnes tricolor (Fabricius). Aedeagus. 45X ...... 279

66. T. violaceus Horn. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 279

67. T. metasternalis (Crotch). Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 281

68. T_. oregonensis (Crotch). Aedeagus. 45X ...... 281

69. Graphops pubescens (Melsheimer). Aedeagus. 60X .... 281

70. Colaspidea pallipes Fall. Aedeagus. 45X...... 281

71. £. smaragdula (LeConte). Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 281

72. Same. Aedeagus, dorsal view only. 45X...... 281

73. Same. Aedeagus, dorsal view only. 45X...... 281

74. Xanthonia vagans (LeConte). Aedeagus. 60X...... 281

75* Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus). Aedeagus. 45X ...... 281

76. Fidia cana Horn. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 281

77. JF. humeralis Lefevre. Aedeagus. 45X...... 283

78. JF. longipes (Melsheimer). Aedeagus. 45X...... 283

79. JF. viticida Walsh. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 283

80. JF. murina Crotch. Aedeagus. Lectotype. 45X...... 283

81. ]?. clematis Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 4 5 X ...... 283

82. Glyptoscelis barbata (Say). Aedeagus. 45X...... 283

83. Myochrous floridanus texanus Blake. Aedeagus. 60X. . . 283

x LIST OF MAPS

No. Page

I. Distribution of Spintherophyta arizonensis n. sp. . . . 284

II. " " S_. violaceipennis (Horn) ...... 285

III. JL* globosa (Olivier) ...... 286

IV. S. exigua n. sp...... 287

V. Nodonota clypealis Horn ...... 288

VI. N. puncticollis (Say) . . , 289

VII. N. basalis (Jacoby) . . . , 290

VIII. N. tristis (Olivier) . . , 291

IX. II. convexa ( S a y ) ...... 292

X. N. margaretae n. sp. . . . 293

XI. N. rotundicollis Schaeffer 294

XII. N. texana Schaeffer 295

XIII. Metaparia mandibuloflexa n. sp, 296

XIV. M. clytroides Crotch .... 297

XV. M. opacicollis (Horn) .... 298

XVI. M. prosopis n. sp...... 299

XVII. M. viridimicans (Horn) . . . 300

XVIII. Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius) 301

XIX. C. cobaltinus LeConte 302

XX. Rhabdopterus blatchleyi Bowditch 303

XXI. R. bowditchi Barber 304

XXII. R. picipes (Olivier) 305

XI LIST OF MAPS (Cont.)

No. Page

XXIII. Distribution of Rhabdopterus angustipenis n. sp. . . . 306

XXIV. " " R. praetextus ( S a y ) ...... 307

XXV. " " R. bottimeri B a r b e r ...... 308

XXVI. " " R. deceptor B a r b e r ...... 309

XXVII. " " Euphrytus intermedius Jacoby ...... 310

XXVIII. " " E. parvicollis Schaeffer ...... 311

XXIX. " 11 Ei. snowi Schae f f e r...... 312

XXX. " " Metaxyonycha arizonae (Crotch)...... 313

XXXI. " " M. flohri ( J acoby)...... 314

XXXII. " " Tyranes tricolor (Fabricius) ...... 315

XXXIII. " " T. violaceus H o r n ...... 316

XXXIV. " " _T. metasternalis (Crotch) ...... 317

XXXV. " 11 T. oregonensis ( C r o t c h ) ...... 318

XXXVI. 11 " Colaspidea pallipes Fall ...... 319

XXXVII. " " C. smaragdula (LeConte) . . '...... 320

XXXVIII. " " Broroius obscurus (Linnaeus) ...... 321

XXXIX. 11 " Fidia can a H o r n ...... 322

XL. " 11 F_. humeralis Lefevre ...... 323

XLI. " 11 I?. longipes (Melsheimer)...... 324

XLII. 11 " E\ viticida W a l s h ...... 325

XLIII. 11 " F. murina Crotch ...... 326

XLIV. " " F^. clematis S c h a e f f e r ...... 327

xii INTRODUCTION

The Eumclpinae represent a subfamily of the Chrysomelidae which

is world-wide in distribution. As in many chrysomelid groups their

greatest numbers are found in tropical and subtropical areas. The

Coleopterorum Catalogus (1914) lists 3199 species in 291 genera;

these figures have, no doubt, been greatly increased by subsequent

studies. In the United States there are now 162 species in 20

genera.

Euraolpine beetles were known to Linnaeus who named the first

species. Dejean (1837), although he did not subdivide the

Chrysomelines, placed most of the eumolpine genera together. The

idea of a subgroup of phytophagous beetles distinct from the Chrysome

lides was proposed by Lacordaire (1845). He suggested the Eumolpides a tribe based on the genus Eumolpus, and separated it from the

Chrysomelides, a tribe based on the genus Chrysomela, by its bilobed

third tarsal pads. J.S. Baly (1863) characterized the Eumolpidae

in detail and produced a brief classification. He divided the family

into three subfamilies and described many new genera and species.

The tribe Eumolpides was given its present limits by Chapuis

(1874). Chapuis defined the Chrysomelidae, or Phytophages as he

called them, and divided the family into Sections, Tribes, Groups,

and. Genera. He placed the Tribe Eumolpides in the Section Cycliques 2 and divided it into Groups (our tribes) whose basic form remains unchanged; however, these now appear artificial and need reworking.

Chapuis based his primary division on the form of the propleuron.

Crowson (1954) proposed a primary division based on the form of the seventh abdominal tergite. Both of these characters are explained in the morphology section.

Leftivre (1885), using Chapuis' tribal classification, pub­ lished a world catalogue of the Eumolpidae. He, Baly, and Chapuis were the prime contributors to the taxonomy of the Eumolpinae during the last half of the nineteenth century. Jacoby covered the species from Mexico to Panama in the Biologia Centrali-Americana

(1881, 1890) and of India and Burma in the Fauna of British India

(1908).

The great coleopterists, LeConte and Crotch, described many genera and species in the United States, but George Horn (1892) produced the only comprehensive work on the subfamily. His work has never been revised. More recently Mrs. Doris Blake and Mr. John

Wilcox have published excellent revisions of several eumolpine genera. The only other New World coleopterists currently working on the Eumolpinae are Jan Bechyne (South American fauna) and

Milton Sanderson (Colaspis of Illinois).

The Eumolpinae are fairly well known specifically, with most

United States species already described. The need now is for a synthesis of previous work; the genera must be firmly defined, the generic and specific relationships must be explored, and species must be accurately described. The present work is conceived as a 3 good alpha and beta taxonomy of many United States species, which it is hoped, will serve as a basis for further work on the Central and South American fauna where the majority of species are found.

I have described only a few new species, but I have found much confusion about the identity and generic placement of many of the old species.

Many potential research problems, both taxonomic and non- taxonomic, have appeared in the course of this work. I hope that a good alpha taxonomy of adults will spur research on the biology, phylogeny, evolution, and especially on the larvae of the Eumol­ pinae. This work is seen as a beginning; it only touches on biology and phylogeny and it does not cover larvae. Research can take many directions once the species are known and well described.

Most of this study is descriptive taxonomy, with emphasis on distribution, on male genitalia (for many species this character has not been used or figured before), on keys for separating genera and species, on generic type species, and on the taxonomic litera­ ture.

I- have-referred, and will continue to refer to the eumolpine group as a subfamily, even though others may consider it of a different rank. The purpose of this work will be served whether it is considered a tribe, subfamily, or family. In any case, its relationships to the groups within and around it will maintain their perspective.

Eleven of the 20 United States genera of Eumolpinae containing 4

44 species are completely revised in the present work. A short dis­ cussion, a reference to keys and revisions, and a checklist of species is included for the remaining genera. Two of these remaining nine genera are currently being revised by others, and four have been revised in the last twenty years. A key to all twenty genera is included, along with illustrations to clarify certain key characters.

The type species of all genera are given. In certain cases lecto-

types and neotypes are designated. METHODS AND MATERIALS

Over 20,000 specimens were borrowed from eighteen different museums and individuals during this study (see Acknowledgments).

These specimens were first given a colored tag to identify their

source, and then sorted to genus and species using available keys, plus my best judgment. While sorting specimens, old keys were modified and new keys were constructed.

Once the specimens were sorted to species, I recorded all the

label data from each one. These data are presented in abbreviated form (see below), and the complete records remain in my files.

The localities recorded from each species were plotted on a large

United States county outline map. Due to the page size requirements for this work, the scale on some of these maps had to be reduced.

A dot on the maps included here may represent two or more different

localities. The original maps remain in ray files. Dots on the maps represent only county or more specific data. State records only are recorded in the distribution data, but not on the maps.

When I had a picture of the range and variation of each species, I compared representative series to as many of the types as possible. This involved borrowing types from the British

Museum (Natural History), and visiting the Museum of Comparative

Zoology, the United States National Museum, and the Academy of

Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 6

Male genitalia were dissected and illustrated for each species

in the eleven revised genera. At least five males of each species

were dissected, but for many genera such as Rhabdopterus and Fidia

many times this number had to be dissected. Genitalia from a

representative species of each of the other nine eumolpine genera

are also illustrated. These dissections were done by relaxing the

specimen either in a humid relaxing chamber for 24-48 hours, or by

applying Barber's relaxing fluid to the specimen. The abdomen was

then removed and the genitalia taken out through the dorsal side.

The abdomen was glued to a point ventral side up and attached to

the pin with the specimen. The genitalia, after study, were pre­

served in glycerine and placed with the insect in small polyethy­

lene vials pinned through the stopper.

Wings from a representative species of each of the twenty

eumolpine genera were studied. This was done by relaxing the

specimen, removing the left metathoracic wing, unfolding and mounting it on a 2" x 2" glass slide, and allowing it to dry.

Another slide was then carefully placed over it, and the two slides were taped together. The specimen data was written on the tape,

and a note about the wing removal was attached to the insect pin.

All observations and drawings were made using a Spencer AO

binocular microscope equipped with 15X oculars, IX, 2X, and 6X

objective lenses. A reticule was used as an aid in drawing.

Each genus and species is treated in a uniform manner. A

synonymy is given first in the generic treatment, followed by a brief statement of diagnostic characters, and then a description of the genus. The diagnostic characters and the description apply only to those species from north of Mexico, and the description includes characters which are constant in those species. This is followed by a discussion of the genus, including its systematic history, and finally by a brief review of the world content of the genus.

The treatment of each species is divided into seven parts.

1. Synonymy: The synonymies are not exhaustive, but all important

works are included. Many entries are briefiy annotated. The

type localities of all available names are given. These are in

quotation marks if they are just as they appear in the original

description. Central and South American literature and specimens

have been examined; it is hoped that no synonyms have been

overlooked. The literature cited section contains complete

entries for all sources mentioned.

2. Diagnostic Characters: A brief statement of the most important

diagnostic characters is given.

3. Description: A more thorough description of the species is given.

Characters mentioned in the generic descriptions or in the

diagnostic statement are usually not repeated except in the

case of new species.

4. Discussion: Variation and relationships to other species are

included in this section. Any discussion not applying to the 8

other categories is also included in this section.

5. Biology: This material is gathered from the specimen label

data. It generally includes the more frequent collecting

dates, and the recorded host plant data. Other pertinent

data are occasionally discussed.

6. Type Material: The location and the label data of all avail­

able holotypes, paratypes, lectotypes, and neotypes are given.

A brief description of the holotype, lectotype or neotype is

also included. The types of any synonyms are discussed if

they were seen.

7. Distribution: All localities from the observed specimens are

recorded in an abbreviated form because of the great number of

specimens seen. The states and then the Canadian provinces

are listed in alphabetical order. Each of these entries is

followed by the number of specimens from that state or province

(arabic number) and the months in which specimens were collected

(roman number). After this, in the case of states, counties

are listed and the specific localities within these counties, if

any, are given. With provinces, only specific localities are

listed. The states and provinces are in capital letters, and

the counties are underlined. A section at the end of each state

contains localities from that state that could not be found and

placed within a county. After each province, a section contains 9 localities in that province that could not be found. The number of- specimens from each state includes those individuals with state data only. If some specimens from a county have exact localities, and others have county data only, no separate mention is made of the latter group, although they are included in the totals. A category at the end of the state and province data lists localities for which a state or province was not indicated. Another category lists the number of specimens having no locality data. Finally, the total number of specimens observed and recorded is given. BIOLOGY

Few studies have been made of the biology of the Eumolpinae.

The following are among the United States species whose larvae or biology have been described.

Rhabdopterus picipes (Olivier), on cranberry (Scammel, 1915)

Myochrous denticollis (Say), on c o m (Kelly, 1915)

Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius), on dogbane (Weiss & West, 1921)

Fidia viticida Walsh, on wild and domestic grape (Webster, 1895)

Paria spp., on strawberry and rose (Wilcox, 1955)

Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus), on grape (Suomalainen, 1958)

Colaspis flavida (Say), on grape (Metcalf et al_., 1951)

Graphops pubescens Melsheimer. on strawberry (Metcalf et al., 1951)

Of these, only Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius) was not cited as damaging some crop of economic importance. The others probably represent most, if not all, of the crop damaging Eumolpinae of the

United States, and these are not serious pests. The following remarks are based primarily on the species listed above.

All known eumolpine larvae are root feeders. They appear to have only one generation a year in temperate latitudes. This may not be true in some species from Florida, Texas, and Arizona.

10 11

The small (less than 1 mm long), oval, yellowish eggs are laid in the late spring or early summer. They are secluded either under leaves, bark, in crevices, or just below the soil surface.

Since the eggs are laid on or near the host plant, the larvae are assured of a suitable food supply. The larvae hatch in one or two weeks and immediately drop to the ground and bury themselves if they are not already under the surface. The young larvae feed on the tender roots of the host plant a few inches below the surface; older larvae may attack the larger roots. The smaller roots are usually eaten entirely, while the larger roots usually have only the outer layers on the underside eaten. The larvae mature by fall and burroi* deeper (often a foot or more) into the soil for the winter. In the spring they return nearer the surface and may either complete their larval stages or may pupate. The pupa is usually contained in a small earthen cell.

The adult emerges a few weeks or less after pupation. Mating and egg laying take place shortly thereafter, and by the time of frost the adults have usually died. Some species such as Paria differ in that the adults overwinter; eggs are laid in the spring, and larval development is completed in a few months in the early summer.

The adults feed on the leaves of the same host plants as the larvae. They can do considerable damage in large numbers. Most, however, seem to have several suitable host plants, and few hosts are greatly damaged. The adults skeletonize the leaves by eating 12 a number of holes in each one. The adults have a habit of releasing their hold and dropping to the ground when disturbed.

Parthenogenesis has been reported in Paria fragariae Wilcox

(Bennett & Fulton, 1954). A triploid parthenogenetic race has been reported in Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus) by Suomalainen (1958). MORPHOLOGY

Baly (1863, p. 144) described the Eumolpidae as follows:

Body rotundate, oblong or elongate, more or less cylindrical, generally glabrous above, at other times clothed with hairs or scales, which are usually adpressed. Head either moderately exserted or more or less deeply buried in the anterior cavity of the thorax; face perpendicular; antennae simple, rarely shorter than the head and thorax, seldom exceeding the body in length, filiform or subfiliform, rarely incrassate; eyes notched or entire, distant; mentum short, transverse, frequently bent upx^ards into the head, its anterior margin usually emarginate, ligula corneous; terminal joints of palpi generally ovate, rarely clavate. Thorax usually narrower than the elytra, occasionally equal in width, or even broader, convex or subcylindrical, in the latter case with the lateral margin frequently obsolete. Scutellum always distinct. Elytra usually broader than the thorax, humeral callus rarely prominent, inflexed border generally oblique, sometimes horizontal, upper surface punctate-striate or irregularly punctured. Legs moderate in length or elongate, the anterior pair being generally rather longer and stouter than the others; anterior coxae subglobular or (Euryope) transverse, separated by a distinct prosternum; thighs more less incrassate, sometimes armed with a tooth beneath; tibiae usually simple, occasionally notched at their apex, rarely armed with a spine on their outer or inner edges; third joints of tarsi always bifid; claws appendiculated, toothed or bifid. Prosternum elongate-oblong or wedge-shaped, sometimes transverse; mesostemum variable in shape, its sur­ face oblique, the apex being always directed backwards.

In addition to the above the Eumolpinae have the antennae eleven segmented and filiform, the procoxal cavities closed behind, and five visible abdominal sternites. The head is moderately hypognathous.

13 14

The Euraolpinae of America north of Mexico are small insects

(2.3-13.0 mm long). They are usually bright colored or shining, or both, and they rarely have patterns on the elytra. Punctation is always present on the head, pronotum, and elytra; it is often irregular, and the interpunctural areas as well as the impunctate underside areas are usually finely alutaceous. A more detailed discussion of some of the more important morphological characters follows.

HEAD AND HEAD APPENDAGES: The head is usually very flat anteriorly, and only moderately hypognathous. Frontoclypeal sutures are usually apparent at least laterally. Often a medial suture or impression is present on the vertex. Antennae are of two types; long and filiform (Colaspis, Rhabdopterus, Fidia, etc., Fig. 14), or shorter with segments six to eleven thicker (Nodonota, Metaparia, etc.,

Fig. 16). The second segment is shorter than the third, except in

Bromius where they are about equal; the third segment is shorter than the fourth, except in Tymnes tricolor and T_. violaceipennis where the fourth is longer; segments four to eleven are about equal in length, or segments six to eleven are slightly longer; each segment bears two to four long bristles and many short setae; segments six to eleven are more pubescent than segments one to six.

The chewing mouthparts are fairly typical of Coleoptera

(Fig. 15). The ligula is not bilobed; the labial palpi are three- segmented; the maxillary palpi are four-segmented, their last segment is enlarged in Tymnes: the mandibles are usually bidentate. 15

THORAX: The lateral margins of the pronotum are of several types:

A) Cylindrical, with no margins, the pronotum curving into pro- episternura without interruption (Chrysochus, Paria, etc.).

B) Margined, with a distinct carina which separates the pronotum into dorsal and ventral surfaces (Nodonota, Colaspis, etc.).

C) Lateral margins incomplete or variable (Colaspidea). D) Margins produced into teeth (Myochrous).

The lateral anterior margins of the prothorax (propleuron of

Chapuis) are of two types. Half of the genera have these margins sinuate (Spintherophyta, etc., Fig. 24), or more often developed into blinder-like lobes (Tymnes, etc., Fig. 7) which partially cover the eyes (postocular lobes). The occipital opening of the prothorax in these genera is considerably larger than the occiput of the head so that the head is retractile into the thorax past the posterior margin of the eyes. In the other genera these pro- thoracic margins are straight, postocular lobes are not present, and the head is not retractile into the thorax (Rhabdopterus,

Nodonota, etc., Fig. 23).

The prosternum in most of the United States genera is about as wide as a coxa at its narrowest point. The narrowest point is almost always between the coxae. The prosternum in Rhabdopterus

(Fig. 25) is exceptionally wide; it is almost as wide as long, and is somewhat wider than the width of a coxa. The prosternum in

Euphrytus (Fig. 26) is exceptionally narrow; it is much narrower than a coxa. The prostemum in Colaspis (Fig. 27) is intermediate 16 in size between Rhabdopterus and Euphrytus, and it is fairly typical of most other eumolpine genera.

ABDOMEN: The abdomen has five visible abdominal sternites, the first being the longest. The sternites are pubescent and impunctate in all genera, the pubescence being extremely sparse in some

(Spintherophyta, etc.).

The seventh tergite has two principle forms. It is grooved medially in 10 of the genera, in the other 10 it is not.

LEGS: The middle and hind tibiae are excavated just proximal to the apex in Metachroma, Paria, and Typophorus (Fig. 9). The excavation is accentuated by a brush of stiff hairs within it. Only the middle tibiae are excavated in Metaxyonycha, the excavation is weak, and the brush of hairs is much reduced. The tibiae are usually slightly dilated distally in the other genera.

Five genera (Graphops, Fidia, Xanthonia, Bromius, and

Colaspidea) have a pair of small spurs medially at the apex of each tibia.

Five other genera (Paria, Typophorus, Metachroma, Eumolpus, and

Glyptoscelis) , in addition to the five mentioned above, have split or bifid tarsal claws (Fig. 17). This gives them the appearance of having two long outer cla*?s and two shorter inner claws on each tarsus.

The remaining genera have the claws lobed at their base (appendiculate,

Figs. 18, 19). This lobe varies in size and shape, but it is always easily seen and never pointed. 17

PUBESCENCE AND PUNCTATION: Seven genera have the elytra, head, and pronotum pubescent. This pubescence is of various densities; in Myochrous and some Glyptoscelis it is almost scale-like. The other thirteen genera have the head, pronotum, and elytra glabrous, but they all have some pubescence on the underside. This pubescence is not always associated with punctures, and may arise from the areas between punctures. On the head each seta usually arises from within a puncture.

The elytral punctures appear to be arranged into rows in seven genera (Fidia, Xanthonia, Bromius, Typophorus, Paria, Metachroma, and Myochrous). The density of punctation varies with the species from sparse punctures separated by two or more times their diameters, to dense and contiguous punctures.

GENITALIA: Female genitalia are mainly non-sclerotized and are not used in this study.

The aedeagus is often of great importance in separating species.

The term aedeagus is used in the sense of Powell (1941) and Metcalf

(1932). This structure is termed the median lobe by Sharp and

Muir (1912). The aedeagus is a tubular sclerotized structure x*hich is variously curved or C shaped. It possesses an apical orifice at its apical or posterior end (median aperture of Sharp and Muir) situated dorso-caudally. Inside the aedeagus and issuing through the apical orifice during copulation is a membranous internal sac which may have some chitinized areas or projections within it. 18

Anterior to the aedeagus is a Y shaped tegmen (Powell, Sharp

and Muir). The arms of the Y surround the base of the aedeagus

from the ventral side and often unite above it, while the base of

the Y projects anteriorly or away from the apex of the aedeagus.

Beneath the aedeagus in many of the Eumolpinae lies a Y, U,

or V shaped spiculum gastrale (Powell, Sharp and Muir).

Only the aedeagus is figured in the genitalia drawings. The aedeagus has a pair of basal condyles in 12 genera; in the other eight genera these condyles are either lacking or are reduced to

a median hump.

WINGS: Metathoracic wings were studied in at least one representa­

tive species of each genus. Figure 20 shows a typical eumolpine wing; the venational terminologies used are those of Forbes (1922) and Varma (1956). The costa is short, and the radius and subcosta are fused distally. The media is present distally. The cubitus

is a strong vein running across the center of the wing. The anal

system is well developed and usually forms two or three closed cells. 19

Table 1. A comparison of the major morphological characters of the eumolpine genera. 0 = absent, X = present, S = usually present.

cd 3 01 •H ai . Cn1 I.H PI- -« • 1 cd CO 1—1 o •o & cd nd ■ to i 4J 0) g H vjrn 0 X p o 01 4J 3 OH rH •H JO M—1 p. iH o *3 9' 1 4J 4J Cd •H •H $ M 01 rH

w H w s? cn Postocular lobes s CM

The list below includes the twenty genera of Eumolpinae of

America north of Mexico. Eleven of these genera containing 44 species are thoroughly revised in this work. A checklist of the included species is given for these genera. Lectotypes are desig­ nated for those species marked with an asterisk, and neotypes for those marked with two asterisks. Generic and specific synonyms are

Indented. The phrases New Status, New Combination, New Synonymy, and New Species are listed after those species to which they apply in this work.

The other nine genera containing 118 species which are not thoroughly revised in this work are listed together with notations to the number of included species, the last published key or revision, and the page in this work that a checklist of the included species can be found.

1. Spintherophyta De j ean

=Chrysodina Baly

=Chalcoparia Crotch

arizonensis New Species Ariz.

*violaceipennis (Horn), New Combination Ariz

globosa (Olivier), New Combination E.U.S.

=oyata (Say)

exigua New Species Tex.-N. Mex. '20 21

Nodonota Lefevre

-Noda Chevrolat

=Brachypnoea Gistel

clypealis Horn E.U.S.

**puncticollis (Say) E.U.S

=humeralis (LeConte)

gstrlglcollis (Lefevre)

caenea (Melshelmer)

*basalis (Jacoby) Ariz.

=arizonica Schaeffer

=parkeri White, New Synonymy

tristis (Olivier) E.U.S.

=pilula (Germar)

^ =ovata (Say)

**convexa (Say) E.U.S.

margaretae New Species E.U.S.

rotundicollis Schaeffer Tex.

texana Schaeffer Tex.

3. Metaparia Crotch

mandibuloflexa New Species Tex.

*clytroides Crotch Tex.-Okla.-Kan.

ftopacicollis (Horn), New Combination Tex.-N.Mex.

prosopis New Species Tex.-N.Mex.

*viridimicans (Horn), New Combination Tex.

=macrocephala (Schaeffer), New Synonymy 22

4. Metachroma Chevrolat (25 spp.)

Horn, 1892. Blake, in progress. Checklist p.

5. Paria LeConte. (18 spp.)

Wilcox, 1957. Checklist p.

6. Typophorus Chevrolat (2 spp.)

Checklist p.

7. Eumolpus Weber (1 sp.)

Checklist p.

8. Chrysochus Chevrolat

auratus (Fabricius) E.U.S.

cobaltinus LeConte Cal.-Utah-B.C.

=»californicus Marshall

=tenebricosus Marshall

=castaneus Marshall

9. Colaspis Fabricius (15 spp.)

=Maecolaspis Bechyne

Horn, 1892. Sanderson, in progress. Checklist p.

10. Rhabdopterus Lefevre

=Rhabdophorus Lefevre

blatchleyi Bov/ditch, New Status Fla.

-picipes (Olivier) in part

bowditchi Barber Fla.

picipes (Olivier) _ Mass.-Fla. 23

angustipenis New Species Fla.

praetextus (Say) E.U.S,

°spiculatus Barber, New Synonymy

=weisei Schaeffer, New Synonymy

bottimeri Barber Tex.

deceptor Barber E.U.S,

Euphrytus Jacoby

*intermedius Jacoby Ariz.

parvicollis Schaeffer Ariz.

snowi Schaeffer Ariz.

12. Metaxyonycha Chevrolat

*arizonae (Crotch) Ariz.

=*circumcincta Horn, New Synonymy

*flohri (Jacoby), New Combination Ariz.

13. Tymnes Chapuis

Typophorus Crotch

tricolor (Fabricius) E.U.S,

=viridis (Fabricius)

-simplex (Dejean)

gyerticalis Chapuis

*violaceus Horn Penn.

metasternalis (Crotch) E.U.S.

*oregonensis (Crotch), New Combination Cal.-Ore. 24

14. Graphops LeConte (18 spp.)

Blake, 1955 Checklist p.

15. Colaspidea Laporte

=Dia Chevrolat

pallipes Fall Cal

smaragdula (LeConte) Cal

s*cuprascens (LeConte), New Synonymy

=*varicolo£ (Crotch), New Synonymy

=subvittata Fall, New Synonymy

=grata Fall, New Synonymy

=pomonae Fall, New Synonymy

16. Xanthonia Baly (4 spp.)

Horn, 1892. Checklist p.

17. Bromius Chevrolat

=Adoxus Kirby

=Eumolpus Redtenbacher

obscurus(Linnaeus) N.U.S

=vitis Auct.

=cochlearius (Say)

concinnus (Weise)

-lewisi (Weise)

18. Fidia Walsh

cana Horn Tex. 25

humeralis Lef&vre Ariz.

=£laglata Lef&vre, New Synonymy

*longipes (Melsheimer) E.U.S.

cviticolus (Uhler)

**viticida Walsh E.U.S.

clurida Dejean

*murina Crotch, New Status Tex. -Okla.-Kan.

clematis Schaeffer Tex.

19. Glyptoscelis Chevrolat (22 spp.)

Blake, 1967. Checklist p.

20. Myochrous Erichson (13 spp.)

Blake, 1950. Checklist p. KEY TO THE UNITED STATES GENERA OF THE EUMOLPINAE

1. Elytra without hairs or scales, except rarely on

the outer margin ...... 2

1'. Elytra distinctly hairy or scaly ...... 14

2(1). Tarsal claws bifid or split (Fig. 17) ...... 3

2'. Tarsal claws appendiculate (Figs. 18,19) 6

3(2). Posterior and middle tibiae excavated near apex

on the outer edge (Fig. 9); throughout U.S...... 4

3'. Posterior and middle tibiae not excavated; very

large, 11 to 15 mm long; brilliant metallic

green or blue; elytral punctures fine and con­

fused; A r i z o n a ...... 7. Eumolpus Weber

4(3). Anterior lateral margins of prothorax straight

below the eyes, no postocular lobes

(Figs. 23,25,26,27)...... 4. Metachroma Chevrolat

4*. Anterior lateral margins of prothorax arcuate

below the eyes forming postocular lobes

(Figs. 7,24) ...... 5

5(4*). Grooves above eyes very wide, wider above eyes

than length of second antennal segment, usually

narrowing and joining between eyes; color

26 27

brown or bright metallic blue, green, or

bronze; 2.5 to 7.5 mm long; southeastern

states ...... 6. Typophorus Chevrolat

Grooves above eyes very narrow, narrower than length

of second antennal segment, not joined between

eyes; color yellow, brown, orange, or black,

without green, blue, or bronze luster; 2.5 to

4.5 mm long; throughout U.S. . . . 5. Paria LeConte

6(2’). Anterior lateral margins of prothorax arcuate

below eyes forming postocular lobes (Figs. 7,24);

head retractile into prothorax past posterior

margin of eyes ...... 7

6'. Anterior lateral margins of prothorax straight

below eyes, no postocular lobes (Figs. 23,25,

26,27); head not retractile into prothorax

past posterior margins of eyes ...... 10

7(6). Pronotum coarsely, closely punctate, punctures

on sides frequently confluent; antennae fifi-

f o r m ...... 13. Tymnes Chapuis

7'. Pronotum not coarsely punctate, punctures never

confluent; antennal segments 7-11 usually

larger and thicker than segments 1-6 ...... 8

8(7'). Length 8 to 13 mm; brilliant metallic blue or

green, often with coppery luster ...... 28

...... 8. Chrysochus Chevrolat

Length 3 to 4.5 mm; shining or dull, colors

various, usually dark ...... 9

9(8’). Clypeus with basal margin emarginate; mandibles of

males greatly enlarged (Figs. 3,4,5,6) ......

...... 3. Metaparia Crotch

9'. Clypeus with basal margin truncate or slightly

sinuate; mandibles of males not greatly

enlarged 1. Spintherophyta Dejean

10(6 '). Middle tibiae broadly excavated on outer side

near apex; Arizona .... 12. Metaxyonycha Chevrolat

10'. Middle tibiae not excavated near apex;

throughout U.S...... 11

11(10') Antennae long, slender, extending at least to

middle of elytra; seventh antennal segment

only slightly wider than sixth; segments 7-11

sometimes slightly thickened (Fig. 14) ...... 12

11'. Antennae shorter, usually not extending to middle

of elytra; seventh antennal segment distinctly

wider than sixth; segments 7-11 distinctly

thickened (Fig. 16) 2. Nodonota Leteure

12(11). Prostemum very narrow between coxae, width at.

narrowest point less than one-half width of 29

coxa (Fig. 26); male with apical segments of

maxillary palpi very broad, obliquely truncate;

4.5 to 5.0 mm long; Arizona . . . 11. Euphrytus Jacoby

12*. Prosternum wider, width at narrowest point wider

than one-half width of coxa; male with apical

segments of maxillary palpi slender, not

obliquely truncate; widespread ...... 13

13(12*) . Prosternum constricted between coxae, width at

narrowest point less than width of procoxa

(Fig. 2 7 ) ...... 9. Colaspis Fabricius

13*. P r o s t e m u m wide, nearly parallel between coxae,

width at narrowest point equal to or greater

than width of procoxa (Fig. 25) ......

...... 10. Rhabdopterus Lef&vre

14(1*). Anterior lateral margins of prothorax arcuate

below eyes forming postocular lobes (Fig. 24);

head capable of being withdrawn into pro­

thorax past posterior margin of e y e s ...... 15

14'. Anterior lateral margins of prothorax straight

below eyes, no postocular lobes; head not

capable of being withdrawn into prothorax ...... 18

15(14). Two apical protibial spurs present; protibiae

without anteapical teeth ...... 17 30

15'. Protibial apex without spurs; one or two ante-

apical teeth sometimes present ...... 16

16(15') Tarsal claws bifid or split (Fig. 17); protibiae

simple, without teeth near apex; lateral

margins of pronotum not toothed......

...... 19. G.lyptoscelis Chevrolat

16'. Tarsal claws appendiculate or simple (Figs. 18,19);

front tibiae toothed on inner side near apex,

often with an apical tooth; lateral margins of

pronotum usually toothed . . . .20. Myochrous Erichson

17(15). Elytra and pronotum with distinct metallic blue,

green, purple or bronze luster; third antennal

segment much longer than second; 2.5 to 4.5 mm

long; California, Arizona . . . 15. Colaspidea Laporte

17'. Elytra and pronotum without metallic luster,

insect either all black or black with pale

brown elytra; third antennal segment but

little longer than second; 4.0 to 5.5 mm

long; widespread in central and northern

states ...... 17. Bromius Chevrolat

18(14'). Head with grooves above each eye; elytra and

pronotum usually with metallic luster . . .

...... 14. Graphops LeConte 31

18'. Head without grooves above eyes; elytra and pro­

notum without metallic luster ...... 19

19(18*). Front femur with a median ventral tooth, which

is sometimes very small; 3.0 to 4.0 mm long. .

...... 16. Xanthonia Baly

19'. Front femur without a median ventral tooth;

4.0 to 7.0 mm long ...... 18. Fidia Walsh. SYSTEMATIC TREATMENT

1. Spintherophyta Dejean, 1837:434

TYPE: Chrysomela semiaurata Klug, 1829. Designated by Monros and

Bechyne, 1956. See discussion. Type locality not known.

Spintherophyta Dejean, 1837, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, rev., cor.,

aug., p. 434. ---- Monros and Bechyne, 1956, Entomol. Arb.

Mus. G. Frey, 7:1122 (Type designation), (nee Leffevre, 1875,

and subsequent authors).

Chrysodina Baly, 1864, J. Entomol., 2:221 (Type: Chrysodina

igneieollis Baly, 1864:221, from "Ega" in Brazil, by

monotypy). ----- Chapuis, 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins., Coleop., 10:232

(Descrip.). ----- Jacoby, 1881, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop.,

6(1):105. Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege,

Ser. 2, 11(16):6 (Syn., Checklist). Horn, 1892, Trans.

Amer. Entomol. S o c . 19:233 (Syn.). ----- Monros and Bechyne,

1956, Entomol. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, 7:1122 (Syn. of Spintherophyta

Dejean).

Chalcoparia Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 39

(Type: Colaspis globosa Olivier 1808:893, from "Cabinet of M.

Palisot de Beauvois") Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):6 (Syn. of Chrysodina Baly). 33

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Postocular lobes present; male mandibles never enlarged; basal margin of clypeus not emarginate.

DESCRIPTION: Small, 2.5-4.0 mm long; colors variable, but fairly constant within a species, except S_. arizonensis; shape robust, oval to elongate oval. Last segment of labial and maxillary palpi not enlarged. Antennae about one-half body length; inserted between and below middle of eyes; their sockets influencing shape of clypeus; bases widely spread; last five segments thicker and more pubescent than segments one to six. Eyes little raised from surface of head; slightly emarginate on inner side. Head retractile into pronotum past posterior margins of eyes; postocular lobes, or at least convex sinuations, present on anterior margin of prothorax. Sides of pro­ notum margined. Epipleurae broad basally, impunctate, and extending to tips of elytra. Humeri not prominent. Underside usually im­ punctate; only very faintly pubescent medially. Tibiae dilated slightly, and increasingly pubescent distally; no apical spurs present.

Tarsal claws appendiculate. Males with front and middle tarsi dilated; aedeagus with basal condyles.

DISCUSSION: Dejean first used this name in the third edition

(rev., cor., aug.) of his Catalogue (1837). He included ten names in the genus, three of which were listed as synonyms. Six of the names (including one synonym) are Dejean names and thus are nomina nuda (they have no description, definition, or indication). Two of the names are credited to Klug, but they were apparently never 34 published as they are not listed in Sherborn's Index. Of the two remaining names, S^. semiaurata (Klug) was used in a price list in

1829, while JS. lesueuri (Chevrolat, 1835) has since been placed in the genus Mycotretus in the family Erotylidae.

It seems unlikely that a name used in a price list of duplicate specimens would meet the description, definition, or indication requirement of the code. If it did not, it would be a nomen nudum and not available. In that case Spintherophyta would be a genus of erotylids.

I have not seen Klug's list, so I do not know if S_. semiaurata is available. However, Monros and Bechynd (1956) designated it as type of the genus Spintherophyta Dejean. They also synonomized that genus and Chrysodina Baly. They treated S_. semiaurata as if it were available, but they did not indicate why they think it is. For the present, I think it best to assume that S_. semiaurata is available and accept Monros and Bechyne*s designation.

Lefevre (1875) assigned S^. semiaurata (Klug) and two of Dejean's other Spintherophyta names to Baly's genus Chrysodina. Since at that time Dejean's generic names were considered nomina nuda,

Lefevre used the name Spintherophyta for another genus which he described. This name is a junior homonym and Monros and Bechynd

(1956) renamed it Phytospinthera (also see the discussion under

Metaparia).

Many Central and South American species were described under the name Chrysodina. Lefevre (1885) listed only C. globosa (Olivier) from the United States, and it has remained our only species to this time. Spintherophyta contains about 100 species (including those

formerly in Chrysodina), the vast majority of which are from Central and South America.

Colaspoides violaceipennis Horn is transferred to Spintherophyta because it lacks mandibular enlargement in the male, and its clypeal emarginatiom above the labrum is very slight. It appears to be closely related to S^. globosa (Olivier). I believe that Laport's genus Colaspoides has no United States representatives. Laport's description would place it close to Nodonota, but the description

Is too general to be certain (also see the discussion under Metaparia) .

The type of Colaspoides is Cryptocephalus limbatus Fabricius, 1781:

498 from "Guayana"; a specimen of it has not been seen, but it is figured in Olivier (1808, vol. 8, pi. 2, fig. 12).

Two new species of Spintherophyta are described and a key to the four recognized species is presented.

Key to the United States species of the genus Spintherophyta Dejean

1. Pronotum and elytra concolorous 2

1'. Pronotum metallic blue, elytra metallic red or violet

with bronze luster violaceipennis (Horn)

2(1). Anterior edge of prostemum antero-ventrally flared,

forming a lip; Arizona arizonensis n. sp.

2 1. Anterior edge of prostemum level with the rest of the

prostemum, no anterior lip; widespread in middle

'and eastern U.S. through Texas and Kansas 3 36

3(2'). Color shining green; shape elongate oval; western and

central Texas ...... exigua n. sp.

3'. Color shining brown to black; shape globular; widespread

in middle and eastern U.S. through Texas and

Kansas ...... globosa (Olivier)

Spintherophyta arizonensis. New Species

(Figs. 2, 28. Map I)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Anterior margin of prosternum flared

ventrad forming a lip; clypeus trapezoidal; aedeagus only moderately

concave in orificial view.

DESCRIPTION: Oval; robust; shining dark green to dark brown,

occasionally blue; underside usually dark brown, sometimes colored as dorsal surface; legs, antennae, and palpi varying from dark brown

to red-orange.

Head moderately alutaceous; punctures round to elongate, separated

by about their lengths, interpunctural areas becoming strigose near

eyes and occiput. Clypeus trapezoidal, sides straight to between eyes, then curving medially before they disappear (Fig. 2), slightly

curved above labrum; punctures larger than those on frons. Antennae

inserted between and below middle of eyes, their sockets influencing

shape of clypeus; segments seven to eleven thicker and more pubescent

than segments one to six. 37

Pronotum moderately punctate, shining; growing wider anteriorly; anterior and posterior angles about 90°; punctures round, separated by about their diameters; postocular lobes present. Scutellum sub- triangular, sides curved to a rounded point posteriorly. Elytral punctures two to three times as large as those of pronotum, larger at sides, round, irregularly placed.

Underside impunctate. Prostemum strigosely sculptured; longer than wide, width between coxae about as wide as a coxa; anterior mar­ gin flaring ventrad away from head capsule forming a lip. No apical tibial spurs. Tarsal claws appendiculate.

Aedeagus (Fig. 28) only moderately concave in orificial view; somewhat wider distally; apex blunt or slightly emarginate; basal condyles present.

Length 3.0 - 4.0 mm.

DISCUSSION; This species varies mainly in size and color.

Most specimens are green, but some are purple or blue, and others are dark brown. The type is a dark bronzed green color. S^. arizonensis appears very closely related to S_. globosa and to S^. violaceipennis. It differs from S^. globosa in the flaring of the anterior margin of the prostemum, and from S^. violaceipennis in the shape of the clypeus. The species is named for its type locality.

BIOLOGY: This appears to be a late summer species, as most records are in September. There are no host data on the specimens seen. TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype, a male labeled "Sta. Catalina Mts.,

Arlz. IX-24-64 F. Werner 4300'," eight paratypes (4

F. G. Werner" are deposited in The Ohio State University collection.

Three paratypes (ld*,2£) same data as type, and one paratype (c?)

"Pearce, Ariz." are in my collection. Two paratypes (Id", 1?) same data as type, and two paratypes (Id1, 1?) "pearce, Ariz." are depos­ ited in the United States National Museum. 21 paratypes (8d", 13?) same data as type, and six paratypes (Id1, 5?) "Pearce, Ariz" are deposited in the University of Arizona Collection. The type is

3.5 mm long, and 1.9 mm wide at the humeri. It is mounted on a paper point with the abdomen removed and glued to that point. There is a plastic genitalia vial below the specimen.

DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern United States and probably into Mexico.

ARIZONA (94) VII, VIII, IX, X. Pima Co.: Santa Catalina Mts.,

Molino Basin. Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mts., Tex. Canyon, Huachuca

Mts., Pinery Canyon, Sierra Vista, Pearce, Douglas. Santa Cruz Co.:

Nogales. Gila Co.: Sierra Ancha Mts., Globe, San Carlos Lake.

Yavapai Co.: Bloody Basin.

CALIFORNIA (6): No further data

NEW MEXICO (5) IX. Lincoln Co.: Capitan Mts. 39

Spintherophyta violacelpennls (Horn), New Combination

(Figs. 1, 29. Map II)

Colaspoides violaceipennis Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomo. Soc.,

19:229 (Descrip., Key, Type locality: "Arizona... southern

part").

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Coppery red color, pronotum bluish.

DESCRIPTION: Oval; globose; small; head and pronotum shining dark blue, sometimes green, elytra dark coppery red to deep purple; underside including legs dark blue to black; tarsi, bases of antennae, and palpi usually lighter.

Head moderately punctate; punctures small, round, separated by one to three times their diameters, denser near occiput. Clypeus distinctly triangular, sides angled toward center of frons from above labrum (Fig. 1).

Pronotum sparsely punctate; shining; sides curved; widest posteriorly; anterior and posterior angles about 90°; punctures small, round, separated by two times their diameters. Scutellum nearly semicircular, a rounded point posteriorly, usually broader than long. Elytral punctures small, one and one-half to two times as large as those of pronotum, round, irregularly placed, separated by one to two times their diameters.

Underside impunctate, except metepisternum occasionally with faint punctures. Prosternum roughly sculptured; longer than wide, 40

about as wide as a coxa at narrowest point, turned ventrad anteriorly

forming a lip.

Aedeagus (Fig. 29) not at all concave in orificial view; wider

and truncate at apex; apex usually emarginate, no median lobe.

Length 2.6-4,0 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species varies somewhat in size and color.

One specimen from Whiteriver, Arizona, is nearly all shining green

and looks much like jS. arizonensis, except for the face.

BIOLOGY: This species has been collected almost exclusively in

July and August; label records indicate altitudes over 5000 ft.

Two specimens, one from the Santa Rita Mts. and one from the Chiri-

cahua Mts., are labeled "oak, pinyon pine, juniper". Another is

labeled "Salix leaves". One was collected in a black light trap.

TYPE MATERIAL: The type is labeled "Ari" and is in the Horn

type collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia.

It bears Lectotype No. 3775; I do not know who chose this lectotype.

It is 4.0 mm long, 2.8 mm wide at the humeri and is of the typical violet, red color. It is in good condition with all legs and

antennae unbroken. One other specimen is in the general collection;

it is also labeled "Ari", and is given Paratype No. 3775. Both

specimens are females. This type material has been studied, and this

lectotype designation is accepted.

DISTRIBUTION: Occurs in southern Arizona, south into Mexico. 41

ARIZONA (222) VI, VII, VIII. Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mts., Huachuca

Mts., W. slope Pinery Canyon, Garden Canyon, Sunnyside Canyon, Red

Rock Canyon, Carr Canyon, Chiricahua Nat'l Mon., Sylvania Ranch,

Palmerlee, Paradise, Douglas, Portal, 5 mi. SW Portal, 3.5 mi. SW

Portal. Pima C o .; Baboquivari Mts., Santa Catalina Mts, Bear Canyon,

Santa Rita Mts, Bog Spring Camp in Madera Canyon. Santa Cruz Co.:

Canelo, Harshaw, Patagonia Mts. Graham Co.: Ft. Grant. Navajo C o .:

4 mi. N Whiteriver, Carizzo, Showlow.

CALIFORNIA (5). No further data.

227

Spintherophyta globosa (Olivier)., New Combination

(Fig. 30. Map III)

Colaspis globosa Olivier, 1808, Entomol . . . Coleop., 6:893

(Descrip., Illus. in Vol. 8, pi. 2, fig. 30. From "Cabinet of

M. Palisot de Beauvois")

Chalcoparia globosa (Olivier), Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, p. 39.

Chrysodina globosa (Olivier), Lefhvre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):7. ----- Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer.

Entomol. Soc., 19:233 (Descrip., Syn.).

Colaspis ovata Say, 1824, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 442 42

(Descrip., type locality: "United States") Clavereau, 1914,

Coleop. Cat. 24(59):5 (Synonym of globosa).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Brown color; unflanged anterior margin of prosternum.

DESCRIPTION: Small; globose; black to dark brown; legs, antennae, and mouth parts red-orange; femora often partly or entirely dark.

Head moderately punctate; punctures large, round, separated by their diameters or less, denser and elongate at occiput. Clypeus roughly punctured; sides nearly straight, angled toward center of frons from above labrum. Antennal sockets not exceptionally large.

Pronotum widest posteriorly; anterior and posterior angles about 90°; moderately punctate; punctures about as large as those of frons, round, separated by about their diameters. Scutellum roundly triangular, usually longer than broad. Elytral punctures two times as large as those of pronotum, round, placed in very poorly defined double rows.

Underside impunctate. Prosternum rough, without an anterior flange, longer than wide, about as wide at narrowest point as a coxa.

Aedeagus (Fig. 30) only moderately concave in orificial view; parallel or slightly narrowed apically; apex truncate or with small emarginate apical lobe.

Length 2.3-3.2 mm. 43

DISCUSSION: This species is very constant throughout its range, varying only in size. Specimens from southeastern Texas are identical with those from New England.

There is a specimen in the United States National Museum labeled "type No. 28827," "Brownsville, Tex., 111-24-1908."

"Collected on CeltisT" "D. K. McMillan Coll," "Chrysodina vari- punctata." There is also a paratype labeled "Cyp. Mills, Tex."

"Chittenden Coll." This species was apparently named by

Chittenden, but the description was never published. Both specimens are small S_. globosa.

BIOLOGY: Collection dates vary with latitude from March and

April in Texas to July, August, and even September in New, England.

Label data include "azalea," "Hazel»""Ouercus," wild blackberry."

TYPE MATERIAL: Olivier's type is probably lost according to

Mile. Berti at the Paris Museum (in litt.); Mrs. Blake did not report it among the Bose specimens that she examined there. I do not believe a neotype is necessary, as the species appears to be well known.

DISTRIBUTION: This species is widespread from the East Coast into Colorado, western Texas and possibly even Arizona although collection records are concentrated in New England and Texas. It probably gets into Mexico as well. 44

ALABAMA (4). Clay Co.; Pyriton. Chambers Co.: Langdale.

ARKANSAS (3) V, VI. Miller C o .: Fouke. Hempstead Co.: Hope.

COLORADO (9) VI. Larimer Co.: Estes Park.

CONNECTICUT (21) IV, V, VI. Litchfield Co.: Colebroolc, Litchfield,

Cornwall. Tolland Co.: Storrs. Fairfield Co.: New Canaan.

Hartford Co.: New Britain.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (17) V,VI. Washington, Rock Creek.

GEORGIA (11) IV, V. Rabun Co.: Pine Mt., Burton. Dade Co.;

Cloudland Canyon St. Pk.

KANSAS (8). Douglas Co.

MAINE (4) VI, VII. Androscoggin C o .; Lewiston. Lincoln C o .

MARYLAND (23) V, VI, VIII, IX. Montgomery Co.: Cabin John,

Plummers Is. Prince Georges Co.: Beltsville, Suitland. Baltimore Co.:

Baltimore. Anne Arundel Co.: Odenton. Harford Co.; Edgewood.

Frederick Co.

MASSACHUSETTS (129) V., VI, VII, VIII, IX. Hampden Co.; Westfield,

Montgomery, Holyoke, Wilbraham, Mt. Tom, Springfield. Hampshire Co.:

South Ainherst, Cummington. Bristol Co.: Apponegansett, Fall River,

Freetown, Westport. Worcester Co.: Fitchburg, Worcester. Essex

Co.: Saugus, Lawrence. Suffolk Co.: West Roxbury, Milton, Boston,

Brookline. Norfolk C o .; Needham, Readville, Quincy, Dedham, Dover.

Nantucket Co.; Nantucket. Franklin Co.; Northfield, Winchendon.

Middlesex Co.; Tyngsboro, Lowell, Sherborn, Framingham, Ashland,

Arlington. Plymouth Co.: Plymouth, Middleboro, Marion. Barnstable

Co.: Woods Hole, Hyannis Port. Berkshire Co.: Clayton. 45

MISSISSIPPI (3) IV, IX. George Co.; Lucedale. Perry Co.: Richton.

Grenada Co.

MONTANA (3). No further data.

NEBRASKA (5). Dawson Co.: Lexington. Red Willow Co.: McCook.

NEW HAMPSHIRE (11) V, VI, VII, IX. Belknap Co.; Bamstead.

Stafford Co.: West Milton, Milton. Hillsboro Co.; Manchester.

Not placed to County: Three Mile Is.

NEW JERSEY (13) IV, V, VI. Essex Co.: Orange. Morris Co.: Hopatcong,

Boonton. Bergen Co.: Westwood, Hillsdale. Atlantic C o .: Cedar Lake.

Warren Co.: Hackettstown. Passaic Co.: Greenwood Lake. Not placed to County: Split Rock Lake.

NEW MEXICO (1) VI. Colfax Co.

NEW YORK (99) V, VI, VII, VIII. Columbia Co.: New Lebanon. Monroe

Co.: Rochester. Suffolk Co.: Yaphank, Huntington, Wildwood St. Pk.,

Montauk Point, Orient. Clinton Co.: West Kilns. Putman C o .:

Brewster, Garrison. Orange Co.: Greenwood Lake, West Point.

Oneida Co.: White Lake. Warren Co.: Lake George. Washington Co.:

Whitehall. Westchester Co.: Peekskill. New York City: Central Park,

Staten Is. Rockland Co.: No further data.

NORTH CAROLINA (73) V, VI, VII, VIII, IX. Macon Co.: Highlands.

Buncombe Co.: Black Mts., North Fork Swannanoa R. Avery Co.:

Cranberry. Cherokee Co.: Murphy, Andrews. Haywood Co.: Retreat.

Swain Co.: Bryson City. Highlands Co.: Whitesides. Transylvania Co.:

Lake Toxaway. Alleghany Co.: Blue Ridge. Graham C o .: Nantahala

Gorge. Not placed to County: Great Smoky Mts. Nat'l Pk., Greybeard

Mts. 46

OHIO (13) V, VI, IX. Hocking Co. Vinton Co.

OKLAHOMA (6) V, VI. Kingfisher Co.: Kingfisher. Muskogee Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (45) V, VI, VIII. Delaware Co.: Glenolden. Monroe Co.:

Delaware Water Gap, Cresco. Montgomery Co.: Abington. Lycoming Co.:

Williamsport. Philadelphia Co.: Germantown. Dauphin Co.: Hummels- town. Pike Co.: Lackawaxen. Fulton Co.: Burnt Cabins.

RHODE ISLAND (8) V, VI, VII. Kent Co.: Warwick. Washington Co:

Watch Hill. Providence Co.: Providence, East Providence. Newport

Co.: Portsmouth, Tiverton.

SOUTH CAROLINA (1) VI. Oconee Co.: Mountain Rest.

TENNESSEE (4) V, VI. Sevier Co.: Green Briar Cove. Smith Co.:

Chilhowee Mt. Not placed to County: Great Smoky Mts. Nat'l Pk.

TEXAS (240) II, III, IV, V, VI. Brazos Co.: College Station.

Frio Co.: Pearsall. Bexar Co.: San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston.

Cameron Co.: Brownsville. Uvalde Co.: Sabinal, Uvalde. Hidalgo Co.:

Mercedes. McLennon C o .: Waco. Dallas Co.: Dallas. Comal Co.:

New Braunfels. Kerr Co.: Kerrville. Val Verde Co.: Del Rio.

Edwards Co.: Rocksprings, 14 mi NW Rocksprings on Hwy 55. Potter

Co.: Palo Duro St. Pk. Lee Co.: Fedor. Real Co.: 26 mi. N Leakey on Ranch Rd. 336. Gillespie Co.: Fredericksburg. Dimmit Co.

Austin Co.

VERMONT (1). Windham Co.: Brattleboro.

VIRGINIA (44) V, VII, IX. Fairfax Co.: Great Falls, Glencarlyn,

Vienna. Alexandria Co.: Falls Church. Lee Co.: Pennington Gap.

Mechlenburg Co.: Springhill. 47

WYOMING (1) VII. Platte Co.: Chugwater.

ONTARIO (2) V. Toronto.

LOCALITIES NOT MAPPED (10). Smeeten?; Great Lakes.

NO LOCALITY DATA (6).

817

Spintherophyta exigua, New Species.

(Fig. 31, Map IV)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Aedeagus very concave in orificial view; small size; shining green color.

DESCRIPTION: Oval to elongate oval; robust; compact; shining green, both above and below; legs, antennae, and palpi red-orange.

Head sparsely punctate; punctures small, round separated by one to three times their diameters. Clypeus trapezoidal; side margins curved toward center of eyes from between antennae; basal margin slightly curved. Antennae inserted between and below middle of eyes; sockets influencing shape of clypeus; segments seven to eleven thicker and more pubescent than segments one to six.

Pronotum sparsely punctate; sides nearly parallel, only slightly sinuate; anterior and posterior angles about 90°; punctures small, round separated by one to three times their diameters. Post­ ocular lobes present. Scutellum almost semi-circular, only slightly 48 longer than wide. Elytral punctures twice as large as those of pronotum, round irregularly placed.

Underside impunctate. Prosternum very flat, without an anterior flange, longer than wide, and about as wide as a coxa at narrowest point. No apical tibial spurs. Tarsal claws appendiculate.

Aedeagus (Fig. 31) scooplike, greatly concave, with a large dorsal depression; wider near apex accentuating the concavity; apical lobe bluntly pointed; basal condyles present.

Length 2.6-3.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species is less globular than the other

Spintherophyta, but the lack of enlarged mandibles and the straight basal margin of the clypeus make its generic placement definite.

The species is named for its relatively small size.

BIOLOGY: Adults occur mainly in June; it has been collected on "Condelia lycoides" and "Boumeria." There are not enough specimens or data to reach any conclusions about the host.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype (

"Val Verde Co., Tex., V-24-46," "D. J. & J. N. Knull"; in The

Ohio State University collection. Two paratypes (lcP, 1?) same data as type; in United States National Museum collection. Three paratypes (l

Zoology collection. Ten paratypes (5cT, 5?) "Sheffield, Texas,

VII-5-41," "Pecos Co. Texas", "B. E. White collection"; in the 49

California Academy of Sciences collection. The type specimen is

2.9 mm long and 1.8 mm wide at the humeri; it is dark green, and is mounted on a paper point with the removed abdomen at the base of this point. The genitalia are contained in a plastic vial mounted on the pin below the specimen.

DISTRIBUTION: Throughout south, central, and western Texas,

New Mexico, and probably south into Mexico.

NEW MEXICO (1). Quay Co.: Tucumcari.

TEXAS (87) V, VI, VII, VIII. Presidio Co.: Presidio. Val Verde Co.:

Del Rio, Devils River. Brewster C o .: Big Bend Nat'l Pk., Chisos

Basin. Menard Co.: Menard. Jeff Davis Co.: Davis Mts. Pecos Co.:

Sheffield. Culberson Co.: Van Horn.

88 50

2. Nodonota Lefevre, 1885:166

TYPE: Colaspis tristis Olivier, 1808. Designated by Monros and

Bechyn£, 1956. Type locality: probably Carolina, from the

Bose collection.

Noda Chevrolat, 1837, in Dejean, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, rev., aug.,

cor., p. 434. — Chapuis, 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins., Gen.

Coleop., 10:240 (Descrip.). ----- Leffevre, 1885, Mem. Soc.

Roy. Sci. Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):15 (Descrip., Syn., Checklist

world). ----- Jacoby, 1890, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop.,

Suppl., 6(1):193 (Descrip.). ----- Monros and Bechyn^, 1956,

Entomol. Arb. Nus. G. Frey, 7:1124 (Type: Colaspis tristis

Olivier).

Nodonota Lefevre, 1885, Mem Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):

166 (Replaces Noda Chevrolat nec Shellenberg 1803, Diptera).

Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 19:230 (Diag.).

Schaeffer, 1906, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts Sci., Sci.

Bull., 1:239 (Key). ----- White, 1941, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol.

Soc., 36:163 (Key). ----- Bechyne, 1950, Mitt. Muenchner

Entomol. Gesells., 40:271 (Invalid type designation).

?Brachypnoea Gistel, 1837, Systema Insectorum ... p. 404 (Cited

by Monros and Bechyne, 1956, type not known. See discussion).

Gistel, 1848, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs ... p. 123

(Cited by Monros and Bechyne, 1956, not seen by me). -----

Gistel, 1851, Naturgeschichte des Thierreichs... ed. 2, p. 123 51

(Cited by Monros and Bechyne, 1956, not seen by me). Monros

and Bechyne, 1956, Entomol. Arb. Mus. G. Frey, 7:1124 (Nodonota

a junior synonym of Brachypnoea).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Tarsal claws appendiculate; no post­ ocular lobes; antennal segments seven through eleven distinctly thickened.

DESCRIPTION: Small, 3.0-5.0 mm long; robust; colors extremely variable, almost always of darker shades, brown and black predomin­ ating. Shape oval to elongate oval. Clypeus slightly emarginate above labrum. Last segment of maxillary and labial palpi not en­ larged. Antennae shorter than one-half body length, last five segments thicker and more pubescent than segments one to six. Labrum, mandibles, and palpi sparsely pubescent. Head not retractile into prothorax past posterior margins of eyes. Sides of pronotum carinate.

Prosternum longer than wide, between coxae about as wide as a coxa at its narrowest point. Epipleurae broad basally, impunctate, and extending to tips of elytra. Thoracic sterna and center of abdominal sterna sparsely pubescent. Tibiae dilated slightly and increasingly pubescent distally, no apical spines.

Males with front and middle tarsi dilated, pygidium turned ventrad and broadly grooved. Male genitalia of United States species strikingly similar, all with basal condyles, and rounded or slightly emarginate at apex (Figs. 32-39).

DISCUSSION: This genus was proposed by Chevrolat (1837) in the 52

Dejean Catalogue under the preoccupied name Noda (Shellenberg, 1803,

Diptera). Thirty species were included; of these, only N. tristis

(Olivier), N. luteicomis (Fabricius), and N_. humeralis (Latreille)

had been previously described. Brachypnoea Gistel, 1837, is the

same as Noda Chevrolat according to Monros and BechynS (1956), and

is consequently the proper name for this genus. Gistel's 1837

paper, listed by Monros and Bechyne, 1956, in their references does not mention the name Brachypnoea, nor does its pagination correspond

to that listed for Brachypnoea in the body of their paper. I have been unable to find another reference to the name Brachypnoea.

Monros and Bechynei do not designate a type or list the species

included, if any. The name cannot stand until its existence is verified. Monros and Bechyne (1956) designated Colaspis tristis

Olivier as the type species of Noda.

Chapuis described Noda in 1874. From that date many authors,

expecially Lefevre and Jacoby, added numerous South and Central

American species. In 1885 Lefevre recognized that Noda was a homonym

and proposed the name Nodonota for Chevrolat's genus. He was

apparently not aware of Gistel's work. Leffevre listed three North

American species in the genus, but only N_. tristis (Olivier) is now

considered valid nomenclatorially.

The first treatment of North American species was by Horn in

1892. He included four species under the genus Nodonota: N_. tristis

(Olivier), N. convexa (Say), N_. puncticollis (Say), and N. clypealis

Horn. In 1906 Schaeffer described three new species (N. rotundicollis, 53

N. arizonica, and N. texana) and published a key to all seven species.

In 1933 Schaeffer synonomized N. arizonica Schaeffer with Noda basalis Jacoby. White (1941) described N_. parkeri, and keyed all eight species of United States Nodonota.

Nodonota differs from Metaparia and Spintherophyta mainly in the shape of the anterior margin of the prothorax. The ventral front edge of the pronotum is straight in Nodonota with no sinuations or any evidence of postocular lobes. The prothorax fits tightly around the occipital region so that the head is not retractile past the posterior margin of the eyes. Both Metaparia and Spinthero- phyta have the ventral front edge of the pronotum either sinuate or with postocular lobes. The prothorax also fits more loosely around the occipital region in these two genera, so that the head is retrac­ tile past the posterior margin of the eyes. In addition, the clypeus of Nodonota is never deeply emarginate, nor are the man­ dibles of the males enlarged as in Metaparia.

Nodonota differs from Colaspis mainly in the form of the antennae which are about one-half the body length and have the distal segments thickened. The antennae are longer than one-half the body length and are not thickened distally on Colaspis.

Nodonota is widely distributed in the New World, mainly in

Central America. There are well over 100 described species, with eight being found north of Mexico.

The United States species of Nodonota have clear-cut morpho­ logical differences but previous keys have failed to stress them, 54 and the insects in collections are frequently raisidentified or not

identified at all. A new key is presented, one new species is described, one name is placed in synonymy, and two neotypes are designated.

Key to the United States Species of the Genus Nodonota Lef&vre

I. Sides of pronotum broadly and strongly rounded

near base, meeting base in a continuous curve;

hind angles not square, but represented by

a setose toothlike projection (Fig. 21) ...... 6

II. Sides of pronotum near base not rounded, extending

nearly straight and parallel from a little

behind middle to base; hind angles nearly

90° (Fig. 2 2 ) ...... 2

2(1'). Clypeus strongly constricted at base (Fig. 8);

widespread in eastern U.S...... clypealis (Horn)

2 1. Clypeus not constricted at base, clypeal side

margins roughly parallel; widespread in eastern

U.S. into Texas and A r i z o n a ...... 3 55

3(2'). Punctures of pronotum, especially at sides,

elongate; interpunctural area strigose,

especially at sides ...... 4

3'. Punctures of pronotum round or oval; inter-

punctural area smooth ...... 5

4(3). Interpunctural areas of frons strigose; sides

of elytra parallel from behind humeri to about

two-thirds their length; color brown; length

3.0 - 3.2 mm; eastern Texas ...... texana (Schaeffer)

4'. Interpunctural areas of frons usually smooth,

strigose nearer eyes; sides of elytra gently

curved from behind humeri; color usually

green; length 3.0 - 4.5 mm; eastern U.S. up

to Rocky Mountains ...... puncticollis (Say)

5(3'). Body deepest just behind base of elytra, declin­

ing rapidly toward apex of elytra, especially

in males; 4.2 - 4.8 mm long; females with

three or more lateral elytral costae; female

brown, male usually blue; Arizona . . . basalis (Jacoby)

Body not exceptionally deep behind base of

elytra; 3.0 - 4.0 mm long; female with at

most two faint elytral costae; color extremely

variable; east coast through Texas and into

Colorado; western forms larger and more shining

.• ...... tristis (Olivier) 56

6(1). Sides of metasteruum coarsely punctate; eastern

U.S convexa (Say)

6'. Sides of metasternum not punctate; eastern

U.S. into T e x a s ...... 7

7(6'). Pronotum and head densely punctate; female never

with distinct elytral costae; northeastern U.S.

west to Dakotas ...... margaretae n. sp.

71. Pronotum and head not densely punctate; female usually with

elytral costae; southeastern Texas ......

...... rotundicollis (Schaeffer)

Nodonota clypealis Horn

(Figs. 8, 19. Map V)

Nodonota clypealis Horn. 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 19:321

(Type locality: here restricted to eastern Pennsylvania)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Clypeus extremely narrowed at apex; posterior angles of pronotum 90°.

DESCRIPTION: Oval; shining; uniformly dark colored, both above and below, including legs, color black to dark brown and blue; antennae, palpi, and distal portions of mandibles red-orange.

Head moderately punctate; punctures small, round, distance 57

between them greater than twice their diameters on vertex, less than

their diameters near eyes. Eyes not protruding. Antennal sockets

deeply impressed and close together causing clypeus to be much narrowed at its apex. Clypeus triangular, moderately punctate.

Pronotum nearly as wide as bases of elytra, becoming narrower

toward the head; anterior and posterior angles prominent; pronotum moderately punctate, distance between punctures about twice their diameters; punctures small, round. Scutellum square anteriorly and narrowing to a rounded point posteriorly. Elytral punctures only a little denser than those of pronotum; irregularly placed except on disc where they show some degree of alignment.

Underside impunctate.

Length 2.9-3.2 mm.

DISCUSSION: This is a very distinct species and varies little.

It belongs to the group of species in which the posterior angles of the pronotum are nearly 90°. It is the only United States

Nodonota with the clypeus pinched together at its apex.

BIOLOGY: Nodonota clypealis has been collected chiefly in

June, July, and August. Host records include "Ambrosia artemesia- folia," "Ambrosia trifida," Horsebean," "feeding on flowers of chrysanthemums, dahlia, zenias, sunflowers," "flowers of wild hydrangia," and "clover." The species may not be confined to one host plant, but the ragweeds (Ambrosia spp.) account for the majority of records.

It is most often taken sweeping. 58

TYPE MATERIAL: Horn mentions specimens from "eastern Pennsylvania,

North Carolina, and Texas" in the original description. There are

five specimens in the Horn collection at the Academy of Natural

Sciences in Philadelphia. One of these, a male, is labeled "Pen,"

"N. clypealis Horn," "lectotype no. 3786." The other four are

labeled as paratypes with the same number. One is from "Tex.," one

from "N. C.," and two from "Pen." I do not know who chose this

lectotype, but these five specimens apparently represent Horn's

syntype series. This lectotype designation is accepted on the basis

of the original description. The lectotype is 3.2 mm long, 2.1 mm wide at the humeri, and has all legs and antennae intact.

DISTRIBUTION: The northern limits of N_. clypealis appear to

coincide roughly with the southern limits of the Wisconsin glaciation.

A specimen labeled "Medicine Hat, Alberta" is definitely N^. clypealis;

it may be mislabeled or introduced as it is doubtful that the species extends that far north.

ALABAMA (16) IV, V, VI, VII. Calhoun Co.: Oxford. Mobile Co.:

Mobile. Covington Co.: Florala. Madison Co.: Huntsville. Marshall

Co.: Guntersville. Jefferson Co.: Birmingham.

ARKANSAS (29) V, VI, VII. Hempstead Co.: Hope. Crawford Co.:

Mt. Gayler. White C o .: Bradford. Pulaski Co.: Little Rock. Benton

Co.: Siloam Springs Pk., Rogers.

DELAWARE (1) VIII. New Castle Co.: Townsend.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (33) V, VI, VII. Chain Bridge, Rock Creek, 59

.Pimmit Run, Washington.

FLORIDA (1) V. Gadsden Co.: Quincy.

GEORGIA (38) V, VI, VII, VIII. Madison Co. Bibb Co.: Macon.

Towns Co.: Hiawassee. Rabun Co.: Pine Mt. Chatham Co.; Tybee Is.,

Savannah, Thunderbolt. Fulton Co.: Atlanta. Gilmer Co.: Ellifay.

Tift Co.: Tifton. White Co.: Cleveland.

ILLINOIS (263) VI, VII, VIII, IX. St. Clair Co. Jackson Co.;

Carbondale, Grand Tower. Pike Co.; Florence, Perry. Pulaski Co.;

Villa Ridge, Grand Chain, Pulaski. Vermilion Co.: Kickapoo St. Pk.,

Muncie. Union C o .: Wolf Lake, Ware, LaRue, Cobden, Lickcreelc, Anna,

Alto Pass. Champaign Co.; 3 mi. SW Champaign, 1 mi. S. and 2 mi.

W Champaign on Embarass River. Randolph Co.: Ft. Kaskaskia St. Pk.

Wabash Co.: Mt. Carmel. Johnson Co.; Parker. Edgar Co.: Paris.

Clark Co.; Clarksville, Dolson. Cumberland Co.; Roslyn, Toledo.

Washington Co.; Dubois, Ashley. Pope Co.: Golconda. Edwards Co.;

Ellery. Hardin Co.: Eichron, Elizabethtown. Massac Co.: Metro­ polis. Gallatin Co.: Equality. Fayette Co.: LaClede, Vandalia.

Marion C o .: Alma, Sandoval, Iuka, Kinmundy. Clinton Co.: Carlyle.

Bond Co.: Greenville. Alexander Co.: Horseshoe Lake. Franklin Co.:

Ziegler, Sesser. White Co.; Enfield. Carroll Co.: Palisades St. Pk.

Not placed to County: Glendon Park.

INDIANA (35) VI, VII, VIII. Knox Co.: Vincennes. Morgan Co.:

Martinsville. Posey Co. Putnam Co. Marshall Co. Clark Co.

Hamilton Co.

KANSAS (3) VI. Wyandotte Co.: Argentine. Shawnee Co.: Topeka. 60

KENTUCKY (4) VII, VIII. Cambell Co. Breathitt Co.: Quicksand Mills.

Owen Co.: Canby.

LOUISIANA (24) V, VI, VII. Orleans P .; New Orleans. Concordia P.;

Vidalia. Desoto P.: Logansport. Madison P.; Mound. St_. Mary's P.:

10 mi W Morgan City. Jefferson P.: Harahan.

MARYLAND (143) V, VI, VII, VIII. Frederick Co. Montgomery Co.;

2 mi E Silver Spring, Kensington, Great Falls, Plummers Is., Foresit

Glen, Glen Echo, Cabin John. Prince Georges C o .: Lakeland, Belts- ville, Chevy Chase, Riverdale, Hyattsville. Calvert Co.: Chesa­ peake Beach. Baltimore Co.: Baltimore, Brookland. Howard Co.;

Jessups. Charles Co.: Glymont, Marshall Hall. Anne Arundel Co.;

Odenton. Not placed to County: Seven Locks.

MICHIGAN (2). No further data.

MISSISSIPPI (45) V, VI, VII. Grenada Co. Lincoln Co.: 1 mi. SW

Brookhaven. George Co.: Lucedale. Itawamba Co.: Raraavis. Perry

Co.: Richton. Oktibbeha C o .: Starkville.

MISSOURI (17) VI, VII. Linn Co.: Brookfield. St. Louis Co.:

Webster Groves. Pulaski Co.: Crocker. Buchanan Co.: St. Joseph.

Boone C o .: Columbia.

NEW JERSEY (14) VI, VII, VIII. Bergen Co.: Little Ferry, Closter.

Cumberland Co.: Millville. Warren Co.: Phillipsburg. Camden Co.

Salem Co.

NEW YORK (10) V, VIII. Westchester Co.: New Rochelle. New York

City: Staten Is., Flushing. 61

NORTH CAROLINA (200) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Davidson Co.: Lexington.

Alleghany Co.; Roaring River, Blue Ridge. Jackson Co.: Glenville.

Guilford Co.; Greensboro. Swain Co.: Bryson City, Bushnell. Madison

Co.: Hot Springs. Buncombe Co.: 20 mi. E Asheville, Black Mts.,

Valley of Black Mts., Swannanoa Valley. Transylvania Co.: Looking

Glass Peak, Lake Toxaway. Macon Co.: Highlands. Avery Co.: Cran­ berry. Wilkes C o .: Doughton Pk. Haywood Co.: Smokemont. Rowan Co.:

Salisbury. Moore Co.: Southern Pines. Duplin C o .: Teacheys.

Wake Co.: Raleigh. Carteret Co.: Beaufort. Robeson Co.: Red

Springs. Not located to County: Great Smoky Mts. Nat'l Pk., Kawana.

OHIO (10) VII, VIII, IX. Portage Co.: Kent. Hocking Co. Seneca C o .

Muskingum Co. Guernsey Co.

OKLAHOMA (13) VI, VII. Delaware Co.: Newport. Mayes Co.: Locust

Grove. Muskogee Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (159) VI, VII, VIII. Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg, Aspin- wall. Delaware Co.: Darby, Lester, Moores. Philadelphia Co.:

Philadelphia, Norwood. Northampton Co.: Easton. Montgomery Co.:

Bryn Mawr. Center Co.: Phillipsburg. Indiana Co.: Angora. Berks

Co.: Reading, Wyomissing. Dauphin Co.: Harrisburg. Northumber1and

Co.: Northumberland.

SOUTH CAROLINA (20) VI. Greenwood Co.: Ware Shoals. Kershaw Co.:

Camden. Oconee Co.: Mountain Rest. Charleston Co.: Charleston.

TENNESSEE (16) VI, VII. Smith C o .: Carthage, Elmwood. Servier Co.:

Smokies Chimneys. Washington Co.: Johnson City. Montgomery Co.:

Clarkesville. Cumberland Co.: Black Mt. Carter Co.: Crabtree. TEXAS (7) V, VI, VII. Harrison C o .: Marshall. Fannin Co.: Bonham.

Sherman Co.: Denison. Fort Bend C o .: Sugarland.

VIRGINIA (61) VI, VII, VIII. Nelson Co. Alexandria Co.: Arlington,

Rosslyn. Fairfax Co.: Great Falls, Glencarlyn, Vienna. Scott Co.:

Gate City. Albemarle Co.: Ivy. Princess Anne C o .: Virginia Beach.

Norfolk Co.: Norfolk. Loudoun Co.: Leesburg. Carrol Co.; Piper's

Gap. Amherst Co.: 14 mi. NE Buena Vista. Spotsylvania C o .:

Fredericksburg. Nansemond Co.: Suffolk. King Georges Co.: Mathias

Pt. Not placed to County: Buffalo Cr.

WEST VIRGINIA (11) VII, VIII. Preston Co.: Aurora. Greenbrier Co.:

White Sulphur Springs. Marion Co.: Fairmont.

LOCALITIES NOT MAPPED (5). Mon.; Pa. Sta. Col. Lab. Bustleton.

DOUBTFUL LOCALITY (1). Medicine Hat, Alta.

NO LOCALITY DATA (22). 63

Nodonota puncticollis (Say)

(Figs. 22, 33. Map VI)

Colaspis puncticollis Say. 1824, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,

p. 444 (Descrip., type locality "Missouri").

Nodonota puncticollis (Say), Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc., 19:231 (Key), 232 (Descrip.).

Colaspis humeralis LeConte. 1858, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila­

delphia, p. 85 (Descrip., type locality: "Texas"). -----

Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:232 (Syn. of

puncticollis).

Noda strigicollis Lef&vre, 1875, Rev. Mag. Zool., 3:112. (Type locality:

"Maryland"). — Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 19:232

(Syn. of puncticollis).

Gastroidea aenea Melsheimer, 1847, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila­

delphia, 3:175 (type locality: "Pennsylvania"). ----- Schaeffer,

1928, Can. Entom., 60:45 (Syn. of puncticollis) .

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Usually green color; strigosely sculptured pronotum.

DESCRIPTION: Oval to elongate oval; color dark blue and brown to green, green predominating; underside usually black or dark brown; legs black to red-orange; antennae, palps, and mouthparts red-orange.

Head moderately punctate; punctures elongate, distance between them about equal to their length, denser near occiput. Clypeus with sides curving together from base above labrum to between eyes; punctures round, larger than those on vertex.

Pronotum almost as wide basally as base of elytra, widest at middle, about as wide anteriorly as posteriorly; punctures dense, less than their length apart, elongate; the interpunctural areas strigose, especially at sides; anterior and posterior angles pro­ minent, about 90°. Scutellum subtriangular, sides curved to form rounded point posteriorly. Punctures of elytra round, twice as large as those of pronotum, dense, distance between them less than their diameter, irregularly placed. Humeri prominent,especially in females.

Underside impunctate; thoracic and first abdominal sterna strigosely sculptured.

Females with two faint elytral costae extending from the humeri.

Length 3.0-4.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: Nodonota puncticollis belongs to the group of species having the posterior angles of the pronotum 90°. Its strigosely sculptured pronotum and usually green color distinguish it from other Nodonota.

BIOLOGY: Adults are most often collected in June and July.

Host records include: "on Alnus," "feeding on rose," "feeding on flowers of red clover," "rose, peonies, hibiscus," "on blackberry,

"on alsike clover," "on Rosa," "Ceanothus," "Alnus incana,"

"beaten from Chestnut," "on Amorpha canescens," "on Salix." 65

Records from rose predominate with Alnus spp. second.

TYPE MATERIAL: Say's type is destroyed. The type locality is

"Missouri". A specimen from Iowa City, Iowa, collected by Wickham on July 5 is designated neotype. It is a female and will be depos­ ited in The United States National Museum. It is 4.1 mm long and

2.3 mm wide at the humeri, and is a dark dull green color.

Four specimens of Gastroidea aenea Melsheiraer seen in the Mel-

Sheimer collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology are females of B>. puncticollis. All four specimens are labeled "Melsh" and one is also labeled "aenea Melsh" and has a piece of red paper roughly

torn on the pin below the labels. These specimens are probably from the type series.

The holotype of Colaspis humeralis LeConte in the LeConte collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology was also seen. It is type number 4321, a female, and is li. puncticollis. It has a red paper circle mounted on the pin along with the label

"C. humeralis Lee. Raid."

DISTRIBUTION: Nodonota puncticollis is found across the northern United States and southern Canada. It extends as far south as Colorado, Arkansas, and Georgia at higher elevations.

Single specimens have also been collected in Florida, California,

Texas, and Arizona. 66

ARKANSAS (3) V, VI. Logan Co.; Mt. Magazine. Garland Co.: Hot

Springs.

ARIZONA (2). No further data.

CALIFORNIA (1). No further data.

COLORADO (29) VI, VII. Jefferson Co.: Plainview. El Paso Co.;

Colorado Springs. Archuleta Co.; Pagosa Springs. Las Animas Co.;

Starkville. Not placed to County: Regnier.

CONNECTICUT (26) V, VI, VII. Litchfield C o .: Cornwall, Kent,

Litchfield, Goshen. Hartford C o .: New Britain. New Haven Co.:

Hamden.

DELAWARE (2) V, VI. New Castle Co.: Newark, Wilmington.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (30) V, VI. Washington.

FLORIDA (1). No further data.

GEORGIA (7) IV. Tift Co.: Tifton.

ILLINOIS (44) V, VI, VII, IX. Jersey Co.: Richwood. Johnson Co.:

Parker, Vienna. McLean Co.: Normal. Knox Co.: Galesburg.

McHenry Co.: Algonquin. Pope Co.: Golconda, Herod. Bureau Co.:

Milo. Iroquois Co.: Watseka. Hardin Co.: Elizabethtown. Cook Co.:

Orland Park, Palos Park, Edgebrook. LaSalle C o .: Oglesby. Monroe Co.:

Valmeyer. Marion Co.: Iuka. Clark Co.: Clarksville. Greene Co.:

Eldred. Vermilion Co.

INDIANA (5) V, VI, VIII. Crawford Co. " Jefferson Co. Steuben Co.

IOWA (94) VI. Howard Co.: Elma. Johnson C o .: Iowa City. Story C o .:

Ames. Dickinson Co.: Lake Okoboji. Crawford Co.: Denison

Benton Co. 67

KANSAS (6) VI. Wyandotte Co.; Kansas City. Pottawatomie C o .: Onaga.

KENTUCKY (2). Not placed to County: Madison

MAINE (41) VI, VII, VIII. Androscoggin Co.: Wales. Oxford Co.: Paris.

Penobscot Co.: Brewer. Kennebec Co.: Monmouth. Sagadahoc C o .:

Christmas Cove. York Co.: Old Orchard. Franklin Co.: Weld. Lincoln

Co. Not placed to County: Mt. Apatite.

MARYLAND (84) V, VI, VIII. Anne Arundel Co.: Odenton. Baltimore Co.:

Baltimore, 5 mi. S. Arcadia. Prince Georges Co.: Riverdale, Branch- ville. Charles Co.: Glymont. Cecil Co.: Perryville; Montgomery Co.:

Kensington, Glen Echo. Plummers Is., Cabin John. Washington C o .:

Hagerstown. Frederick Co.

MASSACHUSETTS (95) VI, VII, VIII. Essex Co.: Ipswich, Essex.

Berkshire Co.: Mt. Washington, Florida, Tyringham, North Adams.

Suffolk Co.: Boston, Dorchester, Brookline, West Roxbury. Worcester

Co.: Princeton, Northboro, New Braintree, Fitchburg, Berlin.

Bristol Co.: Dartmouth. Hampshire Co.: Northampton. Hampden Co.:

Springfield, Mt. Tom.

MINNESOTA (1) VII. Ramsey Co.: St. Anthony Pk.

NEBRASKA (4) VI. Lancaster Co.: Malcolm. Seward Co.: Seward.

NEW HAMPSHIRE (12) VI, VII. Grafton Co.: Franconia, Mt. Moosilaukee.

Stafford Co.: Milton. Not placed to County: Little Is. Pond.

NEW JERSEY (52) VI, VII. Bergen Co.: Oak Ridge, Haddon Heights,

Ridgewood, Fort Lee, Ramsey, Paterson. Morris Co.: Towaco, Chester,

Millington, Boonton. Union Co.: Scotch Plains. Middlesex Co.:

Plainfield, New Brunswick. 68

NEW YORK (451) V, VI, VII. Washington Co.: Salem, Putnam, Whitehall.

Erie Co.: East Aurora, Buffalo, 18 Mile Creek. Suffolk Co.: Wildwood

St. Pk., Southold, Wyandanch. Scholharie Co.: Slaansville. Niagara

Co.: Olcott. Orleans C o .: Medina, Barre. Clinton Co.: Peru.

Franklin Co.: Hogansburg. Nassau Co.: Mineola, Farmingdale, New

Hyde Park, Sea Cliff. Duchess Co.: Poughkeepsie, Staatsburg, Hyde

Park, LaGrangeville, Fishkill. Nev. York City: Staten Is., Jamaica,

Central Park, Brooklyn. Columbia Co.; Austerlitz, North Chatham.

Ulster Co.: Wallkill. Westchester Co.: North Castle, Yonkers, Mosholu,

Peelcskill, Mt. Kisco, Bronxville, Crugers. St.- Lawrence Co.;

Massena. Albany Co.; Rensselearsville, Albany, Slingerland.

Orange Co.: West Point, Warwick. Putnam Co.: Patterson. Rensselaer

Co.: Petersburg, Nassau, Shodack Landing. Herkimer C o .: Newport.

Wyoming Co.: Pike. Schenectady Co.: Schenectady. Oneida Co.:

Kenwood. Essex Co.: Elizabethtovm. Monroe Co.: Rochester. Not

placed to County: Mutteskill.

NORTH CAROLINA (35) V, VI, VII. Rockingham Co.: Nance. Buncombe

Co.: Black Mts., Valley of Black Mts., Swannanoa Valley. Haywood C o .:

Western. Swain Co.: Lake Junaluska. Not placed to County:

Greybeard.

NORTH DAKOTA (12) VI, VII. Cass Co.: Tower City, Fargo. Grand

Forks Co.: University.

OHIO (21) V, VI, VII, IX. Portage Co.: Kent. Washington Co.:

Marietta. Scioto Co.: Shawnee Forest. Highland Co. Ashland Co.

Hocking Co. Green Co. 69

PENNSYLVANIA (74) V, VI. Bradford Co.: Wilawana. Philadelphia Co.:

Norwood, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia. Chester Co.; Chatham. York Co.;

Hanover, Eberly's Mill. Adams Co.: Arendtsville. Cumberland Co.;

Carlisle. Delaware Co.: Swarthmore. Allegheny Co.

SOUTH DAKOTA (23) VI. Brookings Co.: Brookings.

TEXAS (2). No further data.

VERMONT (21) VII. Windham Co.: Brattleboro, East Putney. Windsor

Co.; Ascutney, Quechee.

VIRGINIA (137) V, VI, VII. Fauquier Co.: South Middleburg.

Alleghany Co.: Covington. Alexandria Co.; Falls Church, Rosslyn,

Alexandria. Fairfax Co.: Grange Camp, Glencarlyn, Vienna.

Louisa Co.: Cuckoo. Loudoun Co.: Middleburg. Shenandoah Co.:

Woodstock. Albermarle Co.: Warren. Page Co.: Slcyland. Warren Co.:

Strasburg. Southampton Co.: Boykins. Nansemond Co.: Suffolk.

WEST VIRGINIA (4) VII, VIII. Hampshire Co.: Levels. Jefferson C o .:

Charlestown. Greenup Co.: White Sulphur Springs. Pendleton Co.:

Smoke Hole.

WISCONSIN (1). No further data.

WYOMING (4) VI, VII. Platte Co.; Chugwater. Albany Co.:

Esterbrook.

ALBERTA (55) VI, VII. Edmonton. Irvine. Lethbridge, Oldman

River. Coutts. Red Deer. Medicine Hat. Tweed.

MANITOBA (19) VI, VII. Boissevain. Virden. Millwood. Turtle Mt.

Roblin. Winnepeg. Shellmouth.

ONTARIO (47) VI, VII. St. Thomas. Simcoe. New Sarum. Little 70

Current. Port Burwell. Ancaster. Toronto. Marmora. Grand Bend.

Cayuga. Wagersville.

QUEBEC (7) VII. Montreal. St. Hilaire. Chambly Co. Rouville Co.

SASKATCHEWAN (20) VI, VIII. Saskatoon. St. Victor. Lumsden. Ester- hazy. Estevan.

LOCALITIES NOT MAPPED (23). Phillips. Mon. Lake House. Camden.

Carsielere. Streetsburg. S H.

NO LOCALITY DATA (9).

1499

Nodonota basalis (Jacoby)

(Fig. 34. Map VII)

Noda basalis Jacoby, 1890, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., 6(1):197

(Descrip., type locality: here restricted to "Ventanas in

Durango" Mexico).

Nodonota basalis (Jacoby), White, 1941, Bull Brooklyn Entomol.

Soc., 36:164 (Key).

Nodonota arizonica Schaeffer, 1906, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts Sci.,

Sci. Bull., 1:238 (Descrip., type locality "Douglas, Arizona")

p. 239 (Key). ----- Schaeffer, 1933, J. New York Entomol. Soc.

41:464 (Syn. of basalis). 71

Nodonota parkerl White, 1941, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 36:162

(Descrip., type locality: "Patagonia, Arizona"), 164 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Females with three or more elytral costae.

DESCRIPTION: Rounded, robust; dark colored both above and below, including legs; males usually blue, females brown; antennae and

palpi red-orange; hump-baclced, with the greatest body thickness occurring just behind the elytral bases.

Head moderately punctate, distance between puncture greater than

their diameters. Eyes protruding. Clypeus punctured as rest of head, trapezoidal in shape, with sides parallel near labrum and curving together between eyes. Antennal sockets widely separated.

Pronotum posteriorly almost as wide as base of elytra, only slight­ ly less wide anteriorly; anterior and posterior angles prominent, about 90°; punctures small, oval, distance between them one to two

times their diameters. Scutellum square anteriorly, sides curving gently to a rounded point posteriorly. Elytral punctures two to

three times as large as those of pronotum, closer together, and arranged in poorly defined rows, especially in females.

Underside impunctate. Thoracic and first abdominal sterna strigosely sculptured.

Legs increasingly lighter in color distally.

Length 4.2-4.8 mm. 72

DISCUSSION: Males are smaller than females and have no elytral

costae. Their body is deepest about half way between the bases and

the tips of elytra and slopes rapidly to the tips of elytra. Females have three or usually more elytral costae which arise from behind the prominent humeri.

This is the largest and most robust United States species. It

is the only one in which the females always have three or more distinct elytral costae, and the only one found in southern Arizona.

BIOLOGY: Adults of Nodonota basalis have been collected in late

July and August. They have been recorded from "mesquite," "ragweed

foliage," and "feeding on Ambrosia confertiflora."

TYPE MATERIAL: In the original description Jacoby mentions specimens from "Ventanas in Durango" and "Presidio." A specimen labeled "Syntype," "Ventanas, Mex., 2000 ft. Forrer," "B.C.A. 197.18A,"

"Noda basalis 18A" is designated lectotype. This specimen is from

the Jacoby material in the British Museum of Natural History. It is a female, and is in fairly good condition with only the left meta- thoracic leg missing. It has three elytral costae which are not very prominent; they extend about one-third to one-half the length of the elytra. A single paralectotype is also in the British

Museum. It is a female labeled "Syntype," "Presidio, Mexico.

Forrer," "B.C.A. 197.18A," "Nodonota basalis Jac." Two female specimens are in the Bowditch Collection at the Museum of Compara­ tive Zoology. One has no locality label, the other is labeled 73

"Ventanas, Durango Hoge," "Jacoby 2nd Collection," "Type 9430,"

"Nodonota basalis Jac." This second specimen may be a part of the original syntype series.

A paratype of Nodonota arizonica Schaeffer labeled "San

Bernadino Ranch, Cochise Co., Ariz., 3750 ft., Aug., F. H. Snow,"

"20," "arlzonicus Paratype USNM 43215 Sff 06." was studied. It is female, definitely _B. basalis. and is in the United States National

Museum collection. It is 4.8 mm long, 3.0 mm wide at the humeri, and brown in color. This was the only paratype mentioned by

Schaeffer. The holotype was not seen.

Four paratypes of Nodonota parkeri White labeled "Patagonia,

Arizona, VIII - 14-1935," "F. H. Parker Collector," "B. E. White

Collection," "Paratype Nodonota parkeri B. E. White" were seen.

Three of these are in the California Academy of Sciences collection, and the other is in the University of California at Berkeley col­ lection. All four are males of B_. basalis.

DISTRIBUTION: Nodonota basalis is found only in southern

Arizona in the United States. It ranges south into Mexico.

ARIZONA (110) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Santa Cruz Co.: Tumacacori Nat’l

Mon., Patagonia Mts., Santa Cruz Valley, Patagonia, 2 mi. SW

Patagonia, Betw. Harshaw and Patagonia, 20 mi N Nogales, Nogales.

Cochise C o .: San Bernadino Ranch, 17 mi. E. Douglas, Douglas,

Cascabel. Pima Co.: Tucson, St. Xavier Mission, Suhuarita, 8 mi.

E San Vicente.

110 74

Nodonota trlstis (Olivier)

(Fig. 35. Map VIII)

Colaspis tristis Olivier. 1808, Entomol. ...Coleop., 6:889

(Descrip., type locality: probably Carolina, collected by Bose).

Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 45

(Descrip., Syn.).

Nodonota tristis (Olivier), Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):166 ----- Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer.

Entomol. Soc., 19:231 (Descrip., Key).

Colaspis ovata Say, 1824, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 442.

Descrip., type locality: "United States"). ----- Clavereau,

1914, Coleop. Cat., Eumolpinae, 24(59):15 (Syn. of tristis)

Colaspis pilula Germar, 1824, Insectorum species novae..., p. 567

(Descrip., type locality: "America Septentrionale"). -----

Horn, 1892. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:231 (Syn. of

tristis).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Pronotum not strigose; no elytral costae; posterior pronotal angles about 90°.

DESCRIPTION: Oval; robust; variously colored above, ranging from black and brown to blue and green; underside black or dark brown; legs vary from black to red-orange; antennae, especially at base, and usually mouthparts red-orange, often darker.

Head sparsely punctate; punctures small, round, separated by two or more times their diameters, Clypeus sparsely punctate; 75

triangular, side margins angled toward center of frons. Antennal

sockets widely separated. Eyes not especially protruding.

Pronotum moderately punctate; punctures elongate, especailly

at sides, separated by one to two times their length on disc,

closer at sides; lateral margins gently curved, widest in middle;

anterior and posterior angles well defined; width about that of

bases of elytra. Scutellum subtriangular, sides curved to a rounded

point posteriorly. Elytral punctures twice as large as those of

pronotum, round, irregularly placed. Humeri prominent; faint traces

of costae extending from humeri occasionally present.

Underside impunctate; pro- and mesosterna roughly sculptured.

Length 3.0-4.1 mm.

DISCUSSION: A larger form is often collected in Western Texas and north to Colorado and Dakota. This form differs in having

the punctures of the head larger, the anterior and posterior angles

of the pronotum sharper and more prominent, and the elytral costae

almost always present in females. Some specimens, particularly

from the Chisos Mts. area,have the pronotum extremely shiny and

its punctures smaller, rounder, and more widely spaced than in eastern forms. These western forms are usually dark shining green •

in color. I have hesitated to describe them as new because all

stages of variation between the two extremes are common in Texas and other Plains states.

BIOLOGY; Nodonota tristis adults are collected primarily 76

in June, July, and August. They have been recorded from "Gaillardia puchella," "Bloodweed," "Helianthus vigidus," "peach and plum,"

"Chrysanthemum parthenium," "on cotton," "in copulo on Callirrhoe involucrata," "Ambrosia psilostachya," "on Celtis," "on live oak,"

'.'Quercus," "beating acacia," "Prosomia sp.," "on Opuntia,"

"blackberry," "Gleditsia triacanthos," "Salix sp.," "Ceanothus."

A series was collected "on pecan leaves" by B. G. Sitton in

Louisiana. A large series was taken from Prunus angustifolia and

IL* americana by W. F. Turner in Georgia and Tennessee. Obviously, much needs to be done to determine which, if any, of the above are suitable host plants.

TYPE MATERIAL: Olivier's type is probably lost. It is not in the Paris Museum according to Mile. Berti (in litt.). If it can be definitely determined that the type specimen is destroyed, a neotype should be designated.

DISTRIBUTION: N_. tristis is generally found south of the southern limits of the Wisconsin glaciation.

ALABAMA (15) VI, VII. Calhoun Co.: Oxford. Limestone Co.

Madison Co.

ARIZONA (1). Gila Co.: Sierra Ancha Mts.

ARKANSAS (35) VI, VII, IX. Pulaski C o .: Little Rock. Hempstead C o .:

Hope. Garland Co.: Lake Hamilton. Benton Co.: Rogers. Washington

Co.: Fayetteville. Lee Co. Lincoln Co.

CALIFORNIA (3). No further data. 77

COLORADO (53) IV, VI, VII. El^Paso Co.: Colorado Springs, Garden of the Gods, Manitau Springs, West Fountain. Las Animas C o .:

Starkville. Larimer Co.: Fort Collins Gilpin Co.: Tolland. Arapahoe

Co.: Peoria. Boulder Co.: Boulder, Longs Peak Inn. Jefferson Co.:

Golden. Clear Creek C o . Not placed to County: Dixon Canyon.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (6) VII. Washington, Brookland, Pimmit Run.

GEORGIA (38) VI, VII. Habersham Co.: Mt. Airy, Sandy Springs.

Bibb Co.: Macon. Rabun Co.: Satolah, Clayton. Pickens Co.: 3.5 mi. N Jasper. Harris Co.: Hamilton. Peach Co.: 2.5 mi. NE Fort

Valley. Twiggs Co. Cobb Co. Fannin Co. Dougherty Co.

ILLINOIS (210) V, VI, VII, VIII. Sangamon Co.: Springfield.

Pulaski Co.: Villa Ridge, Pulaski, Ullin. Wabash Co.: Mt. Carmel.

Gallatin Co.: Shawneetown, Equality. Vermilion Co.: Oakwood.

Champaign Co.: Urbana, Champaign. Madison Co.: Edwardsville,

Collinsville. Morgan Co.: Meredosia. Logan Co.: San Jose. McHenry

Co.: Algonquin. Washington Co.: Ashley, Dubois. Fayette Co.:

Vandalia, LaClede, Farina. Williamson C o .: Dale, Bush, Energy.

Jackson C o .: Carbondale, Grand Tower, Giant City St. Pk. Union C o .:

Anna, Dug Hill, Cobden. Pope Co.: Herod, Golconda. Cass Co.:

Beardstown, Philadelphia, Bluffsprings. Mason Co.: Mason City,

Matanzas Lake. Hardin Co.: Rosiclare, Elizabethtown. Adams Co.:

Quincy, Payson, Ursa. Christian Co.: Pana. Clark Co.: West Union,

Clarksville. Piatt Co.: Monticello. Wayne Co.: Fairfield. Alexander

Co.: Horseshoe Lake. Calhoun Co.: Hamburg. Green Co.: Roodhouse.

McLean Co.: Normal. Peoria Co.: Peoria. Johnson Co.: Parker. 78

Cumberland C o .: Toledo, Embarass River in Greenup. Pike Co.: Pike,

Pittsfield, Florence. Marion Co.: Sandoval, Salem. Randolph Co.:

Sparta. St. Clair Co. Not placed to County: Salts, Bridgewater.

INDIANA (14) IV, VI, VII. Knox Co.: Vincennes. Benton Co.: Boswell.

Hamilton Co. Posey Co.

IOWA (4) VI, VII. Wapello C o .: Ottumwa. Pottawattamie C o .: Council

Bluffs. Adair Co.

KANSAS (13) V, VI. Pottawatomie Co.: Onaga. Cheyenne Co.: St.

Francis. Wyandotte Co.: Argentine. Edwards Co.: Nettleton. Gove Co.

KENTUCKY (4) VI, VIII. Rockcastle Co.: Livingston. Union Co.:

Dam #50 near Caseyville. Ballard Co.: Wickliffe. Henderson Co.:

Henderson.

LOUISIANA (72) V, VI, VII, VIII. Caddo. P..: Shreveport. S t . Landry

P^.: Opelousas. Madison P.: Tallulah. Delta, Mound. Ascension P.:

Orange. De Soto P .: Mansfield, Logansport. Sabine P .: Many.

MARYLAND (30) VI, VII. Baltimore Co.: Baltimore. Montgomery Co.:

Glen Echo, Great Falls. Prince Georges Co.: Beltsville, Lakeland.

Anne Arundel Co.: Odenton. Frederick Co.

MISSISSIPPI (32) V, VI. Adams Co.: Natchez. Lee. Co.: Tupelo.

Warren Co.: Vicksburg. Oktibbeha Co.: Starkville. Tishomingo Co.

Grenada Co..

MISSOURI (60) VI, VII, IX. St.. Louis Co.: St. Louis, Howard Bend,

Webster Groves. Clinton Co.: Cameron. Howell C o .: Big Spring St.

Pk. Barry Co.: Roaring River St. Pk. Buchanan Co.: Mo-Kan Bridge.

NEBRASKA (11) VI. Sioux Co.: War Bonnet Canyon, Monroe Canyon. 79

Thomas Co.; Halsey Forest Res. Lancaster Co.: Malcolm. Harlan Co.:

Ragan.

NEW JERSEY (6) VII. Cape May Co.: Angelsea. Warren Co.: Phillips- burg.

NEW MEXICO (25) III, VI, VII. San Miguel Co.; Las Vegas. Torrance

Co.; Estancia. Colfax Co.: Maxwell. Dona Ana Co.; Rincan.

NEW YORK (2) VII. Westchester Co.; New Rochelle. New York City;

Inwood Park.

NORTH CAROLINA (58) VI, VII, VIII. Macon Co.: Franklin. Rockingham

Co.: Nance. Rowan Co.; Salisbury. Orange Co.: Chapelhi11.

Buncombe Co.; Black Mts., Valley of Black Mts., Swannanoa Valley.

Moore Co.: Southern Pines. Haywood Co.; Retreat.

OHIO (24) VI, VII, VIII. Franklin Co.: Columbus. Hocking C o .;

Cantwell Cliffs. Wayne Co. Greene Co. Seneca Co. Clermont Co.

OKLAHOMA (29) V, VI. Comanche Co.: Wichita Mts., Lawton. Grant Co.:

Medford. Cleveland Co.: Norman. Okmulgee Co.: Henryetta. Grady Co.:

Chickasha. Craig Co.; Vinita. Pittsburg Co.; McAlester. McCurtain

Co. Muskogee Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (14) VI, VII, VIII. Philadelphia Co.: Mt. Airy, Manayunlc.

Indiana Co.; Angora. Monroe Co.; Delaware Water Gap. Northampton Co.:

Easton. Allegheny Co.: Aspinwall.

SOUTH CAROLINA (27) VI, VII. Dorchester Co.: Pregnall. Oconee Co.;

Mountain Rest, Clemson College. Charleston C o .: Adamsrun. Greenwood

Co.: Ware Shoals. Kershaw C o .: Camden. Not placed to County:

Meredith. 80

SOUTH DAKOTA (1) VII. Pennington Co.: Rapid City.

TENNESSEE (76) V, VI, VII. Davidson Co.; Nashville. Shelby Co.;

Memphis. Polk Co. Weakley Co. Gibson Co. Fayette Co. Cheatham Co.:

Sycamore. Hamilton Co. Warren Co. Roane Co. Carter Co.:

Crabtree.

TEXAS (772) III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX. Bexar Co.: Fort Sam

Houston, Camp Bullis, San Antonio. Brewster Co.: Chisos Basin,

Alpine, Chisos Mts., South Rim of Chisos Mts., Green Gulch, Green

Valley, 9 mi. S Marathon. Kerr Co.: Kerrville. Jeff Davis Co.:

Fort Davis, 10 mi. W Fort Davis, Davis Mts., Nunn Hill, 9 mi. N.W.

Fort Davis, Madera Canyon, 20 mi. W Valentine, McDonald Observatory,

Livermore Peak, White Rock Canyon. Gillespie Co.: Fredericksburg.

Blanco C o .: Davis Ranch, Round Mountain, Blanco. Galveston Co.:

Gilchrist, Dickinson. Dallas Co.: Dallas. Webb Co.: Laredo.

Lee Co.: Fedor. Fort Bend Co.: Richmond. Burleson Co.: 4.5 mi.

E Caldwell. Comal Co.: New Braunfels. Culberson Co.: Van Horn.

Uvalde C o .: Concan, Uvalde, Garner St. Pk., 5 mi. W Uvalde.

Harris Co.: Houston. Medina Co.: Hondo, Castroville. Kleberg Co.:

Kingsville. Llano Co.: Llano. Angelina Co.: Lifkin. Sherman Co.:

Denison. Wharton Co.: Wharton. Liberty Co.: Liberty. Menard Co.:

Menard. Victoria Co.: Victoria. San Patricio Co.: 7 mi. N Sinton.

Grimes Co.: Navasota. Brazos C o .: College Station. Harrison C o .:

Marshall. Liberty C o .: Dayton. Rusk Co.: Tatum. Goliad Co.:

Weser. Travis Co.: Austin. Colorado Co.: Columbus. Jackson Co.:

Edna. Terrell Co: Emerson. Denton Co.: Denton. Robertson C o .:

Calvert. Val Verde Co.: Del Rio. Collin Co.: McKinney. Pecos Co. 81

Waller Co. Coryell Co. Hudspeth Co.; Sierra Blanca. Not placed to County: Vidalia.

VIRGINIA (33) VI, VII, VIII. Fairfax Co.: Glencarlyn, Great Falls.

Nansemond Co.: Suffolk. Louisa Co.: Cuckoo. Nelson Co. Not placed to County: Grassymead, Buffalo Cr., Shenandoah Caverns.

WYOMING (1). No further data.

LOCALITIES NOT MAPPED (3). Kansas and Nebraska, Hertfd. Co., Va.

DOUBTFUL LOCALITY (1) Brandon, Manitoba.

NO LOCALITY DATA (24)

1697

Nodonota convexa (Say)

(Fig. 36. Map IX)

Colaspis convexa Say, 1824, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 443.

(Descrip., type locality: "Missouri").

Nodonota convexa (Say), Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc.,

19:231 (Key), 232 (Descrip.).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTER: Large metasternal punctures; posterior angles of pronotum rounded.

DESCRIPTION: Rounded; robust; uniformly colored, both above and below; color black to brown and dark blue; legs usually lighter than body and occasionally red-orange; antennae, palpi, and mouthparts red-orange. 82

Head moderately punctate, punctures round, separated by about

one to two times their diameter. Eyes protruding. Clypeus punc­

tured as head, trapezoidal with sides nearly parallel near base

and curving together between eyes. Antennal sockets widely

separated.

Pronotum almost as wide posteriorly as base of elytra, widest

at middle with sides curved gently and regularly; punctures round,

dense, separated by less than their diameters; anterior angles

prominent, posterior curved, angles represented by a setose tooth.

Scutellura square anteriorly with sides parallel for one-half their

length, then curved to a rounded point posteriorly. Elytral punc­

tures twice as large as those of pronotum, separated by about

their diameter, round, irregularly placed. Elytra with faint

traces of costae, especially in females; humeri prominent.

Underside impunctate, except sides of metastemum covered with large punctures. Thoracic sterna strigosely sculptured.

Length 3.0-3.6 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species has a fairly wide distribution, although it is not too common in collections. It belongs to the margaretae-rotundicollis group in which the posterior angles of the pronotum are rounded and the angle itself is represented by a

setose tooth. There is little variation in this species.

BIOLOGY: It is collected primarily in June and July, and is

taken most often by sweeping. Host records include: "Solidago," 83

"°n Lepachys.11 and "young corn." A series of specimens from

Chicopee, Mass. was collected by Knab on Solidago.

TYPE MATERIAL: Say's type is destroyed. The type locality is "Missouri." I designate as neotype a specimen collected in

Chatsworth, 111., VI-25-52, by C.V. Reichart. It is a female and will be deposited in The Ohio State University collection. It is

4.0 mm long, 2.9 mm wide and is brown in color.

DISTRIBUTION:

CONNECTICUT (17) VI, VII. Litchfield Co.: Canaan, Cornwall, Kent.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (9) VII. Washington.

ILLINOIS (62) VI, VII, VIII. LaSalle Co.: Utica. Champaign Co.:

Champaign, Seymour, Urbana. Vermilion Co.: Oakwood. Coles Co.:

Charlestown. Livingston Co.: Chatsworth. Piatt Co.: Cisco, White

Heath. Macon C o .: Decatur. Jo_ Daviess C o .: Galena. Knox C o .:

Galesburg. Cass Co.: Beardstown. Kankakee Co.: Kankakee. Wabash

Co.: Mt. Carmel. Gallatin Co.: Shawneetown. Peoria Co.: Pottstown.

Putnam C o . Not placed to County: Salts.

INDIANA (1). Benton Co.: Boswell.

IOWA (4) VI, VII. Howard Co.: Elma. Wapello C o .: Ottumwa. Not placed to County: Iowa Exp. Station.

KANSAS (1) VI. Wyandotte Co.: Kansas City.

MARYLAND (32) VII. Calvert Co.: Chesapeake Beach. Montgomery Co.:

Glen Echo. Prince Georges Co.: Lakeland.

MASSACHUSETTS (22) VII, VIII. Hampden Co.: Chicopee, West Spring­ field, Westfield, Wilbraham. Hampshire Co.: South Amherst. 84

Berkshire Co.: Monterey. Franklin Co.; Northfield.

NEBRASKA (1). Fillmore Co.

NEW JERSEY (1). No further data.

NEW YORK (9) VI, VII. Albany Co.: Karner, Albany, Menands.

NORTH CAROLINA (2) VI. Avery Co.: Cranberry.

OHIO (7) VI, VII. Erie Co.: Sandusky, Castalia. Franklin Co.

Muskingum Co.

OKLAHOMA (1) VI. Craig Co.; Centralia.

PENNSYLVANIA (11) VII. Allegheny Co.; Pittsburg. Center Co.:

Phillipsburg. Monroe Co.; Delaware Water Gap.

SOUTH DAKOTA (1). Brookings Co.; Volga.

VERMONT (1) VII. Windsor Co.: Springfield.

VIRGINIA (4) V, VI. Fairfax Co.: Great Falls. Stafford Co.: Aquia

Creek. Nelson C o .

NO LOCALITY DATA (3).

189 85

Nodonota margaretae, New Species

(Figs. 21, 37. Map X)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Posterior angles of pronotum rounded, represented by a setose tooth; metasternum impunctate; head and pronotum moderately densely punctate, not strigose.

DESCRIPTION: Robust; dark colored; black, blue, or brown above; black or dark brown below; antennae, mouth parts, and tarsi red-orange.

Head densely punctate; punctures round, small, separated by less than their diameters; clypeal punctures larger than those of frons.

Clypeus with sides parallel near labrum, curving together between eyes. Eyes protruding. Antennal sockets widely separated. Antennae shorter than one-half body length; last five segments thicker and more pubescent than segments one to six.

Pronotum densely punctate; punctures small, round to oval, separated by less than their diameters. Pronotal margins curved; anterior angles prominent; posterior angles rounded, curving into base, represented by a setose tooth. Pronotum about as wide as bases of elytra, widest at middle or just behind; no postocular lobes.

Scutellum subtriangular, sides curved to a rounded point posteriorly.

Elytral punctures tv/ice as large as those of pronotum, round, irregu­ larly placed. Humeri apparent, not prominent. No elytral costae.

Underside impunctate; pro- and mesosterna roughly sculptured.

No apical tibial spurs. Tarsal claws appendiculate.

Length 2.9-3.6 mm. 86

DISCUSSION: Nodonota margaretae can be distinguished from IN.

tristis by the curved posterior angles of its pronotum. These

angles are sharp in IN. tristis, approaching 90°. Specimens of N_.

margaretae from the western edge of the range (Dakotas, Kansas) have

the pronotum more like that of typical IN. tristis, but the punc-

tation of the head and pronotum is usually denser. These specimens

may be hybrids, or the specific characters may break down at the

edge of the range. The pronotal shape does not vary in other areas

of the range.

A specimen in the United States National Museum is given type number 27495 and is named Nodonota curvicollis. It is labeled

"Ithaca, N. Y.," "Chittenden Coll," "d1". There are also five

specimens labeled paratype. The one from "Cyp. Mills, Tex." is

N. tristis. The other four are from "Ithaca," "Montana," and

"Muscatine, Iowa," and are all IN. margaretae. These specimens were apparently named by Chittenden, but the description was never

published.

This species is named for my wife Margaret.

BIOLOGY: The adults occur mainly in June and July. They are

recorded from "Jersey Tea", "native prairie," "Salix," and "black­

berry."

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype (?) "Franklin Co., Ohio, VI-23-67, W. T.

Schultz"; 2 paratypes (?) same data; 1 paratype (

Ohio, VI-8-67, W. T. Schultz"; all in The Ohio State University 87 collection. 1 paratype (c?) "Franklin Co., Ohio, VI-7-67, W. T.

Schultz"; 1 paratype (?) same data as type; both in my collection.

6 paratypes (5^, 1?) "Riverside, 111., VI-30-08," " Geo. M. Green

Coll.," "A. Mares Collector" in the United States National Museum collection. 5 paratypes (lc*', 4?) "Wisconsin: Columbia Co., VI-10-

1930 E. P. Breakey" in the California Academy of Sciences collec­ tion.

The type is 3.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at the humeri, and bronzed in color.

DISTRIBUTION: Nodonota margaretae is a northern species, extending across northeastern United States and southeastern Canada.

It gets as far south as Georgia and Arkansas at higher elevations.

ARKANSAS (1) V. Logan Co.

COLORADO (1). No further data.

CONNECTICUT (1) VII. Litchfield Co.: Litchfield.

GEORGIA (8) V, VII. Rabin Co.: Pine Mt., Rabun Bald. Not placed to County: Tenn. River.

ILLINOIS (218) IV, V, VI, VII, VIII. LaSalle Co.: Utica, Oglesby.

Champaign Co.: Urbana, Glover, Homer. Kane Co.: Elgin. Cook C o .:

Riverside, Palos Park. McLean Co.: Heyworth. Grundy Co.: Morris.

Fayette Co.: Ferina, LaClede. Vermilion Co.: Muncie. Lake Co.:

Fort Sheridan. Effingham Co.: Edgewood. Clark Co.: Clarksville,

Jackson Co.: Giant City St. Pk., Carbondale. Union C o .: Anna,

Cobden. Hardin Co.: Elizabethtown. Carroll Co.: Palisades St. Pk. 88

Lee Co.: Amboy. McHenry Co.: Marengo, Algonquin. Washington Co.:

Dubois. Logan C o .: San Jose. Franklin Co.; Ziegler. Livingston Co.:

Dwight. Pulaski Co.: Pulaski. Coles Co.: Fox Ridge St. Pk. Jo

Daviess Co.; East Dubuque. Calhoun Co.: Hamburg. Cumberland Co.;

Roslyn. Piatt Co.: White Heath. Johnson Co.: Parker. Iroquois Co.;

Hillery, Watseka. Madison C o .: Alton. Not placed to County: Turkey

Run.

INDIANA (32) VI, VIII. Greene Co.: Mineral. Spencer Co. Putnam Co.

Clark Co.

KANSAS (5) VII. Rooks Co.: Stockton. Gove C o .'

KENTUCKY (6). Breathitt Co.: Quicksand Mills. Rowan Co.: Morehead.

Franklin Co.: Frankfort.

MARYLAND (3) VI. Baltimore Co.: Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTS (5) VII, VIII. Hampden Co.: Chicopee. Suffolk Co.:

Forest Hills.

MICHIGAN (17) VII. Livingston Co.: 5 mi. E Brighton. Eaton Co.:

Grand Ledge. Wayne Co.: Detroit. Saginaw Co. Oakland Co. Not placed to County: Ag. Coll.

MINNESOTA (1) VI. Hennepin Co.: Fort Snelling.

NEW JERSEY (6) VI, VII, VIII. Warren Co.: Phillipsburg. Ocean Co.:

High Point. Bergen Co.: Hillsdale, Westwood.

NEW MEXICO (1). No further data.

NEW YORK (32) VI, VII, VIII. Orange Co.: New Windsor, Huguenot.

Clinton Co.: Silver Lake. Tompkins Co .: Ithaca, 6 mi. S. Ithaca.

Cattaraugus Co.: Allegheny St. Pk., Salamanca. Sullivan Co.: Long 89

Eddy, Pond Eddy. Delaware Co.; Hancock. Monroe Co.: Rochester.

Albany Co.: Albany. Schuyler Co.; Watkins Glen. Not placed to County:

Spencer Lake.

NORTH CAROLINA (17) VI, VII. Alleghany Co.: Roaring River, Blue

Ridge. Wake Co.: Raleigh. Swain Co.: Cherokee. Not placed to

County: Great Smoky Mts. Nat'l Pk., Greybeard Mt.

NORTH DAKOTA (3) VI, VII. Ransom Co.: Enderlin. Cass Co.: Kindred.

Grand Forks Co.: University.

OHIO (51) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Lorain Co.: Amherst. Portage Co.:

Kent. Summit Co.: Twinsburg, Ira, Akron. Franklin Co.: Columbus.

Ashland C o .: Ashland. Lawrence Co.: Ironton. Ashtabula C o .:

Geneva. Hocking Co. Lake Co. Scioto Co. Delaware Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (93) VI, VII, VIII. Northampton Co.: Wind Gap.

Monroe C o .: Effort, Cresco, Delaware Water Gap, Pocono Lake, Sciota.

Delaware Co.: Darby. Huntington Co.: Charteroak. Chester Co.:

Chatham. Allegheny Co.: Aspinwall, Pittsburg. Verango Co.:

President. Armstrong Co.: Freeport.

SOUTH DAKOTA (13) VI, VII. Brookings Co.: Brookings. Custer Co.:

Custer St. Pk. Meade C o .: Fort Meade.

TENNESSEE (7) VI. Smith Co.: Elmwood. Davidson Co.: Nashville.

Morgan Co.: Burrville.

UTAH (1). No further data,

VIRGINIA (2). Lee Co.: Pennington Gap.

WEST VIRGINIA (4) VIII. Preston Co.: Aurora. Kanawha Co.: St.

Albans. Not.placed to County: Ft. Pendltn. 90

WISCONSIN (10) VI, VII. Dodge Co.; Beaverdam. Kenosha Co.: Wheat­

land Twp. Columbia C o .

MANITOBA (2) VI. Glenboro.

ONTARIO (2) VII. Black Creek, Roseland.

NO LOCALITY DATA (27).

568.

Nodonota rotundicollis Schaeffer

(Fig. 38. Map XI)

Nodonota rotundicollis Schaeffer, 1906, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts

Sci., Sci. Bull., 1:237 (Descrip., type locality: "Brownsville,

Tex."), 239 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Metasternam impunctate; posterior angles

of pronotum rounded; head and pronotum sparsely punctate.

DESCRIPTION: Oval; robust; dark colored, both above and below; usually brown or black; legs, antennae, and mouth parts red-orange.

Head moderately punctate; punctures round, separated by more

than their diameters on vertex and frons, closer and elongate on

genae and occiput. Eyes prominent. Clypeus punctured as frons; sides nearly parallel, ending between eyes. Antennal sockets widely separated. 91

Pronotum widest at middle; anterior margins form 90° angles behind eyes; posterior margins curve broadly into base; hind angles .represented by a small setose tooth; punctures small, elon­ gate, separated by about their length. Scutellum subtriangular, sides curve to a rounded point posteriorly. Elytral punctures two to three times as large as those of pronotum, irregularly placed, and separated by about their diameter. Humeri prominent.

Underside impunctate; prosternum roughly sculptured.

Females with one or two faint elytral costae.

Length 3.3-4.1 mm.

DISCUSSION: Nodonota rotundicollis is found only in southeastern

Texas. It is much like N_. margaretae in external morphology, but the ranges of these two species are several hundred miles apart with no similar forms in between. Nodonota rotundicollis may be a variety of N. tristis; examples of each are collected in the same areas. Those specimens seen are distinct enough to be easily recognized, and the species is considered a good one until further collecting can provide more data.

BIOLOGY: Adults have been collected in March and April. N. rotundicollis has been recorded from "bean," "carrot," and "tomato" foliage. These records are most likely from crop surveys and probably do not represent its true host.

TYPE MATERIAL: The lectotype, a male, bears type number 42314 in the United States National Museum collection. It is labeled 92

"St. Tomas, Brownsville, Tex., IV-20." The lectotype is 3.9 mm long, 2.4 mm wide at the humeri, and brown in color. It is in good condition with all legs and antennae intact. There are also five paratypes bearing the same number as the type in the

United States National Museum. One, a female, is labeled "St.

Tomas, Brownsville, Tex., IV-25." Two males and two females are labeled "Esprza Rch, Brownsville, Tex., VI-19." The type material was studied.

DISTRIBUTION: All United States specimens are from south­ eastern Texas. The range extends southward into Mexico.

TEXAS (72) III, IV, V, VI. Cameron Co.: Brownsville, La Paloma,

San Benito, Harlingen. Hidalgo C o .: San Juan. Nueces C o .:

Corpus Christi. Kleberg Co.: Kingsville, Lasalle Co.: Cotulla.

72

Nodonota texana Schaeffer

(Fig. 39. Map XII)

Nodonota texana Schaeffer, 1919, J. New York Entomol. Soc., 27:329

(Descrip., type locality: "Brownsville, Tex.").

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Parallel form; dark brown color; strig- osely sculptured head and pronotum. 93

DESCRIPTION: Small; parallel sided; dark colored both above and below; color dark brown to black; legs, antennae, and mouth parts red-orange.

Head closely punctate; punctures large, elongate; interpunc- tural areas strlgose, especially near eyes. Clypeus closely punctured; punctures large, round; sides of clypeus nearly parallel.

Eyes protruding. Antennal sockets widely separated.

Pronotum densely punctate; punctures small, elongate, separated by less than their length; interpunctural areas strigose at sides; lateral margins of pronotum slightly curved; anterior and posterior angles well defined; width about that of bases of elytra. Scutel- lum subtriangular, sides curved to a rounded point posteriorly.

Elytral punctures larger than those of pronotum, irregularly placed. Humeri prominent.

Underside impunctate.

Female usually with two faint elytral costae extending from humeri one-half length of elytra.

Length 3.0-3.4 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species appears closely related to N_. puncticollis. Their ranges do not overlap, as N_. texana is con­ fined to Texas. N. texana is quite constant morphologically, and differs from N. puncticollis by its smaller size, usually darker color, and more strigosely sculptured head. It belongs to the group of species in which the hind angles of the pronotum are about 90°. 94

BIOLOGY: Adults have been collected primarily in April.

Nodonota texana is recorded from "Juniperus mexicanus." A large series collected by Becker and Howden in Kerrville, Tex., was

"beaten from Quercus."

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype was collected in "Brownsville,

Texas," and bears USNM type number 42414. It is a female, 3.4 mm long and 2.0 mm wide at the humeri; the specimen is in good con­ dition with all the legs and antennae intact. Two other specimens in the United States National Museum are labeled "Tex. Brooklyn

Museum Collection 1929." This type material was studied.

DISTRIBUTION: Nodonota texana occurs in southeastern and south central Texas and extends southward into Mexico.

TEXAS (91) III, IV, V. Travis Co.: Austin. Bexar Co.: Ft. Sam

Houston. Gillespie Co.: Fredericksburg. Kerr Co.: 20 mi. SSE

Kerrville, Kerrville. San Patricio Co.: Lake Corpus Christi.

Real Co.: 26 mi. N Leakey. Uvalde Co.: Sabinal. Edwards Co.:

Rocksprings.

91 95

3. Metaparia Crotch,, 1873:40

TYPE: Metaparia clytroides Crotch, 1873. By monotypy. Type local­

ity: "Texas".

Metaparia Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, p. 40

(Descrip.). ----- Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc.,

19:233.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Postocular lobes present; male mandibles enlarged; labrum deeply emarginate.

DESCRIPTION: Small to average size, 2.5-4.3 mm long. Color variable, usually black, brown, or green. Labial and maxillary palpi not enlarged apically; mandibles of male always enlarged and variously modified; clypeus broadly and deeply emarginate.

Antennae widely spread, their sockets influencing the form of the clypeus; last five segments of antennae thicker and more pubescent than segments one to six. Eyes slightly emarginate on inner side.

Lateral anterior margin of prosternum sinuate, forming small postocular lobes (Crotch was wrong on this point); head retractile into prothorax past posterior margin of eyes. Sides of pronotum margined. Epipleurae broad, impunctate, extending to tip of elytron.

Humeri not prominent. Underside usually impunctate, often alutaceous; very sparsely pubescent. Tibiae dilated and increasingly pubescent distally; no apical spurs present. Tarsal claws appendiculate.

Males with front and middle tarsi enlarged; aedeagus with basal condyles. 96

DISCUSSION: This genus was created by Crotch (1873) for the

single species, M. clytroides. It has remained monotypic ever since.

The genus Phytospinthera Monros and Bechyne (a new name for Leflvre’s

preoccupied genus Spintherophyta) may be synonomous with Metaparia,

but I hesitate to synonomize them until the type of Phytospinthera

(Spintherophyta lesueuri Lefevre, 1877, by monotypy) is seen.

I am enlarging Metaparia to include the United States species of

Colaspoides in which the males have enlarged mandibles: M. opaci-

collis and M. viridimicans. Two new species are described, £.

macrocephala is synonymized with M. viridimicans, and a new key to

the genus is presented.

Metaparia is closest to Spintherophyta Dejean morphologically,

and differs in the enlargement of the male mandibles and the emargin-

ation of the labrum.

Metaparia now contains the five species mentioned here. These

are distributed through Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and north to

Kansas. Phytospinthera contains about fifteen species from South

and Central America. 97

Key to the United States Species of the Genus Metaparia Crotch

1. Pronotum shining metallic...... 3

1'. Pronotum dull, alutaceous...... 2

2(1'). Pronotum and elytra dull, alutaceous, green in

color; form elongate, parallel; 3 mm long;

Kansas south through Texas ...... clytroides (Crotch)

2'. Pronotum dull, alutaceous, elytra more shining;

color of elytra metallic blue, green, or some­

times brown; form oval; size larger, 3 to 4 mm

long; Texas and New Mexico ...... opacicollis (Horn)

3(1). Shining metallic black or brown; robust, oval;

2.5 to 3 mm long; mandibles of males, when seen in

frontal view, sharply angled on outer sides,

appearing to curve sharply toward the midline

(Fig. 4); southeastern Texas . . . mandibuloflexa n. sp.

3 1. Shining metallic green or brown; shape robust;

4 to 4.5 mm long; mandibles of males, when

seen in frontal view, appear to curve gently

toward the midline (Fig. 5); Texas through

Arizona ...... 4

4(3'). Color shining green or brown; robust, dorso-

ventral depth greater than greatest width

of pronotum; mandibles of males flat in

lateral view (Fig. 3); southeastern Texas . . 98

...... viridimicans (Horn)

A'. Color shining brovm; robust, dorso-ventral

depth less than greatest width of pronotum;

mandibles of males each with a projecting

ridge which causes them to appear angulate

in lateral view (Fig. 6); western Texas

through Arizona ...... prosopis n. sp.

Metaparia mandibuloflexa. New Species

(Figs. 4, AO. Map XIII)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male mandibles sharply angled near base

forming a prominent projection.

DESCRIPTION: Oval; robust; shining; dark colored both above and below; above black to dark brown, underside lighter; legs and mouth parts dark brown to dark red, usually lighter than underside; antennae red-orange.

Head sparsely punctate; punctures round, small, separated by two to three times their diameters, more elongate on occiput and near eyes. Clypeus broadly emarginate; punctures small, round, separated by one to two times their diameters; lateral margins of clypeus not at all or only faintly visible. Mandibles of male (Fig. A) two to

three times as large as those of female; sharply angled toward median 99 near base forming a very evident projection which is raised above

level of frons; labrum and distal portion of clypeus depressed below level of frons. Mandibles of female not particularly en­ larged or modified.

Pronotum moderately punctate; shining; punctures round, small, separated by one to two times their diameters; sides of pronotum nearly parallel, slightly narrowed anteriorly; anterior and post­ erior angles about 90°. Scutellum nearly semicircular, varying somewhat in shape. Elytral punctures about twice as large as those of pronotum, irregularly placed, round separated by about their diameters.

Prosternum broad, flat, anterior edge turned slightly ventrad, intercoxal process wider than a coxa at narrowest point.

Aedeagus with a small weak medial emargination at tip; tip weakly but completely sclerotized (Fig. AO).

Length 2.5-3.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species shows little variation. The male mandibular character, for which it was named, makes it easy to identify. Females, if not associated with males, are nearly impossible to identify to species.

BIOLOGY: Specimens in the material examined were collected most often in April and May, less often in June and July, and one specimen was collected in October. The majority of host records available are obviously from crop surveys and are unlikely to 100 reveal a true host relationship. One specimen is labeled "bred from cotton," but I doubt if this is correct.

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype is a male labeled "Brownsville,

Tex. V-8-35 D. J. and J. N. Knull," "Illustrated." It is 3.2 mm long and 1.9 mm wide at the humeri. It is dark brown, mounted on a paper point with the abdomen removed and glued to the base of that point. The genitalia are in a plastic vial mounted on the pin below the specimen. 14 paratypes 8?) "Brownsville, Tex. VIII-8-37,"

"D. J. and J. N. Knull," in the Ohio State University Collection.

10 paratypes (3

United States National Museum collection. 5 paratypes (3ef, 2?)

"Alamo, Texas Hildago Co. July 31, 1921," "C. D. Duncan Collector," in the California Academy of Sciences.

Six of Schaeffer's paratypes of Colaspoides macrocephala are actually M. mandibuloflexa; the other three paratypes and the holotype are M. viridimicans (see discussion under M. viridimicans.)♦

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs in extreme southeastern

Texas. I have seen specimens from Mexico.

TEXAS (293) III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, X: Ilidalgo Co.: Mission,

McAllen, Mercedes, 8 mi. W Mission, Alamo, Weslaco. Cameron Co.:

Brownsville, Harlingen. Duval C o .: San Diego. Dimmit Co.:

Carrizo Springs. Webb Co.: Laredo. Willacy Co.: Raymondville.

Zapata Co. Uvalde Co.: 5 mi. W Uvalde, Uvalde. Kleberg Co.:

Kingsville. Jim Wells Co.: Alice. San Patricio Co.: Lake Corpus 101

Christi. Nueces Co.

293

Metaparia clytroides Crotch

(Fig. 41 Map XIV)

Metaparia clytroides Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, p. 40 (Descrip., type locality: "Texas").

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Green color; densely punctate alutaceous

pronotum.

DESCRIPTION: Elongate; parallel-sided; color green, both above

and below, underside darker; legs, antennae, palpi, and tips of

mandibles red-orange.

Head moderately punctate; punctures round, small, separated by about their diameters, elongate and closer on occiput and near eyes.

Clypeus depressed just above labrum; punctures small, round, separated

by about their diameters; sides faintly visible, curving together between eyes; base of clypeus broadly emarginate. Antennal sockets border on clypeus and pinch it slightly at its base. Mandibles of male one and one half to two times as large as those of female;

sickle shaped, evenly curved from base to apex. Mandibles of female not especially enlarged or modified. 102

Pronotum alutaceous; punctures round, small, separated by their

diameters or less; sides of pronotum nearly parallel, slightly bulging in center; anterior and posterior angles nearly 90°. Scutel-

lum nearly semicircular, about as wide as long. Elytra slightly more shining than pronotum; punctures slightly larger than those of pronotum, round, irregularly placed, separated by about their dia­ meters or less.

Prosternum flat, longer than broad, intercoxal process not as wide as a coxa narrowest point.

Aedeagus shallowly emarginate at tip; tip broadly and strongly sclerotized (Fig. 41).

Length 2.5 - 3.6 mm.

DISCUSSION: Metaparia clytroides has a rather large range, but it is represented by only a few specimens from each of many scattered localities. Those specimens studied are all nearly identical. M. clytroides is less robust and more parallel-shaped than the other species of Metaparia, but there is no doubt that they belong in the same genus.

BIOLOGY: This species is collected mainly in May, but there is one record from August. Only one host record "on Cassia sp." was with the specimens studied.

TYPE MATERIAL: There are seven specimens in the LeConte col­ lection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. All are labeled

"Tex.", "J. L. LeConte Coll."; the first specimen is labeled "Type 103

5056," the others are labeled with numbers two through seven. All seven are very similar, and all are M. clytroides in my opinion. Since it is very unlikely that Crotch had designated one of them as type, and since the type label probably was placed on arbitrarily, I select as lectotype the first specimen in the series (the one bearing the type number). It is a green male in good condition, 3.6 mm long and

1.9 mm wide at the humeri. The remaining six specimens are para- lectotypes.

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs from central Texas north to

Nebraska.

COLORADO (1) VI. Otero C o .: La Junta.

KANSAS (26). Wilson Co.: Benedict. Kingman Co.: Rago. Rooks Co.:

No further data.

NEBRASKA (1). No further data.

TEXAS (56) V, VI, VIII. Travis Co.: Austin. Dallas Co.: Dallas.

Sutton Co.: Sonora. Tarrant Co.: Handley. Burnet Co.: Burnet.

Guadalupe Co.: Wade. Williamson Co.: Taylor. Comal Co.: New

Braunfels. Bexar Co.: Ft. Sam Houston. Refugio Co.: 20 mi. E

Refugio.

NO LOCALITY DATA (8)

92 104

Metaparia opacicollis (Horn), New Combination

(Figs. 18, 19, 42. Map XV)

Colaspoides opacicollis Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol Soc.

19:229 (Descrip., type locality: "Big Springs, Texas").

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Pronotum alutaceous, elytra shining.

DESCRIPTION: Large; globose; dark colored above and below; color deep purple to green; underside usually dark brown or blue; legs and mouth parts usually lighter brown; antennae red-orange.

Head alutaceous; punctures very small, round separated by three to four times their diameters. Clypeus alutaceous; punctures twice as large as those of vertex and frons; sides of clypeus curving together between eyes; base broadly emarginate above labrum. Antennal sockets not especially influencing lateral mar­ gins of clypeus. Mandibles of male one and one-half to two times as large as those of female; sickle-shaped, evenly curved from base to apex; often with a ridge or raised lateral portion from near base curving toward, but fading before, apex. Mandibles of female not especially enlarged or modified. Clypeus and labrum relatively flat, not depressed.

Pronotum alutaceous; punctures small, round, sparse, separated by two to three times their diameters; sides of pronotum nearly parallel, slightly narrower anteriorly; anterior and posterior angles nearly 90°. Scutellum alutaceous; semicircular or slightly 105 longer than broad. Elytra much more shining than pronotum; punc­ tures two to three times as large as those of pronotum, round, separated by about their diameters, irregularly placed.

Prosternum flat, with anterior margin turned ventrad forming a lip; nearly as wide as long; as wide or wider than a coxa at narrowest point.

Aedeagus shallowly emarginate at tip; tip completely sclero- tized (Fig. 42).

Length 3.0-4.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: Metaparia opacicollis was originally described in the genus Colaspoides, but the emarginate labrum and enlarged male mandibles properly relate it to Metaparia. It is the largest, most robust Metaparia, and varies greatly in color. The pronotum is always alutaceous, and contrasts with the much more shining elytra.

BIOLOGY: Most collection records are in June and July, but some are as early as April and a few are in August. One label records it as being "bred from Solanum eleagun bud;" I doubt this, as all Eumolpinae so far recorded are root feeders. Other label data include "Salsola pestifer," "on seed heads of Sporobolus wrighti," "cotton," "Prosopis glandulcsa," "Ratibida columnaris," and Verbesina encelibides."

TYPE MATERIAL: Horn, in the original description, referred to only one locality "Texas, Big Springs." There are three specimens 106

of M. opacicollis in the Horn collection at The Academy of Natural

- Sciences in Philadelphia. A male is labeled "S. W. Tex.," "Lecto-

type 3776." A female is labeled "S. W. Tex.," "Allotype 3776,"

while another male is labeled "Big Springs, Texas, Wickham 408,"

"Paratype 3776." This last specimen is, no doubt, the Big Springs

specimen that Horn referred to in the original description. Since

I can find no published record of the previous lectotype designation,

the specimen from Big Springs, Texas, is here designated lectotype.

It is 4.5 mm long, 3.1 mm wide at the humeri, and blue green in

color.

DISTRIBUTION: Found through Texas and New Mexico and possibly

into Arizona. I have not seen any specimens from Mexico.

NEW MEXICO (101) VI, VII, VIII. Quay Co.: San Jon, Endee, Tucum-

cari, 3.7 mi. E. Tucumcari, 2.1 mi. NE Tucumcari. Socorro C o .:

Sabinal. Roosevelt Co.: 49.5 mi. S. Portales. Eddy Co.: 5 mi. N

Carlsbad.

TEXAS (265) IV, VI, VI, VII, VIII. Archer Co. Howard Co.: Big

Spring. Medina Co.: Hondo. Duval Co.: San Diego. Bexar Co.: 4 mi.

SW San Antonio, San Antonio. Childress Co.: Childress. Willacy Co.:

Raymondville. Val Verde Co.: Del Rio, Devils River. Hidalgo Co.:

McAllen. Jones Co.: Anson. Frio Co.: Pearsall. Dimmit Co. Webb

Co.: Laredo. Jim Wells Co.: Ben Bolt. Kleberg Co.: Kingsville.

Cameron Co.: Brownsville, Los Borregos, 6 mi. E San Benito. Uvalde

Co.: Uvalde, 5 mi. W. Uvalde. Randall Co.: Palo Duro Canyon St. Pk.

Atascosa Co.: Lytle. Starr Co.. Gillespie Co. Brooks Co.: 107

Falfurrias. Washington Co.: Brenham. Jim Hogg Co.: Hebbronville.

Lasalle Co.; Cotulla. Potter Co.; Amarillo. Maverick Co.: Ouemado.

Wichita Co.: Burkburnett. Reeves Co.: 17 mi. E. Balmorhea, Bal- morhea. Zapata Co. Taylor Co. Pecos Co.: Sheffield.

DOUBTFUL LOCALITY (1). Oakdale Farms, Va.

377

Metaparia prosopis, New Species

(Figs. 5, 6, 24, 43. Map XVI)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Mate mandibles evenly curved from base to apex, with an anteriorly projecting ridge along the basal one-half of their length.

• DESCRIPTION: Large; robust; shining; dark colored above and below; color black or dark brown, occasionally green or blue; legs, antennae, palpi, and distal parts of mandibles red-orange.

Head shining;punctures small, round, separated by one to two times their diameters. Clypeus less shining more densely punctate than frons; punctures larger, round, separated by their diameters; interpunctural areas strongly alutaceous; lateral margins of clypeus curving together between eyes; base emarginate and depressed above labrum. Antennal sockets not especially influencing shape of clypeus. Mandibles of male twice as large as those of female; 108

sickle-shaped, evenly curved from base to apex; always with a ridge

or raised area anteriorly, lateral portion projecting anteriorly;

this ridge extends from base to around curve of mandible halfway

to apex, then fades out. Mandibles of female not especially enlarged

or modified.

Pronotum shining; punctures small, about as large as those of

head, round, separated by about their own diameters; sides of pro­

notum nearly parallel, sometimes sinuate with a slight bulge before

middle; anterior and posterior angles about 90°. Scutellum shining;

nearly semicircular, shape varies. Elytra shining; punctures

round, about twice as large as those of pronotum, irregularly placed,

separated by their own diameters or less.

Prosternum flat, with a small lip anteriorly; longer than wide;

about as wide at narrowest point between coxae as a coxa.

Aedeagus with a small truncate median lobe at tip; tip com­

pletely sclerotized (Fig. 43).

Length 2.8-4.3 mm.

DISCUSSION: Metaparia prosopis, while very robust, appears to

be less thick dorso-ventrally than other Metaparia. Color and size

vary considerably. This species is quite closely related to the

viridimicans-cephalotes group, and, as in those two species, females

are practically impossible to identify to species unless associated with males.

BIOLOGY: Collection dates range from March to August, but most 109

specimens seen were collected in May and June. A large series was

collected on Prosopis sp. at Imperial, Texas. This plant may be a

suitable host, and is the basis for the name of the species. Other

label data include "on SapIndus drummondi" and "on Guijillo."

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype (tf) "Downings Ranch, Terrell Co.,

Tex., 5-10-12," "J. D. Mitchell Collector" in the United States

National Museum; 1 paratype (?) "Terrell Co., Tex., VI-6-39,"

"D. J* and J. N. Knull Collectors;" 1 paratype (

Tex., V-31-37," "D. J. and J. N. Knull Collectors;" both in The

Ohio State University collection. 1 paratype («?) "Alpine, Tex.,

5-15-36," "John George Gehring collection" in the Museum of

Comparative Zoology. 1 paratype (?) "Debaca Co., New Mex., VI-

12-68, Rt. 385," "R. and L. Hamilton collectors." 2 paratypes

(lcT, 1?) "Chiricahua M. VI-15-39 Ar.", "D. J. and J. N. Knull collec­

tors;" all three in my collection. 28 paratypes (10cT, 18£) "nr.

Imperial, Texas, on Prosopis sp., V-15-51. Presidio 658;" in the

United States National Museum collection. 19 paratypes (10c?i 99)

"Pecos, Texas, May 15, 1927," "J. 0. Martin collector;" in the

California Academy of Sciences collection. The type is 4.0 mm long,

2.8 mm wide at the humeri, and dark brown in color.

DISTRIBUTION: This species is found from western Texas through

New Mexico and into Arizona. It also occurs in Mexico.

ARIZONA (6) VI, VII, VIII. Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mts., Huachuca

Mts. 110

NEW MEXICO (7) VI. DeBaca Co. Catron Co.: Luna. Not placed to

County: Conant.

TEXAS (78) III, IV, V, VI, VII. Pecos Co.: Imperial, Ft. Stockton.

Terrell Co.: Downings Ranch, Sanderson. Lasalle Co.: Cotulla.

Jeff Davis Co.: Ft. Davis, Davis Mts. Brewster Co.: Alpine, Chisos

Basin. Dimmit Co.: 14 mi w. Winterhaven, Bermuda, Catarina.

Reeves Co.: Pecos. Presidio Co.: Marfa. Culberson Co. Val Verde

Co.: Del Rio.

91

Metaparia viridimicans (Horn), New Combination

(Figs. 3, 44. Map XVII)

Colaspoides viridimicans Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. EntomoLSoc.,

19:230 (Descrip., type locality: here restricted to "New

Mexico").

Colaspoides macrocephala Schaeffer, 1906, Mus. Brooklyn Inst. Arts

Sci., Sci. Bull., 1:236 (Descrip., Diagnosis, type locality:

"Esprnza Rch., Brownsville, Texas"). NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male mandibles without projecting ridges or humps; pronotum and elytra shining.

DESCRIPTION: Large; robust; dark colored both above and below; color usually dark brown or black, occasionally green or blue; Ill antennae, palpi, and usually legs and mouth parts red-orange.

Head not brightly shining; punctures round to elongate, small to medium sized, separated by their diameters or less, often touching, especially near eyes. Clypeus with round, somewhat larger setigerous punctures arranged in two or three concentric semi­ circles about the basal emargination; sides of clypeus curving together between eyes; base of clypeus slightly depressed just above labrum. Antennal sockets appearing to pinch clypeal region slightly. Mandibles of male twice as large as those of female, sickle-shaped, curving evenly from base to apex; without ridges or projections; rather densely pubescent. Mandibles of female not especially enlarged or modified.

Pronotum shining; punctures small, smaller than those of clypeus, round, separated by one to two times their diameters; sides of pronotum nearly parallel, bulging slightly in center; anterior and posterior angles nearly 90°. Scutellum semicircu­ lar, shape varying somewhat. Elytra shining; punctures round, about twice as large as those of pronotum, irregularly placed, separated by about their diameters or slightly more.

Prosternum flat, with only a trace of an anterior lip; about as wide as long and as wide as a coxa at narrowest point.

Apex of aedeagus shallowly emarginate, not completely sclerotized and usually with a small membranous or lightly sclerotized area visible (Fig. 44).

Length 2.8-4.0 mm. 112

DISCUSSION: Metaparia viridimicans is usually thicker dorso- ventrally than M. prosopis. It is the only one of the viridimicans- prosopis-cephalotes group in which the male mandibles do not have projecting ridges or humps, and is similar to M. opacicollis in this way.

There is a holotype, allotype, and one paratype of a species named Colaspoides triloba in the United States National Museum.

All three specimens are labeled "Corp. Chr. Tex. 3-29-1909,"

"Prosopis juliflor C. S. Spooner Coll." The type is number 28825; it is labeled as a male, but it is a female. These specimens were named by Chittenden, but the descriptions were never published.

They all appear to be M. viridimicans.

BIOLOGY: This species is generally collected in March and April, two specimens were taken in May, and four in June. Several specimens from Mission, Texas, and Corpus Christi, Texas, were recorded on

"Prosopis juliflor."

TYPE MATERIAL: Horn mentions specimens from "New Mexico and

Arizona" in his original description. There are two specimens of

M. viridimicans in the Horn collection at The Academy of Natural

Sciences in Philadelphia. A male is labeled "N. Mex., Wickham,"

"Lectotype 3777," and a female is labeled "Ariz.," "Paratype 3777."

I do not know who designated this lectotype; but it is here accepted as lectotype on the basis of the original description and the fact that it is the only male in the type series. The 113 female specimen may be M. prosopis, but because of its sex this cannot be definitely determined. New Mexico and Arizona are not within the present range of the species, however the range may have been larger in the past or the label may be in error.

I have also examined the holotype of Colaspoides macrocephala

Schaeffer in the United States National Museum and found it to be

M. vlridimicans based on the shape of the mandibles. It is a male labeled "Esprza Rch, Brownsville, Texas, June," "USNM Type no.

42313," "Colaspoides macrocephala Schffr." It is 3.8 mm long,

2.5 mm wide at the humeri, and bronzy brown in color. In the paratype series of this species there are three more specimens of

M. viridimicans (2cT, 1?); all were collected in "Brownsville,

Texas." (See also the discussion under M. cephalotes.)

DISTRIBUTION: In the United States this species is confined to southeastern Texas; it extends south into Mexico.

NEW MEXICO (1). No further data.

TEXAS (102) III, IV, V, VI. Hildago Co.: Mission, Elsa, Edinburg.

Nueces Co.: Corpus Christi. Cameron Co.: Brownsville, Esperanza

Ranch. Starr Co. San Patricio Co.: Lake Corpus Christi.

Val Verde Co. Maverick Co.: Eagle Pass.

103 114

4. Metachroma Chevrolat, 1837:436

TYPE: Colaspls quercata Fabricius, 1801. Designated by LeConte,

1858. Type locality: "Carolina."

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Posterior and middle tibiae excavated near apex on outer edge; elytral punctures in rows; no postocular

lobes; tarsal claws bifid.

The last revision of this genus was by Horn (1892). A

revision by Mrs. Blake of the United States National Museum is in

progress.

The genus consists of about 50 species, all confined to the

New World. A checklist of the 25 species from America north of

Mexico is given below.

aeneicollis Horn, 1892:210 Tex.

longulum Horn, 1892:212 Ariz.

dubiosum (Say), 1824:447 Dak.-Fla.

californicum Crotch, 1873:41 Calif.-Ariz.

usturn LeConte, 1858:85 Tex.-Ariz.

vlticola Linell, 1898:481 Tex.

aterrimum Horn, 1892:214 Tex.-N. Mex.

suturalis LeConte, 1858:85 Tex.

adustum Suffrian, 1866:339 Fla.

interruptum (Say), 1824:448 N .Y.-Dak.-Fla.-Ariz.

angustulum Crotch, 1873:41 Ohio-Mont.-Kans.

laevicollis Crotch, 1873:43 N .Y .-Ohio-Fla. 115

luridum COlivier), 1808:892 S •C .—Ga•

mareinalis Crotchr 1873:48 N.C.-Fla.-Kans

maculipennis Schwartz, 1878:366 Fla.

pellucldum Crotch. 1873:43 Ga.-Fla.

pallidum (Sav)T 1824:446 Mass.-Fla.-Mo.

floridanum CrotchT 1873:43 Fla.

puncticollis LeConte 1858:8S Ga.-Tex.

quercatum (Fabriciusl, 1801:417 Mass.-Fla.-Ind,

texanura Schaeffer, 1919:327 Tex.

testacea Blatchlev, 1920:70 Fla.

strieicollis Blatchlev. 1924:169 Fla.

coronadense Fall. 1927:138 Calif.

anaemicum Fall. 1927:138 Fla.

?atratum (Fabriciusl, 1798:106 N. Amer. 116

• Paria LeConte, 1858:86

TYPE: Paria quadriguttata LeConte, 1858. Designated by Jacoby, 1908.

Type locality "Fort Yuma, California."

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Posterior and middle tibiae excavated near apex on outer edge; elytral punctures in rows; postocular

lobes present; tarsal claws bifid; grooves above eyes very narrow.

A revision of Paria was published by John Wilcox in 1957.

Balsbaugh (1970) described two new species, a new subspecies, and presented a new key to all United States species. The genus con­

tains about forty species, most from Central and North America, but also a few from Asia and South America. A checklist of the

eighteen species from America north of Mexico is given below.

frosti Wilcox, 1957:16 Mass.-Me.

barnesi Wilcox, 1957:17 Fla.

quadriguttata LeConte, 1858:86 Ohio-Fla.-Oreg.-Ariz.

blatchleyi Wilcox, 1957:19 Ga.-Fla.

sexnotata (Say), 1824:445 Pa.-Ohio

juniperi Blatchley, 1927:143 Ohio-Tenn.-Mo.

quadrinotata (Say), 1824:446 east. U.S.

fragariae Wilcox, 1954:409 east. U.S.-Calif.

ssp. f_. kirki Balsbaugh, 1970:455 east. U.S.

scutellaris (Notman), 1920:194 Ont.-N.C.-Kans. 117

virginiae Wilcox, 1957:27 Fla.

-opacicollis LeConte, 1859:23 N .Y.-Fla.-Iowa-Tex.

ssp. o. wenzeli Wilcox. 1957:29 N.J.-N.C.

arlzonensls Wilcox, 1957:29 Ariz.

thoracica (Melsheiraer), 1847:168 Mass.-N.C.-Man.-Ariz

sellata (Horn), 1892:208 Mass.-Fla.-Ark.

canella (Fabricius), 1801:52 S.C.—Fla*

aterrima (Olivier), 1808:913 N.Y.-Fla.

pratensis Balsbaugh, 1970:457 Que.-S.C.-Dak.

wilcoxi Balsbaugh, 1970:458 Ala. 118

6. Typophorus Chevrolat. 1837:436

TYPE: Eumolpus nigritus Fabricius, 1801. Designated by Monros and

BechynS, 1956. Type locality: Cayennae.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Posterior and middle tibiae excavated near apex on outer edge; elytral punctures in rows; postocular lobes present; tarsal claws bifid; grooves above eyes very wide, narrowing and joining between eyes.

Bechyne (1950) incorrectly designated the type of this genus as Typophorus quadripunctatus Erichson, 1847. Erichson had been considered as the author of the genus for many years until Barber and Bridwell (1940) cleared up the status of many of Chevrolat's

genera.

This genus contains over sixty species, all from the New World.

Only two species and two subspecies are found north of Mexico.

Wilcox (1957) believes that _T. pumilus (LeConte) is really a South

American form and that the Kansas locality on the type specimen is an error. A checklist of the United States species is given below.

nigritus (Fabricius), 1801:421 S. Amer.

ssp. n. viridicyaneus (Crotch), 1873:40 SE U.S.-Mex.

ssp. ru chalceus Lefhvre, 1877:317 Tex.-Mex.

pumilus (LeConte), 1859:23 ?Kans. 119

7. Eumolpus Weber, 1801:28

TYPE: Chrysomela ignita Fabricius, 1787. Designated by Bechyn£,

1950 (there may have been an earlier designation which I

have not found). Type locality: Brazil.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Very large, 11.0-15.0 mm long; brilliant metallic blue or green color; slight postocular lobes present; tarsal claws bifid.

Only one species of Eumolpus, E^. surinamensis (Fabricius),

1775:96, is found In the United States, and this species is only

rarely collected in extreme southern Arizona. I have seen only

four specimens from Arizona, but many specimens from Mexico.

Eumolpus contains about fifteen species from Central and South

America. 120

8. Chrysochus Chevrolat, 1837:437

TYPE: Cryptocephalus pretiosus Schneider, 1791:218. Designated

by Jacoby, 1908; (=asclepiadeus Pallas, 1776:69, according

to Clavereau, 1914, and others.) Type locality, probably

in Asia.

Chrysochus Chevrolat, 1837, jLn Dejean, Cat. Coleop., 3rd ed., rev.,

cor., aug., p. 437. ----- Redtenbacher, 1845, Die Gattungen der

Deutschen Kafer-Fauna..., p. 117 (Descrip.). ----- Marshall,

1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 8:48 (Revision genus,

world). ----- Chapuis, 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins., Coleop., 10:341

(Descrip., Syn.). ----- Lef&vre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):152 (Descrip., Syn.). Horn, 1892,

Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:196. ----- Jacoby, 1908, Fauna

of British India and Burma, Coleop., 2:507 (Type designation).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Large size; metallic green or blue color; appendiculate tarsal claws.

DESCRIPTION: Large; robust; colors vary from bronzy to deep blue, but always metallic. Labial and maxillary palpi not enlarged or modified; clypeus well defined, triangular, not emarginate above labrum. Eyes moderately bulging, oval and emarginate on inner margins. Prosternum forming large postocular lobes; head retractile into prothorax past posterior margins of eyes. Sides of pronotum margined. Epipleurae narrow, impunctate, extending to

tip of elytra. Humeri not prominent. Underside sparsely, finely 121 punctate and pubescent, usually colored as above. Femora widest in middle and abruptly narrowed just before apex. Femora and tibiae with large irregularly placed punctures. Tibiae without apical spurs; tarsal clax^s appendiculate. Seventh abdominal tergite grooved; aedeagus (Figs. 49, 50) with basal condyles.

DISCUSSION: Chevrolat, in the Dejean Catalogue (1837), included five names in the genus Chrysochus. One of these names was C.. auratus from Boreal America, and another was the type <2. pretiosus. Redtenbacher (1845) described the genus. Chrysochus auratus remained the only North American species until LeConte

(1857) described .C. cobaltinus. Horn (1885) mistakenly described

Eumolpus surinamensis Fabricius as C. robustus.

Chrysochus is an easily recognized genus. Its size and metallic color set it apart from most North American Eumolpinae.

It can be distinguished from Eumolpus by its appendiculated tarsal claws; those of Eumolpus are bifid.

The genus contains about twenty species, and is worldwide in distribution.

Key to the United States Species of the genus Chrysochus Chevrolat

1. Antennal segments 7-11 elongate, twice as long as wide;

color usually bronzy green or blue-green; eastern

U.S. thru Rocky Mt. states ...... auratus (Fabricius)

1'. Antennal segments 7-11 globular, about as wide as long;

color usually blue or green, not bronzy; Rocky Mt.

states to the West Coast ...... cobaltinus LeConte 122

Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius)

(Figs. 15, 49. Map XVIII)

Chrysomela aurata Fabricius, 1775, Systema Entomologiae, p. 101

(Descrip., type locality: "Pennsylvania"). ----- Fabricius,

1792, Entomologia Systematica, 1:325.

Eumolpus auratus (Fabricius), 1801, Systema Eleutheratorum, 1:419.

Olivier, 1808, Entomol Coleop. 6:903 (Descrip.,

Diag., Illus. Vol. 8, PI. 1, Fig. 12)

Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius), Chevrolat, 1837, in Dejean, Cat.

Coleop., ed. 3, rev., cor., aug., p. 437.. Marshall,

1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, Zool., 8:49 (Distrib.,

Syn.). ----- Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,

25:37 (Diag.). ----- Horn, 1885, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc.,

12:156 (Diag., Syn.). ------Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc., 19:221. ----- Blatchley, 1910, Coleop. Indiana, p. 1141

(Biol., Descrip., Syn.).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Antennal segments eight to ten twice as long as wide.

DESCRIPTION: Large; robust; brightly metallic green above, elytra often with bronze or coppery reflections, pronotum often bluish; blue green below; basal segments of antennae and legs usually greenish; outer segments of antennae, palpi, and legs sometimes dark brown. 123

Head with punctures round or elongate, small, often separated by less than their lengths; a deeply impressed median line running from between eyes to occiput. Clypeus usually well defined by sutures; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or less; basal margin sparsely pubescent and straight. Antennal segments four to six and eight to ten about the same length, each about twice as long as wide; segments one to three shorter; segments seven and eleven longer.

Pronotum shining green or bluish; margins sinuate, widest just anterior to middle; anterior and posterior angles nearly 90°; punctures of two sizes, most large, round, separated by their diameters or less in basal two-thirds of pronotum; smaller punctures round, scattered; anterior one-third almost impunctate. Postocular lobes densely punctate. Scutellum semicircular or almost square.

Elytral punctures small, fine, one-half as large as punctures of pronotum, irregularly placed, separated by their own diameters.

Underside shining; prosternum and procoxae rugosely sculp­ tured. Prosternum twice as long as wide, narrower than a coxa between coxae.

Length 6.5-10.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species is very widely distributed and varies greatly in color. Specimens from the New England area are often of smaller size, and are usually bronzed. Specimens from Arizona and New Mexico are often green, while the pronotum is bluish, although green specimens with bluish pronota may be found throughout 124 the range.

Antennal segments eight to ten in £. auratus are about twice as long as wide; in C^. cobaltinus these segments are globular and about as long as wide. All antennal segments of (2. cobaltinus are thicker than those of C. auratus. The punctation of the clypeus, head, and pronotum of C_. cobaltinus is usually denser, and the pronotum and elytra are usually blue in color, whereas C. auratus has the head and pronotum less densely punctate, and the elytra are always green or bronzy.

BIOLOGY: Collection dates vary, but July and August are the most common months in the midwest and New England, while June and

July are more common in the southeast and southwest. £. auratus seems to prefer dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium Linn.) as a food plant. The larvae have been recorded on the roots of this plant (Weiss and West, 1921). The only other plant frequently recorded on the specimen labels is milkweed (Asclepias spp).

TYPE MATERIAL: Fabricius' type is in his own collection.

There are two specimens labeled "Pensylvania Mus. Britann" in the collection at Copenhagen. I have not seen them, but Mr. Larsson has compared specimens for m e ; he says (in litt.) that the type specimens are of the bronzy variety.

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs throughout the eastern, central, and southwestern states into Idaho, Utah, and Arizona. 125

One specimen from Washington is definitely C. auratus, it may be mislabeled or transported accidentally.

ALABAMA. (2). Not placed to County: Laggan.

ARIZONA (84) V, VI, VII, VIII, IX. Coconino Co.: Manzanita Camp,

Flagstaff, Moenave. Navaio Co.: 8-15 mi. NE Whiteriver, 15 mi.

NNW Kayenta, Whiteriver, Showlow, 8 mi. S Showlow, Ft. Apache.

Apache Co.: McNary, Springerville. Pima Co. Mohave Co.: Moccasin.

Gila Co.: Sierra Ancha Mts. Not placed to County: Forestdale,

Rainbow Bridge (San Juan Canyon).

ARKANSAS (6) VI. Logan Co.: Mt. Magazine. Desha Co.: 3 mi. N

McGehee.

COLORADO (30) VI, VII, VIII. Otero Co.: Fowler. Larimer Co.:

Ft. Collins. Clear Creek C o . Not placed to County: Ft. Reynolds.

CONNECTICUT (20) VII, VIII, IX. Fairfield Co.: Redding, Stamford,

South Norwalk. New Haven Co.: New Haven, Branford. Windham Co.:

Putnam. Litchfield C o .: Cornwall.

DELAWARE (4) VI. Kent C o .: Willow Grove.

GEORGIA (1) VII. Bibb Co.

ILLINOIS (44) VI, VII. Champaign Co.: Urbana. LaSalle Co.:

Ottawa, Starved Rock St. Pk., Utica. Jo Daviess C o .: Galena.

Livingston Co.: Chatswortli. Cook Co.: Riverside, Chicago.

Ogle Co.

INDIANA (51) VI, VII, VIII. Knox Co.: Vincennes. Tippecanoe Co.:

Lafayette. Posey Co.: New Harmony. Lake Co.: Hessville.

IOWA (76) VI, VII, VIII. Muscatine Co.: Wildcat Den. Page C o .: 126

Shenandoah. Story C o .; Ames. Polk C o .; Des Moines. Marshall Co.;

10 mi. W Marshalltown (Salt Basin). Henry Co. Crawford Co.

KANSAS (58) VI, VII. Shawnee Co.: Topeka, Rossville. Douglas Co.;

Baldwin, Lawrence, Reno Co.; Madora. Clay Co.: Morganville.

Wallace C o .; Sharon Springs. Geary Co.: Ft. Riley. Wyandotte C o .:

Kansas City.

LOUISIANA (1) VI. St.. Landry P.; Opelousas.

MAINE (59) VI, VII, VIII. Oxford Co.: Norway, West Baldwin,

Gilead, Paris, Bethel. York C o .: York, Old Orchard Beach, Ogunquit.

Cumberland Co.: Casco. Lincoln Co. Penobscot Co.: Passadumkeag,

Oldtown. Androscoggin Co.: Lewiston. Washington Co.: Columbia

Falls. Not placed to County: Bridgeport.

MARYLAND (21) V, VII. Prince Georges Co.: Beltsville, Chevy Chase.

Baltimore Co.: Baltimore.

MASSACHUSETTS (68) VI, VII, VIII, IX, X. Suffolk Co.: Dorchester,

Boston. Middlesex Co.: Cambridge, Woburn, Natick, Medford, Tewks­ bury, Tyngsboro, Sherborn, Malden, Ashland. Plymouth Co.: Wareham.

Hampden Co.: Springfield. Hampshire Co.: South Amherst. Bristol

Co.: Freetown, Berkeley, Dighton, North Dartmouth. Norfolk Co.:

Wellesley, Braintree. Barnstable Co.: Bourne. Essex Co.:

Manchester.

MICHIGAN (52) VI, VII, VIII. Cheboygan Co.: Douglas Lake, 2 mi.

N Douglas Lake (Lancaster). Wayne Co.: Detroit. Muskegon Co.:

Whitehall. Ingham Co.: Lansing, East Lansing. Berrien Co.: Niles.

Van Buren Co.: Lawrence. Bay C o .: Bay City. Houghton C o .: 127

Calumet. Emmet Co.; Petoskey, Bigstone Bay. Lapeer Co.: Deerfield

Twp. Oakland Co.; Birmingham. Mackinac Co.: St. Ignace, Horseshoe

Bay. Midland Co.: 2 mi. N Bradley (Bluff Creek). Alger Co.; Camp

Roth. Clare Co.; 8 Point Lake. Schoolcraft Co. Shiawassee Co.

Not placed to County: Ag. Coll.

MINNESOTA (7) VI. Lesueur Co.: New Prague. Cass Co.: Cass Lake.

MISSISSIPPI (2) VI, X. Oktibbeha Co.: Starkville.

MISSOURI (22) VI, VII. S_t. Louis C o .: Howard Bend, St. Louis.

Jackson Co.: Independence. Vernon Co.: 4 mi. E milo. Green Co.:

1 Willard.

NEBRASKA (21) VI, VII, VIII. Thomas Co.: Halsey. Sarpy Co.:

Gretna. Custer Co.: Anselmo. Lancaster Co.: Lincoln. Sioux Co.:

Glen. Furnas Co.: Cambridge. Douglas Co♦: Valley. Phelps Co.:

Atlanta. Adams Co.: Hastings. Red Willow Co.: Bartley.

NEW HAMPSHIRE (6) VII, VIII. Hillsboro Co.: Ipswich. Strafford

Co.: Durham. Grafton Co.: Oxford, Hanover.

NEW JERSEY (49) VI, VII, VIII. Bergen Co.: Ramsey, Englewood.

Ocean Co.: Lakehurst. Atlantic Co.: Da Costa. Cape May Co. Cape

May. Burlington Co.: Riverton, Lebanon St. Forest. Camden Co.:

Clementon. Morris Co.: Chester. Middlesex Co.: New Brunswick,

Cranbury. Union Co.: Elizabeth, Roselle Park. Sommerset Co.:

Rocky Hill.

NEW MEXICO (58) VI, VII. Bernalillo Co.: Albuquerque. Sandoval Co.:

Bernalillo. Otero Co.: Bent, Mescalero Res. Dona Ana Co.: Mesilla.

NEW YORK (135) VI, VII, VIII. Erie Co.: Millersport, Buffalo. 128

Tompkins Co.; Ithaca, McLean, Varna. Herkimer Co.: Mohawk. Suffolk

Co.; Babylon, Upton, Huntington, Roslyn, Yaphank. Essex Co.: Mt.

McIntyre, Crown Point, Heart Lake. Monroe Co.; Rochester. Allegany

Co.: Filmore. Jefferson C o .: Clayton (Bluff Is.). Ontario Co.:

Geneva. Schuyler Co.: Hectorland. Dutchess Co.: Poughkeepsie.

Oswego C o .: Oswego. Cayuga Co.: Duck Lake, East Aurora. Niagara

Co.: Lockport, Olcott. Clinton Co.: Peru. Rockland C o .: West

Nyack. Westchester Co.: Pelham, New Rochell. Hamilton Co.:

Indian Lake. Albany Co.: Albany, Karner. Nassau Co.: Mineola.

Livingston Co.: Dansville. Saratoga Co.: Saratoga. Wyoming Co.:

Pike. Genesee Co.: Tonawanda Indian Res. Greene Co. New York City:

Corona, Larchmont.

NORTH CAROLINA (6) VI, VII. Halifax C o .: Weldon. Moore Co.:

Southern Pines.

NORTH DAKOTA (1) VI. Cass Co.: Kindred.

OHIO (114) VI, VII, VIII, X. Franklin Co.: Columbus. Erie Co.:

Sandusky, Cedar Point, Castalia. Adams Co.: Lynx. Cuyahoga Co.:

Parma. Lucas Co.: Adams Twp. Sec 23. Ottawa Co.: Catawba Is.

Ashtabula Co.: Jefferson. Delaware Co.: Delaware. Lorain Co.:

Amherst. Hocking Co. Ashland Co. Mahoning Co.. Clinton Co.

Scioto Co. Monroe Co. Not placed to County: Haywood Beach.

OKLAHOMA (8) VI, VII. Craig Co.: Vinita. Payne Co♦: Stillwater.

Beaver C o .: Beaver Creek. Cimarron Co.: 7 mi. S Boise City.

PENNSYLVANIA (596) VI, VII, VIII. Fayette Co.: Ohiopyle. Allegheny

Co.: Pittsburg, Aspinwall, Dormont. Westmoreland Co.: Jeanette. 129

Philadelphia Co,; Philadelphia, Mt. Airy, Germantown. Bedford Co.:

North Cumberland. Berks Co.: Lenhartsville. Franklin Co.: Blue

Ridge. Delaware Co.; Lansdowne. Monroe Co.; 5 mi. S Canadensis on Broadhead Creek. Washington Co.: Cannonsburg. Lancaster Co.:

Lititz. Butler Co.: Slippery Rock.

SOUTH DAKOTA (8) VII. Pennington Co.: Wasta.

SOUTH CAROLINA (4). Anderson Co.: Anderson.

TENNESSEE (1) VII. Not placed to County: Smoky Mts.

TEXAS (16) VI, VI, VII. Dallas Co.: Dallas. Williamson Co.:

Liberty Hill. Travis Co.: Austin. Brewster Co.: Green Valley.

Harris Co.: Rosehill. Milam Co.: Cameron. Grayson Co.: Sherman.

Gillespie Co.

UTAH (15) VIII. Salt Lake C o .: Salt Lake City. Washington Co.:

Zion Nat'l Pk., St. George. Grand Co.: Colorado River.

VERMONT (3). Chittenden Co.: Shelburne. Windsor Co.: Woodstock.

VIRGINIA (19) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Alexandria Co.: Falls Church.

Prince Edward Co.: Farmville. Norfolk Co.: Norfolk. Nelson Co.

WEST VIRGINIA (4) VI, VII, VIII. Nicholas Co.: Richwood. Jackson

Co.: Ripley. Monongalia Co.: Morgantown.

WISCONSIN (6) VI, VII. Rock Co.: Jamesville. Clark Co.: Worden

Twp.

WYOMING (35) VII. Crook Co.: Devil's Tower Nat’l Mon. Teton Co.:

Teton Mts.

MANITOBA (7) VI. Thornhill. Not Placed: Aweme. 130

ONTARIO (26) VII, VIII. Nipigon. Bracebridge. Parry Is.

Not Placed: Gravenhurst, Rideau Like

QUEBEC (1) VII. Abbotsford.

LOCALITIES NOT MAPPED (22). Kansas and Nebraska. Canada. Buff.

Dade Co.

DOUBTFUL LOCALITY (1) VII. Yakima River, Morgans Ferry,

Washington.

NO LOCALITY DATA (2)

1764

Chrysochus cobaltinus LeConte

(Figs. 20, 50. Map XIX)

Chrysochus cobaltinus LeConte, 1857, Reports of Surveys ...

12(Bk. 2, Pt. 3):67 (Descrip., Diag., type locality:"Oregon

and California"). ---- Marshall, 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc.

London, Zool., 8:49 (Distrib.). ----- Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad.

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 25:38 (Diag.). ----- Horn, 1885, Trans.

Amer. Entomol. Soc., 12:156 (Diag., Syn.). Horn, 1892,

Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:221 (Diag.). ----- Horn, 1894,

Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Ser. 2, 4:341 (Distrib.). -----

Essig, 1926, Ins. West. N. Amer., p. 469 (Biol., Descrip.,

Distrib.). 131

Chrysochus califomicus Marshall, 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London,

Zool., 8:49 (Descrip, type locality: "California"). -----

Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 25:38

(Diag., Syn. of cobaltinus).

Chrysochus tenebricosus Marshall, 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London,

Zool., 8:49 (Descrip., type locality: "California"). -----

Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 25:38 (Diag.).

Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:221 (Syn. of

cobaltinus).

Chrysochus castaneus Marshall, 1865, J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London-

Zool., 8:49 (Descrip., type locality: "California"). -----

Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 25:38 (Diag.).

Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:221 (Syn.

of cobaltinus).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Antennal segments eight to ten globular, about as long as wide.

DESCRIPTION: Large; robust; metallic blue, purple, or green both above and below; legs and antennae dark brown or black and usually not metallic.

Head with punctures separated by their diameters or more on vertex, denser near eyes and occiput, small, round or slightly elon­ gate; usually a well defined depressed median line from top of clypeus

to occiput. Clypeus well defined, densely punctate, punctures round, separated by less than their diameters; basal margin of clypeus 132

straight or slightly emarginate; clypeus finely pubescent, pubes­

cence densest just above labrum. Antennal segments three to seven

about equal in length, one and one-half to two times as long as wide;

segments eight to ten globular, less than one and one-half times

as long as wide; segment eleven globular, longer than ten.

Pronotum shining; margins sinuate, widest just anterior to

middle; anterior and posterior angles well defined; postocular lobes

densely punctate; punctures of two sizes, large, round, deep punctures

usually confined to basal two-thirds and densest at sides; small round

punctures, smaller than those on head, scattered over pronotum. Scu-

tellum semicircular. Elytra shining; punctures small, smaller than

large punctures of pronotum, but larger than small pronotal punctures,

round, irregularly placed, separated by their diameters or less.

Underside pubescence densest along median line. Pro- and meso-

sterna and procoxae rugosely sculptured. Prosternum about twice as wide as long and slightly narrower between coxae than a coxa.

Length 8.0-11.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: The color in jC. cobaltinus varies from a deep blue

or purple to a solid dark green. The greener varieties seem to be

confined to California and Nevada, while the deep blue or purple forms

are found throughout the range; the deep blue forms are especially

common in Washington and British Columbia.

BIOLOGY: These beetles are usually collected in June, July,

and August; very few have been taken as early as April and as late 133 as October. Label data include "on milkweed," "Asclepias eriocarpa."

VA. mexicanus," "A. speciosa," "Gutierrizia sp.," "Apocynum anarosaemi- folium." The vast majority of records are from Asclepias spp.

TYPE MATERIAL: LeConte's type bears type no. 4322, and is in the LeConte collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It also bears a gold circle (California), and the label "£. cobaltinus

Lee. Calif. Oregon." It is 9.1 mm long and 4.0 mm wide at the humeri, and is deep blue to purple in color. It is probably a male, but was not dissected. There are nine other specimens in the LeConte collec­ tion. Two are unlabeled; five have gold circles, and one of these is also labeled "C. californicus Marshall;" one bears a blue circle; and one is labeled "Cal." Of these nine, four are green, one is almost black, and the rest are bluish.

Dr. Valentine studied the Marshall material at the British

Museum (Natural History), and says (in litt.) "BM(NH) has about

110 specimens of C^. cobaltinus of which about two dozen are old enough to be Marshall specimens, hoxjever, none have identifying labels except one with a question mark labeled 'E Coll. Chevt,1

'Calif M-7-S,' '67-56,' 'Chrysochus castaneus Marsh Type?' It is brown and teneral, with purple starting to appear on head and pro­ notum."

DISTRIBUTION: This species appears to be confined to west of the Rocky Mts., except for one specimen from Dallas, Texas, and four from Turkey Creek Canyon, Colorado, all of the dark blue variety, 134 which are definitely £. cobaltinus: they may be mislabeled or introduced.

CALIFORNIA (1353) IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X. . Lake Co.: Clear Lake at

Lakeport, Lower Lake, Bartlette Springs, Boggs Lake. Mariposa Co.:

Yosemite Valley, Yosemite Nat'l Park. Tulare Co.: Johnsonville, 18 mi. E Exeter, Terra Bella, Johnsondale, 7 mi. SE Terra Bella, Kaweah.

Riverside C o .: Chester, Keen Camp, Idyllwild, Riverside, Herkey Creek,

San Jacinto Mts., Palms to Pines Hwy. Kern Co♦: Fort Tejon, Tehachapi,

Kemville, Kern City, Havilah, Marcel, Tehachapi Mts. Pk., Spicer City,

Double Mt., San Juaquin Valley near Ft. Tejon, Mill Potero. Alameda

Co.: Berkeley, Corral Hollow, Livermore. Orange Co.: Santa Ana.

Los Angeles Co.: Los Angeles, Pasadena, Claremont, Sierra Madre Mts.,

Puenta (Pasco Ranch), Whittier, Baldwin Park, Palmdale, Cole. San

Diego Co.: Laguna Mts., San Diego, Descanso, La Puerta, Witch Creek, Mt.

Palomar, 1 mi. W Julian, Cuyamaca St. Pk., Santa Ysabel, 2 mi. SW

Santa Ysabel, Cuyamaca, 3 mi. S Julian, Ramona. Mono Co.: Paradise

Camp. El Dorado Co.: Lake Tahoe, Whitehall. Santa Clara Co.: Milpitas,

Palo Alto, Mountain View. Sonoma Co.: Cloverdale. Madera Co.:

Chiquito Creek, Placer Station, Bass Lake, Northfork. San Bernadino

Co.: San Bernadino, 4 mi. N Cajon Pass, Lake Arrowhead, Victorville,

2 mi. S. Phelan, Lucerne Valley, Cajon Pass. Monterey Co.: Paraiso

Springs, Bradley, Carmel Valley, Salinas. Inyo Co.: Olancha, Pine

Creek, Lone Pine, Panamint Mts., Big Pine, Independence, Bishop, 2 Mi.

E Big Pine, Round Valley. Yolo Co.: Davis, Clarksburg, Winters.

Yuba C o .: Brownsville. Ventura Co.: Wegis Ranch, 11 mi. E Camp Ozena,

Wheeler Springs. Merced Co.: Delhi, San Joaquin River Bridge. 135

San Luis Obispo Co.: 5 mi. W Atascadero, 5 mi. NE Santa Margarita,

San Luis Obispo, Santa Paula, McKay, Atascadero, Creston, Piru.

Trinity Co.: Trinity Center, 7 mi. S Trinity Center, 7 mi. W

Buclchorn Summit, Carrville, Coffee Creek, Big Bar. Siskiyou C o .:

3 mi. N Gazelle, Gazelle, Shasta Springs, McCloud, Siskiyou, Horse

Creek, Shasta Retreat, 4 mi. E Shasta City, Pondosa, Klamath Hot

Springs, 3 mi. W Yreka, 14 mi. N Tennant. Lassen Co.; Susanville,

Wendell, Hallelujah Jet., Norvell Flats. Contra Costa Co.: Orinda,

Concord. San Mateo Co.: Redwood City. Fresno C o .: Watts Valley,

Jose Basin, Huntington Lake, Camp Greeley, Kings River Canyon,

Tollhouse, Auberry. Glenn Co.; Orland, Fruto. Shasta Co.: Cassel,

Burney Creek Hatchery, 5 mi. N Cassel, Castle Craigs, Cayton, Hat

Creek. Santa Barbara C o .: 6 mi. N Los Olivos, Chino Creek, Sunset

Valley, Santa Barbara. Plumas Co.; Lake Almanor. Nana Co.: Samuel

Springs, Putah Creek. San Benito C o .: San Benito. Modoc Co.:

Davis Creek, Goose Lake. Calaveras Co.; Mokelumne Hill, Murphy.

San Joaquin Co.: Lodi, Stockton. Tuolumne Co.: China Camp, Twain-

Harte. Mendocino Co.; Hearst, Camass Swamp. Sacramento Co.:

Sycamore Pk. Amador Co.; Sutter Creek. Butte Co.; Richarson

Springs. Nevada C o .: Sagehen Creek. Not placed to County: High

Peak, Keddie, Owens Valley, Tebec, Stockdale, Pine Mt. Summit, Daisy

Dill Ranch.

IDAHO (23) VI, VII, VIII. Owyhee Co.: 8 mi. SE Brunear, Hot Springs.

Franklin Co.: Preston. Clearwater Co.: Ross. Nez Perce Co.:

Lewiston. Ada Co.: Boise. Canyon Co: Parma. Not placed ^.o County:

Riverdale, Blue Lakes, Snake River Canyon. 136

NEVADA (92) VI, VII, VIII. Washoe Co.; Nixon, 3 mi. N Nixon, Reno,

5 mi. N Nixon, Sparks, Verdi, 6 mi. E Verdi. Pershing C o .: Love­ locks. Lyon Co.: Yerington, Wabuska. Churchill C o .; 5 mi. S Fallon on Hwy. 50.

OREGON (64) VI, VII. Umatilla Co.: Umatilla. Klamath Co.: Bly.

Jackson Co.: Medford, Ashland. Clakamas Co.: Colton. Douglas

Co; Diamond Lake, Roseburg. Grant C o .; 9 mi. S Dale. Lane Co.;

Springfield. Benton Co.; Corvallis. Harney Co.; P. Ranch. Not placed to County: White Swan.

UTAH (154) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Cache Co.: Logan, 1 mi. W Logan.

Utah Co.; Provo, Vineyard, Utah Lake, Lehi. Salt Lake Co.; Salt

Lake City. Weber Co.: Plain City, Farr West. Box Elder Co.:

Sevier Co.; Austin, Salina.

WASHINGTON (110) VI, VII, VIII. Chelan Co.: Leavenworth, Stehekan,

Wenatchee. Whitman Co.: Wawawai, Pullman. Kittitas Co.: Ellens- burg. Walla Walla Co.: Wallula. Yakima Co.: Yakima. Thurston

Co.: Rochester. Stevens Co.: Colville.

BRITISH COLUMBIA (166) V, VI, VII, VIII. Salmon Arm. Trail.

Merritt. Creston. Revelstoke. Peachland. Vancouver Is.

Not placed; Lansdowne. Rosen Lake. Riondel. Crawford Bay.

DOUBTFUL LOCALITIES (6). Dallas, Texas. Montana. Turkey Creek,

Colorado.

NO LOCALITY DATA (10)

1978 137

9* Colaspis Fabricius, 1801:411

TYPE: Chrysomela flayicornis Fabricius, 1787. Designated by

Latreille, 1810; (-occidentalis Linnaeus, 1758, according

to Clavereau, 1914, and others). Type locality: probably

Brazil.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Antennae filiform; tarsal claws appen- diculate; postocular lobes absent; prostemum constricted between coxae, width at narrowest point between coxae about two-thirds width of a coxa.

Bechyne (1950) designated Colaspis testacea Fabricius, 1801, as the type species of Colaspis, and synonymized the genus with

Metaxyonycha Chevrolat whose type species is also C^. testacea

Fabricius (see discussion under Metaxyonycha). This synonymy changed the name of Metaxyonycha to Colaspis. Bechyn£ then pro­ posed the name Maecolaspis as a new name for the "old" genus

Colaspis. and listed its type species as Chrysomela occidentalis

Linnaeus, 1758.

Bechyn£ either ignored or was unaware of the type species designated for Colaspis by Latreille (1810), and based his selection on the two species included in Colaspis by Laporte (1833) when he split up the Fabrician genus. These two species.are C^. crenata

(the type species of the genus Otilea Lefevre) and jC. testacea.

All this juggling of names was in vain, however, as Colaspis should stand in its old position with Chrysomela flavicornis 138

Fabricius (=occidentalis Linnaeus) as its type species, Maecolaspis

Bechyne is a synonym.

The last published key to the species of Colaspis was by

Horn (1892). The genus is currently under study by Milton Sanderson at the Illinois Biological Survey.

This genus contains several hundred species, all from the New

World. A checklist of the fifteen United States species is given below.

arizonensis Schaeffer 1933:466 Ariz.

chrysis (Olivier) 1808:886 N .C .-Tenn.

flavida Say 1824:295 east. U.S.-Ariz.

floridana Schaeffer 1933:471 Fla.

championi Jacoby 1881:137 Ariz.-Mex.

costipennis Crotch 1873:44 Fla.

crinicornis Schaeffer 1933:469 Tex.

favosa Say 1824:447 Dak.-Fla.

flavicostata Schaeffer 1933:470 Fla.

lata Schaeffer 1933:469 Nebr.

nigrocyanea Crotch 1873:45 Tex.-Ariz.-Mex.

pini Barber 1937:200 Fla.-La.

ssp. schotti Barber 1937:201 N.J.

subtropics Schaeffer 1906:235 Tex.

viridiceps Schaeffer 1933:468 Ariz. viriditincta Schaeffer 1919:329 Ariz.

?suilla (Fabricius), 1801:417 N. Araer.

?californica Boheman 1859:171 Calif.

?striata Say 1824:444 Mo. 140

10. Rhabdopterus Leffivre, 1885:46

TYPE: Colaspis hypochalceus Harold, 1875:139. Designated by

Lefevre, 1878. Type locality: Columbia, South America.

Rhabdophorus Lefevre, 1878, Mitth. Munch. Entomol. Ver. 2:126

(Descrip.). ----- Jacoby, 1882, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop.,

6(1):148.

Rhabdopterus Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, Ser.

2, 11(16):46 (New name for Rhabdophorus Lefevre. 1878,

nec Agassiz, 1846:320, Pisces). ----- Horn, 1892, Trans.

Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:226. Barber, 1943, Bull.

Brooklyn Entomol. Soc. 38:111 (Syn., Key, Illus.).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Prosternum very wide between coxae, wider than a coxa; antennae filiform; tarsal claws appendiculate; no postocular lobes.

DESCRIPTION: Moderately large, 4.0 to 6.0 mm long; color shining red-brown to dark brown, both above and below; legs often lighter.

Clypeus straight or slightly curved above labrum; triangular with lateral margins meeting between eyes; punctures usually lacking or sparse basally, dense at apex. An impressed median line extending from apex of clypeus to occiput usually present. Both sexes with raised impunctate areas dorsal to and between antennal sockets; these areas touching in males, separated in females. Last segments of labial and maxillary palpi not enlarged. Antennae one-half or 141 more length of body, filiform; segments six to eleven not much, if at all, larger than segments four and five. Eyes bulging, oval, slightly emarginate on inner side. Head not retractile into pronotum; postocular lobes not present. Sides of pronotum margined; anterior angles about 90°; posterior angles rounded with a setose tooth.

Epipleurae broad basally, impunctate, and extending to tips of elytra.

Humeri not prominent. Elytral punctures irregularly placed except at apex where striae are evident. Underside usually impunctate, sparsely pubescent. Tarsal claws appendiculate. Male front and middle tarsi with third segment dilated; aedeagus with basal condyles.

Females with last visible sternite tridentate. Both sexes with pygidium grooved.

DISCUSSION: Lefhvre (1878) described this genus under the pre­ occupied name Rhabdophorus (nec Agassiz, 1846, Pisces). He corrected the homonymy in his Catalogue (1885) by substituting the name

Rhabdopterus. He designated the type as Colaspis hypochalceus

Harold in 1878, and included three other new species. In 1885 he included only one North American species in the genus, R. picipes

(Olivier). Horn (1892) synonomized Colaspis praetexta Say with R. picipes (Olivier). Barber (1943) did much to straighten out this genus by describing three new species, removing R.. praetexta from synonymy, and writing a key to the six United States species that he recognized. Later (1946), Barber described another new species.

Females are impossible to separate at present, and the key 142 is based on male characters only. Many females have been associated with males, and in that way assinged to species, but many unassociated females remain unidentified. The most useful male characters seem to be the form of the hind tibiae and the aedeagus. The tibiae are either normal, growing slightly wider apically, they are abruptly dilated for the apical one-half with a ventral carina, or they are abruptly dilated for the apical one-third with a ventral carina.

The aedeagus varies greatly, but always has an apical lobe. The modifications of this apical lobe appear to be particularly useful in species separation.

The species of Rhabdopterus recognized in this work and the key characters deemed useful in identifying them are the result of a careful analysis of over 1200 specimens, 200 of which were unassociated females which could not be identified to species.

Nearly 150 males were dissected in order to study their genitalia.

Over 500 males were placed to species by dissection, by association with dissected males, or by other external male characters. The arrangement used here accomodates all the specimens examined better than any other arrangement tried.

Rhabdopterus contains over sixty species, all of them confined to the New World.

In this treatment one new species is described, one removed from synonymy, two placed in synonymy, and a new key to the seven recognized species is presented. 143

Key to the Males of the United States Species of the

Genus Rhabdopterus Lefevre

1. Distal 1/2 to 1/4 of hind tibia dilated, much

wider than same portion of middle tibia

(Figs. 10, 11)...... 2

1'. Distal 1/2 to 1/4 of hind tibia not dilated,

no larger than same portion of middle

tibia (Fig. 1 2 ) ...... 4

2(1). Only distal 1/4 of hind tibia dilated (Fig. 10);

aedeagus long, tapered, and pointed

(Fig. 59); widespread in eastern U.S.. . deceptor Barber

2'. Distal 1/2 of hind tibia dilated (Fig. 11);

aedeagus ending with a truncate or spatulate

apical lobe (Figs. 52, 54); Atlantic Coastal

Plain and Florida ...... 3

3(2'). Apical lobe of aedeagus broad, rounded at

tip, with a median ridge (Fig. 52);

Florida ...... blatchleyi Bowditch

3'. Apical lobe of aedeagus broad, spatulate, wider

distally than at base (Fig. 54); Atlantic

Coastal Plain ...... picipes (Olivier) 144

4(1'). Aedeagus broadly truncate with a very small,

narrow pointed apical lobe (Fig. 55);

Florida and Georgia ...... angustipertis n. sp.

4'. Apical lobe of aedeagus much broader and

more rounded at the tip (Figs. 53, 56,

57, 58); widespread in eastern U.S. into

T e x a s ...... 5

5(4’). Aedeagus large, longer than 2 mm; apical lobe

as wide as long, broadly rounded (Fig. 53);

Florida ...... bowditchi Barber

5 ’. Aedeagus 2 mm long or less; apical lobe

longer than wide (Figs. 56, 57, 58),

eastern U.S. into Texas ...... 6

6(5’). Length 5.0 to 5.5 mm; aedeagus 2 mm long

(Fig. 58); apical lobe at aedeagus twice

as long as wide; Texas ...... bottimeri Barber

Length 4.5 mm or less; aedeagus 1.5 mm long

or less; apical lobe variably shaped,

usually longer than wide and often tapered

or broadly rounded, seldom twice as long

as wide (Figs. 56, 57); widespread in

eastern U.S...... praetextus (Say) 145

Rhabdopterus blatchleyi Bowditch, New Status

(Fig. 52. Map XX)

Rhabdopterus blatchleyi Bowditch, 1921, Entomologist, 54:216

(Discussion), p. 234 (Descrip., type locality: "Dunedin, Fla.").

Rhabdopterus picipes (Olivier), Barber, 1943, Bull. Brooklyn

Entomol. Soc., 38:116 (in part).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind tibiae abruptly dilated in distal half; aedeagus truncate; apical lobe broadly rounded, as long as wide.

DESCRIPTION: Shining red brown both above and below; legs and antennae usually somewhat lighter.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or more on vertex, often denser between eyes.

Pronotum shining; punctures round, separated by their diameters or less. Scutellum triangular. Elytral punctures larger than those of pronotum, round, separated by their diameters or less.

Male hind tibiae dilated abruptly in distal half, with a ventral carina.

Aedeagus truncate; apical lobe braodly rounded, as long as wide, carinate medially (Fig. 52).

Length 4.0-6.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species is removed from synonymy with R. picipes (Olivier) because of the form of the apical lobe of the 146

aedeagus in the type. In typical R.. picipes the apical lobe is wider

-in the middle than at the base. The apical lobe in R. blatchleyi is no wider in the middle than at the base, it is broadly rounded, and the aedeagus as a whole is usually much larger. R. blatchleyi

is a darker, more metallic, larger form than R. picipes; it differs

from R. bowditchi in having the male hind tibiae abruptly dilated

in the distal half; the male hind tibiae in R. bowditchi are not

dilated. The aedeagi of R. bowditchi and R. blatchleyi are very

similar; both are large and have the apical lobe broadly rounded

and carinate medially. These three species seem to form a complex

in Florida and might interbreed.

BIOLOGY: Most specimens were collected during March and

April. Two specimens were collected in each of the months of

January, February, and May, and one was collected in July. There are no host data on the labels, but four specimens were collected at light.

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype is in the Bowditch Collection at

the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It is labeled "J'," "Dunedin, Fla.,

W. S. B. Coll., 4-2-15," "Type 9618." It is 6.0 mm long and 3.3 mm wide at the humeri. It lacks the right antenna, half of the left antenna, and the right metatarsus. The genitalia are mounted below

the specimen. Sixteen other specimens are with the type. One, a

female, has the same data as the type; eleven (4J’, 7-?) are from

"Dunedin, Fla." (one of the males does not have the hind tibiae 147 dilated, it is labeled "n. sp. ?" and is R. bowditchi); one male labeled "Charleston, 1858, J. Gray" (not dissected, it may be II. picipes); one male "Amer. Bor."; and two females "Fla." After all these specimens is a note which says "the d1 of picipes must be exam, at corap. mus. to det. the [undecipherable word] of hind tib."

DISTRIBUTION: This species is confined to Florida and southern Mississippi.

FLORIDA (32) I, II, III, IV, V. Highlands Co.: Lake Placid,

Archibold Bio. Station, Highlands Hammock St. Pk. Pinellas Co.:

Dunedin, Tarpon Springs. Sarasota Co.: Myakka River St. Pk.

Hillsborough Co.: Tampa. Dade Co.: Royal Palm Park.

MISSISSIPPI (1) VII. Not placed to County: Augusta.

Rhabdopterus bowditchi Barber

(Fig. 53. Map XXI)

Rhabdopterus bowditchi Barber, 1943, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc.,

38:114 (Key), p. 117 (Descrip., type locality: "Paradise Key,

Royal Palm Park" Florida).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind tibiae not abruptly dilated distally; aedeagus truncate; apical lobe broadly rounded. 148

DESCRIPTION: Shining red brown both above and below; legs and a antennae usually somewhat lighter.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by about their diameters.

Pronotum shining; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or less. Scutellum triangular. Elytral punctures twice as large as those of pronotum, round separated by their diameters or less.

Hale hind tibiae not abruptly dilated distally, may be gradu­ ally widened distally.

Aedeagus truncate, large; apical lobe rounded broadly, tongue­ shaped, carinate medially (Fig. 53).

Length 4.5-6.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: The lack of an abrupt dilation of the male hind tibiae is the only apparent difference between this species and

JL* blatchleyi. These tvro species are, in general, the most robust and darkest in color of the United States Rhabdopterus.

BIOLOGY: Most specimens seen were collected in early spring,

February, March, and April, and fewer in May and June. One specimen was collected in July, and one in October. A large series collected on June 7, 1949 in Miami, Fla. by Monahan and Merrill was on

"mango and Ixora leaves," and represent the only host data available.

A few were collected at lights. 149

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype, a male is labeled "d"," "Para­ dise Key, Fla. Mar. 10, -19. H. S. Barber," "Rhabdopterus bowdit­ chi Bar. Holotype USNM no. 56439." It is in the type collection at the United States National Museum; it is 5.4 mm long and 2.3 mm wide at the humeri; red brown in color, and in good condition.

None of the seven paratypes listed by Barber (1943) were seen.

DISTRIBUTION: This species is confined to peninsular Florida.

FLORIDA (104) II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX. Dade Co.: Homestead,

Miami, Biscayne, Paradise Key. Hendry Co.: Labelle. Glades Co.:

Palmdale. Volusia Co.: Enterprise, Coronado Beach. Sarasota Co.:

Myakka River Station. Pinellas Co.: Tarpon Springs. Highlands

Co.: Archibold Bio. Station. Palm Beach Co.: Belle Glade. Collier

Co.: Naples. Monroe Co. Brevard Co.: Haulover.

104 150

Rhabdopterus picipes (Olivier)

(Figs. 11, 54. Map XXII)

Colaspis picipes Olivier, 1808, Entomol. ... Coleop., 6:886

i(type locality: "From the cabinet of M. Bose" Probably

collected near Charleston, S. Car.).

Chalcophana picipes (Olivier), Chevrolat, 1837, in Dejean, Cat.

Coleop., ed. 3, rev., cor., aug., p. 432.

Rhabdopterus picipes (Olivier), Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy.

Sci. Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):47. ----- Horn, 1892, Trans.

Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:226 (in p a r t ) . Barber, 1943,

Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc., 38:114 (Key), p. 115

(Descrip., Syn.).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind tibiae dilated in distal half; aedeagus truncate; apical lobe truncate, widest in middle.

DESCRIPTION: Shining red brown both above and below; legs and antennae usually much lighter, often yellowish.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by about their diameters, denser around eyes.

Pronotum shining; sides evenly curved, widest at middle; punc­ tures small, round, separated by about their diameters. Scutellum triangular or rounded posteriorly. Elytral punctures about one and one-half times as large as those of pronotum, round, separated by their own diameters. 151

Male with hind tibiae abruptly dilated in distal half, with a ventral carina.

Aedeagus truncate; apical lobe truncate, widest in middle, raised above rest of aedeagus (Fig. 54).

Length 4.5-5.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: All United States Rhabdopterus were included under the name JR. picipes by Horn (1892). R. picipes (s.s.) is easily recognizable because it is the only species of Rhabdopterus north of Georgia with the male hind tibiae abruptly dilated in the distal half. The legs are often darker than those of R. praetextus, as

Barber points out, but it is doubtful that color can be relied on in this genus.

BIOLOGY: This species is collected in June, July, and August.

Three specimens from Mississippi were collected in April, and one from New Jersey was collected in September. Label host data include

"on blueberry," "Rhododendron," and "grub fed on cranberry root."

This species is probably the cranberry rootworm of New Jersey and neighboring areas, its host in the southern states has not been established.

TYPE MATERIAL: Olivier's type was collected by Bose, probably in Carolina near Charleston. It is either lost or destroyed accord­ ing to Mile. Berti (in litt.) of the Paris Museum. When it can be established that it is lost, a neotype should be designated. DISTRIBUTION: Rhabdopterus picipes is confined primarily to

the Coastal Plain from Connecticut to Florida to Louisiana, although, many specimens are from the Appalachian regions of North Carolina and

Tennessee, and two are from Ohio.

ALABAMA (4) VI. Mobile Co.: Mobile.

DELAWARE (3) VII, VIII. New Castle Co.: Newark. Sussex Co.:

Bethany Beach.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (1) V. Rock Creek Park

FLORIDA (3). Alachua Co.: Gainesville. Duval Co.: Jacksonville.

GEORGIA (3) VI. Fulton Co.: Atlanta. Floyd Co.: Cave Spring.

ILLINOIS (1) VII. Lee Co.: Dixon.

LOUISIANA (1) V. J5t. Tammany P .: Covington.

MARYLAND (33) VI, VII. Dorchester Co.: Lloyds. Anne Arundel Co.:

Odenton. Baltimore Co.: Sparrows Point, Baltimore. Prince Georges

Co.: Beltsville. Not placed to County: Sherwood Forest.

MASSACHUSETTS (12) VII. Plymouth Co.: East Wareham.

MISSISSIPPI (9) IV, V, VI, VIII. George Co.: Lucedale. Wayne Co.:

State Line. Forrest Co.: Hattiesburg.

NEW JERSEY (34) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Cape May Co.: Wildwood, Ocean

City, Cape May Court House. Atlantic Co.: Da Costa. Ocean C o .:

New Egypt, Seaside Heights, Lakehurst. Burlington Co.: Whitesbog.

Camden Co.: Collingswood. Morris Co.: Madison.

NEW YORK (4) VII. Westchester Co.: Pelham.

NORTH CAROLINA (18) V, VI, VIII. Wake Co.: Wake Forest. Madison Co.

Hot Springs. Buncombe Co.: Black Mts. Pender Co.: Atkinson. Durham 153

Co.: Durham, Willardsville. Moore Co.: Southern Pines. Iredell Co.;

-Stony Point. Not placed to County: Rnd Knob.

OHIO (2). Ross Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (2). Allegheny Co.

RHODE ISLAND (1). No further data.

SOUTH CAROLINA (3) V. Chesterfield Co.: Cambell's Lake St. Pk. Aiken

Co.: Aiken.

TENNESSEE (3) VI. Sevier Co.: Gatlinburg. Not placed to County:

Great Smoky Mts. Nat'l Pk.

VIRGINIA (27) VI, VII, VIII. Fairfax Co.: Vienna, Glencarlyn.

Princess Anne Co.: Cape Henry. Norfolk Co.: Norfolk.

164

Rhabdopterus angustipenis. New Species.

(Fig. 55. Map XXIII)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind tibiae not abruptly dilated distally; aedeagus truncate; apical lobe narrow, short.

DESCRIPTION: Shining red brown both above and below; legs and antennae usually lighter.

Head shining; punctures small, round separated by their diameters or more, denser around eyes. Median line impressed to near occiput.

Clypeus slightly curving along basal margin; punctures round, 154 densest at apex. Antennae filiform. Raised impunctate areas between antennae and below eyes touching in males, not touching in females.

Pronotum shining; anterior angles about 90°; posterior angles rounded, represented by a setose tooth; sides curved, widest at middle; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or less. No postocular lobes. Scutellum triangular or rounded post­ eriorly. Elytral punctures about twice as large as those of pro­ notum, round, separated by about their diameters, irregularly placed, except at apex where striae are evident.

Prosternum very wide between coxae, wider than a coxa.

Pygidium grooved.

Male hind tibiae not abruptly dilated distally; distal portion wider than proximal. Tarsal claws appendiculate.

Aedeagus truncate; apical lobe short, about one and one-half times as long as wide, usually rounded, narrow, usually less than one-fourth as wide as truncate end of aedeagus, only slightly, if at all, raised above level of rest of aedeagus (Fig. 55).

Length 4.0-5.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species is described from those Florida specimens in which the apical lobe of the aedeagus is very narrow and short. It differs markedly in this character from all other

Rhabdopterus, and especially from those found in Florida. Only 46 specimens have been seen, but the aedeagus is constant in all the males. The species is named for the narrow apical lobe of the aedeagus. 155

BIOLOGY: Many of the specimens seen were collected in February,

March, and April, while others were collected in June and July.

Three specimens were collected in October. There were no host data on the specimens examined.

TYPE MATERIAL: Holotype " S. Petersburg, Fla.," "Picipes ?

C. S. Schaeffer Coll. '35 HSB," in the United States National Museum.

1 paratype (J') "Tybee Is. VI-26 Ga." "Coll. by H.A. Wenzel," "H.W.

Wenzel Collection," in the Ohio State University Collection.

2 paratypes (J1) "Oneco, Manatee County, Florida D.M. Anderson," one collected March 25, 1954, the other April 1, 1954, in Cornell Univer­ sity Collection. 2 paratypes (J) "Brooksville, Fla. June, 1929

Darlington." "P.J. Darlington Co.." in Museum of Comparative Zoology.

The type is mounted on a paper point with the abdomen mounted at the base of this point. The aedeagus is glued to a bristle below this point. The specimen is red brown in color, 4.9 mm long, 2.5 mm wide at the humeri, and in good condition.

DISTRIBUTION: Rhabdopterus augustipenis is mainly found in

Florida and coastal Georgia; one specimen is from North Carolina, and one from South Carolina.

FLORIDA (37) II, III, IV, VI, X. Pinellas Co.: St. Petersburg.

Polk Co.: Bartow. Duval Co.: Jacksonville. Volusia Co.: Enterprise.

Hernando Co.: Brooksville. Manatee Co.: Oneco. Citrus Co.

GEORGIA (7) VI, VII. Glynn Co.: St. Simmons Is. Chatham Co.:

Tybee Is. 156

NORTH CAROLINA (1). No further data.

•LOCALITY NOT FOUND (1): South Merritsville, S. Carolina.

46

Rhabdopterus praetextus (Say)

(Figs. 12, 56, 57. Map XXIV)

Colaspis praetexta Say, 1824, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia,

3:442 (Type locality: "United States"). ----- Crotch, 1873,

Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 25:44 (Descrip.)

Rhabdopterus picipes, Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc.,

19:226 (Descrip., Diag., Syn.). ----- Auct. (nec Olivier,

1808, Entomol. ...Coleop., 6:886).

Rhabdopterus praetexta (Say), Barber, 1941, in Jones, J. Econ.

Entomol., 34:321 (in part). ----- Barber, 1943, Bull. Brooklyn

Entomol. Soc., 38:114 (Key), p. 117 (Syn., Descrip., Neotype

des.).

Rhabdopterus spiculatus Barber, 1943, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc.,

38:114 (Key), p. 118 (Descrip., Type locality: "Notch Road,

South Amherst, Mass."). NEW SYNONYMY

Colaspis subaenea Schaeffer, 1919, J. New York Entomol. Soc.,

27:328 (nec Jacoby, 1890.), (Type locality: "Brownsville, Texas"). 157

Colaspis weisel Schaeffer, 1920, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc.,

15:117 (Substitute for C. subaenea Schaeffer, 1919) .

NEW SYNONYMY

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind tibiae not dilated distally; aedeagus truncate; apical lobe as long or longer than broad, often narrowing distally.

DESCRIPTION: Shining red brown both above and below; legs and antennae much lighter, often pale yellow.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or more, somewhat denser around eyes.

Pronotum shining; sides curved, widest at or just behind middle; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or less.

Hind tibiae of males not abruptly dilated distally, distal part only gradually and slightly wider than proximal.

Aedeagus truncate; apical lobe as long or longer than broad, often narrowing distally, not or only slightly raised above level of rest of aedeagus (Figs. 56, 57).

Length 4.0-5.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: The aedeagi, while retaining the general shape described above, vary greatly, especially in the degree of narrowing and length of the apical lobe.

A small variety occurs near Brownsville, Texas. Apparently it is R. weisei (Schaeffer) which is here synonymized with R. praetextus. 158

The type of R. weisei was not seen, but Barber (1943) says it closely resembles R.. praetextus, and is represented only by a unique male type in the schaeffer Collection from Brownsville, Texas.

Over 35 specimens from Brownsville have been studied, and all are only small R. praetextus. The genitalia of all are nearly identical, and fall well within the range of variation included in II. prae­ textus .

Rhabdopterus spiculatus, also synonymized with R. praetextus, appears to be a variety with a slightly longer and more narrowing apical lobe of the aedeagus. The shape of this lobe appears to be intermediate between R. praetextus and R. deceptor, but except for the type, only one other specimen having a similarly shaped apical lobe has been seen. In the type the hind tibiae are only slightly dilated distally. Some other specimens from New England have the male hind tibiae more abruptly dilated, but the apical lobe of the aedeagus is less narrowed and shorter, as in typical R. prae­ textus . Some of the specimens from the New England area may be hybrids of R,. praetextus and R. deceptor. New England is at or near the northeastern edge of the range of both species.

BIOLOGY: The great majority of collections were made in June and July. Host data on the specimens includes only "on Fuschia."

TYPE MATERIAL: Say's type is destroyed. Barber (1943) selected as neotype a male bearing the label "Philadelphia, Pa., 6-22-

99," "Geo. M. Greene Coll.," "Colaspis praetexta HSB 1942, Say 1824," 159

"Neotype USNM 56438." It is in the type collection at the United

States National Museum. It is 4.2 mm long and 2.6 mm wide at the humeri. The antennae are broken after the sixth segments, the right

legs and left tarsi are missing, and the aedeagus is mounted on a bristle below the specimen.

The holotype of JR. spiculatus Barber was seen in the type

collection at the United States National Museum. It is a male

labeled "J*," "Fred K. Knab," "5 Aug. 1902. Notch Road, South

Amherst, Mass," "Rhabdopterus spiculatus Bar. Holotype USNM 56440."

It is 4.4 mm long, 2.1 mm wide at the humeri, and red brown in

color. The antennae are both broken off at about one-half their

lengths. There are five paratypes, two with the same data as the

type, two from "Belknap Co., New Hampshire," and one from "Big

Diamond Isl., Portland, Maine."

DISTRIBUTION: Barber restricts R. praetextus to inland areas, but it occurs from New England to the plains states, and from Maine

to Florida to Texas.

ALABAMA (1). Randolph Co.: Wadley.

ARKANSAS (5) VI. Hempstead Co.: Hope.

CONNECTICUT (5) VII, VIII. Litchfield Co.: Goshen, Litchfield.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (9) VI, VII. 4 mi. NE Washington, Rock Creek.

FLORIDA (4) IV. Volusia Co.: Enterprise. Duval Co.: Jacksonville.

GEORGIA (3) V, VI. Fulton Co.: Atlanta. Chatham Co.: Savannah.

ILLINOIS (1) VII. Champaign Co.: Urbana. 160

INDIANA (1) VII. Morgan Co.: Martinsville.

IOWA (2) VI. Buchanan Co.: Independence. Johnson Co.

KANSAS (11) VI. Pottawatomie Co.; Onaga. Douglas Co.: Baldwin,

Lawrence.

KENTUCKY (1) VII. Owen Co.; Canby.

LOUISIANA (3). St. Landry P .: Opelousas.

MAINE (2) VII. Cumberland C o .: Big Diamond Is.

MARYLAND (32) V, VI, VII. Calvert Co.: Chesapeake Beach. Prince

Georges C o .: 10 mi. E Western Branch, Chevy Chase. Montgomery C o .:

Cabin John, 12 mi. NNW Washington. Baltimore Co.; Baltimore.

Anne Arundel Co.: Odenton.

MASSACHUSETTS (14) VI, VII, VIII. Franklin Co.: Greenfield.

Hampden Co.: Springfield, West Springfield, Hampshire Co.; South

Amherst.

MICHIGAN (5) VII. Berrien Co.: Oakland. Oakland Co.

MINNESOTA (17) VII. Hennepin Co.: Fort Snelling

MISSOURI (21) V, VI, VII. Clinton Co.: Cameron. Barry Co.: Roaring

River St. Pk. Jackson Co.

NEBRASKA (1). Nuckolls Co.: Superior.

NEW HAMPSHIRE (10) VI, VII. Stafford Co.: Durham. Grafton Co.;

Holderness, Hanover, Plymouth. Belknap Co.

NEW JERSEY (1) VI, VII. Camden Co.: Atco. Warren Co.; Phillipsburg.

NEW YORK (76) VI, VII, VIII. Tompkins C o .; Ithaca, Mclean Bog

Reserve. Oswego Co.; Pulaski. Niagara Co.: Lockport. £t. Lawrence

Co.: Massena. Erie Co.: Colden, Lancaster, Hamburg, Buffalo. 161

Rockland Co.: Stony Point. Chautauqua Co.; Dunkirk. Wayne Co.;

Red Creek. Westchester C o .: Croton Lake. Albany Co.: Albany.

Greene C o .

OHIO (14) VI, VII, VIII. Lorain Co.: Amherst. Ashtabula Co.:

Jefferson.

OKLAHOMA (6) VI. Choctaw Co.: Hugo. Craig Co.: Vinita.

PENNSYLVANIA (48) VI, VII, VIII. Monroe C o .; Delaware Water Gap.

Dauphin Co.: Dauphin. Delexrare Co.; Swarthmore. Northampton Co.:

Easton. Westmoreland Co.: Jeanette. Allegheny Co.; Aspinwall,

Pittsburg.

SOUTH CAROLINA (2) VI. Kershaw Co.: Camden.

TENNESSEE (1) VII. Davidson Co.; Nashville.

TEXAS (37) III, V, VI, VIII. Cameron Co.; Brownsville, Port

Isabel. Harrison Co.

VIRGINIA (13) VI, VII, VIII. Alexandria Co.: Rosslyn. Lee Co.:

Pennington Gap. Fairfax Co.; Great Falls. Spotsylvania Co.:

Fredericksburg.

WEST VIRGINIA (12) VI, VII. Greenbrier Co.: White Sulphur Springs.

Randolph Co.: Cheat Mts.

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND (7) VII. Joliette.

QUEBEC (15) VI, VII. S'Eusl'e. Knowlton. Wakefield. Montreal.

ONTARIO (4). Toronto.

NO LOCALITY DATA (4).

385 162

Rhabdopterus bottimeri Barber

(Fig. 58. Map XXV)

Rhabdopterus bottimeri Barber, 1946, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc.,

41:140 (Descrip., Fig. aedeagus, type locality: "Menard, Tex.").

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind tibiae slightly dilated in distal third; aedeagus truncate; apical lobe two or more times as long as broad.

DESCRIPTION: Shining red brown both above and below; legs and antennae lighter.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by about their diameters, denser around eyes.

Pronotum shining; sides curved, widest at or just behind middle; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or less. Scutellum triangular. Elytral punctures twice as large as those of pronotum, round, separated by less than their diameters.

Male hind tibiae slightly dilated in distal third.

Aedeagus truncate; apical lobe twice as long as wide, rounded at apex, slightly raised above level of rest of aedeagus, not carinate (Fig. 58).

Length 4.5-5.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: Barber (1946) based this species on the larger longer apical lobe of the aedeagus. It may only be a variety of

It. praetextus, but many specimens from Texas show the typical large 163

apical lobe, while a few specimens have the smaller lobe typical

of R. praetextus. Nothing that could properly be called an inter­

mediate between these two has been seen in the Texas material.

BIOLOGY: Most specimens seen were collected in April and

May; two were collected in June, and one in July. Label host data

include "on Cephalanthus,11 "on Polygonum," "honeysuckle," "feeding

on foliage of Polygonum sp," "Camellia japonica," "on rose," willow," "feeding on Cephalanthus occidentalis," and "beating

Sycamore, evidence of feeding."

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype, a male is in the United States

National Museum, and is labeled 'V," "Menard, Tex., L. J. Bottimer.

l-V-46," "USNM type 57983," "Rhabdopterus bottimeri Bar. Type 1946,"

"Internal sac drawn by Arthur Cushman 4-VI-46." It is 5.2 mm long,

3.1 mm wide at the humeri, red brown in color, and in good con­

dition. The aedeagus is mounted below the specimen on a bristle.

The 86 paratypes mentioned by Barber in the original description

are also in the United States National Museum. They are from various

places in Texas, most from Menard.

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs mainly in central Texas,

although one specimen is labeled from Arkansas.

ARKANSAS (1) VI. Hempstead Co.: Hope.

TEXAS (104) IV, V, VI, VII. Menard Co.: Menard. Gillespie Co.:

Fredericksburg. Tyler Co.: Campers Cove Park. Comal Co.: New

Braunfels. Gonzales Co.: Gonzales. Terrell Co.: Sanderson. 164

Bexar Co.: San Antonio. Uvalde Co.: Sabinal. Zavala Co.; Nueces

River. Cameron Co. Val Verde Co.

1 0 5

Rhabdopterus deceptor Barber

(Figs. 10, 25, 59. Map XXVI)

Rhabdopterus deceptor Barber, 1943, Bull. Brooklyn Entomol. Soc.,

38:114 (Key), p. 117 (Descrip., Type locality: "Spencer, Iowa").

Rhabdopterus praetextus (Say), Jones, 1941, J. Econ. Entomol.

37:321 (Barber ident. error).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind tibiae abruptly dilated in distal third; aedeagus narrowing gradually to apical lobe; apical lobe three or more times as long as its width at apex.

DESCRIPTION: Shining red brown above and below; legs and antennae lighter.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters, denser around eyes.

Pronotum shining; sides curved, widest at or just behind middle; punctures small, round, separated by about their diameters.

Scutellum triangular, or rounded at apex. Elytral punctures twice as large as those of pronotum, round, separated by their own diameters. 165

Male hind tibiae abruptly dilated in distal third to fourth, with a ventral carina.

Aedeagus narrowing apically toward apical lobe; apical lobe not especially distinct from rest of aedeagus, narrowing gradually, at least three times as long as its width at apex, apex usually rounded (Fig. 59).

Length 4.5 - 5.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: Rhabdopterus deceptor has the most distinctive aedeagus of all the United States forms. There is little variation in the form of the aedeagus in this species. The male hind tibiae are abruptly dilated in the distal third, which is generally not the case in other members of the genus. (See also the discussion under R. preatextus of R. "spiculatus.")

BIOLOGY: Most specimens seen were collected in July and

August; some from Texas were collected as early as April. Label host data include "flowers of Spirea," "feeding on young Camellia,"

"on Callirrhoe involucrata," "Populus deltoides," "on Quercus wirgajona," "on Arachus tree," "on Elm," and "injurious to grape"

(from paratypes).

TYPE MATERIAL: Barber designates a male holotype and 45 male paratypes in the original description. The holotype is in the

United States National Museum, as are at least 37 of the 45 male paratypes he mentions, along with twelve females apparently incor­ rectly labeled paratypes. The type is labeled ’fleabeetles' 166 in cornfield nr. Spencer, Iowa. 18-6-41. Carl J. Drake. Very abun­ dant and doing great damage," "Rhabdopterus deceptor Holotype Bar.

USNM 56441." It is 5.5 mm long, and 2.9 mm wide at the humeri, dark red brown, and in good condition. The genitalia are mounted below the specimen.

DISTRIBUTION: Rhabdopterus deceptor is found throughout eastern and central United States, southern Canada, and into Texas.

ILLINOIS (12) VI, VII, VIII. Cook Co.: Edgebrook. LaSalle Co.:

Ottawa. Champaign Co.: Urbana.

INDIANA (2) VII. Knox Co.: Vincennes. Porter Co.

IOWA (26) VI, VII, VIII. Clay Co.: Spencer. Johnson C o .: Solon,

Iowa City. Dickinson Co.: Lake Okoboji. Union Co.: Creston.

KANSAS (13) VI. Republic Co.: Kackley. Shawnee Co.: Topeka.

Douglas Co.: Baldwin. Pottawatomie Co.: Onaga.

KENTUCKY (1). No further data.

LOUISIANA (1). Madison Co.: Tallulah.

MAINE (1) VII. Oxford Co.: Paris.

MASSACHUSETTS (2). Essex Co.: Lawrence.

MICHIGAN (9) VI, VII, VIII. Wayne Co.: Detroit. Midland Co.

MISSOURI (15) VI. Saline Co.: Marshall.

MONTANA (2) VII. No further data.

NEBRASKA (24) VII. Hall Co.: Grand Island. Lancaster Co.:

Malcolm. Adams Co.: Kenesaw.

NEW JERSEY (4) V. Cape May Co.: Cape May Court House. Not placed 167

to County: Snake Hill.

NEW YORK (18) VI, VII, VIII. Niagara Co.: Olcott. Suffolk Co.:

Stony Point.

NORTH DAKOTA (1) VI. Cass Co.: Kindred.

OHIO (1) VII. Ashland Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (16) VII. Philadelphia Co.: Norwood. Butler Co.:

Evans City. Allegheny Co.

SOUTH CAROLINA (1) VI. Kershaw Co.: Camden.

SOUTH DAKOTA (1). Brookings Co.: Volga.

TEXAS (60) IV, V. Harris Co.: Houston. Brazos Co.: College

Station. Dallas Co.: Dallas. Colorado Co.: Columbus.

Robertson Co.

UTAH (2). No further data.

WEST VIRGINIA (1) VI. Tyler Co.: Sisterville.

WISCONSIN (1) VII. Outagamie Co.: Hortonville.

ALBERTA (2). Waghorn.

MANITOBA (2). Winnepeg.

ONTARIO (2). Chatham. Severn.

QUEBEC (1). Bethierville.

LOCALITY NOT MAPPED (1). Can.

NO LOCALITY DATA (1).

223 168

11. Euphrytus Jacoby, 1881:124

TYPE: Euphrytus aeneus Jacoby. 1881. Designated by Bechynd, 1950.

Type locality: "Mexico, Puebla."

Euphrytus Jacoby, 1881, Biol. Cent.-Araer., Coleop., 6(1):124

(Descrip.). ----- Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege,

Ser. 2, 11(16):25.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Prosternum very narrow, width between coxae one-half or less width of a coxa; terminal segment of male maxillary palpi usually thicker than basal segments, truncate.

DESCRIPTION: Moderately large, 4.0-5.5 mm long; shining dark red brown both above and below, legs often lighter. Clypeus straight or very slightly curved above labrum, triangular, lateral sutures meeting between eyes. Both sexes with raised impunctate areas dorsal to and between antennal sockets, these usually not touching, but closer together in males. A faintly impressed median line usually present from apex of clypeus to occiput. Eyes bulging, oval, slightly emarglnate on inner side. Antennae filiform, one- half or more body length, not thickened distally. Male maxillary palpi usually with last segment thicker than others, truncate.

Head not retractile into pronotum; postocular lobes not present.

Sides of pronotum margined; anterior angles about 90°; posterior angles rounded, represented by a setose tooth. Epipleurae broad basally, impunctate, extendiixg to tips of elytra. Humeri prominent. 169

scutellum longer than wide, broadly rounded. Underside usually

impunctate, sparsely pubescent. Prosternum narrow between coxae, only one-half as wide as a coxa. No tibial spurs. Tarsal claws appendiculate. Hales with third segment of front and middle tarsi dilated; aedeagus with basal condyles. Both sexes with pygidium grooved.

DISCUSSION: Jacoby (1881) described the genus and included four species. Jacoby (1890) added several more Central American species, one of which, E.. lntermediusT is found north of Mexico. Schaeffer

(1933) described two new species from Arizona. These three species continue to constitute the genus north of Mexico.

Bechyn£ (1950) designated E_. aeneus Jacoby as type species. In

the original description Jacoby (1881) listed only one type locality:

"Mexico, Puebla," but spoke of a male and a female, so he had at

least two specimens. The British Museum (Natural History) has one syntype and ten other specimens of E_. aeneus. The male specimen labeled "Syntype," "Puebla," "Mexico Salle Coll.," "B.C.A. 122.1.,"

Euphrytus aenueus" is here designated lectotype. Among the other specimens is the one illustrated in the Biologia (Plate VII, fig.

25). The illustrated specimen was not chosen as lectotype because it was not from the type locality given in the original description.

Females of Euphrytus remain difficult, but not impossible, to separate. The characters mentioned in the key, such as the relative order of the elytral punctures and the presence or absence of an 170

Impunctate bubblelike area on the sides of the elytra often serve to separate females of Eh. Intermedius from females of the other two species. Still, many females cannot be identified. The males have good external characters as well as the characters of the aedeagus.

Euphrytus differs from Rhabdopterus and Colaspis by the very narrow prosternura between the coxae. All three of these genera appear very closely related morphologically.

The genus contains about 25 species from Central (most) and

South America.

A new key to the three species is presented.

Key to the United States Species of the Genus Euphrytus Jacoby

1. Anterior lateral margin of elytra with a raised

impunctate bubblelike area between last two

rows of punctures; elytral intervals subcostate;

last ventral abdominal segment of male with a

brushlike transverse row of hairs .... intermedius Jacoby

1'. Anterior lateral margin of elytra without a raised

impunctate bubblelike area between last two rows

of punctures, this area punctured as surrounding

areas; elytral intervals not subcostate; last

ventral abdominal segment of males lacking

a brush of hairs ...... 2 171

2(1'). Pronotum nearly as broad as elytra; posterior

femora of males with a strong excavation basally,

forming a strong tooth which is pointed toward

the body (Fig. 1 3 ) ...... snowi Schaeffer

2'. Pronotum much narrower than elytra; posterior

femora normal in both sexes parvicollis Schaeffer

Euphrytus intermedius Jacoby

(Fig, 60. Map XXVII)

Euphrytus intermedius Jacoby, 1890, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop.

Suppl., 6(1):207 (Descrip., Type locality: here restricted

to Puenta de Ixtla).

Colaspis intermedia (Jacoby), Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc., 19:226.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Anterior lateral margin of each elytron with a raised impunctate bubblelike area; last ventral abdominal segment of male with a brushlike transverse row of hairs.

DESCRIPTION: Dark red brown both above and below; legs and antennae often lighter.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by two to three times their diameters. Clypeal punctures larger, round, 172

a

separated by their diameters or less.

Pronotum shining; sides curved, maximum width at or just behind middle, this as wide as elytra at humeri; punctures as small as those of head, round, separated by their diameters or less. Elytral punctures twice as large as those of pronotum, round, separated by their diameters, irregularly placed, except at sides and apex where striae are evident; anterior lateral margin of each elytron with an impunctate bubblelike area between last two rows of punctures.

Hind tibiae dilated at apex with a ventral carina. Hind femora in middle third as wide as long, not notched. Last abdominal sternite of male with a brushlike transverse row of hairs.

Aedeagus with apex rounded, a small apical lobe present; aedeagus in side view angulate, narrowing gradually toward apex

(Fig 60).

Length A.2-5.4 mm.

DISCUSSION: Jacoby (1890) described this species from Mexico.

The males have a dense transverse row of hairs on the last abdominal sternite. Other species may have hairs here, but none have such a thick tuft. The females are the only United States form with a raised, impunctate, bubblelike area on the anterior lateral margin of each elytron. The three United States species are quite close morphologically.

BIOLOGY: The great majority of specimens seen were collected in July and August; a few were collected in the months of June, 173

September, October, and November. No host data were available on

the specimens seen; many were collected at night at lights.

TYPE MATERIAL: Jacoby had specimens from three localities,

• but did not select a holotype. A male specimen in the British

Museum is designated lectotype. It is labeled "Syntype," "Puenta

de Ixtla, Morelos 3500 ft. June. H. H. Smith," "B.C.A. 207. 2.B."

The specimen is pinned through the right elytron, and this pin is

cut off above and below the specimen and pinned to a paper point

which is mounted on a newer pin. The abdomen is mounted on this

paper point, and the aedeagus is in a plastic vial below this

point. The British Museum has sixteen additional syntypes which

should be considered paralectotypes. These are from "N. Sonora,

Mexico" (3), "Chilpancingo, Guerrero, H. H. Smith" (1), and "Iguala,

Guerrero. Hoge" (12). They also have two specimens from "Chil­

pancingo, Guerrero" collected by Hoge which were not mentioned by

Jacoby in the Biologia. There are six more paralectotypes in the

Museum of Comparative Zoology. These are all labeled "Jacoby 2nd

Collection," and are from "N. Sonora, Mexico" collected by Morrison

(3), "Chilpancingo, Guerrero" collected by Smith (1), and "Iguala,

Guerrero" collected by Hoge (2).

DISTRIBUTION: This species is found in Arizona and south

into Mexico.

ARIZONA (133) VI, VII, VIII, IX, X. Cochise Co.: Douglas, 6 mi. 174

E Pearce, 7 mi. SE Pearce, Chiricahua Mts., Huachuca Mts. Santa Cruz

Co; Patagonia, Pena Blanca, 2 mi. W Sonoita, Calabasas Canyon,

Nogales, Tumacacori Mts., Sycamore Canyon, Yanks Spring, Badger,

3 mi S. Patagonia. Gila Co.; Globe, Claypool, Pinal Mts., Cutter.

Pima Co.; Tucson, Baboquivari Mts., Sahuarita. Not placed to

County: Three Points.

133

Euphrytus parvicollis Schaeffer

(Fig. 61. Map XXVIII)

Euphrytus parvicollis Schaeffer, 1933, J. New York Entomol. Soc.,

41:465 (Descrip., Diag., Type locality: "S. Rita Mts., Ariz.")»

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Pronotum narrower than base of elytra.

DESCRIPTION: Dark red brown both above and below; legs and antennae often lighter.

Head shining; punctures small, round, separated by one to three times their diameters. Clypeal punctures slightly larger, round, separated by their diameters or less.

Pronotum shining; sides curved, widest at or just behind middle, maximum width less than width of elytra at humeri; punctures as small as those of head, round, separated by their diameters or less. 175

Elytral punctures twice as large as those of pronotum, round, sepa­ rated by their diameters, roughly arranged into double rows separated by a faint raised costa, especially at sides and apex. Each elytron without a raised impunctate bubblelike area on anterior lateral margin.

Hind femora in middle about one-third as wide as long, not notched. Hind tibiae dilated at apex, with a ventral carina. Last abdominal segment of male without brushlike transverse row of hairs.

Aedeagus with apex triangular in orificial view; in side view gradually narrowing toward apex (Fig. 61).

Length 4.0-4.6 mm.

DISCUSSION: This is the smallest species of United States

Euphrytus. The pronotal width is always less than the width of the base of the elytra between the humeri. Males are usually best identified by a process of elimination, as they lack the peculiar modifications of the two other species. Females are usually im­ possible to identify unless associated with males.

BIOLOGY: One specimen seen was collected in September, while all others were collected in July and August. There were no host data with the specimens seen.

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype, a male, is in the United States

National Museum. It is labeled "S. Rita Mts., VII Ariz. Marsden

Coll.,” "Holotype parvicollis C. S. 1934 Schaeffer Coll. 1935 176

Barber," "Charles Schaeffer Collection," "H. S. Barber Bequest 1950,"

"Euphrytus parvicollis Schffr." It is 4.9 mm long, 2.3 mm wide at the humeri, brown with the pronotum slightly darker, and is in good condition. No paratypes were seen, although one is mentioned in the original description.

DISTRIBUTION: Arizona and south into Mexico.

ARIZONA (94) VII, VIII, IX. Santa Cruz Co.: Canelo, Ruby, Pena

Blanca, Nogales, Patagonia Mts., Calabasas Canyon, Mt. Washington,

Santa Rita Mts., Madera Canyon. Gila Co.: Globe. Cochise C o .:

Huachuca Mts., Miller Canyon, Douglas.

94

Euphrytus snowi Schaeffer

(Figs. 13, 26, 62. Map XXIX)

Euphrytus snowi Schaeffer, 1933, J. New York Entomol. Soc.,

41:464 (Descrip., Diag., Type locality: here restricted to

Douglas, Ariz.).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Male hind femora strongly notched near middle forming a large tooth.

DESCRIPTION: Dark red brown both above and below; legs and antennae often somewhat lighter. 177

Head shining; punctures small, oval to round, separated by their diameters, sparser near occiput. Clypeal punctures round, denser than those of vertex, especially at apex, separated by less than their diameters.

Pronotum shining; sides curved, widest at or just behind middle, maximum width equals or exceeds width of elytra at humeri; punctures as small as or smaller than those of head, oval to round, separated by less than their diameters. Elytral punctures twice as large as those of pronotum, round, separated by their diameters or usually less, irregularly placed, except at apex where striae are faintly evident. Elytra without a raised impunctate bubblelike area on anterior lateral margin.

Hind femora in middle about one-third as wide as long; those of male notched before middle forming a large tooth. Hind tibiae not dilated at apex, without a distinct ventral carina. Last abdominal segment of male without brushlike transverse row of hairs.

Aedeagus with apex rounded, a small apical lobe present; aedeagus in side view very thick almost to apex (Fig. 62).

Length 4.0-5.4 mm.

DISCUSSION: This is the darkest and most densely punctate species in the genus. The hind femora of the males are very diag­ nostic. Jacoby described this condition as characteristic for the genus, then proceeded to describe other species that lacked it. 178

BIOLOGY: One specimen was collected in June; all the rest were collected in July and August. The only host data on the specimen labels were "willow-cottonwood."

TYPE MATERIAL: The type specimen, a male, is in the United

States National Museum. It is labeled "cT,11 "Douglas, Ariz. F. H.

Snow," "Euphrytus snowi Schaef. 1934. Lectotype H. S. B. ’41,"

"Charles Schaeffer Collection," "H. S. Barber Bequest 1950." It is 5.3 mm long, 2.4 mm wide at the humeri, red brown in color, and in good condition. The aedeagus has been dissected, and it is mounted below the specimen. No paratypes were seen, although they were referred- to in the original description. The lectotype desig­ nation is here accepted.

DISTRIBUTION: Euphrytus snowi is found in Arizona and south into

Mexico.

ARIZONA (40) VI, VII, VIII. Santa Cruz Co.: Canelo, Sonoita, 8 mi.

N Sonoita, 10 mi. E sonoita, Patagonia Mts., 2 mi SW Patagonia,

Nogales, 8 mi. E Sierra Vista, 2.5 mi. W Harshaw. Cochise C o .:

Hereford, Chiricahua Mts., Pinery Canyon, Douglas, 25 mi. E Sonoita,

5 mi. SW Portal. Pima Co.: Tucson. Gila Co.: Base of Pinal Mts.

40 179

12. Metaxyonycha Chevrolat, 1837:430

TYPE: Colaspis testacea Fabricius, 1801. Designated by Bechyn£,

1950. Type locality: Brazil.

Metazyonycha Chevrolat, 1837, in Dejean, Cat. Coleop., 3 ed., rev.,

cor., aug., p. 430. Chevrolat, 1846, in d'Orbigny, Diet.

Univ. Hist. Nat., 8:172. ----- Chapuis, 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins.,

Gen. Coleop., 10:246 (Descrip.).

Metaxyonycha Marshall, 1864, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 3, 13:382

(Descrip., Spelling correction). ----- Lef&vre, 1875, Revue

Mag. Zool., Ser. 3, 3:65. Jacoby, 1881, Biol. Cent.-

Amer., Coleop., 6(1):128 (Descrip.). ----- Lefhvre, 1885, Mem.

Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):27 (Descrip., Synonymy).

Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:227 (Diag.,

Key). ----- Bechyne, 1950, Mitt. Muench. Entomol. Gesells.

40:275 (Type designation). ----- Brown, 1961, Canad. Entomol.

93:972 (Not a synonym of Colaspis).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Tarsal claws appendiculate; post­ ocular lobes not present; middle tibiae excavate just before apex.

DESCRIPTION: Large, 4.8-9.0 mm long; elongate; usually light colored. Clypeus triangular, base slightly emarginate. Antennae about one-half body length; segment one globose, two very short, four through eleven about same length and thickness; filiform.

Eyes bulging. Distal segment of maxillary palpi not dilated. 180

Postocular lobes not present. Epipleurae broad basally, Impunctate, extending to tips of elytra. Underside impunctate; sparsely pubes­ cent. Prosternum narrow between coxae, width at widest point between coxae about one-half width of a coxa; widest point of pro­ sternum just between coxae, narrower just before and behind this point. Tibiae with two toothlike outer apical processes; no apical spurs. Tarsal claws appendiculate; male with third tarsal segment dilated. Aedeagus with basal condyles.

DISCUSSION: This genus was first used in the Dejean Catalogue

(1837), spelled Metazyonycha; it included nine described species and was credited to Chevrolat. Chevrolat (1846) described the genus and included five species, all South and Central American.

Marshall (1864) corrected the spelling to Metaxyonycha based on a translation of the Greek used by Chevrolat in 1846. The type,

Colaspis testacea Fabricius, 1801, was designated by Bechyne (1950).

It was one of the species included by Chevrolat in Dejean (1837) and by Chevrolat (1846) in Metaxyonycha.

Metaxyonycha is primarily a Central and South American genus.

It may be congeneric with Promecosoma Lefevre 1877 (type: P^. abdominale Leffevre), but too few species and types have been seen.

Promecosoma flohri Jacoby is here included in Metaxyonycha. The lectotype of P. flohri was seen and is morphologically very similar to M. arizonae. Further study of the Central American form of these two genera is necessary. 181

Metaxyonycha is similar to Colaspis, and Bechyne (1950) synony- mized these two genera. Brown (1961) removed Metaxyonycha from synonymy. It differs from Colaspis and Euphrytus in the pre-apical excavations of the meso- and metatibiae, and in the apical tooth-like processes of all the tibiae. It differs from Tymnes in lacking post­ ocular lobes.

The genus currently contains over fifty species, all from the

New World. Two species are recognized in the United States, one name is synonymized, and a new key is presented.

Key to the United States Species of the Genus Metaxyonycha Chevrolat

1. Elytra either entirely light brown, or brown with

a green or bluish vitta extending their full

length; this vitta about 1/2 the width of the

elytron, but emarginate just behind the

humerus ...... arizonae Crotch

1*. Elytra entirely green or blue-green, often

shining flohri Jacoby 182

Metaxyonycha arlzonae (Crotch)

(Fig. 63. Map XXX)

Colaspis arizonae Crotch. 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

25:45 (Descrip., Type locality: "Arizona"). -----

LeConte, 1884, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 12:27.

Metaxyonycha arizonae (Crotch), Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc., 19:227 (Descrip., Key).

Metaxyonycha circumcincta Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc.,

19:228 (Descrip., Type locality: "Arizona, New Mexico"),

p. 227 (Key). NEW SYNONYMY

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra partly or completely light brown in color, may be marked with shining blue-green vittae.

DESCRIPTION: Brown to light brown both above and below; tarsi and outer segments of antennae usually darker; most with posterior portion of pronotum and a wide anteriorly emarginate vitta on each elytron, shining blue to blue-green; these markings may be reduced or absent.

Head extremely rugosely sculptured.

Pronotum shallowly, coarsely punctured, punctures merging to form confused rugae; hind angles extremely rounded, tooth re­ duced; pronotum widest just before hind angles; wider at widest part than width of elytra at humeri. Scutellum longer than wide, bluntly rounded posteriorly. Elytra with large punctures on disc, 183 punctures merging at sides and apex, forming rugose sculpturing; apex of elytra, especially in males, semicircularly emarginate.

Humeri not prominent. Elytra widest just behind humeri and tapered to apex.

Meso- and metatibiae with a slight excavation on outer margin just before apex. Pygidium without medial groove.

Aedeagus only slightly curved in side view; apex just barely asymetrical, very narrow, about four times as long as wide, rounded with a small central point (Fig. 63).

Length 7.0-9.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species was described by Crotch from specimens collected in Arizona. The type specimen does not have the distinctive vitta on each elytron, but many other specimens lacking the vittae have been seen. One or more Jacoby or Lef&vre names may be synonymous with this one, but a further study of the Central American forms is necessary.

Horn (1892 ) described and named the vittate form M. circum- cincta. Since these vittae occur in all degrees from absent to covering one-half or more of the elytron, they are not considered diagnostic, and the non-vittate forms are merely a variety. The vittate specimens often have a band of color on the posterior part of the pronotum also.

BIOLOGY: Adults have been collected mainly in August. No host data were available from the specimens examined. 184

TYPE MATERIAL: A specimen in the LeConte Collection at the

Museum of Comparative Zoology is here designated lectotype. It is a female, and is labeled with a silver disk and "J. L. LeConte Coll.,"

"Type-5067," "C. arizonae Cr." It is 9.0 mm long and 4.0 mm wide at the humeri, brown to red-brown in color with the pronotum and underside somewhat dirker than the elytra. The specimen has the right antenna, one-half the left antenna, the pro- and mesotarsi of both sides, and the left metathoracic leg missing. With the type are five other specimens. All five have vittate elytra, which is not mentioned in Crotch's description, therefore, they are not con­ sidered as part of the original type series. Three of these are from Arizona, and the other two are from New Mexico.

A specimen in the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia labeled "Ari," "Lectotype 3785," "M. circumcincta Horn" is desig­ nated lectotype of M. circumcincta. The origin of the lectotype label is not known. This specimen and five others in the general collection labeled "Paratype 3785" are of the vittate variety. Two of the five specimens are from Arizona and the other three are from New Mexico.

These five specimens should be considered paralectotypes. M. cir­ cumcincta is a synonym of M. arizonae based on a study of their respective types.

DISTRIBUTION: This species is found in southern Arizona, New

Mexico, and south into Mexico.

ARIZONA (198) VII, VIII. Santa Cruz Co.: 2 mi. W Sonoita, Patagonia

Mts. 185

NEW MEXICO (6) VII. San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas.

204

Metaxyonycha flohri (Jacoby). New Combination.

(Fig. 64. Map XXXI)

Promecosoma flohri Jacoby, 1890, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., Suppl.,

6(1):219 (Descrip., Plate XL, Fig. 25, Type locality: "Refugio,

Durango," Mexico).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra completely dark green in color.

DESCRIPTION: Head, pronotum, and legs orange to light brown; underside and distal segments of antennae darker; elytra dark green.

Head densely punctate; punctures large, variously shaped, separated by their diameters or less, smaller, denser than those of vertex.

Pronotum shallowly, coarsely punctured; punctures often merging, especially at margins, to form confused rugae; pronotum widest just before posterior angles, maximum width subequal to width of elytra at humeri; posterior angles rounded, tooth reduced. Scutellum longer than wide, truncate or bluntly rounded posteriorly. Elytra with large round punctures, separated by their diameters or less, punctures often merging near apex; interpunctural areas finely 186 granular. Elytra widest just behind humeri, tapered toward apex, the latter not emarginate.

Meso- and metatibiae with an excavation just before apex on outer side, this excavation well marked. Pygidium without medial groove, or with only a faint indication of one.

Aedeagus only slightly curved in side view; apex broadly rounded; long, about three and one-half times as long as broad (Fig. 64).

Length 4.8-8.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: The lectotype from Mexico has been studied, and compared with three specimens collected in Arizona. The Arizona specimens, two of which are females, are very similar to it, but I am not certain that they are the same. The aedeagus of the single male from Arizona is also similar to that of the lectotype. The possibility that these three Arizona specimens are some other species of Promecosoma or Metaxyonycha described by Lef&vre or Jacoby remains.

Since I have not seen very many specimens, and then only specimens of M. flohri and M. arizonae, I cannot estimate the amount of vari­ ation in the species in this genus and in Promecosoma. Again, more study of the Central American forms is necessary. The above descrip­ tion is based on the type series rather than the three Arizona specimens. In this work I am considering the three Arizona specimens to be M. flohri.

BIOLOGY: One specimen collected July 27, one August 8, and one

August 9. No .host data were available on the specimens studied. 187

TYPE MATERIAL: A male specimen in the British Museum is desig­ nated lectotype. It is labeled "Syntype," "Rufugio Durango Hoge,"

"B.C.A. 219. 2.A," "Promecosoma flohri Jac." It is 6.0 mm long,

3.0 mm wide at the humeri, the elytra are entirely green, the head, pronotum, underside, and legs are orange. The specimen is in good condition, and is glued to the end of a paper point; the genitalia are contained in a plastic vial mounted below the specimen.

There are eleven paralectotypes in the British Museum. These are from "Refugio, Durango" (9), and "Durango City" (1), all collected by Hoge, and one collected by Flohr from "Maravatio

Mexico." Five more paralectotypes are in the Museum of Comparative

Zoology. These are labeled "Refugio, Durango Hoge," "2nd Jacoby

Coll." All of this type material has been seen.

DISTRIBUTION: Mexico and north into Arizona.

ARIZONA (3) VII, VIII. Santa Cruz C o .: Patagonia, Patagonia Mts.

Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mts. 188

13. Tymnes Chapuis, 1874:310

TYPE: Tymnes verticalis Chapuis, 1874. By monotypy. Type locality:

"Amerique nieridionale." Verticalis = tricolor (Fabricius),

1801, according to Lefdvre, 1876, and others.

Stenodiloba Chevrolat, 1837, in Dejean, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, aug.,

cor., rev., p. 431 (Nomen nudum). ----- Leffivre, 1876, Soc.

Entomol. France, Bull., Ser. 5, 6:CCXXX (Synonym of Tymnes).

Typophorus Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 25:38 (nec

Chevrolat, 1837, Coleop.). ----- Leffevre, 1876, Soc. Entomol.

France, Bull., Ser. 5, 6:CCXXX (Synonym of Tymnes).

Tymnes Chapuis. 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins., Gen. Coleop., 10:310

(Descrip.). ----- Lef&vre, 1876, Soc. Entomol. France, Bull.,

Ser. 5 6:CCXXX (Syn.). ----- Jacoby, 1882, Biol. Cent.-Amer.,

Coleop., 6(1):173. Leffevre, 1885, Mem-, Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):115 (Syn.). ------Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer.

Entomol. Soc., 19:221 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Postocular lobes present; punctures on pro- notum coarse, dense; antennal segment three as long or longer than four.

DESCRIPTION: Large, 3.8-7.5 mm long; elongate; often shining and metallic; punctures of head, pronotum, and elytra often dense; eyes moderately bulging. Male maxillary palpi with last segment dilated, truncate. Antennae filiform, third segment as long as or 189 longer than fourth. Frontal tubercles usually present. Head re­ tractile into prothorax past posterior margin of eyes; postocular lobes or sinuations present on prothoracic apex. Sides of pronotum margined. Pronotum usually narrower than, or about as wide as, width of elytra between humeri. Humeri not prominent. Epipleurae may be punctate, extend to tips of elytra. Prosternum about as wide between coxae as width of a coxa. Pygidium grooved. Third tarsal segments of male dilated; tarsal claws appendiculate. Aedeagus with basal condyles.

DISCUSSION: This genus is relatively easy to characterize.

It seems to be the morphological counterpart of Euphrytus in eastern United States, but differs in possessing postocular lobes or sinuations on the anterior lateral margins of the prothorax.

In both these genera the terminal segments of the male maxillary palpi are dilated and truncate.

Crotch (1873) had included Chrysomela tricolor Fabricius and two new species (metasternalis and oregonensis) in a new genus given the preoccupied name Typophorus (nec Chevrolat, 1837). Chapuis

(1874) described the genus Tymnes and included one species, _T. verticallis. Lef&vre (1876) synonymized T_. verticalis with £. tri­ color, and pointed out that the proper name of the genus should be

Tymnes. At the same time he synonymized Stenodiloba Chevrolat,

1837, (a nomen nudum) with Tymnes. Horn (1892) included three

United States species in Tymnes, one of which was new (T. violaceus). 190

He placed Typophorus oregonensis Crotch in Colaspis where it has

remained until now.

Colaspis oregonensis (Crotch) is returned to Tymnes on the basis of the postocular sinuations and the truncate terminal seg­ ments of the male maxillary palpi. Another species, Colaspis chrysis Olivier, from North Carolina and Tennessee may belong in this genus, but it lacks distinct postocular lobes and the form of the anterior margin of the prothorax is more like that of Euphrytus.

For the present I have left Ci. chrysis in Colaspis. A new key to

the four recognized species is presented,

Tymnes currently contains about ten species; all in the New

World.

Key to the United States Species of the Genus Tymnes Chapuis

I. Metasternum coarsely, often strigosely punctate ...... 3

II. Metasternum almost impunctate, smooth and shining .... 2

2(1’). Size large, 4.8 to 7.3 mm long; color usually

brown, often bronzed green or purple, shining;

widespread in eastern U.S...... tricolor (Fabricius)

2'. Size smaller, 4.0 to 5.0 mm long; color deep

shining purple or blue-green;western Penn.,

Ohio, and SW New Y o r k ...... violaceus Horn 191

3(1). Size small, 3.8 to 5.2 mm long; color brown;

Mass .-Georgia, 111.-Ala...... metasternalis (Crotch)

3®. Size larger, 5.0 to 7.0 mm long; color variable,

usually not brown, but green, blue or purple;

Oregon and California...... oregonensis (Crotch)

Tymnes tricolor (Fabricius)

(Figs. 7, 65. Map XXXII)

Chrysomela tricolor Fabricius, 1792, Entomol. Syst., Pt.l, p. 316

(Descrip., Type locality: "in Virginia").

Typophorus tricolor (Fabricius), Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Phil., 25:38. ----- Lef&vre, 1876, Soc. Entomol. France,

Bull., Ser. 5, 6:CCXXX (Synonymy).

Tymnes tricolor (Fabricius), Lef&vre, 1876, Soc. Entomol. France,

Bull., Ser. 5, 6:CCXXX (Synonymy). ----- Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer.

Entomol. Soc., 19:222 (Descrip.), p. 221 (Key).

Stenodiloba simplex Dejean, 1837, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, rev., aug.,

cor., p. 431 (nomen nudum, Type locality: "Amer. bor.").

Lefhvre, 1876, Soc. Entomol. France, Bull., Ser. 5,

6:CCXXX (Syn. of tricolor) .

Tymnes verticalis Chapuis, 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins., Gen. Coleop.

10:311 (Descrip., Type locality: "Amerique meridionale"). 192

— Lefevre, 1876, Soc. Entomol. France, Bull., Ser. 5,

6:CCXXX (Syn of tricolor). ----- Jacoby, 1882, Biol. Cent.-

Amer., Coleop., 6(1):174.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Anterior angles of pronotum not prolonged into teeth; metasternum sparsely smoothly punctate; large size, 4.8-7.3 mm long.

DESCRIPTION: Shining red-brown to bronzed or metallic blue or green above; underside, legs, and antennae usually red-brown or orange.

Head and clypeus densely punctate; punctures round, small, fine, separated by about their diameters, denser on clypeus. Clypeal base slightly emarginate.

Pronotum with sides curved, widest at or just behind middle; anterior angles obsolete, posterior angles rounded, represented by a small tooth; punctures dense, slightly larger than those of vertex, round or elongate, separated by their diameters or less at sides. Scutellum semicircular or elongate circular. Elytral punctures round, slightly larger than those of pronotum, separated by about their diameters, irregularly placed.

Underside sparsely pubescent, propleurae punctate as pronotum; metasternum with large, shallow, fairly widely spaced punctures on its anterior portion; abdomen lightly punctate. Apex of tibiae, especially hind tibiae, produced into one or two tooth-like processes. 193

Aedeagus with a long tapered apex; somewhat angulate in side view; occasionally with a ventral transverse row of hairs (Fig. 65).

Length 4.8-7.3 mm.

DISCUSSION: Lefevre (1876) gave a detailed synonymy of this species, and straightened out the nomenclature. He stated that

Chrysomela tricolor Fabricius, 1792, and Tymnes verticalis Chapuis were synonyms. He also said that Colaspis viridis Fabricius, 1801, was a synonym. However, Fabricius (1801) listed Galeruca viridis as a synonym of Colaspis viridis, and Mr. Larsson of the Copenhagen

Museum, who has compared specimens of TC. tricolor with Fabricius' type of G. viridis, says they are different (in litt.). For this reason neither Colaspis viridis Fabricius, 1801:413 nor Galeruca viridis Fabricius, 1798: is listed as a synonym of _T. tricolor.

Tymnes tricolor is very close morphologically to T. violaceus

Horn, which may only be a variety. They differ in size, viola­ ceus being generally smaller, and usually darker in color. The aedeagus of T. tricolor may, but seldom does, have a ventral trans­ verse row of hairs; that of T. violaceus often, but not always, has this row of hairs.

BIOLOGY: Most collections were made in June and July, with the extremes being May and September. There were no host data on the specimens examined.

TYPE MATERIAL: The unique type, labeled "in Virginia," is in 194

Fabricius' own collection, which is currently in the Zoological

Museum in Copenhagen. Mr. Larsson has compared specimens of _T. tricolor with it for me.

DISTRIBUTION: This species is found in the United States east of the Mississippi.

ALABAMA. (2) VI. Madison Co.: Mount Sano.

ARKANSAS (1) V. Washington Co.

CONNECTICUT (25) VI, VII. Litchfield Co.: Cornwall. Fairfield Co.:

New Canaan, Stamford, Brookfield.

DELAWARE (3). Not placed to County: Montrose.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (29) V, VI, VII. Rock Creek Park, Washington.

GEORGIA (4) V. Rabun Co.: Clayton. Fulton Co.: Atlanta.

ILLINOIS (3) VI, VII. Adams Co.: Quincy. Pope Co.: Bell Smith

Spring. Lawrence Co.

INDIANA (4) V, VI, VII. Lake Co. Marshall Co. Marion C o .

MARYLAND (51) VI, VII. Montgomery C o .: Plummers Is., Glen Echo,

Silver Spring. Baltimore Co.: Baltimore, 2 mi. E Arcadia, Sparrows

Point. Anne Arundel Co.: Odenton. Calvert Co.: Chesapeake Beach.

Prince Georges Co.: College Park, Beltsville. Not placed to County:

Jones Station.

MASSACHUSETTS (42) VI, VII, IX. Bristol Co.: Freetown. Middlesex

Co.: Tyngsboro, Cambridge, Tewksbury, Dracut, Framingham. Berkshire

Co.: Otis. Worcester Co.: Northboro. Hampden Co.: Springfield.

Suffolk Co.: Readville, Dorchester, Milton. Norfolk Co.: Sharon 195

Plymouth Co.: Marion. Franklin Co.: Mt. Toby.

NEW JERSEY (22) VI, VII. Bergen Co.: Oradell, Hillsdale, Alpine,

Ramsey. Warren Co.; Phillipsburg. Camden Co.; Camden. Mercer Co.:

Princeton. Morris Co.: Towaco. Cape May Co.; Angelsea, Cape May.

Passaic. Co .: Passaic Jet. Middlesex Co.; Plainfield, South River.

NEW YORK (66) VI, VII, VIII. Suffolk Co.: Montauk Point, Babylon,

Wildwood St. Pk., Orient. Nassau Co.: Farmingdale. Tompkins Co.;

Ithaca. Niagara Co.: Olcott. Essex Co.; Crown Point. Westchester

Co.: Peekskill. Orange Co.; West Point, New Windsor. Rockland Co.;

Pearl River.

NORTH CAROLINA (19) V, VI, VII. Swain Co.: Cherokee. Buncombe Co.:

Asheville, Black Mts. Macon Co.: Highlands. Cherokee Co.: Murphy.

OHIO (3) VI, VIII. Ashland Co.; Mohican St. Pk. Cuyahoga Co.:

Cleveland.

PENNSYLVANIA (545) V, VI, VII, VIII. Philadelphia Co.: Mt. Airy,

Philadelphia. Montgomery Co.: Abington. Monroe Co.: Delaware

Water Gap. Northampton Co.; Easton, Wind Gap. Delaware Co.;

Lansdowne. Berks Co.; Reading. Dauphin Co.: Dauphin. Westmore­ land Co.: Jeanette, Crisp. Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg. Carbon C o .:

Lehigh Gap. Fayette Co.; Ohiopyle. Not placed to County: Chestnut

Hill.

RHODE ISLAND (5) VI, VII, VIII. Newport Co.: Tiverton. Washington

Co . : Watch Hill.

SOUTH CAROLINA (2) VI. Pickens Co.: Rocky Bottom.

TENNESSEE (16) V, VI, VII. Cumberland Co.: Black Mt. Knox Co.: 196

Knoxville. Sevier Co.: Smokies Chimneys, Green Brier Cove. Not

-placed to County: Great Smoky Mts. Nat'l Pk.

VIRGINIA (23) V, VI, VII, VIII. Norfolk C o .: Norfolk. Fairfax C o .:

Glencarlyn, Mt. Vernon, Vienna. Lee Co.: Pennington Gap.

Alexandria Co.: Falls Church. Stafford Co.: Aquia Creek.

Spotsylvania Co.: Fredericksburg. Nelson Co.

WEST VIRGINIA (7) VI. Randolph Co.: Cheat Mts. Marion Co.:

Fairmont.

NO LOCALITY DATA (6).

878

Tymnes violaceus Horn

(Fig. 66. Map XXXIII)

Tymnes violaceus Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:222

(Descrip., Type locality: "Allegheny, Pa."), p. 221 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Anterior angles of pronotum not pro­

longed into teeth; metasternum sparsely smoothly punctate; small

size, 4.0-5.0 mm long.

DESCRIPTION: Above shining metallic dark green, blue, or

violet; underside and femora dark red-brown; tibiae, tarsi, and

antennae usually lighter.

Head, and clypeus moderately punctate; punctures round, separated 197 by about their diameters, denser on clypeus. Clypeus slightly emarginate along base.

Pronotum with sides slightly curved, widest at, or just behind middle; anterior angles obsolete; posterior angles rounded, represented by a small tooth; punctures about as small as those of head, dense, round, separated by less than their diameters. Scu- tellura semicircular or elongate circular. Elytral punctures round, almost twice as large as those of pronotum; separated by about their diameters, irregularly placed.

Underside sparsely pubescent; propleurae punctate as pronotum; metasternum with small, shallow, widely spaced punctures on its anterior portion; abdomen may be lightly punctate. Tibial apices may be produced into one or two toothlike processes.

Aedeagus with a long tapered apex; somewhat angulate in lateral view; often with a ventral transverse row of hairs (Fig. 66).

Length 4.0-5.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species is very similar to Tymnes tricolor, and the slight differences are discussed under that species. Its status as a separate species iS not certain, but it appears to be a distinct form occurring in and near Allegheny Co., Pennsylvania.

Distinct examples of T_. tricolor from the same areas and in the same collections have also been seen.

BIOLOGY: Only twenty of the specimens examined had collection dates, these were from June to August. There was no host data on any of the specimens seen. 198

TYPE MATERIAL: A male specimen in the Academy of Natural

Sciences of Philadelphia, Horn type collection, labeled "Pen,"

"(T," "Lectotype 3774," "T. violaceus Horn" is here designated lectotype. There is no indication *?ho placed the original lecto­ type label on the specimen. Seven additional specimens labeled

"Pen,” paratype 3774" are paralectotypes; these specimens are in the general collection at the Academy. The lectotype is 4.5 mm long, and 2.4 mm wide at the humeri; it is shining deep blue with violet reflections. The aedeagus has a sparse transverse row of hairs on the underside. None of the specimens in the type series are labeled "Allegheny, Pa. by Dr. John Hamilton" as Horn says

(p. 222) in the original description, but there is little doubt that these are the cotypes.

DISTRIBUTION: All specimens seen were from Allegheny Co.,

Pennsylvania or its vicinity.

NEW YORK (3) VII. Cattaraugus Co.: Salamanca.

OHIO (4). No further data

PENNSYLVANIA (66) VI, VII, VIII. Westmoreland Co.: Jeanette.

Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg.

73 199

Tymnes metasternalis (Crotch)

(Fig. 67. Map XXXIV)

Typophorus metasternalis Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.

25:38 (Descrip., Type locality: "Illinois").

Tymnes metasternalis (Crotch), Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc. 19:222 (Diagnosis), p. 221 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Anterior angles of pronotum only weakly produced into teeth; mestasternum densely, coarsely punctate.

DESCRIPTION: Shining brown to red-brown both above and below, including legs and antennae.

Head and clypeus densely punctate; punctures small, round or elongate, separated by less than their diameters. Clypeus only slightly emarginate along base.

Pronotum with sides curved, occasionally with rough contours; anterior angles each weakly produced into a toothlike process; posterior angles rounded, represented by a tooth; punctures dense, round or elongate at sides, separated by less than their diameters, sometimes contiguous; about as large as those of head. Scutellum rounded or subtriangular. Elytral punctures round, about as large as those of pronotum, separated by their diameters or less, irregu­ larly placed or faintly aligned into double rows.

Underside sparsely pubescent; punctured about as pronotum, especially pro- and metasterna; abdomen lightly punctate. Tibial apices usually produced into one or two toothlike processes. 200

Aedeagus almost truncate, but with a broad triangular apical lobe; sharply angled in side view (Fig. 67).

Length 3.8-5.2 mm.

DISCUSSION: Tymnes metasternalis is much like Tricolor.

It is generally smaller and more coarsely punctate, especially on the metasternum. It is closest to X* oregonensis in the form of the anterior pronotal angles. Specimens from all parts of the range are quite distinct, and very similar.

BIOLOGY: This species seems to occur earlier in the season than the other eastern Tymnes: April, May, and June are the most common collection dates. One specimen from Texas and eleven from

Mississippi were collected in March. Host label data include

"beating Juniper," "beating Oak," and "beating Shagbark Hickory."

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype, a female, is in the LeConte

Collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It is labeled

"111.," "J. L. LeConte Coll.", "Type 5055," "metasternalis Crotch," and is 5.1 mm long, 2.8 mm wide at the humeri, red-brown in color and in good condition. It is referred to as a holotype because from the description and single locality given by Crotch it appears

to be the only specimen he had. The only other specimen in the collection is labeled "La."; a locality not mentioned in the description. 2 01

DISTRIBUTION: The specimens examined were from eastern United

States south and west into Texas.

ALABAMA (1) IV. Dallas Co.: Hazen.

ARKANSAS (1). No further data.

ILLINOIS (10) V, VI. Adams Co.: Quincy. Union Co.: Pine Hills

Field Station. St. Clair C o .

INDIANA (1) VI. Starke Co.

IOWA (8). Des Moines Co.: Burlington.

MISSISSIPPI (14) III, IV, V. George Co.: Lucedale.

MISSOURI (2). St. Louis Co.: St. Louis.

NEW JERSEY (4) VI. Cape May Co.: Angelsea. Camden Co.: Clementon.

OHIO (59) V, VI. Scioto Co.: Shawnee Forest. Greene C o .: Clifton.

Franklin Co.: Columbus. Madison Co.: London. Hocking Co.:

Cantwell Cliffs. Richland Co.: Plymouth Twp. Highland Co.

Delaware Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (52) VI, VII. Monroe Co.: Delaware Water Gap.

Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg. Westmoreland Co.: Jeanette. Indiana Co.:

Angora. Huntington Co.: Franklinville.

TENNESSEE (9). Smith Co.: Elmwood.

TEXAS (10) III, IV, V. Kerr Co.: Kerrville. Dallas Co.: Dallas.

Harrison Co.

NO LOCALITY DATA (5)

176 202

Tyrones oregonensis (Crotch), New Combination

(Fig. 68. Map XXXV)

Typophorus oregonensis Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.,

25:38 (Descrip., Type locality: "Oregon").

Colaspis oregonensis (Crotch), Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc., 19:225 (Descrip.), p. 223 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Anterior angles of pronotum each pro­ duced into a tooth; punctation above and below dense, coarse.

DESCRIPTION: Shining metallic blue, purple, or green, both above and below; legs and antennae usually orange.

Head and clypeus with round punctures separated by their diameters or less. Clypeus not emarginate along base.

Pronotum metallic; sides nearly parallel; anterior angles each produced into a tooth; posterior angles nearly 90°; punctures about as large as those of head, round, separated by less than their diameters. Scutellum semicircular to triangular, with apex rounded. Elytral punctures larger than those of pronotum, round, separated by less than their diameters, irregularly placed.

Underside punctured as pronotum; sparsely pubescent. Apex of tibiae slightly dilated, may be produced into one or two toothlike processes.

Aedeagus broadly curved at apex, with a small pointed apical lobe; fairly smoothly curved in side view (Fig. 68).

Length 5.0-7.0 mm. 203

DISCUSSION: Crotch (1873) originally described this species

— in Typophorus (=Tymnes), and Horn (1892) transferred it to Colaspis.

It does not fit Colaspis because of the form of the anterior pro-

thoracic margins, and the dilated truncate apical segments of the

male maxillary palpi. Sanderson (in litt.) feels that it belongs

in a new genus, but I think it should be returned to Tymnes, which it

represents on the west coast. In its punctation and form it resembles

T. metasternalis.

BIOLOGY: Adults were collected most often in May and June;

some of the specimens seen were also collected in April and July.

Host data from the specimen labels include "Cupressus goveniania,"

"Cupressus sargentii," "Quercus," and "Eriodictyon."

TYPE MATERIAL: A male specimen in the LeConte Collection at

the Museum of Comparative Zoology is designated lectotype. It is

labeled "Or.," "J. L. LeConte Coll.," "Type 5054," "oregonensis

Crotch," is 6.3 mm long, 3.5 mm wide at the humeri, and is metallic

green in color. There is no indication who the collector was,

although the original description indicates that the type was

collected by Walsingham. There are three other specimens; one

is labeled like the type except for a number "2" on the type label,

this specimen is a paralectotype. The other two specimens are

labeled simply "Califor."

DISTRIBUTION: This species is limited to Oregon and northern 204

California.

CALIFORNIA (98) IV, VI, VI, VII. Tulare Co.: Sequoia Nat'l Park.

Tuolumne Co.; Sonora, Long Barn, Bear River. San Luis Obispo Co.:

2 mi. NW Cuesta Pass. Alameda Co.; Cedar Mts., S of Livermore.

San Benito Co.: Idria. Lake Co.; Highland Springs, Middletown.

El Dorado Co.; Placerville, Pollock Pines, Snowline Camp.

Tehama Co.: 13 mi. W. Mineral, 15 mi. W Mineral. Madera Co.:

Oakhurst, Northfork. Lassen Co.; Hot Springs. Mariposa Co.:

7 mi. NW Fishcamp. Humboldt Co.; Fort Seward, Blocksburg.

Calaveras C o .: Murphys Canyon. Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena. Trinity

Co.: Weaverville, Carrville. Siskiyou Co.: Walker, Copco.

Nevada Co.: 6 mi. S. Grass Valley, Nevada City. Mendocino Co.:

Hearst. Placer Co.: Colfax, 5 mi. W Foresthill. Shasta Co.:

Shingletown. Santa Clara Co.: Los gatos. Sacramento Co.:

Sacramento. Marin C o .: Cypress Ridge. Fresno Co.

OREGON (46) V, VI. Jackson Co.: Brownsboro, Medford, Butte Falls,

Prospect.

144 205

14. Graphops LeConte, 1884:26

TYPE: Heteraspis nebulosa LeConte, 1859. Designated by Blake,

1955. Type locality: "Kansas, near Ft. Laramie," now in

Wyoming.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra pubescent; postocular lobes absent; tibiae with two apical spurs; tarsal claws bifid; a deep groove above each eye.

Mrs. Doris Blake (1955) did a complete revision of this genus.

There are, at the present time, no species known from Mexico or further south. Blake lists eighteen species, three subspecies, and two doubtful species. A checklist of these forms is given below.

pubescens (Melsheimer), 1847:169 Can.-Ga.-Wash.-Calif

curtipennis (Melsheimer), 1847:169 Ont.-N.C.-S.Dak.-Tex.

ssp. c. schwarzi Blake, 1955:277 S.C.-Fla.-Ala.

nebulosa (LeConte), 1859:23 Minn.-A1ta.-Neb r.-Wyo.

smaragdula (LeConte), 1859:24 Kans.-Tex.-N.Hex.-Wyo.

negrella Blake, 1955:280 Manit.-Colo.

tenuis Blake, 1955:281 Tex.-N.Mex.

exilis Blake, 1955:283 Tex.

obscura LeConte, 1884:26 Colo.

marcassita (Crotch), 1873:35 Que.-N.C.-Alta.-Colo.

ssp. m. pugitana Blake, 1955:287 Wash

simplex LeConte, 1884:26 Mis s.-Kans.-Tex beryllina LeConte, 1884:26 Minn.-Wyo.-Nebr

varians LeConte, 1884:26 Mo.-Kans.-Colo.

wyomingensis Blake, 1955:292 Wyo.

barberi Blake, 1955:293 Ariz.

comosa Blake, 1955:294 Tex.

viridis Blake, 1955:295 Sask.

floridana Blake, 1955:296 S .C.—Fla.

ssp f. borealis Blake, 1955:298 N.Y.-N.J.

punctata Blake, 1955:298 Middle States

?bicolor (Lefevre), 1877:164 111.

?cupraea (Provancher), 1878:383 Que. 207

15. Colaspidea Laporte, 1833:21

TYPE: Chrysomela aeruginea Fabricius, 1792. By monotypy.

Type locality: Italy. (=Chrysomela metallico Rossi, 1790,

according to Clavereau, 1914, and others.)

Colaspidea Laporte, 1833, in Silbermann, Revue Entomol., 1:21.

Chapuis, 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins., Gen. Coleop., 10:324.

Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, Ser. 2,

11(16):125 (Descrip., Syn.). ----- Horn, 1892, Tans. Amer.

Entomol. Soc., 19:204 (Descrip., Key). ----- Fall, 1933,

Canad. Entomol., 65:232 (Key).

Dia Chevrolat, 1837 in Dejean, Cat. Coleop. 3 rev., cor., aug.,

p. 435. ----- Redtenbacher, 1858, Fauna Austriaca, ed. 2,

p. 8 9 4 . Monros and Bechyne, 1956, Entomol. Arb. Mu s .

6. Frey 7:1127 ('Type: Chrysomela aeruginea Fabricius).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra pubescent; postocular lobes

present; tibiae with two apical spurs; third antennal segment longer

than second.

DESCRIPTION: Small, 3.0-6.0 mm long; pubescent both above and below; variously colored, shining metallic. Head pubescent, flattened

in front, densely punctured. Eyes not bulging, slightly emarginate.

Clypeus not distinct, margin straight above labrum. Antennae

filiform, about one-half body length; segment one globose; segment

two as long as one, thicker, and not as long as three. Male 208 maxillary palpi without distal segments dilated or truncate. Post­ ocular lobes present; head retractile into prothorax past posterior margins of eyes. Humeri not prominent. Epipleurae narrow, punctate, extend almost to tips of elytra. Prosternum flat, as wide as a coxa between coxae. A pair of apical tibial spurs present on each leg.

Tarsal claws bifid or split, inner claws one-half as long as outer.

Pygidium not grooved. Aedeagus with very indistinct basal condyles,

.these form a hump on basal ventral part of aedeagus.

DISCUSSION: Laport (1833) described Colaspidea as one of a number of genera which he split from Fabricius1 genus Colaspis.

He included only one species, Chrysomela aeruginea Fabricius. 1792, which becomes the type by monotypy. Clavereau (1914) and others consider aeruginea to be a synonym of Chrysomela metallica Rossi.

The first North American species were named by LeConte, but were placed in the genus Eumolpus (smaragdula, 1857; cuprascens,

1858). Crotch (1873) described varicolor in Glyptoscelis. Horn

(1892) placed these three species in Colaspidea where they have remained.

H. C. Fall published twice on Colaspidea. In 1897 he described jC. subvittata, and in 1933 he described C. grata, C. pallipes, and CL pomonae, keyed all seven described species, and discussed some of their variation. His was the last treatment of the United States species.

Colaspidea is a very difficult taxonomic problem, and the present treatment is not offered as a final solution. At the 209

current status of knowledge of the group, however, it is the best

solution available. Over 3,000 specimens were studied, and their

numbers show the variation to be greater than even Fall anticipated.

This variation is discussed further under C. smaragdula. A future

treatment of this genus would require much more biological data,

field study, accurately recorded collection data, and probably

computer analysis. I place in synonymy all species except C^. pallipes and C^. smaragdula.

In addition to our two species in the western United States,

Colaspidea contains about ten other species, most of which are

found in the Old World Mediterranean area.

Key to the United States Species of the Genus Colaspidea Laporte

1. Color bright green; pubescence dense; legs red,

with the knees usually bronzed slightly;

eastern and southern California mountains,

Nevada, Arizona ...... pallipes Fall

1'. Extremely variable, but combination of characters

not as above, California, Nevada, Arizona . .

...... smaragdula LeConte 210

Colaspidea pallipes Fall

(Fig. 70. Map XXXVI)

Colaspidea pallipes Fall. 1933, Canad. Entomol., 65:230

(Descrip., Type locality: "San Bernadino Mts., Southern

California"), p. 232 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Head and body above and below bright,

shining, metallic green; legs and antennae orange; pubescence

dense; setae thick, whitish, recumbent.

DESCRIPTION: Bright, shining green both above and below; antennae

and legs orange; pubescence dense; setae thick, whitish; inter-

punctural areas finely granular.

Head shining green; punctures small, dense, separated by their

diameters or less, round.

Pronotum with lateral margin usually partially complete; widest in middle; anterior angles obliterated; posterior angles

represented by a prominent, laterally directed, setose tooth.

Pronotal punctures about same size of those on head; round, dense,

separated by their diameters or usually less. Scutellum semicir­

cular. Elytral punctures same size as those of pronotum, round,

as dense as on pronotum, irregularly placed.

Underside punctured and pubescent as above; femora not metallic.

Aedeagus with a small truncate apical lobe; in side view 211

appears bent at a right angle (Fig. 70).

Length 3.8-5.1 mm.

DISCUSSION: When he reviewed Colaspidea, Fall (1933) described

three new species including this one. It is the only Fall species which is not placed in synonymy because it shows a consistantly unique combination of characters in a large number of localities.

These characters, listed in the diagnostic section above, make C_. pallipes exceptional in the genus. In no other instance has it been possible to associate a number of characters in more than a few

localities. i

BIOLOGY: Collection dates vary from late May through early

V July. Several specimens are labeled "pinon Pine" (Pinus mono- phyllus). The distribution of this plant in California (from

Sargent, 1965) matches almost exactly the distribution of the

insect. The possibility that this species is confined to this single food plant may account for its exceptional homogeneity.

TYPE MATERIAL: The holotype, a female, is in the Fall col­ lection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology. It is labeled

"S. Bdo. Mts. Cal. 6000 ft. 7-3-17," "on Pinus monophylla (pinon pine)," "type pallipes," "M. C. Z. type 25005." It is 5.5 mm long, 3.0 mm wide at the humeri, shining green, and is in good condition. With the type there are seven other specimens; five are labeled the same as the type, one is labeled "Independence, 212

Inyo Co., Cal. VI-11-1937," "on ]?. monophylla," "B. E. White Coll."

- the last is labeled "Bear Lake, Cal. 7500 ft. 7-2-1917." All these

are similar to the type, and vary only in size.

DISTRIBUTION: This species ranges from the southern Sierra

Nevadas to the San Bernadino and San Jacinto Mountains, usually above

5000 feet. It is also found in the mountains of Nevada and northern

Arizona.

ARIZONA (9) VI, VII. Coconino Co.: 19 mi. SE Fredonia, Jacob Lake.

Mojave Co: Hualpai Mts.

CALIFORNIA (356) VI, VI, VII. Inyo Co.: 7 mi. N Parcher's Camp,

Panamint Mts., Westgard Pass Plateau, Independence, Inyo Nat'l

Forest, Whitney Portal, Bishop, Thorndylces. San Bernadino Co.:

San Bernadino Mts., Bear Lake, Baldwin Lake. Riverside C o .:

Santa Rosa Mts., San Jacinto Mts., Pinyon Flat. Mono Co.:

Bridgeport, Benton Station. Kern Co.: Walker Pass, 7 mi. NW

Frazier Park. San Diego Co.: Jacumba. Tulare Co.: 9 mi. Canyon.

NEVADA (20) VII. Lander Co.: Austin. White Pine Co.: 10 mi. S Ely,

5 mi. W Ely, Connors Pass. Not placed to county: Dixie N. F.

385 213

Colaspidea smaragdula (LeConte)

(Figs. 71, 72, 73. Map XXXVII)

Eumolpus smaragdulus LeConte, 1857, Reports of surveys ...

12(Bk. 2, pt. 3):67 (Descrip., Type locality: "Sacramento").

Glyptoscelis smaragdulus (LeConte), Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat.

Sci. Philadelphia, 25:37 (Diag.).

Colaspidea smaragdula (LeConte), Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc., 191205 (Descrip., Diag.), p. 204 (Key).

Eumolpus cuprascens LeConte, 1858, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, 10:85 (Descrip., Type locality: "San Diego,

California"). NEW SYNONYMY

Glyptoscelis varicolor Crotch, 1874, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc.,

5:79 (Des;crip., Type locality: "Ft. Tejon, San Bernadino, and

Santa Barbara"). NEW SYNONYMY

Colaspidea subvittata Fall, 1897, Canad. Entomol., 29:243

(Descrip.,, Type locality: "on Catalina and also on Clemente"

islands, here restricted to Santa Catalina Island, Los Angeles

Co., California). NEW SYNONYMY

Colaspidea grata Fall, 1933, Canad. Entomol., 65:230 (Descrip.,

Type locality: "Southern California: San Bernadino Mts. 4000-

5000 ft."), p. 232 (Key). NEW SYNONYMY

Colaspidea pomonae Fall, 1933, Canad. Entomol., 65:231 (Descrip.,

Type locality: "foothills of Sierra Madre Mts. above Pomona,

California"), p. 232 (Key). NEW SYNONYMY 214

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Color variable, shining, metallic;

femora at least, and often tibiae, shining metallic as elytra.

DISCUSSION: The normal descriptive material is omitted here because of the great amount of variation. The species can be recog­ nized from the generic and specific diagnoses above. A synopsis of some of the more variable characters follows.

Color - This varies from deep purple, blue, and green to bronze. Most specimens are bronze or bronzy green. Color varies

greatly between and within series.

Color of legs - All have at least the distal part of the femora

shining and metallic; in some the tibiae are this way also. The

amount of metallic color on the legs varies considerably, and so

does the color of the parts of the legs which are not metallic.

In most, the tibiae, coxae, and base of the femora are red-orange, varying to a very dark brown.

Size - Ranges from very small, 2 mm long, to quite large, 6 mm long. Many small specimens have long thick pubescence, especially

in the San Bernadino and San Jacinto Mts. region.

Pubescence - This varies in five different ways. 1) Thickness of individual setae; this must be estimated as they are too thin

to be accurately measured with the equipment available. 2) Length

of setae; long setae are approximately .12-.18 mm, short ones are

from .10-.15 mm long. The length will vary somewhat on an individual

3) Erectness of setae. 4) Color of setae; either whitish or light 215 yellowish. 5) Density of setae; this appears to be fairly constant on an individual and ranges from very sparse, almost absent, to very dense. Fall states that the specimens found at lower altitudes have the shorter, thinner, sparser more erect or bristling pubescence.

Not enough altitude data is available to me to comment on this.

However, three large series (over 100 specimens each) from Santa

Rosa Mts., Newton, and Boulevard, California have about one-half the specimens with short, thin, sparse setae and the other one-half with long thick setae. Usually, erect pubescence is thin and short, and recumbent pubescence is thick and varies in length. The pubescence on a specimen is usually constant in thickness and degree of erectness.

With practice, length, density, thickness, and erectness of setae can be estimated by eye.

The types of smaragdula, cuprascens, pomonae, and varicolor have shorter, erect, very fine, thin pubescence; that of grata is longer, thicker, and denser; while subvittata is in-between. Six specimens from Ft. Tejon in the Liebeck Collection, four from

Awahnee in the Frost Collection, and six simply labeled "Cal." have normal punctation, but almost no pubescence at all. In most specimens throughout the range the setae are whitish; in a series of seven from Cuyamaca Ranch, California, the setae are distinctly yellowish.

In a few specimens, especially a series of small specimens from

Desert Springs, California, the elytra have narrow longitudinal

impunctate areas. Since the setae generally arise from within the 216 punctures, these specimens have narrow glabrous strips and often appear subvittate. This is not the case in the Catalina Island forms called subvittata by Fall. In these, the pubescence is long, thin, and recumbent, and the vittate appearance is caused by some of the setae pointing in different directions as if they were parted by a comb. I have not seen this phenomenon in any other specimens.

Form of Pronotum - Fall placed some emphasis on this character, but it varies greatly from locality to locality, and to a lesser extent within a series. The hind angles of the pronotum may be rounded with the setose puncture set out on a lateral projection, or they may be squared, or they may be somewhere between these two extremes. Many specimens from several localities in San Diego Co. combine the squared pronotum with short, bristling, sparse pubescence, and large size (4.0-6.0 mm long). These are closer to the type of smaragdula than any other form.

Aedeagus - This is also somewhat variable, but it is always bent at a sharp right angle, and usually has a small apical lobe which is distinct from the slightly tapered or rounded apex. The aedeagus is very similar in both United States species (Figs. 71-73).

TYPE MATERIAL: All the types of the United States species have been seen. They are summarized below.

Eumolpus smaragdulus LeConte: Label data of holotype includes a gold circle and "P. ? smaragdulus Lee. Sac. Wittick," "type 4310." 217

It is 4.2 mm long, 2.0 mm wide at the humeri, shining blue, pinned

- -through the right elytron, a female, and in good condition, except

the protarsi and right mesotarsus are missing. The pubescence is

thin, short, and erect. There are seven additional specimens with

the holotype; five have no labels, one has a gold circle, and one is

labeled "234 Wl." All are similar to the holotype except in size

and color. The specimen labeled type is considered the holotype

because it agrees with LeConte's description, locality, and

collector, and because LeConte stated that he had only one specimen.

All of these specimens are in the LeConte Collection at the Museum

of Comparative Zoology.

Eumolpus cuprascens LeConte: Label data of lectotype includes a

gold circle and "Pachynephorus? S.F.B.," "type 4309," "cuprascens

Lec." It is 4.3 mm long, 2.0 mm wide at the humeri, shining coppery

bronze, and in good condition except that the distal portions of

both antennae are broken off. The specimen is glued to a paper point

so that the underside is obscured, but it appears to be a female.

The pubescence is thin, short, and erect. LeConte stated that the

type was collected near San Diego, California, and did not mention

how many specimens he had at the time of the original description.

The above specimen was apparently labeled as type by Banks, and it is

here designated lectotype. None of the specimens in the LeConte

Collection are labeled San Diego, and this specimen otherwise matches

the short description. There are five other specimens with the

lectotype. All five resemble the lectotype; three have gold circle 218

labels, one is labeled "Cala," and one has no labels. All these specimens are in the LeConte Collection at the Museum of Comparative

Zoology.

Glyptoscelis varicolor Crotch: Label data of lectotype -

"Cala.", "J.L. LeConte Coll.," "type 5053," "varicolor Crotch." It

is 3.5 mm long, 1.8 mm wide at the humeri, shining bronze, and mounted on a paper point with many of the legs broken. It appears

to be a female, and the pubescence is thin, short, and erect. This specimen is here designated lectotype; none of the specimens available are labeled with the localities mentioned by Crotch (Ft. Tejon, San

Bernadino, and Santa Barbara). The lectotype fits the brief descrip­

tion very well. There are five other specimens with the lectotype, and they vary greatly in size and color. Three of them are large, blue, and look more like the type of smaragdula; one is labeled

"Cala," the other two are labeled "So. Cal." Another specimen is small and dark, almost black; it is labeled "Cala." The last is about the same color as the lectotype; it is labeled "Cala." All six specimens are in the LeConte collection at the Museum of

Comparative Zoology.

Colaspidea subvittata Fall: Label data of lectotype "Catalina,

Cal. 7.11.94," V , " "Type," "subvittata Fall," "M.C.Z. type 25007."

It is 3.9 mm long, 2.3 mm wide at the humeri, shining bronze, mounted on a paper point, and in good condition. The pubescence is long, whitish, and recumbent. There are four additional specimens;

two from Santa Catalina and two from San Clemente, all are similar 219 to the type, and are in the Fall collection at the Museum of Com­ parative Zoology.

Colaspidea grata Fall; Label data of holotype "S. B. Mts.

Cal. 7.12.92," "type grata," "M.C.Z. type 25004." It is 5.1 mm long, 3.0 mm wide at the humeri, shining green, mounted on a paper point, and in good condition. The pubescence is short, thick, yellowish, and recumbent. There are three additional specimens, all with the same locality data; one is green, one copper green, and one blue. All are in the Fall collection at the Museum of Comparative

Zoology.

Colaspidea pomonae Fall: Label data of holotype "Pom. Cal.

Mts. 5.11.92," ' W' "type pomonae," "M.C.Z. type 25006." It is

3.9 mm long, 2.1 mm wide at the humeri, shining green with the pronotum coppery green, and in good condition. The pubescence is thin, fine, and erect. There are seven additional specimens; five are from the same locality as the type, one from S. Domes, and one from San Dimas. All are about the same size, but color ranges from green to blue. All are in the Fall Collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology.

BIOLOGY: Collection dates vary from April to August, and probably depend a great deal on elevation. Host data from the specimens examined include "Adenostema," "Juniper," "Eriogonum," "Ceonothus,"

"Quercus," "Cercocarpus," "Durshia," "Artemesia," "Eriodictyon,"

"Plagiobothrys nothofulvus," "Calochortus venusturn," "Adenostema 220 fasciculatum." "Pinus ponderosa." "greasewood," "Convolvulus." and

"sagebrush."

DISTRIBUTION: This species is found throughout California except the Sacramento and San Joaquin valley and the southeastern desert areas, and its range extends into Arizona and western Nevada.

ARIZONA (27) IV, VI, VII, VIII. Mojave Co.: Hualpai Mts. Santa

Cruz Co.: Nogales.

CALIFORNIA (2794) IV, V, VI, VII, VIII. San Diego Co.: Alpine,

Ramona, Boulevard, Laguna Mts., Newton, Jamul, Mission Valley,

Alvarado City, Cuyamaca Rancho, Desert Springs, Guatay, San

Ysidro, Balboa Park, Descanso, Campo, Torrey Pines, Poway, Mt.

Palomar, Pine Valley, La Jolla, Julian, Buckman Spring, Warner

Spring, Oak Grove, 14 mi. S Jet. Rt. 76 and 395 on Rt. 76, Jacumba,

Lake Hodges. Riverside Co.: Santa Rosa Mts., Keen Camp, Pinyon Flat,

San Jacinto Mts., Idyllwild, Herkey Creek, Dark Creek, Ribbonwood,

Hemet Reservoir, Vandevanter Flat, Desert Springs, Riverside, 7 mi.

E Sunnmead, Cathredral City, Cabazon, Palm Springs, Elsinore,

Gilman Hot Springs, Citrus Exp. Station, Magnesia Canyon, Soboda

Hot Springs. Los Angeles Co.: Camp Baldy, Desert Springs,, Pasadena,

Santa Monica, Mt. Wilson, Westwood Hills, Big Rock Wash, Little Rock,

Vincent, Mt. Lowe, Pomona, Los Angeles, Wilmington, Crystal Lake,

11 mi. E Sangus, Santa Catalina Is., San Gabriel Mts., Azusa, Covina,

Palmdale, Claremont, Big Rock Canyon, Glendale, Elizabeth Lake,

Glendora, Mesmer City, Mint Canyon, Tanbark Flat, Holiday Hill. 221

San Bernadino Co.: Baldwin Lake, Cajon, San Bernadino Mts., 2 mi.

S Phelan, Cajon Pass, Big Bear Lake, Ontario, San Bernadino, 10 mi.

N Redlands, 20 mi. N Redlands, 30 mi. NE Redlands, 5 mi. S Cedar

Glen, Oak Glen, Arrowhead Hot Springs, 4 mi. S Camp Angelus, Upland,

Forest Home, 12 mi. S Adelanto, Highland Springs, Mill Creek Canyon,

Barton Flats. Orange Co.: Silvaredo Canyon, Santiago Canyon,

Gavilan. Kern Co.: El Paso Mts., Inyokern, Indian Wells Canyon,

5 mi. N Kernville, Walkers Pass, Havilah, Greenhorn Mts., Fort

Tejon, Lebec, Frazier Park, New Kernville, 1 mi. E. Woody. Ventura

Co: Piru, 5 mi. S Gorman, Santa Paula, Moorpark, Fillmore, Stauffer,

Wheeler Springs. Santa Barbara Co.: San Rafeal Mts., Bluff Camp,

Santa Barbara, Sierra Madre, Santa Cruz Is., Figueroa Park, Sunset

Valley. San Luis Obispo Co.: Creston, 6 mi. NE Pozo, 12 mi. NE

Pozo, 5 mi. NE Santa Margarita, 3 mi. S Creston, 10 mi. S Creston,

2 mi. NW Cuesta Pass, Atascadero, Santa Lucia Mts., San Simeon.

Monterey Co.: 9 mi. E King City, Paraiso Springs, Pleyto, Bryson,

Tassajara Hot Springs, Bradley, Lockwood, Carmel, Junipero Serra Park,

Parkfield, Arroyo Seco. Tulare Co.: Sequoia Nat'l Park, White

Water, 9 mi. S Fairview, Lindsey, Kaweah. Fresno Co.: Coalinga,

Panoche Creek, 18 mi. NE Coalinga, Miramonte. Inyo Co.: Lone Pine,

Westgard Pass Plateau, Independence, Panamint Mts., Big Pine.

San Beni to Co. : New Idria, Pinnacles Nat'l Mon., 12 mi S Paicines,

3 mi. SW Paicines, 15 mi. SW Idria, 5 mi. S Bitterwater. Madera Co.:

Ahwahnee, Oakhurst, Northfork. Tuolumne Co.: 12 mi. E Groveland, 7 mi.

SE Jacksonville, Sonora, Bear River. Calaveras Co.: Murphys, Mokelumne 222

Hill, Wolfboro. Amador Co.: Waterman. Canyon. Alameda Co.:

Berkeley. Mariposa Co.: Mariposa. El Dorado Co.: Snowline Camp,

Pyramid R. S., 8 mi. S Camino, Strawberry Valley, 3 mi. S Camino,

Eldorado, Placerville, Whitehall. Tehama Co.: 13 mi. W Mineral,

15 mi. W Mineral. Lake Co.: Highland Springs, Bartlett Spring,

Laurel Beach, Borax Lake, Middletown, Lower Lake, Anderson Spring,

Clear Lake, Lakeport, Kelseyville, 5 mi. N Lower Lake. Shasta C o .:

Lake Britton, Hat Creek, Redding, Oak Run Creek, Oaks, Hachet

Mt. Pass, Montgomery Creek, Brown Butte. Santa Clara Co.:

Gilroy Hot Springs, Diablo Range. Placer Co.: Dutch Flat,

Auburn, 5 mi. W Foresthill, Colfax. Yolo Co.: Clarksburg, Rumsey,

Putah Creek. Napa Co.: Mt. St. Helena, Monticello Dam, Samuel

Spring. Solano Co.: Cordelia. Mendocino Co.: Yorkville, Ukiah,

Twin Rocks, Willits, 10 mi. E Calpella, Ryan Creek. Modoc Co.:

Davis Creek, Buck Creek. Yuba Co.: Strawberry Valley. Sonoma

Co.: Sobre Vista. Sacramento Co.: Folsom. Siskiyou Co.: Lava

Bed Nat’l Mon., Horse Creek, Hamburg. Nevada Co.: Grass Valley,

Chicago Pk. Lassen Co.: 6 mi. SW Nubieber. Butte Co.: Pentz,

Yankee Hill, Oroville, Big Bend Mts. Solano Co.: Green Valley

Falls. Sutter Co.: Marysville Buttes. Plumas Co.: Quincy,

Meadow Valley. Trinity Co. Not placed to County: Cammo, Laurel

Canyon, Arbolado, Warners, Comanche, Roosevelt, Mt. Hamilton.

NEVADA (20) VI, VII. Clark Co.: Lees Canyon. Washoe Co.:

Steamboat Springs, Pyramid, Reno. Ormsby Co.: Carson City.

Lander Co.: Austin. 223

OREGON (9) VI, VII. Jackson Co.: Medford. Not placed to County:

Lavaitrie.

NO LOCALITY DATA (1)

2851 224

16. Xanthonia Baly, 1863:151

TYPE: Xanthonia stevensi Baly, 1863. By original designation.

Type locality: "Canada." (=Eumolpus villosulus Melsheimer,

1847, according to Horn, 1892, and subsequent authors.)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra pubescent; postocular lobes absent; tibiae with two apical spurs; tarsal claws bifid; front femora with a median ventral tooth.

Xanthonia is a small genus currently containing about twenty species from North and Central America, and Asia. There are, at present, four species in the United States. The last revision and key was by Horn (1892), but Don Weisman of the United States National

Museum apparently has an unpublished manuscript describing eighteen species in the genus (Wilcox, in litt.). A checklist of the United

States species is given below.

vagans (LeConte), 1884:26 Tex.-Utah-Ariz.

decimnotata (Say), 1824:445 NE U.S.-E. Can.

villosula (Melsheimer), 1847:169 NE U.S.-Okla.

pinicola Schaeffer, 1933:471 Ariz. 225

17. Bromius Chevrolat, 1837:436 «

TYPE: Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus, 1738. Designated by Monros

and Becliynd, 1956. Type locality: "in Europa."

Bromius Chevrolat, July 1837, in Dejean, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, rev.,

cor., aug., p. 436. ----- Redtenbacher, 1845, Gatt. Deutsch.

Kaferfauna . . ., p. 117 (Descrip, in k e y ) . Redtenbacher,

1849, Fauna Austriaca..., ed. 1, p. 5 5 8 . Chapuis, 1874,

Hist. Nat. Ins., Gen. Coleop., 10:305 (Descrip., Syn.).

Monros and Bechynd, 1956, Entomol. Arb. Mus. G. Frey,

7:1127 (Type: Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus). ----- Arnett,

1963, Beetles U. S., p. 928 (Syn., Key).

Eumolpus subgenus Adoxus Kirby, October 1837, in Richardson, Fauna

Boreali-Amer., 4:209 (Descrip., Type by monotypy: Eumolpus

vitis Kirby nec Fabricius, 1801, 1:422 (=Chrysomela obscura

Linnaeus).

Eumolpus Redtenbacher, 1858, Fauna Austriaca, ed. 2, p. 893

(Descrip., Syn., Key), Type Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus

here designated. ----- Redtenbacher, 1874, Fauna Austriaca,

ed. 2, p. 453. Nec Weber, 1801:28.

Adoxus Baly, 1860, J. Entomol., 1:27. ----- Baly, 1863, J. Entomol.,

2:149. ----- Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege, Ser.

2, 11(16):109 (Descrip., Syn.). Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer.

Entomol. Soc., 19:197 (Diag., Syn.). Weise, 1898, Archiv f.

Naturg. 64:189 (Discussion). Gressitt and Kimoto, 1961, Pac. 226

Ins. Monogr. 1A, 1:

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra pubescent; postocular lobes present; tibiae with two apical spurs; pronotum not margined; tarsal claws bifid; antennae filiform, second segment as long or longer than third; elytral punctures not in rows; seventh agdominal tergite not grooved; aedeagus without basal condyles.

DISCUSSION: Since the genus contains only one species, the descriptive material and distribution data for that species is applicable to the genus.

The nomenclatorial history of this genus is very complex.

The name was first used by Chevrolat (1837) in the Dejean Catalogue, and included four species, three of which were Fabrician names

(hirtus. obscurus, and vitis). Barber and Bridwell (1940) place the date of publication of the fifth part of the Catalogue (pp.

385-466) between March 1, and July 5, 1837. The introduction signed by Dejean is dated April, 1837. Kirby (1837) used the name Adoxus as a subgenus of Eumolpus, and designated Eumolpus vitis Fabricius,

1801 as the type species. Kirby’s synonymy is a little confused, but there is no doubt from his brief description that he was referring to Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus. According to Sherborn (1929), Kirby’s book was published in October, 1837, thus Bromius is the prior name for this genus. Most subsequent authors including Baly (1860, 1863),

Lefevre (1885), Horn (1892), and Monros and Bechyne (1956) have accepted Adoxus as the correct name. The type of Bromius is Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus, designated by Monros and Bechyn£ (1956).

Gressitt and Kimoto (1961) give the type of Adoxus as

Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus. This poses another problem as Eumolpus vitis Fabricius, 1801, is not the same insect as Chrysomela obscura

Linnaeus (see discussion below). Kirby misidentified the type species of Adoxus, and under the code this must be referred to the Commission

(Art. 70a) .

Redtenbacher (1858) used the preoccupied name Eumolpus (nec

Weber, 1801) for a genus containing two species; E_. obscurus, and

E. vitis. The type species of Eumolpus Redtenbacher is here desig­ nated as Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus. Eumolpus Redtenbacher is an isogenotypic synonym of Bromius Chevrolat.

Much of the confusion in this genus stems from the misidenti- fication of Cryptocephalus vitis Fabricius, 1775, for Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus, 1758. Fabricius was probably the cause of this misidentification because he transferred Cryptocephalus vitis to the genus Eumolpus in 1801. Cryptocephalus vitis is a true

Cryptocephalus, and in fact, is a synonym of Cryptocephalus coryli

Linnaeus.

Chrysomela obscura has two distinct color forms. The red form was named obscura by Linnaeus, and was known by that name to

Fabricius and Olivier. According to Weise (1898), Shrank (1781) was the first to describe the black form under the name Chrysomela villosula. Dejean, Redtenbacher, and others after them mistook

Cryptocephalus vitis Fabricius, 1775, for the dark form of Ch. obscura. 228

Kirby apparently mistook the vitis of authors for Ch. obscura

Linnaeus; his description is obviously of the red form.

Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus)

(Fig. 75. Map XXXVIII)

Chrysomela obscura Linnaeus, 1758, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, p. 375.

(Red form ?, Type locality; "Europa").

Chrysomela villosula Shrank, 1781, Enumeratio Insectorum..., p. 95.

Weise, 1898, Archiv f. Naturg., 64:189 (Syn. of obscura,

dark or black form).

Cryptocephalus obscurus (Linnaeus), Olivier, 1791, Encyclopedie

Methodique..., 6:612. ----- Fabricius, 1792, Entomol. Syst.

1(2):60.

Eumolpus obscurus (Linnaeus), Fabricius, 1801, Syst. Eleuth.,

p. 421. ----- Olivier, 1808, Entomol. ... Coleop., 6:910

(Descrip., Syn). — Redtenbacher, 1858, Fauna Austriaca,

ed. 2, p. 893.

Eumolpus cochlearius Say, 1824, Longs Second Exp., 2:296.

(Type locality: "Northwest Territory"). Clavereau, 1914,

Coleop. Cat., 24(59:120 (Syn. of obscurus).

Bromius vitis Chevrolat, 1837, in Dejean, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3,

rev., aug., cor., p. 436. ----- Redtenbacher, 1849, Fauna 229

Austriaca, ed. 1, p. 558. (nec vitis of Fabricius, 1775,

p. 108).

Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus), Chevrolat, 1837, in Dejean, Cat.

Coleop., ed. 3, rev., cor., aug., p. 436. ----- Redtenbacher,

1849, Fauna Austriaca, ed. 1, p. 558. Bedel, 1892,

Faune...Seine, 5:137. ----- Arnett, 1963, Beetles U. S.,

p. 928.

Adoxus vitis Kirby, 1837, in Richardson, Fauna Boreali-Amer.,

4:209 (Descrip, of red form). and subsequent authors

(nec vitis of Fabricius, 1775, p. 108).

Eumolpus vitis Redtenbacher, 1858, Fauna Austriaca, ed. 2, p. 893.

(nec vitis of Fabricius, 1775, p.108).

Adoxus obscurus (Linnaeus), Lef&vre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liege,

Ser. 2, 11(16):109 (Syn.). ----- Horn, 1892, Trans. Archiv f.

Naturg. 64:190 (Discussion). ----- Blatchley, 1910, Coleop.

Indiana, p. 1136.

Adoxus concinnus Weise, 1898, Archiv f. Naturg., 64:190 (Variety

of obscurus).

Adoxus lewisi Weise, 1898, Archiv f. Naturg., 64:190 (Variety of

obscurus, Type locality: "Yokahama").

DESCRIPTION: Shining; robust; pubescent above and below; head, pronotum, underside, femora black; tibiae, tarsi, elytra either black or red; antennae red-orange at base, black distally.

Head densely punctate; punctures round or elongate, separated by

their diameters or less. Eyes bulging, oval, slightly emarginate 230 on inner side. Clypeus triangular, slightly pinched at apex by antennal sockets, punctured as frons. Male maxillary palpi not dilated or truncate distally. Antennal segment one globose, two as long or longer than three, four through eleven longer than one through three, seven through eleven thicker than one through six.

Pronotum densely punctate just like head; without lateral margins; much narrower than bases of elytra; cylindrical. Scu- tellum quadrate, punctate, pubescent. Elytral punctures round, separated by less than their diameters, irregularly placed, evidence of striae present at sides and apex. Humeri prominent.

Most elytral punctures bear a short white seta. Epipleurae very indistinct at base, never very wide, extending to tips of elytra, lightly punctate, pubescent.

Underside lightly punctate and pubescent. Legs pubescent.

Aedeagus with tip slightly emarginate or truncate; basal condyles weakly or not at all developed (Fig. 75).

Length 3.0-4.8 mm.

DISCUSSION: As previously mentioned, this insect has two distinct color forms which have caused some nomenclatorial confusion.

They are sympatric in many places, and probably throughout the range. Far fewer specimens of the black form are found in collec­ tions. The only difference is that one is all black, and the other has the tibiae, tarsi, and elytra red. No males of the black form have been seen (over 200 specimens have been examined). Weise

(1898) and Suomalainen (1958) believe that the black form is a 231 parthenogenetic race. Gressitt and Kimoto (1961) treated the two forms as subspecies, but noted that there was some doubt as to their validity. The two color forms are here considered to be a single species.

BIOLOGY: Collection dates on the specimens examined vary from April through September, with June through August being most common. There is very limited host data on the specimens examined, it includes "grape," "Rubus," "on Epilobium," "on Salix," "on

Corylus rostrata," "on Alnus," "on Betula," and "on fireweed."

Many specimens were collected at altitudes of 5000 feet or more.

TYPE MATERIAL: None of the type specimens were seen

DISTRIBUTION: This species has the most northern distribution of any eumolpine. It is found across the northern United States and throughout most of subpolar Canada, Europe, and Siberia.

ALASKA (18) VI, VII. Rampart, Eagle, Skagway, Haines, Fairbanks,

Nenana, Matanuska Valley.

ARIZONA (1) VIII. Coconino Co.: Flagstaff.

CALIFORNIA (123) II, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX. Yolo Co.: Davis.

El Dorado Co.: Tallac, Upper Echo Lake, Glen Alpine, Whitehall.

Humboldt Co.: Little River. Yuba Co.: Strawberry Valley. San

Joaquin Co.: Stockton. Tulare Co.: Mineral King. Fresno C o .:

South Fork of Kings River Canyon. Los Angeles C o .: Whittier.

Mendocino Co.: Hopland. Lake Co.: Lower Lake, Lakes Basin. 232

Plumas Co.: Meadow Valley. Trinity Co.: Carrville. Butte Co.:

Chico. Amador Co.; Mokelumne River. Sonoma Co.: Licking Fork.

Calaveras C o .: Big Trees.

COLORADO (41) VI, VII, VIII. Lake Co.; Leadville, Summit Co.:

Argentine Road. Boulder Co.: Long's Peak Inn. Denver Co.; Denver.

Garfield Co.: Glenwood Springs. Grand Co.: Muddy Pass. Conejos Co.;

Cumibres Pass. Jackson Co.: Rabbit Ears Pass. Gunnerson Co.; Gothic.

Clear Creek Co.: Loveland Pass. Montezuma Co.: Mesa Verde Nat'l Mon.

Not placed to County: Vail Pass, Emerald Lake.

IDAHO (16) VI, VII. Latah Co.: Juliaetta. Bonner Co.: Coolin

(Priest Lake). Idaho Co.: Grangeville.

ILLINOIS (1). Ogle Co.: Oregon.

INDIANA (2). No further data.

IOWA (1) VII. Clayton Co.: McGregor.

KANSAS (1). No further data.

MAINE (22) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Penobscot Co.: Staceyville (Camp

Lunksoos), Wissataquoix River. Franklin Co.: Rangeley. Sagadahoc Co.:

Southport, Christmas Cove. Piscataquis Co.: Mt. Katahdin. York Co.:

Old Orchard. Oxford Co.: Paris. Kennebec Co.: Monmouth. Not placed to County: Rang Lake.

MASSACHUSETTS (11) VI, VII. Worcester Co.: Winchendon. Suffolk Co.:

Revere. Middlesex Co.: Tyngsboro, Dracut. Essex Co.: Beach Bluff.

MICHIGAN: (30) VI, VII. Mackinac Co.: St. Ignace. Keweenaw Co.:

Isle Royale. Charlevoix Co.: Berver Is. Cheyboygan Co.: Black

River, Horseshoe Bay, Douglas Lake. Bay Co.: Saginaw Bay. 233

Schoolcraft Co.: Floodwood. Chippewa Co.: Whitefish Point.

Marquette Co.: Huron Mts. Antrim Co.: Star Twn. (Sec. 13).

Otsego C o .

MINNESOTA (15) VI. Saint Louis Co.: Duluth. Not placed to

County: St. Annedes.

MONTANA (20) VII, VIII. Glacier Co.: Swift Water Lake, Logan

Pass, Two Medicine Lake.

NEBRASKA (3). No further data.

NEVADA (2). No further data.

NEW HAMPSHIRE (20) VI, VII. Coos Co.: Mt. Washington. Not placed

to County: Three Mile Is.

NEW MEXICO (25). San Miguel Co.: Las Vegas.

NEW YORK (15) V, VI, VII, VIII. New York City: Jamaica, Rockaway

Beach. Cayuga Co.: N. Fairhaven. Ulster Co.: Slide Mt. Tompkins

Co.: Ithaca. Essex Co.: Westport, Keene Valley, Mt. Marcy, Mt. McIntyre.

Not placed to County: Mt. Whiteface.

NORTH CAROLINA (3) VI. Buncombe Co.: Black Mts. Haywood Co.:

Chatahoochee Divide.

NORTH DAKOTA (1) VII. Rolette C o .: Carpenter Lake.

OREGON (16) IV, V, VII, VIII. Deschutes Co.: Lava River St. Pk.

Polk C o .: Boyer. Clackamas Co.: Eagle Creek. Klamath C o .: Crater

Lake. Jackson Co.: Coleston. Hood River Co.: Mt. Hood. Linn Co.:

Santian.

PENNSYLVANIA (18). Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg. Westmoreland Co.:

Jeanette. UTAH (6) VII, IX. Millard Co.: Servier Lake. Utah Co.: Timpanogas

Nat*l Mon. (Glacier Lake).

VIRGINIA (2). Spotsylvania Co.: Fredericksburg.

WASHINGTON (39) VI, VI, VII, VIII, IX. Pierce Co.: Mt. Ranier,

Electron, Tacoma, Fort Lewis, Payallup, Sunrise Park, Paradise Park.

King C o .: Seattle, North Bend, Enumclaw, Bothell, Baring. Clallam Co.

Port Angeles, Crescent Lake. Lincoln Co.: Coal Creek Forest Camp.

Kittitas Co.: Easton.

WISCONSIN (4). Bayfield Co.: Bayfield.

WYOMING (8) VI, VII, VIII. Teton Co.: Grand Tetons Nat'l Pk.,

Togwotee Pass. Not placed to County: Yellowstone Nat'l Pk.

ALBERTA (50) VI, VII, VIII. Banff. Lake Louise. Waterton Nat'l

Pk.. Edmonton. Not placed: Cypress Hills. 30 mi. N Hotchkiss.

Belly River.

BRITISH COLUMBIA (108) V, VI, VII, VIII, IX. New Westminster

Forestry Station. Fernie. Salmon Arm. Sardis. Three Valley.

Clearwater. Kettle River (Edgewood Road). Mt. Robson. Garibaldi

Park (Diamond Head Trail). Grindrod. Creston. Skagit River

(Manning Province). Vancouver. Mara. Cranbrook. Vernon. Revel- stoke Mt. Pender Harbor. Lorna. Merritt (Midday Valley). Alaska

Hgy. Mile 300. Vancouver Island (McNab Creek). Terrace. Selkirk

Mts. Coutenay. Marysville. Elko. North Vancouver. Atlin. Not placed: Emerald Lake. Sumas Prairie. Emerald Mine. Stanley.

Trinity Valley. Prairie Hill. Rodgers Pass. Adams Lake. Cracy

Creek. Steelhead. 235

MANITOBA (13) V. Winnipeg. Wabowden. Not placed: Aweme. Churchill.

Cedar Lake.

NEW BRUNSWICK (1). Fundy Nat’l Pk.

NEWFOUNDLAND (3). Bay of Islands. Not placed: Romaine Brook.

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES (1). Norman Wells.

NOVA SCOTIA (1). Truro.

ONTARIO (60) V, VI, VII. Kearney. Ridgeway. Nipigon. Ottawa.

Severn. Thunder Bay (Long Lake). Not placed: Calendar.

QUEBEC (21) VI, VII, VIII, IX. Duparquet. Fort Coulonge. Quebec.

Not placed: Duchesnay.

SASKATCHEWAN (3) VIII. Gull Lake. Not placed: Somme. Waskesui.

YUKON TERRITORY (7). Selkirk. Whitehorse. 58 mi. E. Dawson.

Mayo Highway Mi. 21. Not placed: Rampart House.

LOCALITIES NOT MAPPED (10). Watatic, Twin Mt. Nat. Canada Rockies.

Hookers Lighthouse. W. Brooksville.

NO LOCALITY DATA (6).

758 236

18. Fidia Walsh, 1867:87

TYPE: Fidia viticida Walsh, 1867. By monotypy. Type locality:

"Kentucky."

Fidia Dejean, 1837, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, rev., aug., cor., p. 436

(Nomen nudum).

Fidia Baly, 1863, J. Entomol., 2:153 (Descrip., type designated

as F. lurida Dejean, a nomen nudum.

Fidia Walsh, 1867, Pract. Entomol., 2:87 (Descrip, and discussion

of F. viticida). Chapuis, 1874, Hist. Nat. Ins., Gen.

Coleop., 10:275. ------Jacoby, 1882, Biol. Cent.-Amer.,

Coleop., 6(1):166. ----- Lefevre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy. Sci.

Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):75 (Syn.). ----- Horn, 1892, Trans.

Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:198 (Key). ------Schaeffer, 1904,

J. New York Entomol. Soc., 12:228 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra pubescent; pronotum cylindrical, not margined laterally; no postocular lobes; tarsal claws bifid; front femora untoothed.

DESCRIPTION: Red-brown or black in color; clothed with dense short pubescence above and below. Head with a slightly impressed median line; dypeus triangular; antennae filiform, segment two much shorter than three, three shorter than four, four through eleven equal in length; maxillary palpi not dilated or truncate distally; eyes greatly bulging, oval; mandibles prominent. Pronotum cylindrical, not margined laterally. Epipleuiaenarrow, poorly 237 defined, indistinct anteriorly, punctate and pubescent. Pygidium not grooved. Front femora not toothed; tibiae with two small apical spurs; tarsal claws bifid; male tarsi not dilated. Aedeagus without basal condyles.

DISCUSSION: Dejean (1837) included two species in the genus

Fidia (lurida and murina), both were nomina nuda. Baly (1863) described Fidia and designated ]?. lurida Dejean as type of the genus. He said he knew of two other species in the genus, but did not mention them. Since Baly did not include valid species in Fidia, the name remained a nomen nudum.

Walsh (1867), in a discussion of a new grape pest, assigned it to Fidia, thus becoming the author of the genus by including the first valid species in it. The species was F_. viticida, which becomes the type of the genus by monotypy.

Horn (1892), in the first treatment of the United States

Fidia, listed three species (viticida, longipes, and cana Horn).

Schaeffer (1904) described clematis, added F_. plagiata Leffevre to the United States fauna, and keyed all five known species. In the present treatment one species is removed from synonymy, IT. plagiata is synonyraized with 1?. humeralis Leffevre, and a new key to the six recognized species is given.

Fidia currently contains less than twenty species, all from

Central and North America. 238

Key to the United States Species of the Genus Fidia Baly

Color black with humeri always red-orange;

entire lateral margin of elytra, or humeri

and an apical spot, or only humeri may be

red-orange; Arizona ...... humeralis Lefevre

1*. Color of elytra uniform, either black or red-

orange; widespread in eastern U.S. through

Texas and Kansas ...... 2

2(1*I. Elytra b l a c k ...... 3

2\ Elytra red-brown or red-orange ...... 4

3(2) Aedeagus emarginate at tip (Fig. 78);

widespread throughout eastern U.S . . .

...... longipes (Melsheimer)

3'. Aedeagus tapered and broadly rounded at

tip (Fig. 76); T e x a s ...... cana Horn

4(2’>. Shape oval, robust; elytra covered with a

dense ashy brown pubescence; southern

Texas ...... clematis Schaeffer

4 \ Shape elongate; pubescence not dense; wide­

spread in eastern U.S...... 5

5(4’>. Head entirely black, or dark red-orange

with blackish markings behind the eyes and

around the posterior margins; size small, 239

4 mm long; femora darker distally;

tibiae darker proximally; protibiae

of males flattened and spatulate at

apex, the apical spurs far apart . . .

...... longipes Melsheimer

5*. Head and elytra uniformly red-orange in

color, without black markings; size

larger, 5 to 6 mm. long; legs uniformly

red-orange in color; protibiae of males

never spatulate ...... 6

6(5’). Aedeagus very large, the tip blunt with the

lateral margins produced into blunt tooth­

like extensions (Fig. 80)...... murina Crotch

6*. Aedeagus smaller, the tip broadly rounded,

with a deep rounded emargination in the

middle (Fig. 7 9 ) ...... viticida Walsh 240

Fidia cana Horn

(Fig. 76. Map XXXIX)

Fidia cana Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:199

(Descrip., Type locality: "Texas"), p. 198 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Black above and below; white pubescence;

aedeagus narrowed towards apex, with a large round apical lobe.

DESCRIPTION: Small; black above and below, including legs;

antennae dark red at bases, darker distally; body clothed with

dense white pubescence above and below.

Head black; punctures small, round, separated by their dia­ meters or more; pubescence dense, short, white; interpunctural

areas granular.

Pronotum cylindrical; punctures round, small, separated by

about their diameters or less; interpunctural areas granular; pubescence dense, medially directed, forming a dense medial row.

Scutellum elongate, triangular, densely pubescent. Elytra rugosely sculptured between punctures; punctures round, larger than those of pronotum, roughly aligned into ten slightly impressed rows; with scattered, denser, setose punctures between rows. Humeri prominent.

Underside .densely pubescent, black. Prosternum between coxae narrower than width of a coxa. Protibiae not modified.

Aedeagus narrowed towards apex, with a large round apical lobe

(Fig. 76).

Length 4.0-5.0 mm. 241

DISCUSSION: A very distinct species, I?, cana is the only all black Fidia in the United States. Its small size and distinctive aedeagus also help make its recognition easy.

BIOLOGY: Equal numbers of the specimens seen were collected in May, June, and July. Only one series of 36 specimens from

Presidio Co., Texas has host data. These were collected on VI-28-

1947 on "grape and ivy."

TYPE MATERIAL: The lectotype is in the Horn type collection at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. It is a female,

5.0 mm long, 2.0 mm wide at the humeri, and is black with white pubescence. It is labeled "Tex.", "type no. 3772," "F. cana Horn."

Two other specimens in the general collection were also labeled

"Tex"; one of these, a male, was dissected and it matches the current concept of cana. The origin of the type label is not known, but this specimen is here accepted as the lectotype. It matches the brief original description which gave no indication whether more than one specimen was available to Horn.

DISTRIBUTION: Across southern Texas, and probably into Mexico.

TEXAS (134) V, VI, VII. Brewster Co.: Chisos Mts., Big Bend Nat’l

Pk. Jeff Davis Co.: Davis Mts. Comal Co.: New Braunfels. Lee Co.:

Fedor. Presidio Co.: Marfa, Presidio. Val Verde Co.: Devils River.

Kerr Co.: Kerrville. Bexar Co.: San Antonio. Gillespie Co.

Randall Co. 134 242

Fidia humeralis Lefevre

(Fig. 77. Map XL)

Fidia humeralis Lefevre, 1877, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France, Ser. 5,

7:165 (Descrip., Type locality: "Cuernavaca, Mexique").

Jacoby, 1882, Biol. Cent.-Amer, Coleop., 6(1):167

(Tab. VII. fig. 13 shows the type specimen).

Fidia plagiata Leffevre, 1877, Ann. Soc. Entomol. France, Ser. 5,

7:165 (Descrip., Type locality: "Oaxaca, Mexique"). -----

Jacoby, 1882, Biol. Cent.-Amer., Coleop., 6(1):167 (Figured

in Tab. VII figs. 14, 15). ----- Schaeffer, 1904, J. New York

Entomol. Soc., 12:227 (Found in U. S.) p. 228 (Key).

NEW SYNONYMY.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Black with red humeri; aedeagus trun­ cate with a narrow rounded apical lobe.

DESCRIPTION: Small; black above, except for humeri and occasion­ ally various portions of remainder of outer margin of elytron which is red-orange; underside and legs usually black or dark red-brown; antennae dark red-brown; body clothed with short, dense, white pubescence above and below.

Head black, except occasionally red-brown around mandibles and antennal bases; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or less; pubescence short, moderate, white; interpunctural areas granular. 243

Pronotum black; cylindrical; punctures small, round, separated by much less than their diameters; interpunctural areas granular; pubescence short, dense, medially directed. Scutellum elongate, triangular; densely pubescent. Elytra with small and large punctures;

Bmall punctures scattered, setose, about same size as pronotal punctures; large punctures scarcer, aligned into a few imperfectly defined, slightly impressed rows on outer side of each elytron.

Humeri prominent.

Underside densely pubescent; dark colored. Prosternum between coxae quadrate, about as wide as a coxa. Front tibiae not modified.

Aedeagus truncate, with a narrow, rounded, apical lobe (Fig. 77).

Length 3.0-4.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: Lefevre (1877) described two species of Fidia, humeralis and plagiata, which are here combined. They are merely two color varieties of the same species. Since humeralis was described first on the page, it becomes the senior synonym and the proper name of the species.

The elytral coloration of F_. humeralis varies, but all have the humeri red-orange. The margin of the elytra behind the humeri may be partly or completely red-orange. A common form has the humeri and a spot at the apex red-orange (this was the form described as

_F. plagiata) . Except for the elytral color, the species shows little variation.

BIOLOGY: . This species is collected in June, July, and 244 especially August. There are no host data.

TYPE MATERIAL: There are four type specimens in the British

Museum (Natural History). Fidia humeralis is represented by a specimen labeled "Cuernavaca," "Type," "Type," "Mexico, Salle Coll.,"

"Fidia humeralis, E Lef, (Type)," "Fidia humeralis Lef, Apud Salle,"

"558," "Type Sp. figured," "B.C.A. 167.3," "3 Fidia humeralis."

This specimen has the anterior one-third of the lateral margin of the elytra red-orange. It is probably the only specimen Lef&vre used for the original description.

Fidia plagiata is represented by a specimen labeled "Juquila,"

"Type," "Type," "Mexico, Salle Coll.," "Fidia plagiata, E. Lef.

(Type)," "Fidia plagiata, Lef. Apud Salle," "B.C.A. 167.4,"

"Fidia plagiata," "Type Sp. figured." In this specimen both the anterior lateral margin and the apex of the elytra are red-orange.

Fidia plagiata variation B is represented by two specimens.

The first is labeled "Juquila," "Type," "Mexico, Salle Coll."

"B.C.A. 167.4," "Type, Sp. figured," "Fidia plagiata, Lefevra, var B, Mexico." The second is labeled "Mex," "Fidia plagiata,

Lefevre, var B, Mexico," "Baly Coll." These two have the entire lateral margin of the elytra red-orange.

Dr. Valentine has studied these specimens and says (in litt.)

"All four are the same species, showing progressive enlargement of red on elytra." 245

DISTRIBUTION: This species is found in Southern Arizona and

-adjacent Mexico.

ARIZONA (61) VI, VII, VIII. Cochise Co.: Chiricahua Mts., Douglas,

5 mi. W Portal, Huachuca Mts., Portal, Ramsey Canyon. Gila Co.:

Sierra Ancha Mts. Santa Cruz C o .: Santa Rita Mts., Canelo, Madera

Canyon Foothills. Pima Co.: Santa Catalina Mts., Peppersauce

Canyon.

61

Fidia longipes (Melsheimer)

(Fig. 78. Map XLI)

Eumolpus longipes Melsheimer, 1847, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, 3:169 (Descrip., Type locality: "Pennsylvania").

Fidia longipes (Melscheimer), Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, 25:34. ----- Horn, 1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol.

Soc., 19:199 (Diag.), p. 198 (Key).

Pachnephorus viticolus Uhler, 1855, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci.

Philadelphia, 7:418 (Descrip., Type locality: "Baltimore").

Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 25:34

(Syn. of longipes).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Red-brown, marked with black or

occasionally all black; apex of aedeagus with broad, deep, 246 semicircular emargination with a small median tooth.

DESCRIPTION: Small; usually red-brown variously marked with black or all red-brown; clothed with dense white pubescence both above and below.

Head usually partly red-brown around mandibles and antennae, remainder usually black; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or usually less; pubescence dense, short, white, inter­ punctural areas granular.

Pronotum red-brown to black; cylindrical; punctures small, round, separated by much less than their diameters; interpunctural areas granular; pubescence short, dense, medially directed. Scu- tellum elongate, triangular; densely pubescent. Elytra with small and large punctures; small punctures scattered, bearing setae; large punctures two to three times larger than pronotal punctures, coarse, round, separated by one-half or less their diameters; aligned into ten and one-half strongly impressed rows. Humeri prominent.

Underside densely pubescent, red-brown or marked with black.

Prosternum between coxae about as wide as a coxa. Femora almost always black or very dark brown distally, red-orange proximally.

Apex of male front tibiae flattened, spatulate.

Aedeagus truncate with broad deep semicircular emargination; emargination with a very small median tooth in center (Fig. 78).

Length 4.0-5.0 mm.

DISCUSSION: Fidia longipes is rather variable in color. It 247

usually has some very dark red or black markings on the vertex and

elytra, but occasionally a completely pale red-brown specimen is

seen. It is usually smaller than F_. viticida, and can also be

distinguished from the latter by the small median tooth in the

center of the emargination at the tip of the aedeagus. Typical

F. longipes have the vertex, parts of the elytra and the distal

two-thirds of the femora very dark brown or black. Some all black

specimens have been seen from Angelina (6) and Leon (3) Counties,

Texas. These can be distinguished from F. cana by the form of the aedeagus. Two males in which the front tibiae are not spatulate at the apex have been seen from St. Clair Co., 111. and Scioto Co.,

Ohio. These may be a different species, but the aedeagus is that of typical _F. longipes.

BIOLOGY: Collection dates on the examined specimens vary from

Arpil to September, with most collected in June or July. Host data on these specimens include "on grape," "on post oak grape," "on

Salix," "on Vitis lobrusca."

TYPE MATERIAL: There are five specimens in the Melsheimer collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology; all labeled

"Pennsylvania Melsheimer." The lectotype was chosen from among these as Pennsylvania is mentioned in the original description. The lectotype chosen is a male, 4.3 mm long, 2.0 mm wide at the humeri, deep red-brown in color, with the head, distal end of the meso- and metatibiae very dark. Another male had an irregular piece of red 248 paper and a label saying "longipes Melsh." on the pin. It was not

chosen as lectotype because it was not labeled Pennsylvania, and it

did not have the bases of the femora "testaceous" as is mentioned in

the original description.

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs in the eastern and central

United States, west to Iowa and Texas.

ALABAMA (1) VI. Jefferson Co.: Birmingham.

ARKANSAS (2). Benton Co.: Bentonville.

COLORADO (1). No further data.

DELAWARE (1) VI. New Castle Co.: Newark.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (12) VI, VII. Washington.

FLORIDA (10) VI. Alachua Co.: Gainesville

GEORGIA (3) V, VI. Schley Co.: Ellaville. Habersham Co.: Cornelia.

ILLINOIS (11) VI, VI, VII. Sit. Clair Co. Lawrence Co. Not placed to County: University Woods.

INDIANA (11) IV, VI, VII. Marion Co.: Indianapolis. Vigo Co.

Knox Co. Tippecanoe Co.

IOWA (4) VII. Lee Co. Boone Co.

KENTUCKY (3) V, VII. Franklin Co.: Frankfort.

LOUISIANA (4) V. St. Landry P .: Opelousas.

MARYLAND (94) VI, VII. Prince Georges Co.: Bladensburg. Montgomery

Co.: Glen Echo, Plummers Island, Great Falls. Baltimore C o .:

Baltimore, Sparrows Point. Anne Arundel Co.: Odenton. Frederick Co.

MISSOURI (5) VI. St. Louis Co.: 2 mi. W St. Louis. Barry Co.:

Roaring River St. Pk. Franklin Co.: Fern Glen. 249

NEW JERSEY (1). No further data.

NEW YORK (2) IX. Orange Co.: West Point.

NORTH CAROLINA (6) VI, VII. Buncombe Co.: Black Mts. Orange Co.:

Chapel Hill. Macon Co.; Highlands.

OHIO (38) VI, VII, VIII. Hocking Co.; Cantwell Cliffs. Franklin Co.:

Columbus. Erie Co.; Sandusky. Lorain Co.; Amherst. Lake Co.:

Willoughby. Greene Co. Delaware Co. Scioto Co. Fairfield Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (83) IV, VI, VII, VIII. Philadelphia Co.; West Park,

Frankford, Philadelphia. Indiana Co.: Angora. Montgomery Co.:

Abington. Delaware Co.: Swarthmore. Westmoreland Co.: Jeanette.

Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg, Aspinwall. Dauphin Co.

SOUTH CAROLINA (2) VI, VII. Oconee Co.: Clemson College. Aiken C o .:

Eurilca.

TENNESSEE (13) VI. Lake Co.: Reelfoot Lake. Davidson Co.: Nashville.

Wilson Co.: Lebanon. Smith Co.: Elmwood. Johnson Co.

TEXAS (13) V, VI. Harrison Co.: Kamack. Liberty Co.: Dayton.

Angelina Co.: 10 mi. N Lifkin. Leon Co.

VIRGINIA (33) V, VI, VII, VIII. Alexandria Co.: Rosslyn, Arlington,

Falls Church. Fairfax Co.: Great Falls, Glencarlyn. Lee C o .:

Pennington Gap. Spotslvania Co.: Fredericksburg. Orange Co.

Nelson Co. Not placed to County: Shenandoah Park.

WEST VIRGINIA (9) VI, VII. Wirt Co.; Burning Springs. Tyler Co.:

Sisterville. Greenbrier Co.: White Sulphur Springs.

NO LOCALITY DATA (3).

362 250

Fidia viticida Walsh

(Fig. 79. Map XLII)

Fidia viticida Walsh, 1867, Practical Entomol., 2:87 (Descrip.,

Biol., Type locality: "Kentucky on grape"). ----- Horn,

1892, Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:198 (Diag., Key).

Fidia lurida Dejean, 1837, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, rev., cor., aug.,

p. 436 (Nomen nudum). ----- Lef&vre, 1885, Mem. Soc. Roy.

Sci. Liege, Ser. 2, 11(16):76 (Descrip.). ----- Horn, 1892,

Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc., 19:199 (Syn. of viticida).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Large size, 5.0-6.5 mm long; aedeagus apically rounded, but with a deep semicircular emargination.

DESCRIPTION: Light red-brown above and below, including legs; body clothed with dense, short, pale yellow pubescence above and below.

Head red-brown; punctures small, round, separated by less than their diameters; interpunctural areas granular; pubescence short, dense, pale yellow.

Pronotum cylindrical; punctures small, round, separated by less than their diamteres; interpunctural areas granular; pubescence short, dense, medially directed. Scutellum elongate, triangular; densely pubescent. Elytra rugosely sculptured, setose between impressed, large, round punctures; punctures separated by less than their diameters, aligned into ten and one-half rows; rows 251

and large punctures sometimes obsolete. Humeri prominent.

Underside densely pubescent. Prosternum between coxae quadrate,

about as wide or wider than width of a coxa. Front tibiae, especially

of males, curved.

Aedeagus rounded apically, with a large, deep, semicircular

emargination (Fig. 79).

Length 5.0-6.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: This is one of only two United States species of

Fidia which are large in size and red-brown in color; the other is F_. murina Crotch. These two species differ only in the form of the aedeagus. In F. murina the aedeagus is truncate with a long, shallow, rectangular emargination; this gives the appearance of having two lateral apical lobes. In F_. viticida the aedeagus has a broad semicircular apical emargination. These two species are sympatric in the midwest, but F_. viticida has a much larger range throughout the eastern states.

Fidia viticida is generally larger than all Fidia except

F.* murina; it is never marked with black, and is usually pale red to red-brown in color. There is little variation within the species.

BIOLOGY: Collection dates on the specimens examined vary throughout the late spring and summer months, but June and July are most common. Host plant data include "vitis," "wild grape,"

"on Cissus arborea," "on Ampelopsis," and "injuring Hirtus labrusca." 252

The major host is grape.

TYPE MATERIAL: According to Horn and Kahle (1935-37) Walsh's collec­ tion was destroyed by fire. The location of his type specimens is not known and they are presumed to be lost. Since no specimens from

Kentucky were seen, I am designating a neotype from Hocking Co.,

Ohio. It was collected on VII-20 D. J. and J. N. Knull, and is depos­ ited in The Ohio State University collection. It is a male, 6.0 mm long, 2.8 mm wide at the humeri, red-brown in color, clothed with whitish pubescence, and in good condition. It is pinned through the right elytron, and the genitalia are mounted below the specimen in a plastic vial.

The type of jF. lurida Lefevre was seen. It is 6.1 mm long, 3.0 mm wide at the humeri, and uniformly light red-brown in color. It is labeled "Amer. bor.," "type," "ex musaeo Lefevre 1894," "Museum

Paris Coll. Oberthur Lefevre." It is a female, and was not dissected, but it is most likely F_. viticida.

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs from the eastern and central

United States, into Texas and Nebraska.

ARKANSAS (8). No further data.

DELAWARE (1) VII. New Castle Co.: Newark.

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA (10) VI, VII, VIII. Washington.

GEORGIA (2) VII. Richmond Co.: Camp Gordon, Chatham Co.: Savannah.

ILLINOIS (11) VII. Peoria Co.: Peoria. Cook Co.: Edgebrook,

Riverside. 253

INDIANA (11) V, VIII, IX. Lake Co.: Hessville. Noble Co.; Wawaka.

Steuben Co.: No further data. Vermilion Co. Clark Co.

IOWA (21) VI, VII, VIII. Dickinson Co.: Spirit Lake. Johnson Co.:

Iowa City. Woodbury Co.: Sioux City. Scott C o .: Pleasant Valley.

Des Moines Co.: Burlington. Page Co.; Shenandoah. Hancock Co.:

Madison. Mahaska Co.; New Sharon. Fayette Co.; Clermont.

KANSAS (27) VI, VII, XI. Pottawatomie Co.: Onaga. Shawnee Co.:

Topeka. Douglas Co.: Baldwin.

LOUISIANA (10) V, VI. Madison P.; Tallulah. St_. Landry P.:

Opelousas.

MARYLAND (46) VII. Baltimore Co.: Sparrows Point, Baltimore.

Prince Georges Co.: Beltsville. Montgomery Co.: Great Falls.

MICHIGAN (3) VII. Wayne Co.

MISSISSIPPI (11) V, VI. Oktibbeha Co.: Starkville. Forrest Co.:

Hattiesburg. George Co.: Lucedale. Grenada Co.

MISSOURI (19) VI, VII. St. Louis Co.: St. Louis. Vernon C o .:

4 mi. W Montevallo. Buchanan Co.; St. Joseph.

NEBRASKA (6) VI. Saline Co.: Crete.

NEW JERSEY (20) VI, VII. Warren Co.; Phillipsburg. Bergen Co.:

Oradell. Passaic Co.: Paterson, Passaic Jet., Clifton. Middlesex

Co.: New Brunswick, South River. Morris Co.: Chester, Boonton.

Glouchester Co.: Wenonah, Westville. Ocean Co.: Ship Bottom.

NEW YORK (163) IV, VI, VII, VIII. Madison Co.: Bridgeport. Greene

Co.: New Baltimore. Rockland Co.: Nyack. Westchester Co.: Mosholu,

Yonkers. Suffolk Co.: Kings Park. Orange Co.: New Windsor. 254

Chautauqua Co.: Fredonia, Ripley, Sheridan, Westfield. Columbia Co.:

Mt. Merino. Ulster Co.: Marlboro, Highland. Albany Co.: Albany. Erie

Co.: Buffalo. New York City: Staten Is., Glen Cove.

NORTH CAROLINA (2) VI. Wake Co.: Raleigh.

OHIO (48) VI, VII, VIII. Erie Co.: Castalia, Sandusky. Cuyahoga Co.:

Euclid. Franklin Co.: Columbus. Ottawa Co.: Gypsum. Ashtabula Co.:

Geneva. Lorain Co.: Amherst. Lucas Co.: Toledo. Hocking Co.

Licking Co. Clinton Co.

OKLAHOMA (7) VI. Marshall Co.: Lake Texoraa, 1 mi. E Willis.

Muskogee Co.

PENNSYLVANIA (42) VI, VII. Montgomery Co.: Abington, Glenside.

Philadelphia Co.: Mt. Airy, West Park, Philadelphia, Frankford.

Monroe Co.: Delaware Water Gap. Delaware Co.: Glenolden, Swarthmore.

Northampton Co.: Easton. Allegheny Co.: Pittsburg.

TEXAS (25) V, VI. Dallas Co.: Dallas. Harris Co.: Houston.

Brazos Co.: College Station. Montgomery Co.: 5 mi. W Conroe on

San Jacinto River. Rusk Co.: Tatum. Austin C o .: Sealy. Leon Co.

UTAH (1). No further data.

VIRGINIA (50) VI, VII, VIII. Alexandria Co.: Rosslyn, Falls Church.

Nelson Co.: Afton. Albemarle Co.: Charlottesville. Fairfax Co.:

Vienna. Spotsylvania Co.: Fredericksburg. Roanoke Co.: Roanoke.

Norfolk Co.: Norfolk.

ONTARIO (4) VIII. Ojibway, Tilbury, Pelee Is.

LOCALITY NOT FOUND (1). Dac. NO LOCALITY DATA (8).

558 255

Fidia murina Crotch, New Status

(Figs. 11, 80. Map XLIII)

Fidia murina Dejean, 1837, Cat. Coleop., ed. 3, rev., cor., aug.,

p. 436 (Nomen nudum).

Fidia murina Crotch, 1873, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 25:33

(Descrip., Type locality: "Middle and southern states").

Fidia viticida texana Schaeffer, 1833, J. New York Entomol. Soc., 41:

472 (Descrip., Type locality: "New Braunfels, Texas").

NEW SYNONYMY

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Large size, 5.0-6.4 mm long; aedeagus truncate with two pointed lateral apical lobes.

DESCRIPTION: Large, above and below light red-brown and clothed with dense, short, pale yellow pubescence.

Head red-brown; punctures small, round, separated by their diameters or less; pubescence dense, short, pale yellow; interpunc­ tural areas granular.

Pronotum cylindrical; punctures small, round separated by their diameters or less; interpunctural areas granular; pubescence short, dense, medially directed. Scutellum elongate, triangular; densely pubescent. Elytra rugosely sculptured between deeply im­ pressed, larger, round punctures which are separated by less than their diameters and aligned into ten and one-half rows; pubescence arises between rows of punctures. Humeri prominent. 256

Underside densely pubescent. Prosternum between coxae quadrate, about as wide or wider than width of a coxa. Front tibiae, especially

of males, often curved.

Aedeagus truncate with a shallow, long, rectangular apical emargination which gives it the appearance of having two pointed,

lateral, apical lobes (Fig. 80).

Length 5.0-6.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: This species is similar to F. viticida, and a dis­

cussion of their differences is given under that species. _F. murina was considered a synonym of I?, viticida until the male genitalia of the type series were studied. The aedeagus of the lectotype was identical to that of a series of specimens from Kansas, Missouri,

Arkansas, and Texas which were thought to represent a new species.

The name F_. murina is removed from synonymy and given to this mid- western form.

BIOLOGY: All but one of the specimens examined were collected in May or June. One from Kansas was collected in August. A series of six specimens from Washington Co., Ark. are labeled "reared by

Isely from larvae on root of grape." This is strong evidence that grape is the primary host plant.

TYPE MATERIAL: Crotch used several specimens in his description.

A male labeled only in the LeConte Collection at the Museum of

Comparative Zoology is here designated lectotype. It is in a series of nine insects headed by a specimen labeled "Fidia murina Dg. type 257

5049." The three males in this series were dissected. One proved to be F. viticida, but the other two are the present species. The lectotype was chosen from the latter two specimens. Only two of the nine syntypes have locality labels, both "Illinois."

The type of F. viticida texana was seen in the United States

National Museum. It is a female, and cannot be accurately identified.

There are apparently no paratypes. Schaeffer says it is black, but the specimen seen was dark red-brown with white pubescence. It was collected in New Braunfels, Texas, a locality closer to the center of distribution of F_. murina than to that of F. viticida. It is synony- mized with _F. murina.

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs in the central states from

Nebraska south into Texas.

ARKANSAS (6) V. Washington Co.

KANSAS (45) VI, VIII. Douglas Co.: Baldwin. Shawnee Co.: Topeka.

Riley C o .

OKLAHOMA (2) VI. Atoka Co.: Atoka.

TEXAS (18) V, VI. Williamson Co.: Beaukiss. Brazos Co.: College

Station. Colorado Co.: Columbus. Bexar Co.: San Antonio. Austin

Co. New Ulra. Comal Co.: New Braunfels.

87 258

Fidia clematis Schaeffer

(Fig. 81. Map XLIV)

Fidia clematis Schaeffer, 1904, J. New York Entomol. 12:227

(Descrip., Type locality "Brownsville, Texas"), p. 228 (Key).

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Small size, 4.2-5.5 mm long; globose shape; pale yellow pubescence; aedeagus with broad deep emargination at apex.

DESCRIPTION: Small; very robust, globose; dark red-brown above and below, including legs and antennae; clothed with dense, short, pale yellow pubescence.

Head red-brown; clypeus rounded at apex, broadly triangular, straight above labrum; punctures of head small, round, separated by their diameters or less; interpunctural areas granular.

Pronotum cylindrical; punctures small, round, separated by less than their diameters; interpunctural areas granular; pubescence short, pale yellow, dense, directed medially. Scutellum elongate, triangular; densely pubescent. Elytra granular or rugosely sculp­ tured; punctures distinct, twice as large as those of pronotum, round, separated by less than their diameters, aligned into ten and one- half impressed rows. Humeri prominent.

Underside densely pubescent. Prosternum between coxae as wide or wider than width of a coxa. Protibiae not modified. 259

Aedeagus truncate with broad, deep, circular emargination at

apex (Fig. 81).

Length 4.2-5.5 mm.

DISCUSSION: Although known only from the Brownsville, Texas

area, this species seems to be fairly distinct. It has a more robust

or heavy body than the other species of Fidia. The aedeagus is similar

to that of F. viticida, but the apical emargination is much deeper.

The insect is generally smaller than F. viticida, and the distinctive

pale yellow, short pubescence will usually separate it from F. viticida.

BIOLOGY: Most specimens seen were collected in May and June.

Five specimens were collected in August. There is no host data with

the specimens examined.

TYPE MATERIAL: The type specimen is a female, and is in the United

States National Museum. It is labeled "Type," "Esperanza Rch,

Brownsville, Tex.," "Fidia clematis Schffr," "Brooklyn Museum colln.

1929," "Cotype No. 42282 U.S.N.M.," "Fidia clematis type Schffr."

It is 5.2 mm long, 2.8 mm wide at the humeri, red-brown in color, has dense pale yellow pubescence, and is in good condition. There are

three other specimens labeled exactly like tie type except that they

lack the handwritten "Fidia clematis Schffr." label which is believed

to have been added later by Schaeffer to mark the holotype.

DISTRIBUTION: This species in known only from Brownsville, Texas,

it may occur in Mexico. 260

TEXAS (33) V, VI, VIII. Cameron Co.: Brownsville, Esperanza Ranch.

NO LOCALITY DATA (3).

36 261

19. Glyptoseelis Chevrolat, 1837:438

TYPE: Euniolpus hirtus Olivier, 1808. Designated by Monros and

Bechyne, 1956. Type locality: "America Boreal." (=Crypto-

cephalus pubescens Fabricius, 1776, according to Horn, 1892

and others.)

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra pubescent; postocular lobes present; tarsal claws bifid; apical tibial spurs absent; lateral margins of pronotum and protibiae not toothed.

Glyptoseelis was revised by Krauss (1937) who incorrectly designated £. albida LeConte as type species. It was revised most recently by Blake (1967). The genus contains some thirty species from South, Central, and North America. A checklist of the 22

United States species is given below.

albicans Baly, 1865:296 Ind.-Tex.

albida LeConte, 1859:81 Calif.

alternata Crotch, 1873:36 Calif.

aridis Van Dyke, 1938:194 Calif.

artemisiae Blake, 1967:27 Oreg.-Idaho-Alta.-B.C.

barbata (Say), 1826:296 Conn.-Va.-Mo.

coloradoensis Blake 1967:25 Colo.-Utah

cryptica (Say) 1824:449 Ohio-Okla.-Dak.

cylindrica Blake9 1967:33 Calif.

idahoensis Blake, 1967:19 Idaho-Wyo. 262 illustris Crotch, 1873:35 Oreg.-Calif. juniperi Blake, 1967:21 Calif.

ssp. j_. zanthocoma Blake, 1967:22 Calif. longior LeConte, 1878:462 Oreg.-Wyo. parvula Blaisdell, 1921:196 Calif. paula Blake, 1967:29 Idaho peperi Blake, 1967:18 Calif. prosopis Schaeffer, 1905:169 Tex. pubescens (Fabriclus), 1776:220 Que.-Ala.-Mis s.-Minn. septentrionalis Blake, 1967:25. Mont.-B.C.-Calif. sequoiae Blaisdell, 1921:195 Calif.-Oreg. squamulata Crotch 1873:36 Calif.-Ariz.-Nev. vandykei Krauss, 1937:28 Oreg. 263

20. Myochrous Erichson, 1847:164

TYPE: Myochrous immundus Erichson, 1847. By monotypy. Type

locality: Peru.

DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS: Elytra pubescent; postocular lobes present; tarsal claws appendiculate; apical tibial spurs absent;

lateral margins of pronotum and protibiae toothed.

Myochrous was most recently revised by Blake (1950). She

lists thirteen species for the United States. The genus contains

about thirty species all in the New World. A checklist of the

United States species is given below.

denticollis (Say), 1824:448 SE U.S.-Okla.

cyphus Blake, 1950:16 Tex.-N.Mex.

austrinus Blake, 1950:18 Ariz.

squamosus LeConte, 1859:24 Alta.-Tex.

intermedius Blake, 1950:22 111.-Iowa-Tex.

severini Blake, 1950:23 Dak.

pauxillus Schaeffer, 1933:473 Tex.

ranella Blake, 1950:25 Va.-Fla.-La.

movallus Johnson, 1931:148 Dak.-Kans.-Iowa

floridanus Schaeffer, 1933:472 Va.-Fla.-La.

ssp. jf. texanus Blake, 1950:28 Tex.

magnus Schaeffer, 1904:228 Miss.-Tex.

longulus LeConte, 1858:86 Idaho-Ariz.-Calif.

whitei Blake, 1950:32 Calif. 264

Figure 1. Spintherophyta violaceipennis (Horn). Face, frontal view. 60X

Figure 2. _S. arizonensis n. sp. Face, frontal view. Paratype. 60X

Figure 3. Metaparia viridimicans (Horn). Face, lateral view. 60X

Figure 4. M. mandibuloflexa n. sp. Face, frontal view. Paratype. 60X

Figure 5. M. prosopis n. sp. Face, frontal view. Type. 60X

Figure 6. Same. Lateral view. Type. 60X

Figure 7. Tymnes tricolor (Fabricius). Head and prothorax, lateral view. 60X

Figure 8. Nodonota clypealis Horn. Face, frontal view. 60X P o sloe u I o r lobe v

0.5mm 266

Figure 9. Metachroma suturalis LeConte. Mesotibia. 45X

Figure 10. Rhabdopterus deceptor Barber. Metatibia. 45X

Figure 11. R. picipes (Olivier). Metatibia. 45X

Figure 12. _R. praetextus (Say). Metatibia. 45X

Figure 13. Euphrytus snowi Schaeffer. Metafemur. 20X

Figure 14. Rhabdopterus praetextus (Say). Antenna. 20X

Figure 15. Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius). A - Maxilla. B - Labrum. C - Labium. 50X

Figure 16. Nodonota clypealis Horn. Antenna. 28X

Figure 17. Fidia murina Crotch. Metatarsus. 60X

Figure 18. Metaparia opacicollis (Horn). Male, protarsus. 60X

Figure 19. Metaparia opacicollis (Horn). Female, protarsus. 60X 267

0.5mm

1.0 mm m i f l u ' *

0.5 mm

1.0mm

0 .5mm

17 18 19 268

Figure 20. Chrysochus cobaltinus LeConte. Metathoracic wing. 10X

Figure 21. Nodonota margaretae n. sp. Head and pronotum. 25X

Figure 22. IJ. puncticollis (Say). Head and pronotum. 25X

Figure 23. N_. basalis (Jacoby). Prosternum. 25X

Figure 24. Metaparia prosopis n. sp. Prosternum. 25X

Figure 25. Rhabdopterus deceptor Barber. Pro- and mesosterna. 25X

Figure 26. Euphrytus snowi Schaeffer. Pro- and mesosterna. 25X

Figure 27. Colaspis flavida Say. Pro- and mesosterna. 25X 269

*— ■ ■■ i ■ j'1;.- ,r

4A

20

1.0mm 22

m m

24

27

26 25 270

In figures of the aedeagus, A is dorsal and B Is lateral

Figure 28. Spintherophyta arizonensis n. sp. Aedeagus. Paratype. 60X

Figure 29. _S. violaceipennis (Horn). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 30. J>. globosa (Olivier). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 31. J5. exigua n. sp. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 32. Hodonota clypealis Horn. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 33. N. puncticollis (Say). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 34. N. basalis (Jacoby). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 35. N. tristis (Olivier). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 36. N_. convexa (Say). Aedeagus. 60X 271

29 30 A 28 A

B

A A 0.5 mm ------

34 272

In figures of the aedeagus, A is dorsal and B is lateral.

Figure 37. Nodonota margaretae n. sp. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 38. IN. rotundicollis Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 39. IJ. texana Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 40. Metaparia mandibuloflexa n. sp. Aedeagus. Type. 60X

Figure 41. M. clytroides Crotch. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 42. M . opacicollis (Horn). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 43. M. prosopis n. sp. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 44. M . viridimicans (Horn). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 45. Metachroma suturalis LeConte. Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 46. Paria thoracica (Melsheimer). Aedeagus. 60X 273

37 A 39 A

42 40

45

0.5 mm 46 43 274

In figures of the aedeagus, A is dorsal and B is lateral.

Figure 47. Typophorus nigritus viridicyaneus (Crotch). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 48. Eumolpus surinamensis (Fabricius). Aedeagus. 20X

Figure 49. Chrysochus auratus (Fabricius). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 50. £. cobaltinus LeConte. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 51. Colaspis arizonica Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 52. Rhabdopterus blatchleyi Bowditch. Aedeagus. 45X 275

1.0mm

49

1.0 mm Scale 47, 49- 52 50 In figures of the aedeagus, A is dorsal and B is lateral.

Figure 53. R. bowditchi Barber. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 54. R.. picipes (Olivier). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 55. R. angustipenis n. sp. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 56. II. praetextus (Say). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 57. Same. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 58. R. bottimeri Barber. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 59. R. deceptor Barber. Aedeagus. 45X 277

54

53

55

57

0.5mm 278

In figures of the aedeagus, A is dorsal and 8 is lateral.

Figure 60. Euphrytus intermedius Jacoby. Aedeagus. Lectotype. 45X

Figure 61. IS. particollis Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 62. E. snowi Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 63. Metaxyonycha arizonae (Crotch). Aedeagus. 20X

Figure 64. M. flohri (Jacoby). Aedeagus. Lectotype. 20X

Figure 65. Tymnes tricolor (Fabricius). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 66. jC. violaceus Horn. Aedeagus. 45X 279

60 62

0.5 mm

65

1.0 mm i- Scale 60-62,65,66 280

In figures of the aedeagus, A is dorsal and B is lateral.

Figure 67. H metasternalis (Crotch). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure -68. T. oregonensis (Crotch). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 69. Graphops pubescens (Melsheimer). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 70. Colaspidea pallipes Fall. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 71. JC. smaragdula (LeConte). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 72. Same. Aedeagus, dorsal view only. 45X

Figure 73. Same. Aedeagus, dorsal view only. 45X

Figure 74. Xanthonia vagans (LeConte). Aedeagus. 60X

Figure 75. Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 76. Fidia cana Horn. Aedeagus. 45X 281

111/ \\H

74 0.5mm

Scale 69,74 Scale 67, 68,70-73,75,76 282

In figures of the aedeagus, A is dorsal and B is lateral.

Figure 77. F_. humeralis Lefevre. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 78. ]?. longipes (Melsheimer). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 79. JF. viticida Walsh. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 80. JF. murina Crotch. Aedeagus. Lectotype. 45X

Figure 81. F. clematis Schaeffer. Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 82. Glyptoscelis barbata (Say). Aedeagus. 45X

Figure 83. Myochrous floridanus texanus Blake. Aedeagus. 60X 283

. / T v

77 Vrv

80 A

82 0.5 mm I------1.0 mm Scale 77-82

83 284

© ©j

Map I. Distribution of Spintherophyta arizonensis n. sp. 285

Map II. Distribution of Spintherophyta violaceipennis (Horn) GO

N> CO cr>

Map III. Distribution of Spintherophyta globosa (Olivier) 287

MAP IV. Distribution of Spintherophyta exigua n. sp. o e 288

MAP V. Distribution of Nodonota clypealis Horn 289

MAP VI. Distribution of Nodonota puncticollis (Say) .290

MAP VII. Distribution of Nodonota basalts (Jacoby). o © ©o eo

© © 291

[MAP VIII. Distribution of Nodonota tristis (Oliviei) MAP IX. Distribution of Nodonota convexa (Say) 293

MAP X. Distribution of Nodonota margaretae n. sp. © 294 MAP XI. Distribution of Nodonota rotundicollis Schaeffer 295

MAP XIX. Distribution of Nodonota texana Schaeffer Tex 296

MAP XIII. Distribution of Metaparia mandibuloflexa n. sp. 297

MAP XIV. Distribution of Metaparia clytroides Crotch © 298

MAP XV. Distribution of Metaparia opacicollis (Horn) 299

MAP XVI. Distribution of Metaparia \prosopis n. sp. I

e x a s

© 300

MAP XVII. Distribution of Metaparia viridimicans (Horn) ©o © ©

©©.

© ©

© ©

h-> MAP XVIII. Distribution of Chrvsochus auratus (Fabricius) MAP XIX. Distribution of C. cobaltinus Le 303

& © * MAP XX. Distribution of Rhabdopterus blatchleyi Bowditch MAP XXI. Distribution of R. bowditchi Barber ® 0 305

MAP XXII. Distribution of Rhabdopterus picipes.(Olivier) 306

MAP XXIII. Distribution of Rhabdopterus angustipenis n. sp. >1AP XXIV. Distribution of Rhabdopterus praetextus (Say, 308 MAP XXV. Distribution of Rhabdopterus bottimeri Barber 309

MAP XXVI. Distribution of Rhabdopterus deceptor Barber 310

N i MAP XXVII. Distribution of Euphrytus intermedius Jacoby \ \

311

MAP XXVIII. Distribution of Euphrytus parvicollis Schaeffer \\

312 4 - 2

MAP XXIX. Distribution of Euphrytus snowi Schaeffer 313

j

MAP XXX. Distribution of Metaxyonycha arizonae (Crotch) 314

MAP XXXI. Distribution of Metaxyonycha flohri (Jacoby) 315 316

MAP XXXIII. Distribution of Tymnes violaceus Horn 317

Distribution of Tymnes metastemalis (Crotch) XXXIV 318

©o e© ©Q

MAP XXXV. Distribution of jC. oreaonens3^ (Crotch \

319

oe

MAP XXXVI. Distribution ' of Colaspidea pallipes Fall © © e o

o© N» o Ssss>' ®° . ®o © O (L «fco°

© © © © e© ei o ° ©o (©fb e ©o ©ogo© oo © ©o N® ©

JOU'

V© © ^3

, © ©

MAP XXXVII. Distribution of Colaspidea smaragdula ©o

o©

HAP XXXVIII. Distributioi of Bromius obscurus (Linnaeus) 321 MAP XXXIX. Distribution of Fidia cana Horn 322 323

Q

MAP XL. Distribution of Fidia humeralis Leffevre XLI. Distribution of Fidia longipes (Melsheimer) © © MAP XLII. Distribution of Fidia viticida ® (Walsh) e © MAP XLIII. Distribution of Fidia murina Crotch 326 \

MAP XLIV. Distribution of Fidia clematis Schaeffer 327 REFERENCES

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